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ANCIENT EGYPT ANCIENT EGYPT LAND OF THE PHAROAHS LAND OF THE PHAROAHS

ANCIENT EGYPT LAND OF THE PHAROAHS. Geography Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is located next to the Nile River. Egypt is

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Page 1: ANCIENT EGYPT LAND OF THE PHAROAHS. Geography Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is located next to the Nile River. Egypt is

ANCIENT EGYPTANCIENT EGYPT

LAND OF THE PHAROAHSLAND OF THE PHAROAHS

Page 2: ANCIENT EGYPT LAND OF THE PHAROAHS. Geography Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is located next to the Nile River. Egypt is

GeographyGeography

                                            

                                               

Egypt is almost all desert.Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is located next to the Nile River.Egypt is located next to the Nile River. The Nile stretches 4,500 miles making it the The Nile stretches 4,500 miles making it the

longest river in the world.longest river in the world. The Nile was Ancient Egypt’s lifeline. The Nile was Ancient Egypt’s lifeline.

                                                                                  

         

Page 3: ANCIENT EGYPT LAND OF THE PHAROAHS. Geography Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is located next to the Nile River. Egypt is

Gifts of the NileGifts of the Nile

Egyptian farmers Egyptian farmers depended on the depended on the predictable annual predictable annual flooding of the Nile to flooding of the Nile to grow crops.grow crops.

The Nile was a good The Nile was a good source of fish and source of fish and water birds for food.water birds for food.

Papyrus Plants grew Papyrus Plants grew by the banks, and by the banks, and were used for paper & were used for paper & boats.boats.

Page 4: ANCIENT EGYPT LAND OF THE PHAROAHS. Geography Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is located next to the Nile River. Egypt is

The Union of Two LandsThe Union of Two Lands Legend says that around Legend says that around

3100 B.C., Upper Egypt and 3100 B.C., Upper Egypt and Lower became one kingdom Lower became one kingdom under King Menes, who under King Menes, who founded the first Egyptian founded the first Egyptian dynasty.dynasty.

Ancient Egyptian History Ancient Egyptian History began around 3000B.C. and began around 3000B.C. and is divided into three major is divided into three major periods.periods.

In the 1,000 years before In the 1,000 years before Egypt’s written history began, Egypt’s written history began, Egyptians learned to farm, Egyptians learned to farm, formed governments, and formed governments, and invented hieroglyphic writing.invented hieroglyphic writing.

Page 5: ANCIENT EGYPT LAND OF THE PHAROAHS. Geography Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is located next to the Nile River. Egypt is

The Egyptian ReligionThe Egyptian Religion Egyptians believed in Egyptians believed in

afterlife, and that after afterlife, and that after death, each person needed death, each person needed an undecayed physical an undecayed physical body to keep his or her body to keep his or her spirit alive.spirit alive.

Egyptians placed Egyptians placed possessions in tombs for possessions in tombs for use by the dead person in use by the dead person in the afterlife.the afterlife.

Egyptians believed in Egyptians believed in many gods. Some gods many gods. Some gods created the world and ran created the world and ran the afterlife, while others the afterlife, while others oversaw everyday life.oversaw everyday life.

Page 6: ANCIENT EGYPT LAND OF THE PHAROAHS. Geography Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is located next to the Nile River. Egypt is

A Writing SystemA Writing System The earliest Egyptian The earliest Egyptian

writing was called writing was called hieroglyphics and used hieroglyphics and used pictures to represent pictures to represent objects, ideas, and sounds.objects, ideas, and sounds.

Decoding the Rosetta Decoding the Rosetta Stone, in A.D. 1822, Stone, in A.D. 1822, allowed modern people to allowed modern people to translate Egyptian texts translate Egyptian texts and to learn about and to learn about Egyptian life and beliefs.Egyptian life and beliefs.

Only a few people knew Only a few people knew how to read and write. how to read and write. They were called scribes.They were called scribes.

