Upload
manju-lata
View
226
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/8/2019 Ankita epi presnt
1/15
8/8/2019 Ankita epi presnt
2/15
DETERMINENTS OF SWINE FLU
TOPICS COVERED:
Cause and Etiology
Risk Factors
8/8/2019 Ankita epi presnt
3/15
It seems likely that the
new version of H1N1
resulted from a mixing
of different versions ofthe virus, which may
usually affect different
species, in the same
animal host.Pigs provide an
excellent 'melting pot'
for these viruses to mix
and match with each
other.
What is new
about this type
of swine flu?
8/8/2019 Ankita epi presnt
4/15
CAUSE AND ETIOLOGY
Orthomyxoviridae (RNA virus) of five genera:
Influenza virus A
Influenza virus B
Influenza virus C
Thogotovirus
Isavirus
8/8/2019 Ankita epi presnt
5/15
CAUSE AND ETIOLOGY
Orthomyxoviridae (RNA virus) of five genera:
Influenza virus A (flu endemics found in humans, birds and majority of
mammals.
Influenza virus B (only afflict the seals and humans )
Influenza virus C (afflicts swines and us, humans)
Thogotovirus
Isavirus
8/8/2019 Ankita epi presnt
6/15
CAUSE AND ETIOLOGY
Orthomyxoviridae (RNA virus) of five genera:
Influenza virus A (flu endemics found in humans, birds and majority of
mammals.
Influenza virus B (only afflict the seals and humans )
Influenza virus C (afflicts swines and us, humans)
Thogotovirus
IsavirusIt is believed that the famous swine flu is a mixture of
Influenza virus A, particularly the subtype Influenza
A virus subtype H1N1 H1N1 and Influenza virus C.
8/8/2019 Ankita epi presnt
7/15
Risk Factors for Swine Flu
Children less than 5 years oldChildren less than 5 years old
Persons aged 50 years or olderPersons aged 50 years or older
Children and adolescents (
8/8/2019 Ankita epi presnt
8/15
Risk Factors for Swine Flu
upper respiratory tract disease (sinusitis, otitis media, croup)upper respiratory tract disease (sinusitis, otitis media, croup)
lower respiratory tract disease (pneumonia, bronchiolitis, asthma)lower respiratory tract disease (pneumonia, bronchiolitis, asthma)
cardiac (myocarditis, pericarditis), musculoskeletal (myositis,cardiac (myocarditis, pericarditis), musculoskeletal (myositis,
rhabdomyolysis),rhabdomyolysis),
neurologic (acute and postneurologic (acute and post--infectious encephalopathy, encephalitis, febrileinfectious encephalopathy, encephalitis, febrileseizures, status epilepticus)seizures, status epilepticus)
secondary bacterial pneumonia with or without sepsissecondary bacterial pneumonia with or without sepsis
8/8/2019 Ankita epi presnt
9/15
Transmission of Swine Flu
8/8/2019 Ankita epi presnt
10/15
Transmission of Swine Flu
this virus isthis virus is transmittedtransmitted in ways similarto other influenzato other influenzavirusesviruses
human influenza viruses are spread from person to personhuman influenza viruses are spread from person to personprimarily throughprimarily through largelarge--particle dropletparticle droplet transmission (e.g.,transmission (e.g.,
coughs or sneezes)coughs or sneezes) dropletsdroplets requires close contactrequires close contact (
8/8/2019 Ankita epi presnt
11/15
Timeline of events
April 12: an outbreak of influenza-like illness in Veracruz, Mexico, reported
to WHO
April 15-17: two cases of a new A(H1N1) virus infection identified in twosouthern California counties in U.S.A.
April 23: new influenza A (H1N1) virus infection confirmed in severalpatients in Mexico
April 24: WHO declares a public health event of international concern(PHEIC).
April 27: WHO declares pandemic phase 4 - sustained communitytransmission in Mexico
April 29: WHO declares pandemic phase 5 (2 countries affected)
June 11: WHO declares pandemic phase 6 (spread to 2 WHO regions)
In 9 weeks, all WHO regions reporting cases ofpandemic (H1N1) 2009
8/8/2019 Ankita epi presnt
12/15
8/8/2019 Ankita epi presnt
13/15
PANDEMIC INFLUENZA PHASES
Phase 1 No animal influenza virus circulating among animals has beenreported to cause infections in humans.
Phase 2An animal influenza virus circulating among domesticated or wild
animals is known to have caused infection in humans, and is therefore
considered a specific potential pandemic threat.
Phase 3An animal or human-animal influenza reassortant virus has caused
sporadic cases or small clusters of disease in people, but has not resulted inhuman to- human transmission sufficient to sustain community-level outbreaks.
Phase 4 Human-to-human transmission(H2H) of an animal or human-animal
influenza reassortant virus able to sustain community-level outbreaks has
been verified.
Phase 5 The same identified virus has caused sustained community level
outbreaks in two or more countries in one WHO regionPhase 6 The pandemic phase, is characterized by community level
outbreaks in at least one other country in a different WHO region in addition to
the criteria defined in Phase 5.
8/8/2019 Ankita epi presnt
14/15
Phases cont
Post Peak Period Levels of pandemic influenza in most countries with
adequate surveillance have dropped below peak levels
Possible new wave Level of pandemic influenza activity in mostcountries with adequate surveillance rising again
Post Pandemic Period Levels of Influenza activity have
returned to levels seen for seasonal influenza in most countries withadequate surveillance.
The current WHO phase of pandemic alert is 5.
WHO has declared the outbreak as PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCYOF INTERNATIONAL CONCERN (PHEIC)
(Source: WHO: Pandemic influenza)
8/8/2019 Ankita epi presnt
15/15
COMPARISON
human avian swineEtiology H1N1 H5N1 H1N1
Epidemiology Seasonal Pandemic threat Pandemic phase 5
Transmission Human to human Animal to human Human to human
Morbidity High Low High
Clinical Mild to severe, Similar to human, Similar to human,
usually mild Many severe fatal usually mild
Mortality Low High Low
Treatment Oseltamivir Oseltamivir Oseltamivir