Anti-Aging: How to Live Longer & Healthier - Part II –Free Radicals & Antioxidants & Cancers

8/7/2019 Anti-Aging: How to Live Longer & Healthier - Part II Free Radicals & Antioxidants & Cancers

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Anti-Aging: How to Live Longer

& HealthierBy Kyle J. NortonAll article and E books written by Kyle J. Norton are for information and education

only, please consult with your doctor and related field specialist before applying.

Part II Free Radicals & Antioxidants &

Cancers

I. CancerCancer is a class of diseases in which a group of abnormal growth of

cells have become progressively worse as it intrudes upon and

destroys adjacent tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the

body via lymph or blood and results in death of the host.

A. Development of cancer

The development of cancer can be divided into three different stages


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1. Initiation

Initiation is characteristic by irreversible mutation of DNA of a

particular cell which does not undergo DNA repair (by enzymes) or

undergoes faulty DNA repair, including gene deletion or insertion,

gene slices, etc.

2. Promotion

In the promotion stage the mutation cells involve in uncontrolled

growth and proliferation of mutated cells as it promotes the expression

of its mutation gene and in its replication. In time these cells loose

their normal abilities and just reproduce.

3. Progression

In the progression stage, the cancerous cells invade nearby tissues and

migrate to other tissues via lymph or blood.

B. Antioxidants and cancer

Antioxidants are molecules capable of inhibiting the oxidation of

other molecules to prevent damage by free radicals. Free radicals are

unstable molecules due to lost of an electron. By maintaining the

stable condition to itself, it causes oxidation to others that leads a

chain of oxidation reaction, causing more free radicals being produced

during the process, until they are brought to stop, causing alternation

of DNA, resulting in possible development of cancer.

As we mentioned in the Antioxidants section above, there are many

types of antioxidants

which search for free radicals and destroy them, thus preventing

further damage to other cells, resulting in lessening the risk of the

development of cancers.

C. Risk factors

1. Environment

Environmental exposures can promote the formation of free radicals,

including sunshine, radiation, hormones, viruses, bacteria, airpollution, contaminated water and food, and chemical in the

workplace, etc.

2. Lifestyle

Bad choices of lifestyle including cigarette smoking, excessive

drinking, an unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, or sexual behavior can


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increase the risk of free radical causes of oxidation.

a. Diet

Although there is no specific guidance but studies show that

consuming large quantities of red meat, preservative, and salt and less

on vegetables and fruits increase the risk of stomach and colorectal

cancers and calorie restriction has been shown to reduce cancer risk

for several cancer types in experience in mice.

There are many healthy foods contained antioxidant which can help to

reduce the risk of cancers, you can find over hundred of them in the

link: healthy food index

b. Smoking

All types of tobacco smoking can cause a billion of oxyradicals within

a signle puff due to its carcinogens , free radicals and chemical,

leading to a dozen types of cancer, including lung, mouth, bladder,

colon, and kidney cancers. Chewing tobacco and snuff increase therisk of oral cancer, and second-hand smoke increases the risk of lung

cancer.

c. Etc.

3. Heredity

Although it is only account 5% of diseases but in some cases, cancer

is caused by an alternative gene that is being passed along from

generation to generation, leading to increasing the risk of cancer, not

the cancer itself.

4. Random gene change

Random gene change caused by espousing to a particular chemical

which are accumulated in great amount as it passed along in cell

division and replication can increase their risk for cancer.

5. Faulty Gene Repair Activities

Environmental exposures cause an unwanted molecule to bind to a

gene, leading to the genes in faulty production of mutation of repair

proteins in the gene repair activities that produce more alternationpassing through from generation to generation. .

6. Medication

Some chemotherapy drugs used to treat cancer may increase the risk

of second cancers later in life due to its suppression of the immune

system in fighting against the forming of free radicals.
http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/


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7. Etc.

