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AP World History: Multiple Choice
Questions -Time Period 4
1450 - 1750 C.E.
“Sir, many of our people, keenly desirous of the wares and things of your Kingdom, which are brought here by your people, and in order to satisfy their voracious appetite, seize many of our people, freed and exempt men, and they kidnap even nobles and the sons of nobles, and our relatives, and take them to be sold to the Whites who are in our Kingdoms.”
1. The quotation above comes from a 1526 letter to a European monarch from a king located:
a) on the eastern coast of Africab) on the western coast of Africac) on the Pacific coast of Central Americad) on the Pacific coast of South America
“Sir, many of our people, keenly desirous of the wares and things of your Kingdom, which are brought here by your people, and in order to satisfy their voracious appetite, seize many of our people, freed and exempt men, and they kidnap even nobles and the sons of nobles, and our relatives, and take them to be sold to the Whites who are in our Kingdoms.”
1. The quotation above comes from a 1526 letter to a European monarch from a king located:
a) on the eastern coast of Africab) on the western coast of Africac) on the Pacific coast of Central Americad) on the Pacific coast of South America
2. Between 1500 and 1800, Europeans were primarily interested in tropical colonies in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and in the Caribbean because:
a) Large profits could be made from products like sugar, coffee, and pepper
b) The major European states were competing with each other for imperial hegemony
c) These colonies had strategic military importanced) These areas had small populations and were thus easy to
control
2. Between 1500 and 1800, Europeans were primarily interested in tropical colonies in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and in the Caribbean because:
a) Large profits could be made from products like sugar, coffee, and pepper
b) The major European states were competing with each other for imperial hegemony
c) These colonies had strategic military importanced) These areas had small populations and were thus easy to
control
3. Which of the following was the most important factor enabling the Spanish to defeat the Aztec Empire?
a) The Spanish were able to field larger armies than the Aztecs
b) The Spanish were able to exploit discontent within the Aztec state to trigger a revolt of the lower classes against the Aztec ruling class.
c) The Spanish were able to form military alliances with other indigenous peoples who were enemies of the Aztecs.
d) The Spanish were able to devise effective countermeasures to the horse cavalry that formed the bulk of the Aztec army.
3. Which of the following was the most important factor enabling the Spanish to defeat the Aztec Empire?
a) The Spanish were able to field larger armies than the Aztecs
b) The Spanish were able to exploit discontent within the Aztec state to trigger a revolt of the lower classes against the Aztec ruling class.
c) The Spanish were able to form military alliances with other indigenous peoples who were enemies of the Aztecs.
d) The Spanish were able to devise effective countermeasures to the horse cavalry that formed the bulk of the Aztec army.
4. Which of the following are states that dominated the Mediterranean trade during the sixteenth century?
a) Italian city-states and the Ottoman Empire
b) The Byzantine Empire and the Ottoman Empire
c) Spain and Portugal
d) The Hapsburg Empire and France
4. Which of the following are states that dominated the Mediterranean trade during the sixteenth century?
a) Italian city-states and the Ottoman Empire
b) The Byzantine Empire and the Ottoman Empire
c) Spain and Portugal
d) The Hapsburg Empire and France
5. The success of the European powers in penetrating the Asian trading system by 1600 can best be explained by the
a) Asian demand for luxury goods
b) high demand for European agricultural produce in China and India
c) lower prices of European manufactured products
d) opening of rich silver mines in Peru and Mexico
5. The success of the European powers in penetrating the Asian trading system by 1600 can best be explained by the
a) Asian demand for luxury goods
b) high demand for European agricultural produce in China and India
c) lower prices of European manufactured products
d) opening of rich silver mines in Peru and Mexico
6. In the period 1550-1750, most of the world’s ten largest cities were located in which of the following regions?
a) Western Europe
b) North Africa and southern Europe
c) South Asia
d) East Asia
6. In the period 1550-1750, most of the world’s ten largest cities were located in which of the following regions?
a) Western Europe
b) North Africa and southern Europe
c) South Asia
d) East Asia
7. Which of the following contributed most to the emergence of Russia as an expanding Eurasian power in the period between 1450 and 1750?
