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Ancient Egypt Study Guide--ANSWERSExam: November 25th, 2008
Name: ___________________________________________
The following information will be covered on the Exam:
Nile RiverImportance of Nile River: without the Nile, Egypt would not have
existed.
Giver of Life: provides fertile soil for growing crops, method of transportation.
Taker of Life: overflows too much-drowns people and destroys crops. If it overflows too little, crops don’t get enough water and die.
What direction the Nile River flows and explain how: Nile flows north. The land in the south is higher than the land in the north.
What the “black land” is: the land along the banks of the Nile. Very fertile soil. Where all the farming is done.
What the “Red land” is: desert. No crops can grow here.
PyramidsWhat Pyramids were used for: tombs, protect the mummy of the
pharaoh
Giza: Necropolis, contains the great pyramid and the sphinx
Definition of Necropolis: ancient burial ground
Sphinx nickname: guardian of the giza complex
Sphinx: body of a lion and Head of a man
Main material to make the pyramids: limestone
Were all the pyramid workers slaves? No. most of the workers were free men who were paid.
How many sides do the pyramids have? 4
Miscellaneous
What is the process called in which the dead is wrapped in cloth? mummification
What were the kings of Egypt called? pharaoh
What is the name of the river in Egypt? Nile
What continent is Egypt Located on? Africa Into what Sea does the Nile River end? Mediterranean Sea
What material did the Egyptians use to make things such as paper, mats, sandals, rope, etc.? Papyrus
What was the name of the Ancient Egyptian writing system? Hieroglyphics
What is the Valley of the Kings? Where many pharaohs are buried.
Name Two Pharaohs.
Were the ancient Egyptians polytheistic or monotheistic? Polytheistic-believed in many gods.
What made ancient Egypt prosper and grow? Nile River
What important farming technique did the ancient Egyptians use? irrigation
Daily LifeWhat did life in ancient Egypt center around? (3 things)-religion, family, pharaoh
What were the duties of the home for the Women? (3 things)-cook, clean, raise the children
What effect does a heavy tax have on peasants?-hard to make money
What was the main diet of the peasants?-wheat and vegetables
What type of bricks were homes made out of?-mixture of mud and straw and sun-dried
Why were the doors of the houses 4 feet off the ground? -to prevent water from the Nile floods from coming in to the house
Why did Egyptians sleep on the roof? -cooler temperatures
Why was it possible to build homes as large as you wanted?-easy to get materials
What was the main piece of clothing for Egyptians? -Tunic: a long t-shirt
What was their main footwear?-sandals
What type of clothes did workers wear?-Loin cloth
What type of clothes did wealthy people wear? -robes
What was the main type of make-up that the ancient Egyptians wore? (hint: they put this on their eyes. Remember the video of my daughters?) -green eye-shadow and black eye-liner
Why would women wear a cone of fat on their head? -to smell good.
Mummification
What is the definition of mummification? Preserving the body to prevent it from rotting
Why did the Ancient Egyptians mummify? (3 reason. Describe all three)Reason #1: Physical body needed to be preserved for after life.
Reason #2: Ensure a safe passage to afterlife.
Reason #3: Spirit needed to be able to recognize the pharaoh in the afterlife.
List the 7 steps of Mummification. Briefly describe each step.1. announcement of death
2. Embalming the body
3. Removal of the brain
4. Removal of the Internal organs
5. Drying out process
6. Wrapping the body
7. Final Procession
What were the four organs that were removed from the body? -liver, stomach, lungs, intestines
What were the jars called that the organs were placed in? -canopic jars
What type of salt was the body packed in?-natron salt
What did the family and friends of the dead person pay people to do?-pay people to cry
What was Ritual #1: Opening of the Mouth
Why was ritual #1 important: allow the mummy to be able to see, hear, eat and move in the afterlife.
What was Ritual #2: Weighing of the Heart
Why was ritual #2 important: determines the fate of the mummy.
YouTube Presents: Mummies Revealed Video
What does the pyramid protect? -Mummy of the pharaoh
What did the priest wear during mummification?-Jackal headed mask
Who is the god of mummification?-anubis
What happened to the “slitter” after he cut open the stomach?-pelted with stones
What would the magic amulets do? -protect the mummy
Be Prepared to write an essay about ONE of the following:
Nile RiverMummificationDaily LifePyramids of Egypt