203

APPENDICES

A. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS AND CONTRIBUTORS

IWGN

Casassa, Michael P.Director, Program OfficeNISTAdmin. Bldg., Rm. A1000Gaithersburg, MD 20899301-975-2371michael.casassa@nist.gov

Genther-Yoshida, PhyllisAssociate Director, ITPTAU.S. Dept. of CommerceRoom 4411 HCHB14th and Constitution Ave., NWWashington, DC 20230202-482-1287Phyllis_Yoshida@ta.doc.gov

Henkart, Maryanna P.Directorate for BiologyNational Science Foundation4201 Wilson Blvd., Suite 655SArlington, VA 22230703-306-1440mhenkart@nsf.gov

John, Richard R.Director, DOT Volpe National TransportationSystems Center55 Broadway, Kendall SquareCambridge, MA 02142617-494-2222john@volpe.dot.gov

Kraback, TimJet Propulsion LaboratoryBuilding 179, Rm. 224A4800 Oak Grove Rd.M/S 179-224Pasadena, CA 91109-8099818-354-9654tkrabach@pop.jpl.nasa.gov

Kalil, Thomas A.Special Special Assistant to the PresidentWhite House Economic CouncilOEOB, Washington, DC 20502Thomas_A._Kalil@opd.eop.gov

Kirkpatrick, KellySenior Policy Analyst, Office of Science andTechnology PolicyOEOB, Washington, DC 20502202-456-6037kkirkpat@ostp.eop.gov

Kousvelari, EleniDirector, Biomimetics and Tissue EngineeringProgramNational Institute of Dental and CraniofacialResearchNational Institutes of HealthNatcher Bldg. (Bldg. 45), Rm. 4AN-18ABethesda, MD 20892-6402301-594-2427kousvelari@de45.nidr.nih.gov

Kovatch, GeorgeChief, Advanced Vehicle Technologies DivisionDOT Volpe National Transportation SystemCenter;55 Broadway, Kendall SquareCambridge, MA 02142617-494-2756kovatch@volpe.dot.gov

Lacombe, AnnalynnDOT Volpe National Transportation SystemCenter;55 Broadway, Kendall SquareCambridge, MA 02142Lacombe@volpe.dot.gov

Meyyappan, MeyyaNASA Ames Research CenterMail Stop 229-3, Bldg 229, Room 214Moffett Field, CA 94035650-604-2616meyya@orbit.arc.nasa.gov

Mucklow, Glenn H.National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationOffice of Space ScienceHeadquarters BuildingWashington DC 20546202-358-2235gmucklow@hq.nasa.gov

Appendix A. List of Participants and Contributors204

Murday, James S.SuperintendentChemistry DivisionNaval Research LaboratoryCode 6100Washington, D.C. 20375-5342202-767-3026murday@ccf.nrl.navy.mil

Murphy, EdwardU.S. Dept. of Treasuryedward.murphy@do.treas.gov

Pomrenke, Gernot S.Mathematics and Space Sciences DirectorateAir Force Office of Scientific ResearchBallston Common Towers II801 N. Randolph Street, Rm. 732Arlington, VA 22203703-696-8426gernot.pomrenke@afosr.af.mil

Porter, JoanNSTC, EOP, OSTPOld Executive Office Bldg., Rm. 435Washington, D.C. 20502202-456-6101jporter@ostp.eop.gov

Price, RobertU.S. Department of EnergyER-15, Office of Basic Energy Sciences1000 Independence Ave., S.W.Code SC-15, Rm. E-438AWashington, DC 20585301-903-3565price@er.doe.gov

Radzanowski, DaveOffice of Management and Budget, EOPNew Executive Office Building125 17th Street, N.W.Washington, DC 20503202-455-4613dradzano@omb.eop.gov

Roco, M.C.Program DirectorNational Science FoundationDivision of Chemical and Transport Systems4201 Wilson Blvd., Suite 525Arlington, VA 22230703-306-1371mroco@nsf.gov

Schloss, Jeffery A.Program DirectorTechnology Development CoordinationNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBldg 38A, Room 61438 Library DriveBethesda, MD 20892-6050301-496-7531jeff_schloss@nih.gov

Shull, Robert D.NISTMagnetic MaterialsBldg. 223, Rm. B152Gaithersburg, MD 20899301-975-6035shull@nist.gov

Thomas, Iran L.Division of Materials Sciences, Office of BasicEnergy SciencesSC-13, Rm. F-402U.S. Department of Energy19901 Germantown RoadGermantown, MD 20874-1290301-903-3426iran.thomas@oer.doe.gov

Trew, Robert J.Director of ResearchOffice of the Secretary of DefenseResearch and Engineering4015 Wilson Blvd., Suite 209Arlington, VA 22203703-696-0363trewrj@acq.osd.mil

Venneri, SamuelChief TechnologistNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationHeadquarters Building, Rm. 9S13Washington DC 20546-0001202 358-4600svenneri@mail.hq.nasa.gov

Volintine, Brian G.U.S. Department of EnergyOffice of Industrial TechnologiesEE-20, Rm. 5F-0641000 Independence Ave., S.W.Washington, D.C. 20585-0121202-586-1739brian.volintine@hq.doe.gov

Appendix A. List of Participants and Contributors 205

Weber, Thomas A.Directorate for Mathematical and PhysicalSciencesNational Science Foundation4201 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1065Arlington, VA 22230703-306-1811tweber@nsf.gov

Other Govt. & NL contributors

Barhen, JacobCenter for Engineering SystemsAdvanced Research (CESAR)ORNLPO Box 2008Oak Ridge TN 37831-6355423-574-7131barhenj@ornl.gov

Berson, AlanNHLBI, NIHTwo Rockledge Centre, Room 91786701 Rockledge Drive MSC 7940Bethesda, MD 20892410-435-0513bersona@nhlbi.nih.gov

Brecher, Dr. AvivaTransportation Strategic Planning and AnalysisOffice (DTS-24)DOT/RSPA Volpe National TransportationSystems Center55 BroadwayCambridgeMA 02142-1093617-494-3470brecher@volpe.dot.gov

Celotta, Robert J.NIST Fellow and Group Leader, ElectronPhysics GroupNISTB206 Metrology Building100 Bureau Drive, MS 8412Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8412301-975-3710robert.celotta@nist.gov

Dahl, CarolAssistant to the DirectorNational Cancer InstituteStrategic Technologies OfficeBldg 31, Rm. 11AO331 Center Drive, MSC 2590Bethesda, MD 20892-2590301- 496-1550carol_dahl@nih.gov

Dixon, David A.Pacific Northwest LaboratoryP.O. Box 999MS K1-83Richland WA 99352509-372-4999david.dixon@pnl.gov

Eastman, Jeffrey A.Argonne National Lab.Materials Science Div.9700 S. Cass AvenueBldg. 212Argonne, IL 60439630-252-2000jeastman@anl.gov