D. Colorectal cancers

Colorectal cancers is the second most common of the visceral cancer

and defined as cancers in the digestive system that involve part of the

large intestine (colon) and the last several inches of the colon. It starts

as a benign noncancerous adenomatous polyps. As ot progress

through its stages, it can be cancerous.

1. Symptoms

The symptoms are always seen in abnormal bowel habits as changing

in the consistency of stool for more than a couple of weeks as well as

bleeding and blood in the stool.

2. Risk factorsa. Heredity

Heredity although is not common, but you are high risk to have

colorectal cancer if your parent or your sibling had it.

b. Overweight

Study showed that people who are 40% overweight above the average

have a 35% high risk to develop colorectal cancer.

c. Aging

Colorectal cancer increases the risk with age of over 50. It may be

caused by declining function of digestive system in digestive food

properly that put pressure to the large intestine.

d. Gender

Would it be true that men are likely to develop colorectal cancer than

women?

e. Diet

Diets high in saturated and trans fat have been found to cause colon

cancer due to low amount of fiber which are important in assisting the

digestive system in waste removal.

f. Etc.

3. Free radical and colorectal cancer

Study showed normally cells stop in the cell division or replication

cycles if DNA is damaged but if P53 protein is defective in many

different types of cancer as a result of cells do not stop dividing when

DNA is damaged, leading to genomic instability. Enterococcus

faecalis is commensal bacterium inhabiting the gastrointestinal tracts


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produced extracellular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide free radical

in some people. As the free radicals react to molecules, it cause

alternation of colonic DNA and if the production become chronic, it

may leading to cancers.

4. Antioxidant and colorectal cancer

a. Vitamin E

Study found that using the combination of vitamin E and

pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate can stop the colorectal cancer cells by

bringing in a chemical arrest the cancer cell activity.

b. Beta carotene

Study showed that beta carotene plays an important role to protect

against normal crypt foci, benign and malignant tumors of rat in high

fat and variable fiber diet.

c. Salicylic acidSalicylic acid in fruit and vegetable can inhibit the risk of colorectal

cancers.

d. Grape seed extract

Researcher found that antioxidant, proanthocyanidins found in grape

seeds significantly inhibits growth of colorectal tumors in both cell

cultures and in mice.

e. Etc.

E. Breast cancerAfter skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed

in women in the United States. The rate of breast cancer has fallen in

recent years, may be due to public awareness and research funding. It

is originating from breast tissue of the inner lining of milk ducts or the

lobules that supply the ducts with milk.

1. Symptoms

a. Lump or swelling in the armpit

b. Discharge from the nipple

c. Change in the size or shape of a breast

d. Changes to the skin over the breaste. Inverted or retracted nipple

f. Crusting or scaling on the nipple

g. Pain in the nipple

h. Etc.

2. Risk factors


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a. Heredity

Certain genes such as BRCA1 or BRCA2 have been identified to

increase the risk of breast cancer.

b. Obesity

Obesity increases the risk in post menopause due to a lack of estrogen,

progesterone and HER2 protein expression, while exercise reduce it.

Women with over production of bad estrogen during the starting of

menstrual cycle are susceptible to be a high risk of breast cancer.

c. Age

Risk of breast cancer for women have never given birth or had their

first pregnancy after age 35.

d. Hormone

High levels of estradiol produced by a woman can increase the risk of

breast cancer.

e. High fat dietHigh fat diet can cause higher exposure to estrogen in fat tissue.

f. Etc.

3. Free radicals and breast cancer

Researcher found that he spread of breast cancer may be caused by

damage of the suppression gene or activation of encogenes by

hydroxyl free radicals as a result of metabolism from hydro peroxide,

probably a by product of the cycling estrogen.

