APA Citation StyleJIBC Library February 2011

Remindersy

Sources to cite:Information from books, articles, newspapers, websites, films, e-mails, lectures, radio & TV shows Cite your sources in-text & in your Reference List BOTH places Use quotation marks for direct quotations(except if 40 or more words)

Dont use quotation marks for paraphrases

More Remindersy y

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Double-space your Reference List Alphabetize your Reference List by authors/editors Last Names (if no author, alphabetize by first Title word other than A, An, The) Use authors initials instead of first names The MAIN OBJECTIVES are to give credit to your sources AND for your reader to be able to find the material you have used

FINAL REMINDERFor more detailed information, refer to: y Getting Started with APA Style 6th Edition Handout y JIBC Library webpage http://www.jibc.ca/library/ y Go to Subject Guides APA Citationy

ININ-TEXT CITATIONSHow to credit your sources in the body of your paper

Citing your SourcesIn-text citations appear within the text of your paper y In-text citations may be either direct quotes or paraphrased information y Direct quotes use quotation marks and include a page or paragraph number y See the following slides for examplesy

In-text Citation - Direct Quote InWatson (2007) explained that it is very important to learn how to cite using the APA style (p. 22). y OR y According to the librarian, it is very important to learn how to cite using the APA style (Watson, 2007, p. 22).y

In-text Citation - Paraphrase InAccording to Appleby and Peach (2006), fruits and vegetables are generally accepted as the healthiest choices for dessert. y OR y Fruits and vegetables are generally accepted as the healthiest choices for dessert (Appleby & Peach, 2006).y

PRINT RESOURCESHow to cite print resources in your Reference List

Book 1 or 2 authorsJacobs, E., & Spadaro, N. (2003). Leading groups in corrections: Skills and techniques. Lanham, MD: American Correctional Association. y In-text direct quote: (Jacobs & Spadaro, 2003, p. 219) y In-text paraphrase: (Jacobs & Spadaro, 2003)y

3 5 Authorsy

y y y y

Whitelaw, B., Parent, R. B., & Griffiths, C. T. (2004). Community-based strategic policing in Canada (2nd ed.). Toronto, ON: Thomson Nelson. First in-text direct quote: (Whitelaw, Parent, & Griffiths, 2004, p. 110) Subsequent: (Whitelaw et al., 2004, pp. 234-235) First in-text paraphrase: (Whitelaw, Parent, & Griffiths, 2004). Subsequent: (Whitelaw et al., 2004)

6 7 Authorsy

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Dipiro, J. T., Talbert, R. L.,Yee, G. C., Matzke, G. R., Wells, B. G., & Posey, L. M. (2008). Pharmacotherapy. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Medical. First & subsequent citations: (Dipiro et al., 2008, p.565) First & subsequent citations: (Dipiro et al., 2008)

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If more than 7 authors, see Print Article example

Other Examples Authored Booksy

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Mayer, B. (2000). The dynamics of conflict resolution: A practitioners guide. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Kotter, J. P. (1996). Leading change. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Senge, P., Scharmer, C. O., Jaworski, J., & Flowers, B. S. (2005). Presence: Exploring profound change in people, organizations, and society. New York, NY: Doubleday.

Authored Books continuedy

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Fisher, R., Ury, W., & Patton, B. (1991). Getting to yes: Negotiating agreement without giving in (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Penguin. Fisher, R., & Brown, S. (1989). Getting together: Building relationships as we negotiate. New York, NY: Penguin. Ury, W. (1993). Getting past no: Negotiating your way from confrontation to cooperation (Rev. ed.). New York, NY: Bantam.

Edited Booky

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Fridell, L., & Wycoff, M. A. (Eds.). (2004). Community policing:The past, present and future. Washington, DC: Anne E. Casey Foundation and Police Executive Research Forum. In-text direct quote: (Fridell & Wycoff, 2004, p. 33) In-text paraphrase: (Fridell & Wycoff, 2004)

Books - EditedMasie, E. (Ed.). (2005). Learning: Rants, raves, and reflections. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer. y Folger, J. P., & Jones, T. S. (Eds.). (1994). New directions in mediation: Communication research and perspectives. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.y

Chapter in Edited Booky

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Sutker, S. (2005). Are you a vendor or a partner? In E. Masie (Ed.), Learning: Rants, raves, and reflections (pp. 57-65). San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer. Donohue,W. A., & Bresnahan, M. I. (1994). In J. P. Folger & T. S. Jones (Eds.), New directions in mediation: Communication research and perspectives (pp. 135-158). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Chapter in Edited Book or Anthologyy

Stephens, D. (2004). The challenges to the future of community policing. In L. Fridell and M. A. Wycoff (Eds.), Community policing:The past, present, and future (pp. 193-205). Washington, DC: Anne E. Casey Foundation and Police Executive Research Forum.