Edwards, James L.Deputy Assistant DirectorDirectorate for Biological SciencesNational Science Foundation4201 Wilson Blvd.Arlington D.C. 22230703-306-1400jledward@nsf.gov

Everitt, H.U.S. Army Research OfficePhysics DivisionU.S. Army Research OfficeBox 12211, RTP, NC 27709-2211919-549-4384

Exarhos, GregoryManager, Material Research SectionBatelle Pacific Northwest LaboratoryP.O.Box 999,MS K2-44Richland, WA 99352509-375-2440gj_exarhos@pnl.gov

Appendix A. List of Participants and Contributors206

Gilman, Jeffrey W.Fire Science DivisionPolymers Building, Room A265NIST100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8652Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8652301-975-6573jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov

Ginley, DavidNational Renewable Energy Laboratory1617 Cole BoulevardGolden, CO 80401-3393303-384-6573david_ginley@nrel.gov

Hagnauer, GaryArmy Research LaboratoryWeapons & Materials Research DirectorateAttn: AMSRL-WM-M (Materials)Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005410-306-0710ghagnau@arl.mil

Hasslacher, BroslLos Alamos National LaboratoryInstitute for Physical Sciences713 Meadow LaneLos Alamos, NM 87544505-672-3571bhass@hubwest.com

Heetderks, William J.NINDS, NIHFED/802National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892301-496-1447heetderb@nswide.ninds.nih.gov

Hinkley, Jeffrey A.NASA Langley Research CenterMaterials DivisionMail Stop 2266a West Taylor StreetHampton, VA 23681-2199j.a.hinkley@larc.nasa.gov757 864-4259

Kelley, ChrisNHLBI/NIH31 Center Drive MSC 2490Bethesda, MD 20892kelleyc@nhlbi.nih.gov

Kelley, Richard D.U.S. Department of EnergyMaterials Sciences DivisionSC-13, Rm. F-421Building: GTNWashington, DC 20545301-903-3426RICHARD.KELLEY@oer.doe.gov

Kung, HarrietLos Alamos National LaboratoryMaterials Science and Technology DivisionMail Stop G755Los Alamos, NM 87545505-665-4005hkung@lanl.gov

Li, DeQuanLos Alamos National LaboratoryBioscience DivisionMail Stop G755Los Alamos, NM 87545505-665-1158dequan@lanl.gov

Lowe, Terry C.Los Alamos National LaboratoryMaterials Science Laboratory, TA3-1698Mail Stop G754Los Alamos, NM 87545505-665-1131tlowe@lanl.gov

Michalske, Terry A.Sandia National LaboratoriesSurface and Interface Science DepartmentP.O. Box 5800Albuquerque, NM 87185-1413505-844-5829tamicha@sandia.gov

Nelson, David L.National Science FoundationDivision of Materials Research4201 Wilson Blvd., Rm. 1065NArlington, VA 22230703-306-1838dnelson@nsf.gov

Newbury, DaleNISTBldg. 222, Rm A113Gaithersburg, MD 20899301-975-3921dale.newbury@nist.gov

Appendix A. List of Participants and Contributors 207

Picraux, S. TomDirector, Physical & Chemical Sciences CenterSandia National LabsP.O. Box 5800Albuquerque, NM 87185-1427505-844-7681picraux@sandia.gov

Poehlein, GaryDivision Director, CTS/ENGNational Science Foundation4201 Wilson Blvd.Arlington, VA 22230703-306-1371gpoehlei@nsf.gov

Ramsey, MikeOak Ridge National LaboratoryP.O. Box 20081 Bethel Valley Rd.Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6142ramsey@calipertech.com

Samara, George A.Sandia National LaboratoriesNanostructures and Advanced MaterialsChemistry Department, MS-1421P.O. Box 5800Albuquerque, NM 87185-1421505-844-6653gasamar@sandia.gov

Seyfert, Vicki L.NIAID, NIHBuilding SB, Room 4A2131 Center DriveBethesda, MD 20892-2425301-496-7551vseyfert@mercury.niaid.nih.gov

Stroscio, Michael A.Chief ScientistOffice of the DirectorU.S. Army Research Office4300 S. Miami Blvd.Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2211919-549-4242stroscio@aro-emh1.army.mil

Tassey, GregorySenior EconomistNational Institute of Standards and Technology100 Bureau Drive, Stop 1060Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1060301-975-2663gregory.tassey@nist.gov

Tilden, Mark W.Los Alamos National LaboratoryPhysics DivisionMail Stop D454Los Alamos, NM 87545505-667-2902mwtilden@lanl.gov

Toomerian, BennyJet Propulsion LaboratoryCISM C Center for Integrated Microsystems4800 Oak Grove Drive, MIS 303-310Pasadena, CA 91109818-354-7945toomarian@jpl.nasa.gov

Ward, Keith B.ONR, Code 341800 N. Quincy StreetArlington, VA 22217-5660703-696-0361Keith.Ward@NRL.NAVY.MIL

Warren, WilliamDARPA/DSO3701 N. Fairfax Dr.Arlington, VA 22203-1714703-696-2224wwarren@darpa.mil

Watson, JohnNHLBI, NIHBuilding 31, Room 5A4931 Center Drive MSC 2490Bethesda, MD 20892301-435-0513jw53f@nih.gov

Wong, EugeneAssistant Director for EngineeringNational Science Foundation4201 Wilson Blvd.Arlington D.C. 22230703-306-1301ewong@nsf.gov

Academic contributors

Aksay, IlhanPrinceton UniversityA313 Chemical Engineering QuadranglePrinceton, NJ 08544-5263609-258-4393iaksay@princeton.edu

Appendix A. List of Participants and Contributors208

Alivisatos, PaulUniversity of California at BerkeleyChemistry Dept.B62 Hildebrand 6911Berkeley, CA 94720-6911510-643-7371alivis@uclink4.berkeley.edu

Andres, Ronald P.School of Chemical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN 47907-1283765-494-4047ronald@ecn.purdue.edu

Ballantyne, Joseph M.Director, Cornell Nanofabrication FacilityCornell UniversityM105 Knight LabIthaca, NY 14853607-255-2329jmb59@cornell.edu

Bawendi, Moungi G.Chemistry Dept.MITRm. 6-22377 Massachusetts Ave.Cambridge, MA 02139617-253-9796mgb@mit.edu

Block, Stephen M.Stanford UniversityDepartment of Biological SciencesGilbert Building, Room 109371 Serra MallStanford, CA 94305-5020650-724-4046sblock@stanford.edu

Brown, PatrickStanford UniversityBiochemistry DepartmentBeckman B400, Mail Code 5307Stanford, CA, 94305-5307650-723-0005pbrown@cmgm.stanford.edu

Chelikowsky, James R.University of MinnesotaChemical Engineering & Materials Science Dept.Room 151 Amundson Hall, Mail Stop 0531421 Washington Ave SEMinneapolis, MN 55455612-625-4837jrc@msi..umn.edu