a) Its absorption of traditions and technology from the Byzantine Empire and western Europe
b) Its success in creating alliances with European powers to expel Turkish invaders from the south.
c) The eradication of Islam from Central Asiad) The use of its strong navy to acquire colonial
holdings worldwide
7. Which of the following contributed most to the emergence of Russia as an expanding Eurasian power in the period between 1450 and 1750?
a) Its absorption of traditions and technology from the Byzantine Empire and western Europe
b) Its success in creating alliances with European powers to expel Turkish invaders from the south.
c) The eradication of Islam from Central Asiad) The use of its strong navy to acquire colonial
holdings worldwide
8. Which of the following resulted from the arrival of western Europeans in India and China during the time period 1450 to 1750?
a) The spread of infectious diseases in India and China and a drastic drop in their populations
b) The establishment of small European enclaves in India and China
c) A massive drain on silver and gold from India and China
d) A major disruption of the economies of India and China
8. Which of the following resulted from the arrival of western Europeans in India and China during the time period 1450 to 1750?
a) The spread of infectious diseases in India and China and a drastic drop in their populations
b) The establishment of small European enclaves in India and China
c) A massive drain on silver and gold from India and China
d) A major disruption of the economies of India and China
9. All of the following were characteristics of western Europe in the 1400s and 1500s except:
a) the growth of capitalism
b) the decline of the feudal system
c) an increasingly urban population
d) the continued strength of the Roman Catholic Church
9. All of the following were characteristics of western Europe in the 1400s and 1500s except:
a) the growth of capitalism
b) the decline of the feudal system
c) an increasingly urban population
d) the continued strength of the Roman Catholic Church
10. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between European and Asian commercial interests in the 1500s?
a) Europeans took over the Asian trading network by force.
b) Europeans imposed a monopoly system on the spice trade.
c) Europeans abandoned any idea of colonizing or trading directly with Asians in favor of using Asian intermediaries.
d) Europeans found, after trial and error, that the only way to benefit from the Asian trading network was to join it as a peaceful partner.
10. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between European and Asian commercial interests in the 1500s?
a) Europeans took over the Asian trading network by force.
b) Europeans imposed a monopoly system on the spice trade.
c) Europeans abandoned any idea of colonizing or trading directly with Asians in favor of using Asian intermediaries.
d) Europeans found, after trial and error, that the only way to benefit from the Asian trading network was to join it as a peaceful partner.
11. Which statement most accurately describes Peter the Great’s approach to reforming Russia?
a) He reorganized the bureaucracy but did not touch the military.
b) He adopted some aspects of western European political organization, such as political parties.
c) His many reforms improved the life of the serfs, although he did not end the practice.
d) He used his modernization efforts to tighten his control over the country.
11. Which statement most accurately describes Peter the Great’s approach to reforming Russia?
a) He reorganized the bureaucracy but did not touch the military.
b) He adopted some aspects of western European political organization, such as political parties.
c) His many reforms improved the life of the serfs, although he did not end the practice.
d) He used his modernization efforts to tighten his control over the country.
12. All of the following are true about the Enlightenment except:
a) The Enlightenment spawned the Scientific Revolution
b) Enlightenment thinkers believed in the power of reason to discover natural law.
c) Enlightenment thinkers owed much to the earlier Scholasticism for their view of the value of education.
d) The influence of the Enlightenment can be seen in the Latin American independence movements of the early 1800s.
12. All of the following are true about the Enlightenment except:
a) The Enlightenment spawned the Scientific Revolution
b) Enlightenment thinkers believed in the power of reason to discover natural law.
c) Enlightenment thinkers owed much to the earlier Scholasticism for their view of the value of education.
d) The influence of the Enlightenment can be seen in the Latin American independence movements of the early 1800s.
13. Compared to European exploration in the Indian Ocean, that of the Chinese:
a) used fewer and smaller ships.
b) covered shorter distances.
c) was designed to establish a military presence.
d) gained strength after the mid-1430s.
13. Compared to European exploration in the Indian Ocean, that of the Chinese:
a) used fewer and smaller ships.
b) covered shorter distances.
c) was designed to establish a military presence.
d) gained strength after the mid-1430s.