In-text Chapter in Edited Book InIn-text direct quote: (Stephens, 2004, p. 200) y In-text paraphrase: (Stephens, 2004)y

No authorWebsters ninth new collegiate dictionary (9th ed.). (1988). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. y In-text direct quote: (Websters ninth new collegiate dictionary, 1988, p. 24) y In-text paraphrase: (Websters ninth new collegiate dictionary, 1988)y

Book No Authory

Business leadership: A Jossey-Bass reader. (2003). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Print Journal Articley

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Richardson, D. S. & Hammock, G. S. (2007). Social context of human aggression: Are we paying too much attention to gender? Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12(4), 417426. In-text direct quote: (Richardson & Hammock, 2007, p. 419) In-text paraphrase: (Richardson & Hammock, 2007)

Print Journal ArticleZittrain, J. (2007). Saving the internet. Harvard Business Review, 85(6), 4959. y In-text direct quote: (Zittrain, 2007, p. 50) y In-text paraphrase: (Zittrain, 2007)y

Journal Article More than 7 Authorsy y

Include first 6 authors, then an ellipses () and the last name in the group. Wolchik, S. A., West, S. G., Sandler, I. N., Tein, J., Coatsworth, D., Lengua, L., Griffin,W. A. (2000). An experimental evaluation of theory-based mother and mother-child programs for children of divorce. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(5), 843-856.

More than 7 Authors In-Text InCitationsy y

First & subsequent in-text direct quotes:(Wolchik et al., 2000, p. 845)

First & subsequent in-text paraphrase:(Wolchik, et al., 2000)

Newsletter Article no authorTreatment for anxiety can promote healing. (2007, June). Mind, Mood & Memory, 3(6) pp. 1, 6. y In-text direct quote: (Treatment for anxiety, 2007, p. 1) y In-text paraphrase: (Treatment for anxiety, 2007) (Reference List alphabetize by first word of title)y

Newspaper Article with AuthorRolfsen, C. (2007, June 4). High streamflow advisory for Fraser. Vancouver Sun, pp. B1, B4. y In-text direct quote: (Rolfsen, 2007, p. B4) y In-text paraphrase: (Rolfsen, 2007)y y

Kirkey, S. (2007, June 4). Hostility may be harder on lungs than lighting up. Vancouver Sun, p. A3.

Newspaper Article No Authory y y

Chemical spill kills fish. (2009, July 25). Vancouver Province, p. A22. In-text direct quote: (Chemical spill kills fish, 2009, A22) In-text paraphrase: (Chemical spill kills fish, 2009) Dailies & Weeklies: include Year, Month Day (e.g. 2008, July 8) note that p. or pp. is used to indicate page number(s) for newspaper articles

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Government DocumentThis is an example of a Government Document where the Author & the Publisher are the same y Statistics Canada. (2003). Child and spousal support, maintenance enforcement survey statistics (Cat No. 85-228-XIE). Ottawa, ON: Author.y

ONLINE RESOURCES in your Reference ListHow to cite material that you locate on the Internet

Journal Article from DatabaseMany journal articles have a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) which is now used in references y Use DOI instead of database name or URL if provided. y Include the DOI at the end of a reference as follows:y

Author, A. (Year). Title of work. Journal Title, Volume(Issue), p. xx. doi: xxxxxxxxxxxx

Journal Article from Databaseno DOIy

Kerfoot, K. (2007). Staff engagement: It starts with the leader. Nursing Economics, 25(1), 47-48. Retrieved from http://www.nursingeconomics.net/cgibin/WebObjects/NECJournal.woa

(In general, do not include database names, but do add the URL for the journals publisher. This can be usually be found easily with a quick web search)y y

In-text direct quote: (Kerfoot, 2007, p. 47) In-text paraphrase: (Kerfoot, 2007)

Journal Article from Databaseno DOI

Meyer, S. (2007). We need a joined-up system. Adults Learning, 18(7), 26-27. Retrieved from http://www.niace.org.uk/publications/ adults-learning y In-text direct quote: (Meyer, 2007, p. 27) y In-text paraphrase: (Meyer, 2007)y

Journal Article from Databasewith DOI

Christofides, T. C. (2010). Comments on a method of comparison of randomized response techniques. Journal of Statistical Planning & Inference, 140(10), 574-575. doi: 10.1016/j.jspi.2009.07.018. y See next slides for example of where to locate DOIy