Chou, StephenPrinceton UniversityDept. of Electrical EngineeringB412 Engineering QuadPrinceton, NJ 08544609-258-4416chou@ee.princeton.edu

Chu, SteveStanford UniversityApplied Physics DepartmentVarian Bldg Room 230Stanford, CA. 94305-4085650-723-3571schu@Leland.stanford.edu

Colbert, Daniel T.Rice UniversityDept. of ChemistrySmalley Research MS100241 Butcher HallP.O. Box 1892Houston, TX 77251-1892713-527-4688colbert@cnst.rice.edu

Craighead, HaroldProfessor of Applied and Engineering PhysicsCornell University211 Clark HallIthaca, NY 14853607-255-8707hgc1@cornell.edu

Cummings, Peter T.Dept. of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Tennessee419 Dougherty EngineeringKnoxville, TN 37996423-974-0227ptc@utk.edu

Dresselhaus, Mildred S.MIT Institute ProfessorRm. 13-300577 Mass Ave.Cambridge, MA 02139617-253-6864millie@MGM.MIT.EDU

Ellis, Arthur B.Univ. of Wisconsin-MadisonDept. of Chemistry750 University Ave.Madison, WI 53706-1490608-262-0241ellis@chem.wisc.edu

Appendix A. List of Participants and Contributors 209

Ferrari, MauroOhio State UniversityProfessor of Engineering Science270 Bevis Hall1080 Carmack RoadColumbus OH 43210-1002510-643-7035ferrari@chopin.bme.ohio-state.edu

Flagan, RichardCALTECHM/C 210-41Pasadena, CA 91125626-395-4383flagan@cheme.caltech.edu

Friedlander, Sheldon K.Chemical Engineering DepartmentUCLA, 405 Hilgarg AvenueLos Angeles, CA 90024-1592310-825-2046gilbert@ea.ucla.edu

Goddard, William A., IIICalifornia Institute of TechnologyChemistry Dept.M/C 139-74Pasadena, CA 91125626-395-2731wag@wag.caltech.edu

Guntherodt, Hans-JoachimInstitute of PhysicsUniversity of BaselKlingelbergstr. 82CH-4056 BaselSwitzerlandguentherodt@ubaclu.unibas.ch

Heath, James R.UCLADepartment of Chemistry & Biochemistry607 Circle Drive SouthBox 951569Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569310-825-2836heath@chem.ucla.edu

Hess, KarlBeckman InstituteUniversity of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign405 N. Mathews AveUrbana, IL 61801217-333-6362k-hess@uiuc.edu

Hu, EvelynCenter for Quantized Electronic StructuresScience & Technology CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara, CA 93106805-893-2368hu@ece.uscb.edu

Jelinski, LynnVice Chancellor for Research and GraduateStudiesLouisiana State UniversityOffice of Research and Graduate Studies240 Thomas Boyd HallBaton Rouge, LA 70803504-388-4422jelinski@lsu.edu

Kear, BernardRutgers Univ.Ceramics and Materials EngineeringRutgers University,607 Taylor Road,Piscataway, NJ 08854732-445-2245bkear@rci.rutgers.edu

Kiehl, Richard A.University of MinnesotaElectrical and Computer Engineering Dept.EE/CSci Building, Room 6-129200 Union St. SEMinneapolis, MN 55455-0154612-625-8073kiehl@ece.umn.edu

Klabunde, Kenneth J.Kansas State UniversityDepartment of ChemistryWillard HallManhattan, KS 66506785-532-6849kenjk@ksu.edu

Koehler, Karl A.Purdue Research FoundationDivision of Sponsored Program DevelopmentHOVDE 1021, Rm. 313West Lafayette, IN 47907-1021765- 494-6207kakoehler@sps.purdue.edu

Appendix A. List of Participants and Contributors210

Lavernia, Enrique J.UC IrvineDepartment of Chemical and BiochemicalEngineering andMaterials ScienceIrvine, CA 92697949-824-8714lavernia@uci.edu

Leong, KamJohns Hopkins UniversityBiomedical Engineering720 Rutland AvenueRoss Bldg. 726Baltimore, MD 21205410-614-3741kleong@bme.jhu.edu

Leuenberger, HansVice President, Swiss Academy of EngineeringSciencesUniversity of BaselDepartment of PharmacieCH-4051 Basel, Switzerland41-61-261-7940leuenberger@ubaclu.unibas.ch

Majumdar, ArunAssociate ProfessorUniversity of California, BerkeleyMechanical Engineering6169 EtcheverryBerkeley, CA 94720-1740510-643-8199majumdar@me.berkeley.edu

Merz, JamesVice President for Graduate Studies andResearchUniversity of Notre Dame208 Hurley HallNotre Dame, IN 46556-5641219-631-6291jmerz@nd.edu

Najafi, KhalilUniv. of MichiganEECS Dept.2402 EECS Bldg.1301 Beal Ave.Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122734-763-6650Najafi@umich.edu

Navrotsky, AlexandraUniv. of California at DavisDept. of Chemical Engineering and MaterialsScience4440 Chemistry AnnexDavis, CA 95616-5294530-752-3292anavrotsky@ucdavis.edu

Oberdorster, GunterDirector of the Division ofRespiratory Biology andToxicologyUniversity of RochesterDepartment of Environmental Medicine575 Elmwood Ave.Rochester, NY. 14642716-275-3804havalackj@envmed.rochester.edu

Odde, David J.University of MinnesotaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering7-104 Basic Sciences/Biomedical EngineeringBuilding312 Church St., S.E.Minneapolis, MN 55455612-626-9980odde@mail.ahc.umn.edu

Petroff, PierreDepartment Of MaterialsUniversity of Californiaat Santa BarbaraEng III BuildingSanta Barbara, CA 93106805-893-8256petroff@engrhub.ucsb.edu

Pollack, LoisCornell UniversityPhysics DepartmentClark Hall 168Ithaca, NY 14853607-255-8695lp26@cornell.edu

Porod, WolfgangNotre Dame UniversityElectrical Engineering Dept.268 Fitzpatrick EngineeringNotre Dame, IN 46556219-631-6376Wolfgang.Porod.1@nd.edu

Appendix A. List of Participants and Contributors 211

Pui, DavidUniversity of MinnesotaMechanical Engineering Department111 Church St. S.E.Minneapolis, MN 55455612-625-2537dyhpui@tc.umn.edu

Quate, C.F.Stanford UniversityGinzton LabStanford, CA 94305-4085650-723-0213Quate@Stanford.EDU

Raber, Douglas J.Director, Board of Chemical Sciences andTechnologyNational Research Council, (NAS-273),2101 Constitution Avenue N.W.Washington, D.C. 20418202-334-2156bcst@nas.edu