14. Between 1450 and 1750, European voyages of exploration:
a) were designed to break Italian and Muslim trade monopolies.
b) were carried out without knowledge of oceanic conditions.
c) were confined to the Atlantic Ocean.
d) opened up trade relations with Polynesian islanders.
14. Between 1450 and 1750, European voyages of exploration:
a) were designed to break Italian and Muslim trade monopolies.
b) were carried out without knowledge of oceanic conditions.
c) were confined to the Atlantic Ocean.
d) opened up trade relations with Polynesian islanders.
15. Which of the following was true of the cultures of Ming and Qing China?
a) The concept of filial piety was abandoned.
b) The Chinese were introduced to American food crops.
c) Both boys and girls were allowed to take the civil service exams.
d) China developed an egalitarian society.
15. Which of the following was true of the cultures of Ming and Qing China?
a) The concept of filial piety was abandoned.
b) The Chinese were introduced to American food crops.
c) Both boys and girls were allowed to take the civil service exams.
d) China developed an egalitarian society.
16. Which of the following statements about Renaissance is NOT accurate?
a)The Renaissance challenged medieval intellectual values and styles
b)The Renaissance encouraged a brasher spirit that may have helped create a new Western interest in exploring
c)The Renaissance failed to develop any new ideas concerning political organization
d)The Renaissance had a southern and northern phase
16. Which of the following statements about Renaissance is NOT accurate?
a)The Renaissance challenged medieval intellectual values and styles
b)The Renaissance encouraged a brasher spirit that may have helped create a new Western interest in exploring
c)The Renaissance failed to develop any new ideas concerning political organization
d)The Renaissance had a southern and northern phase
17. Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the Renaissance?
a) re-emphasis on the culture of antiquity
b) search for balance and proportion in politics
c) strong anti-Christian sentiment
d) confidence in human rationality
17. Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the Renaissance?
a) re-emphasis on the culture of antiquity
b) search for balance and proportion in politics
c) strong anti-Christian sentiment
d) confidence in human rationality
18. Chinese naval expeditions were abruptly ended in 1433 because
a)Zheng He was suspected of building his personal power
b)maintaining the fleet was considered a needless waste of national resources
c) the voyages had led to several humiliating defeats
d)the large Chinese vessels proved to be unseaworthy
18. Chinese naval expeditions were abruptly ended in 1433 because
a)Zheng He was suspected of building his personal power
b)maintaining the fleet was considered a needless waste of national resources
c) the voyages had led to several humiliating defeats
d)the large Chinese vessels proved to be unseaworthy
19. The first European country to enter into direct trade with the Far East and establish colonies there was:
a) Spain
b) Britain
c) Portugal
d) Holland
19. The first European country to enter into direct trade with the Far East and establish colonies there was:
a) Spain
b) Britain
c) Portugal
d) Holland
20. By the 16th century the center of commercial activity had shifted from the Mediterranean to the:
a) Atlantic Ocean
b) Indian Ocean
c) Baltic Sea
d) North Sea
20. By the 16th century the center of commercial activity had shifted from the Mediterranean to the:
a) Atlantic Ocean
b) Indian Ocean
c) Baltic Sea
d) North Sea
21. All of the following helped cause the Age of European Exploration EXCEPT:
a) technological advances making long sea voyages possible
b) the desire to spread Christianityc) the Mughals' continued encroachment
into Central Europed) Ottoman expansion threatening access
to the goods of the East
21. All of the following helped cause the Age of European Exploration EXCEPT:
a) technological advances making long sea voyages possible
b) the desire to spread Christianityc) the Mughals' continued encroachment
into Central Europed) Ottoman expansion threatening access
to the goods of the East
22. All of the following were causes of the Scientific Revolution EXCEPT:
a) improvements in scientific instruments
b) the contributions of medieval universities
c) the recovery of classical scholarship during the Renaissance
d) the active support of the papacy
22. All of the following were causes of the Scientific Revolution EXCEPT:
a) improvements in scientific instruments
b) the contributions of medieval universities
c) the recovery of classical scholarship during the Renaissance
d) the active support of the papacy
23. The Hanseatic League monopolized trade in the:
a) Mediterranean Sea
b) English Channel
c) Baltic and North Seas
d) Adriatic and Black Seas
23. The Hanseatic League monopolized trade in the:
a) Mediterranean Sea
b) English Channel
c) Baltic and North Seas
d) Adriatic and Black Seas
24. The Reformation influenced the development of the modern world primarily by:
a) reducing the power of the state over the lives of ordinary people
b) providing some justification for challenging the absolute authority of kings
c) discouraging the growth of capitalism, which was criticized as being too worldly and materialistic
