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Aphids, scale, Aphids, scale, whitefly, mealybug…whitefly, mealybug…
HOMOPTERAHOMOPTERA
http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/r735300511.html
HOMOPTERAHOMOPTERA
Homo: sameHomo: same Ptera: wingsPtera: wings IncompleteIncomplete Piercing-sucking mouthpartsPiercing-sucking mouthparts 2 pair or wingless2 pair or wingless
Wings held "roof-like"Wings held "roof-like"
HOMOPTERAHOMOPTERA
Produce honeydew and sooty moldProduce honeydew and sooty mold Ants feed on honeydew and protect Ants feed on honeydew and protect
insectsinsects
HOMOPTERAHOMOPTERA
ParthenogenicParthenogenic: asexual reproduction: asexual reproduction ViviparousViviparous: live birth: live birth Winged aphids disperse in spring and Winged aphids disperse in spring and
late summerlate summer
APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)
Over 200 species, often host specificOver 200 species, often host specific Cornicles (tailpipes), function unclearCornicles (tailpipes), function unclear
APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)
Stem mother produces Stem mother produces colonycolony All femalesAll females
APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)
HOSTSHOSTS Herbaceous plants (vector disease), river Herbaceous plants (vector disease), river
birch, tuliptree, crapemyrtle, birch, tuliptree, crapemyrtle, pyracantha…pyracantha…
New growthNew growth
APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)
DAMAGEDAMAGE Bleaching and distortingBleaching and distorting Sticky foliage and sooty moldSticky foliage and sooty mold
APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)
MONITORINGMONITORING Visual, spring to early summerVisual, spring to early summer
Honeydew, sooty moldHoneydew, sooty mold
APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)
CONTROLCONTROL Avoid broad-spectrum insecticidesAvoid broad-spectrum insecticides
Disrupts beneficial insectsDisrupts beneficial insects
Ladybeetles, mealybug destroyer, Ladybeetles, mealybug destroyer, lacewing, waspslacewing, wasps
APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)
CONTROLCONTROL Predator insectsPredator insects
APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)
CONTROLCONTROL Predator insectsPredator insects
APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)
CONTROLCONTROL Predator insectsPredator insects
APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)
CONTROLCONTROL Predator insectsPredator insects
APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)
CONTROLCONTROL Predator insectsPredator insects
APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)
CONTROLCONTROL Predator insectsPredator insects
APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)
CONTROLCONTROL Observe "mummies“Observe "mummies“
Parasitized aphidsParasitized aphids
APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)
CONTROLCONTROL Control ants with sticky barriersControl ants with sticky barriers
APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)
CONTROLCONTROL Oil and soapsOil and soaps Prune outPrune out
MEALYBUGS (126)MEALYBUGS (126)
Technically a type of scaleTechnically a type of scale Cottony mass on hostCottony mass on host
MEALYBUGS (114)MEALYBUGS (114)
MEALYBUGS (114)MEALYBUGS (114)
MEALYBUGS (114)MEALYBUGS (114)
DAMAGEDAMAGE Feeds all over plantFeeds all over plant HoneydewHoneydew
MEALYBUGS (114)MEALYBUGS (114)
DAMAGEDAMAGE Stunts, distorts, and yellowStunts, distorts, and yellow
MEALYBUGS (114)MEALYBUGS (114)
CONTROLCONTROL Oil and soapOil and soap Mealybug destroyerMealybug destroyer Wash foliage with bleach solutionWash foliage with bleach solution
Mealybug DestroyerMealybug Destroyer
HOPPERSHOPPERS
LEAFHOPPERS (148) LEAFHOPPERS (148) PLANTHOPPERS (151)PLANTHOPPERS (151) TREEHOPPERS (151)TREEHOPPERS (151)
HOPPERSHOPPERS
LEAFHOPPERS (148) LEAFHOPPERS (148)
HOPPERSHOPPERS
LEAFHOPPERS (148) LEAFHOPPERS (148)
HOPPERSHOPPERS
PLANTHOPPERS (151)PLANTHOPPERS (151)
HOPPERSHOPPERS
PLANTHOPPERS (151)PLANTHOPPERS (151)
HOPPERSHOPPERS
PLANTHOPPERS (151)PLANTHOPPERS (151)
HOPPERSHOPPERS
TREEHOPPERS (151)TREEHOPPERS (151)
HOPPERSHOPPERS
HOSTHOST Woody plants…Woody plants…
LEAFHOPPERLEAFHOPPER