Ratner, Mark A.Northwestern UniversityChemistry Dept.2145 Sheridan Rd.Evanston, IL 60208-3113847-491-5652ratner@mercury.chem.nwu.edu

Reed, Mark A.Chair, Electrical Engineering Dept.Yale UniversityP.O. Box 208284New Haven, CT 06520-8284203-432-4306mark.reed@yale.edu

Requicha, Aristides A.G.Laboratory for Molecular RoboticsUniversity of Southern California941 West 37th PlaceLos Angeles, CA 90089-0781213-740-4502requicha@usc.edu

Ruoff, RodDept of PhysicsWashington UniversityCB 1105, One Brookings DriveSt. Louis, MO 63130-4899ruoff@wuphys.wustl.edu

Schlick, TamarNew York UniversityDept. of Chemistry251 Mercer StreetNew York, NY 10012212-998-3590schlick@nyu.edu

Siegel, Richard W.Head, Materials Science and EngineeringDepartmentRensselaer Polytechnic Institute110 Eighth StreetTroy, New York 12180-3590518-276-6373rwsiegel@rpi.edu

Smith, Temple F.Boston UniversityBiomedical Engineering Dept.Biomolecular Engineering Research Center36 Cummington StreetBoston, MA 02215617-353-7123tsmith@darwin.bu.edu

Stormer, HorstColumbia UniversityPhysics Dept.2960 Broadway704 Pupin, M/C 5206New York, NY 10027212-854-2310horst@phys.columbia.edu

Stucky, Galen D.Department of ChemistryUniversity of California, Santa BarbaraSanta Barbara, CA 93106-9510805-893 4872stucky@chem.ucsb.edu

Stupp, Samuel I.Departments of Materials Science and ChemistryNorthwestern University2225 N. Campus DriveEvanston, IL 60208847-491-3002s-stupp@nwu.edu

Sussman, MichaelUniversity of WisconsinBiotechnology Center425 Henry MallMadison, WI 53706-1580608-262-8608msussman@facstaff.wisc.edu

Appendix A. List of Participants and Contributors212

Tirrell, Matthew V.Richard A. Auhll Professor and DeanCollege of EngineeringUniversity of California, Santa BarbaraSanta Barbara, CA 93106805-893-3141tirrell@engineering.ucsb.edu

Tour, James M.Rice UniversityCenter for Nanoscale Science and TechnologyMS 222, P.O. Box 1892Houston, TX 77251-1892713-737-6246tour@rice.edu

Van Der Weide, Daniel W.Dept. of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison1415 Engineering DriveMadison, WI 53706-1691608-265-6561danvdw@engr.wisc.edu

Whitesides, GeorgeHarvard UniversityDepartment of Chemistry12 Oxford St.Cambridge, MA 02138617-495-9430gwhitesides@gmwgroup.harvard.edu

Ying, JackieDept. of Chemical Engineering, Rm. 66-544Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MA 02139-4307617-253-2899jyying@mit.edu

Private sector contributors

Avouris, PhaedonIBM Thomas J. Watson Research CenterP.O. Box 218Yorktown Heights, NY 10598914-945-2722AVOURIS@US.IBM.COM

Bauer, David R.Sr. Staff TechnicalSpecialistFord Motor CompanyResearch Laboratory, MD3182P.O. Box 2053Dearborn, MI 48121313-594-1756dbauer3@ford.com

Blair, John DOBJBX Technologies, Inc.25 Moore RoadWayland, MA 01778508-358-7568jblair@world.std.com

Brannon-Peppas, LisaPresident, Biogel Technology, Inc.P.O. Box 6815139521 Valparaiso CourtIndianapolis, IN 46268317-872-3955lisabp@biogeltech.com

Cader, TahirEnergy International, Inc.127 Bellevue Way SE, Suite 200Bellevue, Washington 98004-6229425-453-9595tcader@energyint.com

Canton, JamesPresident, Institute for Global Futures2084 Union StreetSan Francisco, CA 94123415-563-0720jcanton@msn.com

Cavin, Ralph K. IIIVice President, Research OperationsSemiconductor Research Corp.P.O. Box 12053Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2053919-941-9400cavin@src.org

Chapman, KevinSenior Director, Combinatorial ChemistryMerck Research LabsMail Code RY 123-230P.O. Box 2000Rahway, NJ 07065732-594-4000kevin_chapman@merck.com

Cody, George D.Exxon Corporate ResearchRoute 22 East Clinton TownshipAnnandale, New Jersey 08801908-730-3022gdcody@erenj.com

Appendix A. List of Participants and Contributors 213

Cohen, RogerDirector of Strategic Planning and ProgramsExxon Corporate CenterExxon R&E CompanyAnnandale, NJ 08801908-730-3367rwcohen@erenj.com

Cox, Donald M.Exxon Research & Engineering Co. (retired)14 Beechwood PlaceWatchung, NJ 07060908-756-8223DonaldMCox@aol.com

Doering, Robert R.TI Senior FellowSilicon Technology DevelopmentTexas Instruments Inc.P.O. Box 650311MS 3730Dallas, TX 75265972-995-2405doering@ti.com

Drew, Stephen W.Merck & Co.P.O. Box 2000Rahway, NJ 07065732-594-8462stephen_drew@merck.com

Eigler, DonaldIBM Almaden Research Center650 Harry Rd., Mail Stop D1San Jose, CA 95120-6099408-927-2172eigler@almaden.ibm.com

Ellenbogen, JamesMitre Corporation1820 Dolly Madison Ave. M/S Room W635McLean, VA 22102

Frazier, GaryRaytheon Systems CompanyMail Station 3513532 N. Central ExpresswayDallas, Texas 75243972-344-3634Gary-Frazier@rtis.ray.com

Garces, Juan M.Research ScientistDow Corporate R&DBuilding 1776Midland, MI 48674517-636-2919garcesjm@dow.com

Gardner, ColinVice PresidentMerck Research LaboratoriesP.O. Box 4WP 78-202West Point, PA 19486215-652-7366colin_gardner@merck.com

Goronkin, HerbMotorola EL 5082100 East Elliott RoadTempe, AZ 85284602-413-5908afgv60@email.sps.mot.com

Grochowski, EdwardIBM Almaden Research Center650 Harry RoadSan Jose CA 95120408-927-2043GRCHWSKI@US.IBM.COM

Heller, Michael J.Chief Technical OfficerNanogen10398 Pacific Center CourtSan Diego, CA 92121619-546-7700mheller@nanogen.com

Helms, JeffreyFord Motor Company20000 Rotunda, MD-3182Dearborn, MI 48121-2053313-337-1098jhelms@ford.com

Helvajian, HenrySr. ScientistAerospace CorporationP.O. Box 92957Los Angeles, CA 90009-2957310-336-7621Henry.Helvajian@aero.org

Appendix A. List of Participants and Contributors214

Jasinski, Joseph M.IBM ResearchT. J. Watson Research CenterP. O. Box 218Yorktown Heights NY 10598914-945-1245JMJASIN@US.IBM.COM