d) believing in complete religious freedom for everyone
24. The Reformation influenced the development of the modern world primarily by:
a) reducing the power of the state over the lives of ordinary people
b) providing some justification for challenging the absolute authority of kings
c) discouraging the growth of capitalism, which was criticized as being too worldly and materialistic
d) believing in complete religious freedom for everyone
25. The Spanish term Reconquista refers to which of the following:
a) Spain's victory over the French in northern Italy
b) the defeat of the Islamic states on the Iberian peninsula
c) the long sought trade agreement with Portugal
d) the sailing of the Armada against England
25. The Spanish term Reconquista refers to which of the following:
a) Spain's victory over the French in northern Italy
b) the defeat of the Islamic states on the Iberian peninsula
c) the long sought trade agreement with Portugal
d) the sailing of the Armada against England
26. One of the most significant impacts of sugar cane production on global
economies was
a)widespread deterioration in diet and nutrition
b)the increased demand for slave labor
c)increased demand for tea and coffee
d)increased demand for other luxury goods, such as porcelain
26. One of the most significant impacts of sugar cane production on global
economies was
a)widespread deterioration in diet and nutrition
b)the increased demand for slave labor
c)increased demand for tea and coffee
d)increased demand for other luxury goods, such as porcelain
27. The labor system that compelled Indians to work in Spanish mines and fields in exchange for protection and Christian conversion was known as
a) the encomienda system
b) the hacienda
c) slavery
d) indentured servitude
27. The labor system that compelled Indians to work in Spanish mines and fields in exchange for protection and Christian conversion was known as
a) the encomienda system
b) the hacienda
c) slavery
d) indentured servitude
28. One significant difference in the administration of English colonies compared to their Spanish counterparts was
a) the Spanish crown was less actively involved in the government of their colonies
b) English governors were elected directly by the colonists, while Spanish viceroys were appointed by the crown
c) Spanish colonies had powerful local assemblies, while the English did not
d) English colonies were often financed by private investors, who retained control over colonial affairs
28. One significant difference in the administration of English colonies compared to their Spanish counterparts was
a) the Spanish crown was less actively involved in the government of their colonies
b) English governors were elected directly by the colonists, while Spanish viceroys were appointed by the crown
c) Spanish colonies had powerful local assemblies, while the English did not
d) English colonies were often financed by private investors, who retained control over colonial affairs
29. Spanish colonization of the New World was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
a) ruthless exploitation of the Native Americans
b) establishing African slavery in the Americas
c) reliance of large families as settlers.d) the creation of large agricultural
plantations
29. Spanish colonization of the New World was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
a) ruthless exploitation of the Native Americans
b) establishing African slavery in the Americas
c) reliance of large families as settlers.d) the creation of large agricultural
plantations
30. European exploration of the Americas resulted in all of the following EXCEPT the
a)spread of European diseases, such as smallpox, to the Native Americans
b)introduction of new products to Europe
c)development of unified resistance by the Native Americans to European settlement
d)mixed-race peoples in Mexico and Central America
30. European exploration of the Americas resulted in all of the following EXCEPT the
a)spread of European diseases, such as smallpox, to the Native Americans
b)introduction of new products to Europe
c)development of unified resistance by the Native Americans to European settlement
d)mixed-race peoples in Mexico and Central America
31. The Mughal Empire is distinguished from the Ottomans and Safavids mostly because it was
a) A democracy
b) A Hindu land ruled by Muslims
c) Not very war-like
d) Heavily influenced by the Chinese
31. The Mughal Empire is distinguished from the Ottomans and Safavids mostly because it was
a) A democracy
b) A Hindu land ruled by Muslims
c) Not very war-like
d) Heavily influenced by the Chinese
32. Why did the Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal Empires decline simultaneously?
a) Inability to adjust to the changes in military technology and the world economy
b) Natural disasters
c) The bubonic plague
d) Declining birth rates combined with fertility problems
32. Why did the Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal Empires decline simultaneously?
a) Inability to adjust to the changes in military technology and the world economy
b) Natural disasters
c) The bubonic plague
d) Declining birth rates combined with fertility problems
33. How did the growth of a centralized Russian Empire affect the peasants?
a) Peasants became serfs, people who were tied to the land.
