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Ancient Roman Architecture. Pantheon. Pantheon:. Original building built by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, 27-25 B.C.E. Destroyed by fire in 80 A.D. Rebuilt approx. A.D. 125 by Emperor Hadrian - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Ancient Roman Ancient Roman ArchitectureArchitecture
PantheonPantheon
Pantheon:Pantheon:
Original building built by Marcus Vipsanius Original building built by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, 27-25 B.C.E. Agrippa, 27-25 B.C.E.
Destroyed by fire in 80 A.D.Destroyed by fire in 80 A.D. Rebuilt approx. A.D. 125 by Emperor Rebuilt approx. A.D. 125 by Emperor
HadrianHadrian Inscription from original building added: M Inscription from original building added: M
AGRIPPA L F COS TERTIUM FECIT: “Marcus AGRIPPA L F COS TERTIUM FECIT: “Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, built during his Agrippa, son of Lucius, built during his third consulate.” third consulate.”
Piazza della Rotunda – Piazza della Rotunda – Stolen Egyptian ObeliskStolen Egyptian Obelisk
Photo: M. Griffin
Pantheon ExteriorPantheon Exterior
Exterior:Exterior: Looking at the exterior, you get Looking at the exterior, you get a very different impression from that of a very different impression from that of the interior. the interior.
CellaCella (walled room to house the statue of (walled room to house the statue of the god): looks like a simple drum shape the god): looks like a simple drum shape topped by a low dome. topped by a low dome.
Porch (Portico): Porch (Portico): square shape with three square shape with three rows of columns in front of the entrance; rows of columns in front of the entrance; topped by pediment.topped by pediment.
Photo: M. Griffin
Exterior View: Portico and Exterior View: Portico and CellaCella
View from inside Portico with Corinthian Columns
Ground level:Ground level:
has risen since ancient Roman times; has risen since ancient Roman times;
entrance steps are now submerged entrance steps are now submerged so that the whole building looks more so that the whole building looks more short and squat than it would have in short and squat than it would have in ancient times.ancient times.
View of Pantheon Cella exterior with modern street level observable on the left
Photo: M. Griffin
Pantheon: Pantheon: best preserved interior of best preserved interior of any ancient Roman structure.any ancient Roman structure.
Saved from destruction when converted Saved from destruction when converted to church in 7to church in 7thth Century C.E. Century C.E.
Still in use as church today.Still in use as church today. Unchanged from Roman Times:Unchanged from Roman Times:
Columns Columns FloorFloor Colored marble paneling of walls Colored marble paneling of walls Coffered ceiling (except for bronze or gilt Coffered ceiling (except for bronze or gilt
covering)covering)
Christian Altar
Photo: M. Griffin
Christian Statue of Mother and Child
(In niche probably once occupied by statue of Roman god)Photo: M. Griffin
Unchanged from Ancient Rome:
•Floor
•Columns
•Marble Panels
(multi-colored)
Photo: M. Griffin
Unchanged from Roman Times:
•Coffered ceiling (with sunken panels)
DomeDome
Romans – highly skilled with concreteRomans – highly skilled with concrete Largest unreinforced concrete dome in the Largest unreinforced concrete dome in the
world; world; Remained the largest dome in the world for at Remained the largest dome in the world for at
least a thousand years.least a thousand years. Concrete becomes thinner toward the top of Concrete becomes thinner toward the top of
the dome (20 ft. thick at bottom; 6 feet at top); the dome (20 ft. thick at bottom; 6 feet at top); Concrete near the top may even be made with Concrete near the top may even be made with
lighter materials (e.g. pumice)lighter materials (e.g. pumice)
Occulus (Eye)Occulus (Eye)
Occulus – circular opening at top of Occulus – circular opening at top of dome;dome;
symbolic of the sun; symbolic of the sun; open to the sky; open to the sky; 143 feet above the floor; 143 feet above the floor; 7.8 meters across.7.8 meters across.