Kresge, Charles T.Paulsboro Technical CenterMobil TechnologyCompanyP.O. Box 480Paulsboro, NJ 08066609-224-2410charles_t_kresge@email.mobil.com

Kukonnen, CarlViaSpace Technologies2400 Lincoln Ave.Altadina, CA 91001626-296-6310kukkonen@viaspace.com

Lee, Stephen CraigSenior Research InvestigatorMonsanto Company700 Chesterfield Village Parkway AA4CSt. Louis, MO 63196314-737-6533Stephen.C.Lee@monsanto.com

Loutfy, Raouf O.PresidentMER Corporation7960 S. Kolb Rd.Tucson, AZ 85706520-574-1980 ext. 12rloutfy@mercorp.com

Manian, Bala S.Biometric Imaging1025 Terra Bella AveMountain View, CA 94043650-943-4525bala@biometric.com

Mendel, JohnEastman Kodak1669 Lake AvenueBldg. 35, 2nd Floor, Room 257, Mail Code 23701Rochester, N.Y. 14652-3701716-722-1210jmendel@kodak.com

Newberry, DebExecutive Director, Space SystemsGeneral Dynamics Information Systems8800 Queen Ave. S. BLCS1PBloomington, MN 55431612-921-6692D.M.NEWBERRY@cdev.com

Peercy, PaulPresidentSemi/Sematech2796 Montopolis DriveAustin, TX 78741-6499512-356-3400paul.peercy@sematech.org

Popper, Steven W.Senior EconomistAssoc. DirectorS&T Policy InstituteRAND Corporation

Rawal, SurajLockheed Martin AstronauticsPO Box 179M/S 3085 DCDenver, CO 80201303-971-9378suraj.p.rawal@lmco.com

Salzman, DavidPolychip, Inc.4812 Auburn Ave.Bethesda, MD 20814301-656-7600salzman@polychip.com

Strulovici, BertaMerck and Co.Dept. of Automated BiotechnologyNW-1502 Louise LaneNorth Wales, PA. 19454215-652-2533berta_strulovici@merck.com

West , PaulThermoMicroscopes1171 Borregas Ave.Sunnyvale, CA 94089408-982-9700 X100paulw@thermomicro.com

Appendix A. List of Participants and Contributors 215

Williams, R. StanleyPrincipal Laboratory ScientistHewlett Packard Laboratories3500 Deer Creek Rd.MS 26U-12Palo Alto, CA 94304-1126650-857-6586stan_williams@hpl.hp.com

Wiltzius, PierreBell LabsLucent Technologies700 Mountain AvenueRm. ID428Murray Hill, NJ 07974908-582-4762wiltzius@lucent.com

Wise, John J.Mobil (retired)4343 Province Line RoadPrinceton, NJ 08540609-683-1803jjrbwise@aol.com

Ziolo, Ronald F.Xerox CorporationCorporate Research & Technology0114-39D800 Phillips RoadWebster, NY 14580716-422-3341rziolo@crt.xerox.com

216

B. IWGN REFERENCE MATERIALS

This is a list of key publications and conference proceedings sponsored by IWGN andparticipating agencies in the area of nanoscience, engineering and technology in the lasttwo years.

The following documents have been prepared by the NSTC/CT/IWGN:

1. National Nanotechnology Initiative, internal NSTC/CT/IWGN report, reviewed bythe President’s Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST)Nanotechnology Panel. Expected release in Feb. 2000 (seehttp://www.nsf.gov/nano).

2. Nanostructure Science and Technology (NSTC Report), Siegel et al. 1999, eds.,worldwide study on status and trends; available on the Web:http://itri.loyola.edu/nano/IWGN.Worldwide.Study/, on CD-ROM from WTEC, andhard cover publication by Kluwer Academic Publishers (1999).

3. Nanotechnology Research Directions: IWGN Workshop Report (NSTC report), Rocoet al. 1999, eds., providing input from the academic, private sector and governmentcommunities; available on the Web:http://itri.loyola.edu/nano/IWGN.Research.Directions/ (this report).

4. Nanotechnology – Shaping the Word Atom by Atom (NSTC report), I. Amato,brochure for the public (available on the Web at:http://itri.loyola.edu/nano/IWGN.Public.Brochure/).

Additional information on the National Nanotechnology Initiative will be posted on theWeb at: http://www.nsf.gov/nano.

The following publications/proceedings prepared by different agencies since 1997address specific scientific topics, technological issues or areas of relevance in nanoscalescience and engineering:

• R&D Status and Trends in Nanoparticles, Nanostructured Materials, andNanodevices in the United States (includes review of U.S. funding), sponsored by 7agencies in 1997, Proceedings published in January 1998, R. Siegel, E. Hu and M.C.Roco, eds., WTEC, on the Web: http://itri.loyola.edu/nano/US.Review/

• NSF-NIST Conference on Nanoparticles (NSF and NIST, 1997), Proceedings, D.T.Shaw, M.C. Roco and R. Shull, eds.

• Selfassembling (NSF, 1997), Proceedings (1998), M. Tirrell, Ed.

Appendix B. IWGN Reference Materials 217

• Interdisciplinary Macromolecular Science and Engineering (NSF, 1997), Workshopreport (Brochure in colors, 1998), S. Stupp, ed.

• Molecular Modeling and Simulation (NSF, 1997), Workshop Report 1998, P.T.Cummings, ed., Website: http://flory.engr.utk.edu/nsf/

• US-EC Workshop on Nano-biotechnology (NSF, 1997), L. Jelinski, Workshop Report(Brochure in colors, 1998), Website:http://www.bio.cornell.edu/nanobiotech/nbt.htm/

• A Research Needs Assessment: Future Use of Nanofabricated Materials in EnergyApplications (DOE, 1998), Y.M. Chiang and J.Y. Ying.

• Thermal-chemical simulations (DOE, 1998), Proceedings, D. Dixon and P.T.Cummings, eds.

• BECON Proceedings (NIH, 1998), Workshop report, H.G. Craighead et al., eds.,Website: http://www.nih.gov/grants/becon/report_19980228.pdf, page 39.

• Nanotubes and Nanoelectronics (SRC/NASA Ames, 1998), Workshop Proceedings,D. Herr, M. Meyyappan and V. Zhirnov, eds.

• Nanotechnology for the Soldier System (ARO/DOD, 1998), Proceedings, T.Tassinnari, ed.

• Ultra Electronics Program Review (DARPA/DOD, 1998), Proceedings, Website:http://web-ext2.darpa.mil/eto/ULTRA/index.html, G. Pomrenke, ed.

• NANOSpace 98, NASA Workshops on Nano-Micro Technology, 1998, Houston,Proceedings on CD-ROM in 1999.