b) Peasants were deported and sent to gulags.
c) Peasants could move freely at any time to improve their lot in life.
d) Peasants’ standard of living improved to a “middle class” level.
33. How did the growth of a centralized Russian Empire affect the peasants?
a) Peasants became serfs, people who were tied to the land.
b) Peasants were deported and sent to gulags.
c) Peasants could move freely at any time to improve their lot in life.
d) Peasants’ standard of living improved to a “middle class” level.
34. The Janissaries were
a) Slave women who lived in the sultan’s harem
b) Christian boys taken from conquered territories and raised as special forces
c) Regional administrators, who were granted autonomy in exchange for loyalty
d) Armored, light cavalry
34. The Janissaries were
a) Slave women who lived in the sultan’s harem
b) Christian boys taken from conquered territories and raised as special forces
c) Regional administrators, who were granted autonomy in exchange for loyalty
d) Armored, light cavalry
35. A comparison of maritime voyages of the Europeans in the late 15th and 16th centuries with the voyages China’s Zheng He illustrates:
a) the larger and more technologically superior fleets that the Europeans could muster in the 15th century
b)Europeans had a greater capacity for overseas expansion than the Chinese did at the same time
c) there was more incentive and long-term support among Europeans for exploration and overseas trade.
d) importance of the support of the scholar-gentry for maritime voyages in China.
35. A comparison of maritime voyages of the Europeans in the late 15th and 16th centuries with the voyages China’s Zheng He illustrates:
a) the larger and more technologically superior fleets that the Europeans could muster in the 15th century
b)Europeans had a greater capacity for overseas expansion than the Chinese did at the same time
c) there was more incentive and long-term support among Europeans for exploration and overseas trade.
d) importance of the support of the scholar-gentry for maritime voyages in China.
36. The Dutch established themselves in the East Indies by
a)promising free trade to any interested traders in the region
b)destroying competitors in order to monopolize the spice trade
c)destroying pirates in the region and protecting the security of all
d)allying with local Chinese merchants
36. The Dutch established themselves in the East Indies by
a)promising free trade to any interested traders in the region
b)destroying competitors in order to monopolize the spice trade
c)destroying pirates in the region and protecting the security of all
d)allying with local Chinese merchants
37. During the Age of Absolutism (1600s and 1700s), European monarchies sought to
a)increase human rights for their citizens.
b)centralize political power in their nations.
c)develop better relations with Muslim rulers.
d)Decentralize power so that it was shared among the nobles.
37. During the Age of Absolutism (1600s and 1700s), European monarchies sought to
a)increase human rights for their citizens.
b)centralize political power in their nations.
c)develop better relations with Muslim rulers.
d)Decentralize power so that it was shared among the nobles.
38. What was the demographic impact of the slave trade on Africa?
a)The slave trade exported millions, but the loss was made up as a result of the natural reproduction of the Africans.
b)Population in Africa seems to have grown at a higher than average rate.
c)The slave trade had the impact of skewing the population of central Africa in favor of a disproportional number of women.
d)Because men were stronger, they tended to avoid capture and made up a high percentage of central Africa's population.
38. What was the demographic impact of the slave trade on Africa?
a)The slave trade exported millions, but the loss was made up as a result of the natural reproduction of the Africans.
b)Population in Africa seems to have grown at a higher than average rate.
c)The slave trade had the impact of skewing the population of central Africa in favor of a disproportional number of women.
d)Because men were stronger, they tended to avoid capture and made up a high percentage of central Africa's population.
