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Ancient Roman Architecture, Arts, Education, and Language By: Lauren Spears, Peter Gaskas, and Devin Nakao

Ancient Roman Architecture, Arts, Education, and Language

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Ancient Roman Architecture, Arts, Education, and Language. By: Lauren Spears, Peter Gaskas, and Devin Nakao. Art. They believed that painting and sculpting life like images of people would keep their spirits at rest when they died. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Ancient Roman Architecture, Arts, Education, and Language

Ancient Roman Architecture, Arts, Education, and Language

By: Lauren Spears, Peter Gaskas, and Devin Nakao

Page 2: Ancient Roman Architecture, Arts, Education, and Language

Art

They believed that painting and sculpting life like images of people would keep their spirits at rest when they died.

They used portraits and statues to portray important people’s power. And were sign of the Roman’s rule over their empire.

Paint brushes were made from twigs, wood, reeds, or rushes. Shaped wood or ivory was used for writing. Paints were made from various natural materials.

Julius Caesar (top) Sculpture of Augustus: -roman

general –shows as a handsome young man –barefooted to show he is a hero (bottom)

Page 3: Ancient Roman Architecture, Arts, Education, and Language

Art (Altar of Augustan Peace)

During the rule of Augustus visual arts such as architecture, wall paintings, mosaics, and sculptures flourished.

On his wife Livia’s birthday in 9 BCE, he dedicated the marble altar of Augustan Peace.

On two sides of the altar the family of Augustus is sculpted. And on the front there are sculptural relieves such as symbolic figures of mother earth and the winds. This assured viewer that the emperor could trace his family back to the beginning of Rome.

It was decorated with symbols of fruit, flowers, children and wheat. Symbolizing bounty and fertility of the Peace of Augustus.

Page 4: Ancient Roman Architecture, Arts, Education, and Language

Forms of Art

Wall paintings became popular in the first century CE

At first they were used to imitate masonry, which led to representation of architectural scenes, sacred landscapes, marine scenes and mythological narraratives

The first mosaics consisted of only one colour, and later became multi-coloured master pieces

They were made of thousands of tiny “tesserae”, which were cubes of glass. They usually had an intricate geometric border around a central scene, often from Greek myth or daily life

Page 5: Ancient Roman Architecture, Arts, Education, and Language

Forms of Art

Roman sculptures continued to imitate the Classical Greek style, usually closely resembling works by the sculptors Praxiteles and Polyclitus

Relief sculpture began to develop into Roman styles, especially on triumphal arches, columns, and other political monuments

Sculptures, symbols, and figures usually complimented the victories of the great, conquering emperors, such as Titus, Constantine and Hadrian

Page 6: Ancient Roman Architecture, Arts, Education, and Language

Roman Education (Boys) Boys and girls born into elite

republican families were brought up together untill they reached puberty

From the ages 7 to 11 the kids learned to read and write Latin

From 12 to 15, the children were taught language and literature

Boys were taught in public, while girls were taught at home

When the boys turned 16, boys began to study rhetoric at public lectures, which was logical and persuasive argument

There was a ceremony for boys who were on their way to becoming an adult

They were led to the Forum Romanum dressed in a toga of manhood

After this ceremony they were expected to attempt a career in the army or law courts

Page 7: Ancient Roman Architecture, Arts, Education, and Language

Roman Education (Girls)

Usually children from poor families received no education

Girls studied language and literature, singing and dancing, and the crafts of spinning and weaving

These types of skills were meant to exemplify old Republican virtues, and were honoured on a gravestone reading “casa fuit; domum servait; lanam fecit”, meaning “She was chaste, she kept the house, she worked the wool”

The education system was meant to stabilize the state’s social order by teaching those of the upper class about their benefits and duties to Rome

Page 8: Ancient Roman Architecture, Arts, Education, and Language

Concrete: Rome’s Significant Architectural Breakthrough

The Roman invention of concrete will forever impact how we design and construct large architectural structures today

Although the formulas for mixing concrete have been altered and changed, the same techniques used during the Roman period are used today

The Romans loved to imitate Greek architecture but were not able to get marble easily

They began to mix materials available, such as lime, mortar, gravel, and rubble

Strong walls were constructed out of this and then covered with decorative brick or marble

They eventually added volcanic ash, which created concrete that could set under water

Page 9: Ancient Roman Architecture, Arts, Education, and Language

Roman Architecture Roman architecture was a

combination of Greek and Roman culture

The Greek temples with columns all around was fused with the Roman front-facing temple built on a high podium

Ancient Rome emphasized the use of columns in their architecture

The columns were utilized as a support and decoration. The Romans came up with five different types of columns, which are the Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite. Most of these, however, were adopted from Greek columns

The architectural technique of the arch and column is a trademark of Ancient Rome.

The Romans applied the arch to many of their buildings

Two of the first structures to carry arches are bridges and aqueducts. Triumphal arches were later constructed to honor their leaders, and vaults came into practice, which are arched roofs.

Page 10: Ancient Roman Architecture, Arts, Education, and Language

Roman Architecture

One of the main uses of the arch was to build aqueducts which carried water from the hills to big tanks or cisterns in the cities

Aqueducts contained pipes lined with cement, on the top of the arches, which carried the water

The pipes were covered to stop the water evaporating and to prevent contamination in the water

Page 11: Ancient Roman Architecture, Arts, Education, and Language

Coliseum The Coliseum was built during the

reign of Emperor Vespasiano in 72 AD

It stood 160ft tall holding a large amount of 50,000 spectators. Making it one of the biggest monuments in Rome.

In the upper class sections of the coliseum spectators sat on marble, while in the lower class section they sat on wood.

A wall 15 feet high separated the spectators from the bloody events in the arena.

The main events that took place in the Coliseum were gladiatorial fights, and wild animal hunts.

During gladiator matches as many as 10,000 participants would die, along with many animals.

The coliseum to date is one of the most famous tourist attractions and is one of the finest examples of Roman architecture.

Page 12: Ancient Roman Architecture, Arts, Education, and Language

Pantheon

The Pantheon is a circular temple which was originally built to honour the seven deities in 27-25BC but changed to a Christian church in the 7th century.

Is over 1350 years old and still stands to this date.

The first temple was built by Augustus general Agrippa, then in 126-128 CE it was totally rebuilt by Hadrian due to a fire in 80 AD

Whatever the reasons, the Pantheon is the only structure of its age, size and span that has successfully survived the scourge of time

Page 13: Ancient Roman Architecture, Arts, Education, and Language

Language Latin was the main language

spoken in the early years of Rome.

As Rome became dominant, there language spread like wildflower. Only a few cities in southern Italy kept their language such as Greece.

The favourite writing material was papyrus. For writing on papyrus pens that were dipped in ink were used. Ink was made from soot, resin, and the excretions of squid and cuttlefish.

For just daily writings wax sheets were used. The writer would carve a message in the wax then send it to whom ever their want. Once the message was received and read, the recipient would scrape the wax smooth and return a message.

Latin today may be a dormant language but it remains an important piece of our linguistic puzzle.

Page 14: Ancient Roman Architecture, Arts, Education, and Language

When was the coliseum built?

72 AD

How old is the Pantheon?

Over 1350 years old

What two architectural techniques are trademarks of Roman architecture?

The arch and the column