4. Antioxidants and breast cancera. Lycopene

Lycopene found abundant in cooked tomatoes as a powerful

antioxidants counterbalances the detrimental oxygen free radicals

before they can damage cellular structures in the breast as well as

other types of cancer.

b. Vitamin A

Vitamin A plays an important role as an antioxidant as it scavenges

free radicals by preventing them to become cancerous. includingbreast tissues but vitamin A have had mixed results in treating cancer

according to W. Byers, Ph.D., a professor of oncology and cell

biology at Georgetown's Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center as

vitamin A may cause some breast cancer cells to form blood vessels

brings up the rather disturbing notion that treatment with these drugs

may actually stimulate tumor growth,"


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c. Vitamin C

As an antioxidant and water soluble vitamin, vitamin C can be easily

carry in blood and operate in much of the part of body. By restoring

vitamin E, vitamin A and E helps to fight against forming of free

radicals by balancing the levels of oxidants and antioxidants thus

preventing DNA damage that lead to cancer development.

d. Vitamin E

It beside is important in protecting muscle weakness, repair damage

tissues, lower blood pressure and inducing blood clotting in healing

wound, etc, it also is one of powerful antioxidant, by moving into the

fatty medium to prevent lipid peroxidation, resulting in lessening the

risk of chain reactions by curtailing them before they can starts.

f. Coenzyme Q10

Coenzyme Q10 enhances energy production by promoting the process

of the production of ATP then serving as fuel for the cells and acts an

antioxidant to prevent the elevation of lipid peroxide concentration in

the tissues, thus reducing the risk of breast cancer and other types of

cancers.

g. Etc.

F. Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is a form of cancer that develops in the prostate, a

gland in the male reproductive system. Prostate cancer usually grows

slowly and can often be cured or managed successfully, however in

the aggressive case, The cancer cells can spread from the prostate to

other parts of the body, particularly the bones and lymph nodes

1. Symptoms

a. Painful or burning sensation in urination

b. Inability to urinate or difficulty in starting urine stream

c. Inability to empty bladderd. Blood in urine

e. Continual pain in the lower back, pelvis or upper thighs

f. Frequent, urgent need to urinate

g. Erectile dysfunction

h. Problems during sexual intercourse

i. Etc


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2. Risk factors

a. Age.

Risk of prostate cancer increases with age. it may be due to wear and

tear or inability of the immune function in fighting against oxidation

of the prostate cells.

b. Heredity

Genetic alternation genes may contribute to prostate cancer risk, as

suggested by associations with race, family, and specific gene

variants. Prostate cancer occurs about 60% more often in African

American men than in white American.

c. Diet

Diet high in saturated and trans fat may be a contributing factor of

prostate cancer, as the disease is much more common in countries

where meat and dairy products are dietary staples.d. Viral

In 2006, researchers found a Xenotropic MuLV-related virus or

XMRV, with human prostate tumors.

e. Sexual transmitting diseases

Infection caused by infection with the sexually transmitted infections

chlamydia, gonorrhea, or syphilis seems to increase risk of prostate

cancer.

f. Etc.

2. Free radical and prostate cancer

Prostate cancer involves a malignant tumor growth within the prostate

gland. Recent study showed that chronic inflammation of the prostate

gland and high free radical load contribute to DNA damage and

genomic instability, leading to cancerous or benign tumors, due to

oxidative stress provoked by toxins, dietary fat consumption, or high

level of androgens, etc.. Cancerous tumours can grow through your

prostate and spread to other parts of your body through the

bloodstream or the lymph system, where they may grow and form

secondary tumours.

3. Antioxidants and prostate cancer

a. Lycopene

In a randomized study, 15 of 26 men scheduled for radical

prostatectomy for organ confined malignancy were given lycopene

supplements, 15 mg twice a day for over the 3 weeks were found to


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have smaller volume tumors and surgical margins were less likely to

be positive.

b. The manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD)

The manganese superoxide dismutase MnSOD is the cells primary

defense against free radical mediated damage by encoding an

antioxidant enzyme (SOD2).

c. Vitamin C

Dr. J. Leuchaeur, who successfully works with prostate cancer

patients, recommends as much as 60 grams (60,000mgs) per day for

prostate cancer along with a Primitive Diet. This has been used as the

entire prostate treatment as vitamin C helped to prevent the free

radical damage that is associated with cancer.

d. Vitamin E

Vitamin E beside stops the production of ROS formed when fat

undergoes oxidation, it also decreases incidence of prostate cancer.e. Carotene

By strengthening growth regulatory signsls between cells and

preventing damage prostate cells from reproducing and forming

tumors.

f. Selenium and vitamin E

The Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) is

taking place in the United States, Puerto Rico, and Canada. SELECT

is trying to find out if taking selenium and/or vitamin E supplements

can prevent prostate cancer in men age 50 or older. by protecting cells

from damage caused by unstable molecules.

g. Etc.