Page 7: ANCIENT EGYPT LAND OF THE PHAROAHS. Geography Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is located next to the Nile River. Egypt is

ArtArt Egyptian artwork included Egyptian artwork included

beautiful murals on beautiful murals on buildings and inside tombs.buildings and inside tombs.

Artists & craftsmen Artists & craftsmen provided goods for the king provided goods for the king and his family. Painters and his family. Painters smoothed stone walls with smoothed stone walls with plaster and used grids to plaster and used grids to paint.paint.

Goldsmiths made beautiful Goldsmiths made beautiful jewelry. Egypt had a jewelry. Egypt had a century long control of the century long control of the nearest gold source in nearest gold source in Nubia.Nubia.

Page 8: ANCIENT EGYPT LAND OF THE PHAROAHS. Geography Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is located next to the Nile River. Egypt is

ArchitectureArchitecture The Ancient Egyptians The Ancient Egyptians

built remarkable built remarkable srtuctures including srtuctures including pyramids, the Sphinx, pyramids, the Sphinx, temples, tombs & temples, tombs & monuments.monuments.

Stonemasons gave Stonemasons gave stone blocks their stone blocks their definate shape.definate shape.

Builders were often Builders were often farmers that had no farmers that had no work during the work during the flooding season or flooding season or were slaves.were slaves.

Page 9: ANCIENT EGYPT LAND OF THE PHAROAHS. Geography Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is located next to the Nile River. Egypt is

A Social PyramidA Social Pyramid Egyptian society was Egyptian society was

like a pyramid, with like a pyramid, with only one person at the only one person at the top; the king. The top; the king. The king was believed to king was believed to be a god.be a god.

Below the king was Below the king was the royal family, the royal family, nobility, priests, nobility, priests, government officials, government officials, and scribes. Last and scribes. Last were craftsmen and were craftsmen and skilled workers.skilled workers.

Farmers formed the Farmers formed the large base.large base.

Page 10: ANCIENT EGYPT LAND OF THE PHAROAHS. Geography Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is located next to the Nile River. Egypt is

New Kingdom Rulers:New Kingdom Rulers:Queen HatshepsutQueen Hatshepsut

During the New During the New Kingdom period, 1570-Kingdom period, 1570-1070 B.C., Egyptians 1070 B.C., Egyptians began calling their kings began calling their kings pharaohs.pharaohs.

The female pharaoh The female pharaoh Hatshepsut Hatshepsut concentrated on peace concentrated on peace and prosperity, sending and prosperity, sending trade groups to other trade groups to other kingdoms, restoring kingdoms, restoring damaged temples, and damaged temples, and resuming the practice of resuming the practice of mining.mining.

Page 11: ANCIENT EGYPT LAND OF THE PHAROAHS. Geography Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is located next to the Nile River. Egypt is

Pharaoh Thutmose IIIPharaoh Thutmose III

Hatshepsut’s Hatshepsut’s successor, Thutmose successor, Thutmose III, conquered Syria, III, conquered Syria, Palestine, and other Palestine, and other regions, bringing regions, bringing great wealth to great wealth to Egypt, and making it Egypt, and making it one of the one of the Mediterranean’s Mediterranean’s most powerful most powerful kingdoms.kingdoms.

Page 12: ANCIENT EGYPT LAND OF THE PHAROAHS. Geography Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is located next to the Nile River. Egypt is

Pharaoh AkhenatonPharaoh Akhenaton This pharaoh was This pharaoh was

seen as a visionary seen as a visionary by many, and a by many, and a madman to some.madman to some.

He disrupted the He disrupted the balance of power & balance of power & religion by believing religion by believing in only one god.in only one god.

He moved the He moved the capitol from Thebes capitol from Thebes to Armana.to Armana.

Page 13: ANCIENT EGYPT LAND OF THE PHAROAHS. Geography Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is located next to the Nile River. Egypt is

Pharaoh TutankhamunPharaoh Tutankhamun

                                       

Believed to be Akhenaton’s Believed to be Akhenaton’s son, Tut became the son, Tut became the youngest pharaoh at the youngest pharaoh at the age of nine.age of nine.