39. In the 16th century, the Reformation led to
a)increasing peace and stability in Europe
b)religious warfare between Protestants and Catholics
c)greater support for the Church among all Christians
d)widespread secularization
39. In the 16th century, the Reformation led to
a)increasing peace and stability in Europe
b)religious warfare between Protestants and Catholics
c)greater support for the Church among all Christians
d)widespread secularization
40. An observation that could be made about the Ottoman Empire in the 1400s and 1500s is that the empire
a)had control over the Indian sub-continent.
b)had a strategic location between Europe and Asia.
c)was totally landlocked.
d)had control over most of Western Europe.
40. An observation that could be made about the Ottoman Empire in the 1400s and 1500s is that the empire
a)had control over the Indian sub-continent.
b)had a strategic location between Europe and Asia.
c)was totally landlocked.
d)had control over most of Western Europe.
41. A lasting impact of Latin American pre-Columbian civilizations was that these cultures
a)influenced art and architecture of later
societies. b)created a unified culture that resisted
European rule.c)encouraged social mobility. d)developed the first representative
democracies in Latin America.
41. A lasting impact of Latin American pre-Columbian civilizations was that these cultures
a)influenced art and architecture of later
societies. b)created a unified culture that resisted
European rule.c)encouraged social mobility. d)developed the first representative
democracies in Latin America.
42. According to the theory of mercantilism, colonies should be
a)acquired as markets and sources of raw materials.
b)allowed to trade freely with other powers.
c)granted independence as soon as possible.
d)encouraged to develop their own industries.
42. According to the theory of mercantilism, colonies should be
a)acquired as markets and sources of raw materials.
b)allowed to trade freely with other powers.
c)granted independence as soon as possible.
d)encouraged to develop their own industries.
43. Which of the following represents a similarity between the Ottomans and the Safavids?
a)Both recruited regiments from slave boys.
b)Each empire extended their territories into eastern Europe.
c)Both empires lacked substantial non-Muslim minorities.
d)Both empires had their geographical origins in Anatolia.
43. Which of the following represents a similarity between the Ottomans and the Safavids?
a)Both recruited regiments from slave boys.
b)Each empire extended their territories into eastern Europe.
c)Both empires lacked substantial non-Muslim minorities.
d)Both empires had their geographical origins in Anatolia.
44. Which of the following represents an impact of the Mongol control of Russia?
a)increasing significance of Roman Catholicism
b)mass conversion from Eastern Orthodoxy to Islam
c)rise of Moscow’s power
d)closer links with the West
44. Which of the following represents an impact of the Mongol control of Russia?
a)increasing significance of Roman Catholicism
b)mass conversion from Eastern Orthodoxy to Islam
c)rise of Moscow’s power
d)closer links with the West
45. What most aided Hernan Cortes in his conquest of the Aztec Empire?
a)The decayed state of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan
b)Belief that the spread of smallpox was due to supernatural forces
c)Resentment towards the Aztecs by many Amerindians
d)The large size of Cortes’ army
45. What most aided Hernan Cortes in his conquest of the Aztec Empire?
a)The decayed state of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan
b)Belief that the spread of smallpox was due to supernatural forces
c)Resentment towards the Aztecs by many Amerindians
d)The large size of Cortes’ army
46. In Latin America during the early period of Spanish colonialism, the deaths of large numbers of native people led to
a)a decline in Spanish immigration to the Americas.
b)the removal of most Spanish troops from the Americas.
c)the importation of slaves from Africa.
d)improved health care in the colonies.
46. In Latin America during the early period of Spanish colonialism, the deaths of large numbers of native people led to
a)a decline in Spanish immigration to the Americas.
b)the removal of most Spanish troops from the Americas.
c)the importation of slaves from Africa.
d)improved health care in the colonies.
47. During the 18th century, European wars became increasingly mercantilist. That means
a)merchants became soldiers and fought against each other
b)countries fought each other as they pursued colonies and control of trade routes.
c)state funding for wars depended on the support of merchants
d)wars were fought between rival trading companies rather than between states
47. During the 18th century, European wars became increasingly mercantilist. That means
a)merchants became soldiers and fought against each other
b)countries fought each other as they pursued colonies and control of trade routes.
c)state funding for wars depended on the support of merchants
d)wars were fought between rival trading companies rather than between states