G. lung cancer

Lung cancer is a disease caused by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues

of the lung. This growth may lead to spreading of a disease from one

part to another non-adjacent part of the body and responsible over 1

million deaths worldwide annually.

1. Symptomsa. A cough that gets worse or doesnt go away

b. Constantly cough in a smoker or a former smoker should raise

concern for lung cancer.

c. Breathing problems

d. Wheezing or hoarseness due to blockage or inflammation in the

lungs


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e. Constant chest pain, especially when you cough

f. Coughing up blood occurs in a significant number of people having

lung cancer

g. Frequent chest infections, such as pneumonia, or an infection that

doesnt go away

h. Fatigue (feeling very tired all the time)

j. Unexplained weight loss

k. Etc.

2. Risk factors

a. Smoking

Cigarette contains over 60 diferences chemicals which can cause

cancers. Its nicotine appears to depress the immune response to

malignant growths in exposed tissue. Second hand smoke can also be

a cause of lung cancer in nonsmokers. Study showed that the risk oflung cancer also rise with the numbers of cigarette smoke daily.

b. Virus

Some virus such as human papillomavirus (by infecting in the

stratified epithelium of the skin or mucous membranes),JC virus

(causing immunodeficiency), simian virus (SV40) (a DNA virus that

has the potential to cause tumors), BK virus (may cause

immunocompromised and the immunosuppressed), and human

cytomegalovirus(can be life-threatening for the immunocompromised)

can cause lung cancer by affecting the cell cycle and inhibit apoptosis,

that allow uncontrolled cell division.

c. Concentration of particles

Only 1% increase of concentration of particles increases the risk of

developing a lung cancer by 14%.

d. Heredity

Some people have preposition to the certain diseases, including lung

cancer.

e. Occupation

Occupation expose yourself in heavy metals, radiation, asbestos,

pollutant environment can increase the risk of lung cancer.

f. Etc.


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3. Free radical and lung cancer

As we mentioned inprevious, one puff of cigarette cause countless

numbers of free radicals and chain of uncontrolled free radical

generation until it is brought to stop. Study found that smoking

a. Activates phagocytes, leading to additional oxidated stress,

b. Increases production of the aberrant 8-hydroxydioxy-guanine,

leading to basal DNA damage to circulating lymphocypes and

c. Promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis, due to other oxidants

in the cigarette.

4. Antioxidant and lung cancer

Study from Finland is reported in the American Journal of

Epidemiology in September 2002 found

a. Fruit and vegetableA high fruit and vegetable intake reduced risk of lung cancer by 27

percent

b. Carotene and Lycopene

Eating foods contain high amount of carotene and lycopene decrease

the risk of lung cancer by 28%.

c. Vitamin A

Higher blood levels of vitamin A reduced risk by 27 percent

Other studies found

d. Vitamin C

smokers consumed less than 90mg of vitamin C are 1.5 time more

likely to develop lung cancer compare to those taking 140 mg per day.

e. Vitamin C and E

Fruits and vegetable contains high amount of vitamin C and E reduce

the risk of lung cancer development.

f. Etc.

Recommended readingSuper Food Library

The Nature Super Food For Health Living and Longevity

And Look 10-20 Years Younger Than Your Biological Age

For more information of all other healthiest foods, visit

http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/
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Anti-Aging: How to Live Longer & Healthier - Part II –Free Radicals & Antioxidants & Cancers