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AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils

AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology 2006-2007 Lipids energy storage

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Page 1: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology 2006-2007 Lipids energy storage

AP Biology

Lipids: Fats & Oils

Page 2: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology 2006-2007 Lipids energy storage

AP Biology

Page 3: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology 2006-2007 Lipids energy storage

AP Biology 2006-2007

Lipidsenergy storage

Page 4: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology 2006-2007 Lipids energy storage

AP Biology

Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O 4 groups:

fats oils waxes steroids

Do not form polymers big molecules made of smaller subunits not a continuing chain

Page 5: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology 2006-2007 Lipids energy storage

AP Biology

Lipids Six functions of lipids:1. Long term energy storage2. Protection against heat loss (insulation)3. Protection against physical shock4. Protection against water loss5. Chemical messengers (hormones)6. Major component of membranes (phospholipids)

Page 6: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology 2006-2007 Lipids energy storage

AP Biology

Fats store energy Function:

energy storage 2x energy of

carbohydrates cushion organs insulates body

think whale blubber!

Why do humanslike fatty foods?

Page 7: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology 2006-2007 Lipids energy storage

AP Biology

Fat subunits Structure:

glycerol (3C alcohol) + fatty acid

dehydration synthesis

fatty acid = long “tail” with COOH group at “head”

Page 8: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology 2006-2007 Lipids energy storage

Fatty Acid Structure

• Carboxyl group (COOH) forms the acid.• “R” group is a hydrocarbon chain (chain of hydrogens and carbons).

Page 9: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology 2006-2007 Lipids energy storage

A Representative Fatty Acid

Hydrocarbon Group

CarboxylGroup

Page 10: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology 2006-2007 Lipids energy storage

AP Biology

Saturated fats All C bonded to H No C=C double bonds

long, straight chain most animal fats solid at room temp.

contributes to cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis) = plaque deposits

Page 11: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology 2006-2007 Lipids energy storage

SaturatedFatty Acid

UnsaturatedFatty Acid

Page 12: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology 2006-2007 Lipids energy storage

AP Biology

Unsaturated fats C=C double bonds in

the fatty acids plant & fish fats vegetable oils liquid at room temperature

the kinks made by doublebonded C prevent the molecules from packing tightly together

mono-unsaturated?poly-unsaturated?

Page 13: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology 2006-2007 Lipids energy storage

AP Biology

Saturated vs. unsaturatedsaturated unsaturated

Page 14: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology 2006-2007 Lipids energy storage

AP Biology

Waxes

• Ear wax – protection from foreign materials/ invaders (such as insects)

• Wax coating on leaves – forms a barrier to keep water in leaves

Page 15: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology 2006-2007 Lipids energy storage

AP Biology

Steroids

Cholesterol Found in cell membranes – keeps them

flexible Hormones (chemical messengers)

Page 16: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology 2006-2007 Lipids energy storage

AP Biology

Quiz1. What are the four types of lipids ?

2. Name as many functions of lipids as possible (6).

3. What is the difference in saturated & unsaturated ?

4. How could you tell the difference in saturated & unsaturated by looking at an item ?

5. What is healthier, saturated or unsaturated fats ?

6. Lipids contain more energy than carbs, so why are carbs are primary energy source ?

7. What is the monomer & polymer of lipids ?

8. Structurally, how do you tell the difference in carbs & lipids ?

Page 17: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology 2006-2007 Lipids energy storage

AP Biology

Answers1. Fats, oils, waxes, & steroids

2. Energy storage, insulation, protection from water loss, protection against physical shocks, chemical messengers, component of cell membranes

3. C=C double bonds are in unsaturated

4. Saturated are solid at room temp., unsaturated are liquid at room temp.

5. unsaturated

6. Lipids are harder to break down, because they are insoluble in water

7. Technically, there are not monomers & polymers

8. Both contain C,H, & O, but in carbs they are in a 1:2:1 ratio