DOI

DOI

DOI

Online Article from Journal WebsiteThis refers to articles that are located on their own websites, NOT in the Article Indexes & Databases y In-text, see Print Examplesy

Online Article from Journal WebsiteIf downloading & citing PDF copy: y Teichman, P.G. (2007). Helping your patients avoid counterfeit medicines. Family Practice Management, 14(3), 33-35. Retrieved from http://www.aafp.org/fpm/20070300/33 help.pdfy

Online Article from Journal WebsiteIf citing HTML full-text: y Teichman, P.G. (2007). Helping your patients avoid counterfeit medicines. Family Practice Management, 14(3), (n.p.). Retrieved from http://www.aafp.org/fpm/20070300/33 help.html (note: no pages included on HTML document)y

Online Article No Paginationy

Koenigsberg, M. R., Bartlett, D., & Cramer, J. S. (2004). Facilitating treatment adherence with lifestyle changes in diabetes. American Family Physician, 69(2), (n.p.). Retrieved from http://www.aafp.org/afp/20040115/309. html

Online Article No Pagination continuedIn-text direct quote: (Fredrickson, 2000, 5) OR (Fredrickson, 2000, Conclusion section, para 1) y In-text paraphrase: (Fredrickson, 2000) OR (Fredrickson, 2000, Conclusion section) (note: you may use page number, paragraph number, or heading title depending on the format of the document e.g. HTML or PDF)y

Online Government Documenty

Canada. Citizen and Immigration Canada. (2007, March 31). Visiting Canada. Retrieved from http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/visit/ index.asp (note: if the Agency is well-known, it is not necessary to add Canada before the Agency name)

Online Govt Document contdIn-text direct quote: (Canada. Citizen and Immigration Canada, 2007, para. 2) y In-text paraphrase: (Canada. Citizen and Immigration Canada, 2007)y

Document retrieved from websiteUnited Nations Development Program. (2002). Human development report. Retrieved from http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/ 2002/en/ y In-text direct quote: (UNDP, 2002, p. 54) y In-text paraphrase: (UNDP, 2002)y

Document Retrieved from Websitey

United Nations Development Program. (2007). Annual report. Retrieved from http://www.undp.org/publications/ annualreport2007/

Entire Websitey

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If you refer to an entire website, you only need to give the URL directly in the text of your document You do NOT need to include it in your Reference List For example, visit the JIBC website (http://www.jibc.ca/) for Program and Course information However, if you are referring to specific documents or sections on a website follow procedures as listed in previous examples

NOT PRINT? NOT ONLINE?

Here is how to cite those other sources in your Reference List

Videos or DVDsGandy, D. (Producer). (2003). Cardiac emergencies [Videotape]. Carrollton, TX: FETN. y In-text direct quote: (Gandy, 2003) y In-text paraphrase: (Gandy, 2003)y

DVDs or Videosy

Fire & Emergency Training Network (2005). Safety, security and protection of the firehouse [DVD]. Carrollton, TX: Fire & Emergency Training Network.

Video Weblog postFor example, YouTube videos y Norton, R. (2006, November 4). How to train a cat to operate a light switch [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vja 83KLQXZs y In-text direct or paraphrase (Norton, 2006)y

YouTube Videoy

firenearth (2006, October 31). Cowboys herding cats [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pk7 yqlTMvp8&feature=PlayList&p=BEA B7F5E46CBF7F5&index=0&playnext =1

PodcastFor example, radio programs from a file on their website y McDonald, B. (2009, October 3). Theres no pain in team [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/quirks/ y In-text direct or paraphrase (McDonald, 2009)y

ListservsRefer to as electronic mailing lists y Booker, M. E. (2007, May 7). Re: APA Citation [Electronic mailing list message] Retrieved from http://lists.ala.org/wws/info/ili-l y If you dont know where the list is archived, leave blank y In-text, direct or paraphrase: (Booker, 2007) or Booker (2007) .y

Blog PostingGaiman, N. (2009, December 4). In which I text posterous [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://journal.neilgaiman.com/2009/12/ in-which-i-test-posterous.html y In-text, direct or paraphrase: (Gaiman, 2009)y

Personal CommunicationsE-mail, Interviews, LecturesOnly include as an in-text citation y Will not appear in your Reference Listy

Direct quote: .. (G. Whyte, personal communication, November 30, 2009 ) y Paraphrase: G. Whyte (communication, November 30, 2009 ) noted that.y