APA Writing Style IIMethods and Results

Methods Possible subsections:

1. Participants2. Apparatus (or Materials)3. Procedure4. Measures

Method: Participants How many How they were selected Payments made or credits given for

participation, if applicable Major demographic characteristics

Sex, age, race/ethnicity Economic status, disability status, sexual

orientation Other characteristic

Method: Apparatus Describe specialized materials or equipment

used in the study

We will often not have any, so omit this section

Method: Procedure Instructions to participants Experimental manipulations Deception

Randomization and/or counterbalancing Other controls Include description of measures here or in a

separate measures section

If simple questionnaire/survey, can combine with Participants section or leave separate.

Method: Measures Describes the measures you used

You must include ALL measures, even measures such as age, race, or gender.

Include: The name of the measure (when applicable) and

what it assesses Number of items in the scale (if known) Range of scores (if known) What higher or lower scores indicate OR

categories (levels) in the measure

Methods Subsections you will probably have

1. Participants2. Procedure3. Measures

OR:1. Participants and Procedure2. Measures

Results Summarize data collected and statistical

analyses Mention all relevant results, even if counter to

hypothesis

Often useful to restate findings in plain language

Do NOT discuss implications of results here Not necessary to include any tables (DO

NOT paste your output into the paper)

Results Age and extraversion were negatively

correlated (r = -.45, p < .01).

Restate in English: That is, younger people were more extraverted.

Format Issues Double space

Never hit enter twice, never single space 12 point font, 1 inch margins Indent first line of each paragraph (1/2 inch) except

abstract, which is not indented Order:

Title page (separate page, numbered page 1) Abstract (separate page, numbered page 2) Text (separate page, numbered page 3)

Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion References (start on separate page)

Multiple identities 1

Running head: NEGOTIATING MULTIPLE IDENTITIES

The importance of centrality for negotiating multiple identities

Isis H. Settles

Michigan State University

Header with short version of title and Page # on EVERY PAGE

Flush Left

50 characters or less, ALL CAPS

ALL LINES CENTERED

1st: Title, 1st word only capitalized

2nd: Your name

3rd: MSU

TITLE PAGE FORMAT

Abstract 120 words or less Overview of your study with only key

information Main purpose Sample & Method Results (in “English”) One implication of results

Do NOT indent

References Hanging indent – first line is left-justified,

indent all following lines Order is alphabetical If same author, the in order by year (earliest

first) Italicize the journal name and volume

number, but not issue number (for a journal article) or book title (for a book)