• Nanoscale Science, Engineering and Technology Research Directions, Oak RidgeNational Laboratory, 1999 (with focus on research opportunities and challenges fornational laboratories), D.H. Lowndes et al., eds.

• Condensed-Matter and Materials Physics (National Research Council, 1999),publication supported by the DOC and NSF, National Academy Press, Washington,D.C., 1999.

218

C. GLOSSARY

A/D Analog (to) digitalAES Auger electron spectroscopyAFM Atomic force microscopyAFOSR Air Force Office of Scientific ResearchAIM Atomic imaging and manipulationALE Atomic layer epitaxyATM Asynchronous transmission modeATP (U.S., Dept. of Commerce) Advanced Technology ProgramATP Adenosine triphosphate (supplies energy for biochemical cellular processes)bcc body-centered cubicBEEM Ballistic electron emission microscope/microscopyBEP (Treasury Department) Bureau of Engraving and PrintingBES (Department of Energy) Basic Energy Science DirectorateCAD-T Computer-aided design and testCAT (scan) Computerized axial tomographyCD Compact diskCermet Ceramic-metal compositeCFU Colony forming unitsCMOS Complementary metal-oxide semiconductorCMP Chemical mechanical polishingCNT Carbon nanotubeCPSE Collaborative problem-solving environmentsCPU Central processing unit (e.g., of a computer)CRT Cathode ray tubeCVD Chemical vapor depositionD/A Digital (to) analogDARPA Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDesCArtES (NSF funded) Distributed Center for Advanced Electronics SimulationsDFT Density functional theoryDRAM Dynamic random access memoryDURIP (DOD program) Defense University Research Instrumentation ProgramEELS Electron energy loss spectroscopyERC (NSF) Engineering and Research CenterESM Electronic support measuresESPRIT European Commission’s information technologies programEUV Extreme ultravioletEXAFS Extended X-ray absorption fine structurefcc Face centered cubicFDA Force discrimination assayFED (Japan) R&D Association for Future Electron DevicesFEL Free electron laserFET Field effect transistorFRET Fluorescence resonance energy transferFWHM Full width, half maximumGMR Giant magnetoresistanceGOALI (NSF) Grant Opportunities for Academic Liaison with IndustryHDS Hydrodesulfurization

Appendix C. Glossary 219

HFET Heterojunction field-effect transistorHPMA N-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylamideHREELS (41) High- resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS)HREM High-resolution electron microscopyHVOF High velocity oxygen fuelIP Ionization potentialIPO Initial public offeringIR InfraredIWGN (U.S., NSTC) Interagency Working Group on Nanoscience, Engineering and

TechnologyJPL (U.S., NASA) Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Pasadena)JSC (NASA) Johnson Space CenterLANL Los Alamos National LaboratoryLARC (NASA) Langley Research CenterLED Light-emitting diodeLFM Lateral force microscopyLISA Lithographically-induced self-assemblyMBE Molecular beam epitaxyMD Molecular dynamicsMEL-ARI (Europe, ESPRIT) Advanced Research Initiative in MicroelectronicsMEMS Microelectromechanical systemsMFM Magnetic force microscope/scopyMITI (Japan) Ministry of International Trade and IndustryMOMBE Organometallic molecular beam epitaxyMRI Magnetic resonance imagingMRM Magnetic resonance microscope/scopyMRSEC (NSF) Materials Research Science and Engineering Center(s) (network)MS Mass spectrometryM-TAS Micro(scale)-total analysis systemMURI (DOD) Multidisciplinary University Research Initiativenano-TAS Nano(scale) total analysis systemNASA National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNCSA (U.S.) National Computational Science Alliance (for high-performance computing)NCSL Nanocrystal super latticesNDR Negative differential resistanceNEMS Nanoelectromechanical systemsNIL Nanoimprint lithographyNIST National Institute of Standards and Technologynm NanometernM NanomanipulatorNMR Nuclear magnetic resonanceNNUN (U.S.) National Nanofabrication Users NetworkNP Non-deterministic polynomialNQR Nuclear quadrupole resonanceNREL National Renewable Energy LaboratoryNSOM Near-field scanning optical microscope/microscopyNST (DOD) Nanometer Science and TechnologyNSTC (U.S.) National Science and Technology CouncilOMB (U.S.) Office of Management and Budget

Appendix C. Glossary220

OMVPE Organometallic vapor phase epitaxyOPS Operations per secondOPTO (Europe/ESPRIT/MEL-ARI) Optoelectronic Interconnects for Integrated CircuitsPARC (U.S./Xerox) Palo Alto Research CenterPDMS PolydimethylsiloxanePEEM Photoemission electron microscope/microscopyPI Principal investigatorPMMA PolymethylmethylmethacrylatePVR Peak-to-valley ratioPVS Physical vapor synthesisQCA Quantum cellular automataQMOS Quantum metal oxide semiconductorRAM Random access memoryRCT (JPL) Revolutionary Computing Technologies ProgramRTD Resonant tunneling diodeSAM Self-assembled monolayerSAMMS Self-assembled monolayers on mesoporous supportsSBIR (U.S.) Small Business Innovative Research (program)SCM Scanning capacitance microscope/scopySECM Scanning electrochemical microscope/scopySEED Self-electro-optic effect deviceSEM Scanning electron microscopes/microscopySET Single electron transistorSFA Surface force apparatusSIA (U.S.) Semiconductor Industry AssociationSMT (U.S., Rutgers Univ.) Strategic Materials ProgramSOAC System on a chipSPICE Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (computer-aided design tool)SPM Scanning probe microscope/scopySRAM Static random access memorySTC (NSF) Science and Technology CenterSTEM Scanning transmission electron microscopeSThM Scanning thermal microscope/scopySTM Scanning tunneling microscope/microscopySTS Scanning tunneling spectroscopySTTR (U.S.) Small Business Technology Transfer (program)SWNT Single-wall nanotube (also, “buckeytube”)TAS Total analysis systems (“chem lab on a chip”)TEM Transmission electron microscope/microscopyTeramak R&D program at Hewlett-PackardTSRAM Tunneling-based static RAMUPS (41) Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopyURI (U.S., DOD) University Research InitiativeUV UltravioletUV/VIS (41) Ultraviolet/visible lightVCSEL Vertical cavity surface emitting laserXMDC X-ray magnetic circular dicroismXPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