He restored peace to Egypt He restored peace to Egypt by returning to the old by returning to the old religion and rebuilding religion and rebuilding monuments.monuments.

He only ruled until age 19, He only ruled until age 19, dying under mysterious dying under mysterious circumstances. His tomb is circumstances. His tomb is famous worldwide for its famous worldwide for its treasures discovered in treasures discovered in 1922.1922.

Page 14: ANCIENT EGYPT LAND OF THE PHAROAHS. Geography Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is located next to the Nile River. Egypt is

Pharaoh Ramses IIPharaoh Ramses II

Ramses was the Ramses was the first pharaoh of the first pharaoh of the 1919thth dynasty. dynasty.

He was a teen He was a teen when he was when he was crowned.crowned.

He built the great He built the great statues of Abu statues of Abu Sinbel.Sinbel.

Page 15: ANCIENT EGYPT LAND OF THE PHAROAHS. Geography Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is located next to the Nile River. Egypt is

Achievements of the EgyptiansAchievements of the Egyptians

The Egyptians developed a The Egyptians developed a more accurate calendar more accurate calendar than the Babylonians.than the Babylonians.

In the 1500s B.C., an In the 1500s B.C., an unknown Egyptian doctor unknown Egyptian doctor wrote a medical document wrote a medical document filled with accurate and filled with accurate and detailed observations of detailed observations of the human body.the human body.

Tomb painters created Tomb painters created paintings that are one of paintings that are one of Egypt’s finest Egypt’s finest achievements.achievements.

Page 16: ANCIENT EGYPT LAND OF THE PHAROAHS. Geography Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is located next to the Nile River. Egypt is

Egypt Dominates KushEgypt Dominates Kush During the Middle Kingdom During the Middle Kingdom

period, Egypt built forts period, Egypt built forts and trading posts in the and trading posts in the Kush kingdom and came to Kush kingdom and came to see Kush as part of its see Kush as part of its empire.empire.

Kushite soldiers helped the Kushite soldiers helped the Egyptians drive out a Egyptians drive out a conquering invader from conquering invader from the north.the north.

Egyptian culture had a Egyptian culture had a strong influence on the strong influence on the religion and crafts in Kush.religion and crafts in Kush.

Page 17: ANCIENT EGYPT LAND OF THE PHAROAHS. Geography Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is located next to the Nile River. Egypt is

Kush Conquers EgyptKush Conquers Egypt When Egypt fell into When Egypt fell into

decline at the end of the decline at the end of the New Kingdom period, New Kingdom period, the Kushite ruler Kashta the Kushite ruler Kashta rebelled and conquered rebelled and conquered Upper Egypt.Upper Egypt.

His son, Piankhy, His son, Piankhy, conquered the Nile delta conquered the Nile delta and the city of Memphis, and the city of Memphis, and his successor and his successor became the first Kushite became the first Kushite pharaoh.pharaoh.

Page 18: ANCIENT EGYPT LAND OF THE PHAROAHS. Geography Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is located next to the Nile River. Egypt is

Kush’s Last Thousand YearsKush’s Last Thousand Years The Kushites soon lost The Kushites soon lost

control of Egypt, but control of Egypt, but held on to their old held on to their old kingdom.kingdom.

The Kushite capital The Kushite capital was moved south to was moved south to Meroe, where it Meroe, where it became an important became an important center for iron, wood, center for iron, wood, and trade with the and trade with the Middle East, the Far Middle East, the Far East and many parts East and many parts of Africa.of Africa.

Page 19: ANCIENT EGYPT LAND OF THE PHAROAHS. Geography Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is almost all desert. Egypt is located next to the Nile River. Egypt is

Over time, Egyptian Over time, Egyptian influence lessened. influence lessened. The Kushites The Kushites developed their own developed their own hieroglyphics and hieroglyphics and religion.religion.

Meroe was conquered Meroe was conquered and destroyed by a and destroyed by a neighboring kingdom neighboring kingdom in A.D. 350 after being in A.D. 350 after being an important cultural an important cultural and trade center for and trade center for more than 600 years.more than 600 years.