Controlled by Controlled by naturally occurring naturally occurring fungusfungus
HOPPERSHOPPERS
DAMAGEDAMAGE Sucking damageSucking damage "hopper burn" from toxins during feeding"hopper burn" from toxins during feeding Rarely threatens hosts healthRarely threatens hosts health HoneydewHoneydew
SPITTLEBUGS (151)SPITTLEBUGS (151)
Nymph: soft 1/4" hidden in "spit"Nymph: soft 1/4" hidden in "spit"
SPITTLEBUGS (151)SPITTLEBUGS (151)
Adults emerge from "spit"Adults emerge from "spit"
SPITTLEBUGS (151)SPITTLEBUGS (151)
HOSTHOST Turf and ornamental grassesTurf and ornamental grasses
SPITTLEBUGS (151)SPITTLEBUGS (151)
HOSTHOST Perennials (cosmos) and woody plants Perennials (cosmos) and woody plants
(Rosemary)(Rosemary)
SPITTLEBUGS (151)SPITTLEBUGS (151)
DAMAGEDAMAGE Distort and diebackDistort and dieback
SPITTLEBUGS (151)SPITTLEBUGS (151)
MONITORMONITOR Visual spit in JuneVisual spit in June Adults active in JulyAdults active in July
SPITTLEBUGS (151)SPITTLEBUGS (151)
CONTROLCONTROL Wash offWash off Prune out infestationsPrune out infestations
WHITEFLIES (124)WHITEFLIES (124)
Adult: small "moth"Adult: small "moth"
WHITEFLIES (124)WHITEFLIES (124)
Nymph: scale-likeNymph: scale-like
WHITEFLIES (124)WHITEFLIES (124)
Crawlers hatch and insert mouthpartCrawlers hatch and insert mouthpart Stay until adultStay until adult Last instar is an inactive pupa (not true Last instar is an inactive pupa (not true
pupa)pupa)
WHITEFLIES (124)WHITEFLIES (124)
HOSTHOST Gardenia, privets, other woody shrubsGardenia, privets, other woody shrubs Greenhouse pestGreenhouse pest Feed underside of foliageFeed underside of foliage
WHITEFLIES (124)WHITEFLIES (124)
DAMAGEDAMAGE Leaf dropLeaf drop Sooty moldSooty mold
WHITEFLIES (124)WHITEFLIES (124)
MONITORMONITOR Yellow sticky cardsYellow sticky cards
WHITEFLIES (124)WHITEFLIES (124)
CONTROLCONTROL Oil and soapOil and soap
WHITEFLIES (124)WHITEFLIES (124)
CONTROLCONTROL Encarsia formosa and other beneficialsEncarsia formosa and other beneficials
WHITEFLIES (124)WHITEFLIES (124)
CONTROLCONTROL Encarsia formosaEncarsia formosa
WHITEFLIES (124)WHITEFLIES (124)
CONTROLCONTROL Other predatorsOther predators
SCALE (145)SCALE (145)
Males: don't feed, live only few hoursMales: don't feed, live only few hours Female: oval and winglessFemale: oval and wingless Eggs laid under shellEggs laid under shell
SCALE (145)SCALE (145)
"Crawlers" hatch, move along branch or "Crawlers" hatch, move along branch or via windvia wind
Insert mouthpart and feedInsert mouthpart and feed
SCALE (145)SCALE (145)
Armored scaleArmored scale: secrete waxy covering: secrete waxy covering Covering can be removedCovering can be removed Never moveNever move Do not produce honeydewDo not produce honeydew
SCALE (145)SCALE (145)
Armor ScaleArmor Scale
Euonymus scaleEuonymus scale
SCALE (145)SCALE (145)
Armor ScaleArmor Scale
Pine scalePine scale
SCALE (145)SCALE (145)
Armor ScaleArmor Scale
Camellia scaleCamellia scale
SCALE (145)SCALE (145)
Armor ScaleArmor Scale
San Jose scaleSan Jose scale
SCALE (145)SCALE (145)
Armor ScaleArmor Scale
Oystershell scaleOystershell scale
SCALE (145)SCALE (145)
Soft scaleSoft scale Covering is actual bodyCovering is actual body Can move aroundCan move around Produce honeydew and sooty moldProduce honeydew and sooty mold
SCALE (145)SCALE (145)
Soft scaleSoft scale
Cottony Cushion ScaleCottony Cushion Scale
SCALE (145)SCALE (145)
Soft scaleSoft scale
Wax ScaleWax Scale
SCALE (145)SCALE (145)
Soft scaleSoft scale
Oak scaleOak scale
SCALE (145)SCALE (145)
DAMAGEDAMAGE Weaken plantWeaken plant Water stressWater stress Kill branchesKill branches
SCALE (145)SCALE (145)
MONITORINGMONITORING Crawlers in the springCrawlers in the spring Double sticky tapeDouble sticky tape
Looks like pollenLooks like pollen Spray at sharp increaseSpray at sharp increase
SCALE (145)SCALE (145)
MONITORINGMONITORING Pheromone traps and degree-day Pheromone traps and degree-day
models for San Josemodels for San Jose Observe parasitized scaleObserve parasitized scale
Cycad scaleCycad scale
Cycad scaleCycad scale
SCALE (145)SCALE (145)
CONTROLCONTROL Twice stabbed ladybeetle, parasitic Twice stabbed ladybeetle, parasitic
wasps…wasps… Oils in winter, spring, or summerOils in winter, spring, or summer