221

D. INDEX OF AUTHORS

Aksay, Ilhan ..............................................................................................................................................154, 180Alivisatos, Paul ....................................................xxv, 1, 11, 50, 63, 66, 74, 79, 94, 117, 119, 134, 139, 140Andres, Ronald P. ....................................................................................................................................... 11Avouris, Phaedon ...................................................................................................................... 77, 85, 95, 96Bauer, David R........................................................................................................................................ 32, 46Bawendi, Moungi G. ..................................................................................................................................... 74Brecher, Dr. Aviva .................................................................................................................................... 138Brown, P. .......................................................................................................................................... 119, 139Cader, Tahir .................................................................................................................................................. 72Canton, James ............................................................................................................................................. 178Celotta, Robert J. ............................................................................................................................. 31, 61, 64Chelikowsky, ................................................................................................................................... 27, 29, 30Chou, Stephen .............................................................................................................................56, 57, 64, 79, 94Colbert, Daniel T. ........................................................................................................................................ 55Cox, Donald M. ............................................................................................................................121, 137, 140, 141Craighead, Harold ............................................................................................................................. 107, 120Cummings, Peter T. .............................................................................................................................. 17, 23Dixon, David A. ........................................................................................................................................ ..63Dresselhaus, Mildred S. ............................................................................................ 128, 129, 138, 139, 140Eastman, Jeffrey A. ..................................................................................................................................... 106Eigler, Donald ................................................................................................................. 10, 34, 47, 48, 77, 96Ellenbogen, James........................................................................................................................... 79, 95, 164Ellis, Arthur B. .......................................................................................................................... 153, 161, 165Everitt, H. .................................................................................................................................................... 14Exarhos, Gregory ........................................................................................................................................ 151Flagan, Richard ......................................................................................................................................... 143Friedlander, Sheldon K. .............................................................................................................................. 49Garces, Juan M. .................................................................................................................................................. 69Gardner, Colin.................................................................................................................................................67, 74Gilman, Jeffrey W. ............................................................................................................................ 104, 106Ginley, David .................................................................................................... 134, 135, 140, 143, 150, 152Goronkin, Herb ....................................................................................................................................................... 80Grochowski, Edward ....................................................................................................................... 78, 86, 95Hagnauer, Gary ............................................................................................................................................ 49Hasslacher, Brosl .......................................................................................................................................... 95Heath, James R.................................................................................................................................. 82, 94, 95Heller, Michael J. ........................................................................................................................................ 58Helms, Jeffrey ............................................................................................................................................. 106Hess, Karl ..............................................................................................................................17, 25, 164, 169, 170Hinkley, Jeffrey A. ................................................................................................................................ 28, 30Hu, Evelyn .................................................................................................................. 120, 139, 140, 167, 180Jasinski, Joseph M. ...................................................................................................................................... 77Jelinski, Lynn ............................................................................................................................ 113, 114, 120Kalil, Thomas A. ......................................................................................................................................... 202Kear, Bernard ...................................................................................................................................... 97, 102Kiehl, R. .......................................................................................................................................... 54, 59, 64Klabunde, Kenneth J. ................................................................................................................ 65, 70, 74, 75

Appendix D. Index of Authors222

Kresge, Charles T. ...................................................................................................................... 128, 139, 140Kung, Harriet ........................................................................................................................................ 13, 16Lavernia, Enrique J. .......................................................................................................................... 105, 106Lee, Stephen Craig .......................................................................................................................... 91, 92, 95Leong, Kam ........................................................................................................................................ 60, 107Li, DeQuan ....................................................................................................................................... 149, 150Lowe, Terry C. .............................................................................................................................. 13, 93, 149Majumdar, Arun ..................................................................................................................................... 32, 47Mendel, John ..................................................................................................................................................... 71, 73Merz, James ...................................................................................................................... 153, 161, 163, 173Meyyappan, Meyya .................................................................................................................................... 24Michalske, Terry A. .................................................................................................................................... 92Murday, James S. .............................................................................................................31, 41, 44, 115, 190Navrotsky, Alexandra ............................................................................................................................... 148Nelson, D.L................................................................................................................................................. 139Odde, David J. ............................................................................................................................ 114, 115, 120Petroff, Pierre .............................................................................................................................. 77, 106, 140Picraux, S.T. ................................................................................................................93, 121, 136, 151, 171Pollack, Lois ............................................................................................................................................... 114Pomrenke, Gernot S. ....................................................................................................................... 87, 88, 96Pui, David ............................................................................................................................................. 31, 46Quate, C.F. .................................................................................................................................................... 48Ratner, Mark A. .........................................................................................................63, 83, 94, 154, 164, 180Reed, Mark A. ............................................................................................ 15, 16, 62, 63, 64, 77, 81, 83, 84, 94, 96Requicha, Aristides A.G. .................................................................................................. 49, 63, 64, 96, 165Roco, M.C. ................................................. xxv, xxx, 120, 139, 140, 141, 165, 180, 181, 190, 199, 201, 202Ruoff, Rod ...................................................................................................................................... 35, 43, 48Samara, George........................................................................................................................................... 151Schlick, Tamar ...................................................................................................................................... 26, 30Shull , Robert D. ....................................................................................................................................... 100Siegel, Richard ..xxvii, xxx, 46, 70, 75, 97, 103, 120, 131, 138, 139, 140, 141,161, 165, 174, 180, 189, 199, 202Stormer, Horst........................................................................................................................................................... 54Stroscio, Michael A. .............................................................................................................................32, 77, 96, 164Stucky, Galen D. ......................................................................................................................... 75, 140, 181Stupp, Samuel I. .....................................................................................................13, 16, 49, 61, 63, 64, 139Tilden, Mark W. .............................................................................................................................. 93, 95, 96Tirrell, Matthew V. ..................................................................................................................................... 49Toomerian, Benny ...................................................................................................................................... 89Tour, James M. .................................................................................................................................64, 83, 94, 96Van Der Weide, Daniel W. ......................................................................................................................44, 45, 48Volintine, Brian G...............................................................................................................................................141Watson, John.........................................................................................................................................................47Weber, Thomas A...............................................................................................................................................170West , Paul ............................................................................................................................................ 31, 45Whitesides, George ...........................................................................................................1, 61, 75, 154, 180, 199Williams, R. Stanley ........................................................................................ xxv, 9, 48, 69, 81, 94, 95, 181Wiltzius, Pierre ................................................................................................................................................. 65, 69Wise, John J. ................................................................................................................................. 66, 75, 148Ying, Jackie .....................................................................................................................51, 63, 124, 128, 141

223

E. INDEX OF MAIN TOPICS

Academe ..........................................................................................................................................................iv,xixAeronautics and space exploration................................................................................................................xiii, 89Agencies funding strategies........................................................................................................................ 181-202Architecture (s) .............................................................................................................................................xxi, 79Atomic force microscope (AFM) ..........................................................................................................32, 63, 116ATP (Advanced Technology Projects) .............................................................................................................156Avionics ...............................................................................................................................................................90Batteries ......................................................................................................................................................126, 135Beams (focused) ..................................................................................................................................................31Benefits of nanotechnology ...........................................................................................................................xxxviiBiodetection (biological) .............................................................................................................................70, 115Bioengineering ...................................................................................................................................................192Biolabels .............................................................................................................................................................116Biology (biological system) .........................................................................................................7, 52, 70, 91, 113Biomolecules / biostructures ...............................................................................................................................37Biomimetics .........................................................................................................................................................91Biotechnology, medicine, and healthcare ................................................................................................. 107-119Bottom-up nanotechnology ...............................................................................................................................154“By design” (synthesis and processing) .............................................................................................................xxi

