APA Format

Plagiarism, Cheating, Referencing, and Citations

Psychology 291

September 9-11, 2013

APA 6th edition• Manual available for purchase

(~ $40)• Available on reserve at the

library (6 copies)• Available from Psych dept.

secretary (1 copy)• Updated link on Psychology

Department Website• OWL at Purdue

Physical Formatting

• Margins = 1 inch

• Font = Times New Roman, Palatino Linotype, Courier in 12 point font size

• Do not justify margins

• Double spaced but no added spaces between paragraphs

• Single space after a period (4.01-4.11)

• Pages numbered with Arabic numerals

• Include a running head 0.5 inches from top margin

• Indent paragraphs (except Abstract)

General Content Formatting

• Do not use contractions

• Observe number formatting rules (4.31-4.38)

• Avoid the use of biased language (3.12-3.17)– Sexist, heterosexist, racist, ageist, etc. language

• Use clear and concise language (3.05-3.11)

Academic Integrity• Plagiarism: – The misrepresentation of another’s ideas, words, or other work

as one’s own, plagiarism is a form of theft.

• Types of plagiarism may include: a) quoting, paraphrasing, or summarizing text, even small portions

of text, without proper acknowledgement; paraphrasing too closely; and,

b) downloading from the Web or from a library or any other database all or part of a paper, a journal article, or a book, or downloading any other website material, excluding bibliography makers, and presenting it as one’s own work.

http://sites.stfx.ca/registrars_office/academic_integrity

• Cheating:– A more direct form of academic theft.

• Types of cheating may include:a. Buying, selling, or sharing papers or other assignments, or

submitting them as one's own work

b. Collaborating on assignments designated as individual

c. Submitting to one instructor work completed for another

d. Copying or using unauthorized aids during examinations

e. Impersonating another or allowing oneself to be impersonated

f. Illicitly obtaining, viewing, or sharing information about an assignment or an examination before it is administered

Citations

• Failure to cite properly is Plagiarism!

• Use APA format citations when writing about researchers or any idea that is not your own

• Avoid direct quotations where ever possible!– If you cannot avoid a quotation, you must include the

page number in the citation and use quotation marks. Failure to do so is Plagiarism!

• Do not refer to research by using phrases such as “the article”, “the paper”, “the first article” or by the article’s title!

Types of Citations

• Citations provide the author(s) and year• Citations may appear as a part of the sentence:– In their study, Jamison and Signorella (1980) had subjects …

• Citations may be used to support a statement:– Several studies report that subjects who identify with

masculine sex roles perform better in spatial tasks than those who identify with female sex roles (Jamison & Signorella, 1980; Nash, 1975; Signorella & Jamison, 1978, 1986; Vaught, 1965).

• If multiple citations are included for a single statement they appear in the same order as the reference page and are separated by semi-colon.

Authors in Citation (Table 6.1)

• Single Author– Every time: (Nash, 1975)

• Two Authors– Every time: (Jamison & Signorella, 1980)

• Three to five authors – First time: (Verbunt, Pernot, & Smeets, 2008)

– Subsequent times: (Verbunt et al., 2008)

• Six or more authors– Every time: (Kosslyn et al., 1996)

Reference Page

• You must reference everything you cite and you must cite everything you reference

• Alphabetical order by first author’s last name– Do not change the order of authors!– If multiple entries by same author(s), order chronologically

• Each reference begins flush left. Any subsequent lines are indented 0.5 inches

• Each element of a reference is separated by a period• Use “&” rather than “and”

SAMPLE APA PAPER 13

References

American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication Manual of the

American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC:

American Psychological Association.

Carlson, N.R., & Buskist, W. (1997). Psychology: The Science of Behavior

(5th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Wheeler, D.S., & Miller, R.R. (2008). Determinants of cue interactions.

Behavioural Processes, 78, 191-203. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2008.02.002

Note: Please register your student ID at the main desk of the library

before lab next week

Lab Assignment 1Due October 2, 2013

By Noon