Carbon nanotubes ................................................................................. 24, 41, 50, 55, 77, 85, 128, 135, 138, 151Catalysis (at nanoscale, nanostructured catalyst) ................................................................................53, 124, 137Center for Quantized Electronics Structures (QUEST) ....................................................................................167Ceramic (structures, particles) ...........................................................................................................................103Characterization ...........................................................................................................................................2, 7, 36Chemical analysis systems ..................................................................................................................................92Chip (on a) .............................................................................................................................59, 92, 108, 111, 117Coatings (nanostructured) ..................................................................................................................................105Competitiveness ...................................................................................................................................................xvCommercial applications ...............................................................................................................................73, 86Computation (computer technology) ................................................................................................................x, 3Congressional (House, Senate) hearings ............................................................................................ iii, xvii, xviiiConsolidated nanostructures .................................................................................................................. 66, 97-106Coulomb blockade ...............................................................................................................................................78Courses on nanoscale science and engineering .................................................................................................165Decontamination ..................................................................................................................................................70Definition of (what is) nanotechnology ......................................................................................................vii, xxvDepartments and agencies; All at: .............................................................................................xxii, 181, 199-200

Department of Commerce (including NIST) .....................................................................................182, 190Department of Defense (DOD) ..................................................................................................xvii, 182, 191Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) ................................................................154, 192Department of Energy (DOE) ............................................................................................................183, 193Department of Transportation (DOT) ................................................................................................183, 194National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ..........................................................89, 183, 195National Institutes of Health (NIH) ...........................................................................................xvii, 184, 196National Science Foundation (NSF) ................................................................................. xvii, 155, 184, 197

Dispersions, coatings and other large surface area structures ........................................................................65-75

Appendix E. Index of Main Topics224

Distributed Center for Advanced Electronics Simulations (DesCArtES) ........................................................169DNA ...................................................................................................................................3, 26, 58, 107, 109, 117Drug (delivery) .......................................................................................................................................60, 91, 111

Economic impact .................................................................................................................................................. ixEducation (training) .........................................................................................................................xv, 8, 153, 158Electron microscope (microscopy) ......................................................................................................................32Energy and chemical industries ................................................................................................................. 121-141Energy (energy efficiency, conversion) .................................................................... xiii, 122, 135, 136, 144, 145Environment (nanoscale processes in) ....................................................................................xiii, xxviii, 143-152Environmentally benign structures ....................................................................................................................144Environmental technologies ......................................................................................................................144, 146Experimental methods and probes .................................................................................................................31-64Films (nanostructured, nanocomposite) ......................................................................................................65, 129Fire retardation in plastics .................................................................................................................................104Fuel cells ....................................................................................................................................................135, 138Fullerenes .....................................................................................................................................................55, 128Functional nanostructures (funding initiative) ..................................................................................................201Fundamental scientific issues ..................................................................................................................... ix, 1-16Funding for nanotechnology research (in fiscal years 1997 and 1999) ............................................................199

Gene (delivery) ............................................................................................................................................60, 109Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) ..................................................................................................... 3, 86, 100-101GOALI (Grant opportunities for academic liaison with industry) ...................................................................156Government funding ................................................................................................................................v, xx, 199Government R&D Laboratories ......................................................................................................v, xx, 171, 176Health ...................................................................................................................................................................xiiHierarchical self-assembled nanostructures ......................................................................................................151High density memory ...........................................................................................................................................xiHuman Genome Project ......................................................................................................................................... 3Hydrogen storage .......................................................................................................................................125, 138

Imaging system ....................................................................................................................................................71Information technology .......................................................................................................................................20Infrastructure needs for R&D and education .................................................................................... 153-180, 187Interfaces ............................................................................................................................................................112International (Europe, Japan, worldwide) .........................................................................................xvii, 153, 155Lithography (lithographically) ......................................................................................................................56, 57Lubrication ...........................................................................................................................................................23

Magnetic behavior .........................................................................................................................................11, 33Magnetic fluids ....................................................................................................................................................72Manipulation (of nanostructures, nano-manipulators) ................................................................34, 38, 41, 43, 63Materials ................................................................................................................................ ix, 13, 51-52, 69, 123Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSEC) ....................................................................170MCM-41 ............................................................................................................................................................148Medicine ...............................................................................................................................................................xiiMesoporous nanocomposite ..............................................................................................................................151Metrology .............................................................................................................................................................38

Appendix E. Index of Main Topics 225

Microfluidics ........................................................................................................................................................53Microsystems (integration in) .............................................................................................................. 93, 172-173Miniaturization ...................................................................................................................................................195Molecular electronics ........................................................................................................................... 7, 79, 80-85Molecular folding ................................................................................................................................................42Molecular logic ....................................................................................................................................................83Molecular motors .................................................................................................................................42, 107, 108Molecular recognition ..........................................................................................................................................41Molecular simulation (dynamics) ..................................................................................................................26, 29Molecule (single) ...........................................................................................................................................41, 80Monolayers ..........................................................................................................................................................11Multidisciplinary University Research centers (MUIR) ...................................................................................192Nanocomposites ...........................................................................................................................................69, 102Nanocrystals .....................................................................................................................................11, 27, 50, 117Nanodevices, nanoelectronics, and nanosensors ............................................................................................77-96Nanoelectronics .........................................................................................................................x, 77, 87, 154, 175Nanoimprint lithography ...............................................................................................................................51, 56Nanometer (what is) .................................................................................................................................xxv, xxviNanomanufacturing (nanofabrication) ................................................................... ix, xxviii, 3, 6, 7, 58, 105, 117Nanoparticles ..........................................................................21, 50, 51, 66, 70, 71, 72, 103, 111, 143, 146, 148Nanostructures on surfaces ..........................................................................................................................45, 131National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) ................................................................................................xix, 188National Nanofabrication Users Network (NNUN) .........................................................................xvii, 156, 165National security ..................................................................................................................................... xiv, xxviiiNEMS (Nano-electro-mechanical system) .......................................................................................................193Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) ..............................................................................................44Net shape forming ..............................................................................................................................................103

Optical gap ...........................................................................................................................................................28Optical fiber .........................................................................................................................................................69Petrochemical processing ..................................................................................................................................122Photosynthesis (artificial, Gratzel Cell) ............................................................................................................134Planetary science .................................................................................................................................................... 7Pollution .....................................................................................................................................................143, 146Polymers ........................................................................................................................ 13, 29, 37, 49, 61, 70, 149Powders (nanocrystalline) ...................................................................................................................................66Priorities (priority areas) .................................................................................................................xxi, 9, 199, 201Private sector (industry) ........................................................................................................ iv, xix, 161, 174, 175Probes (probe arrays) .....................................................................................................................................35, 37Process control .....................................................................................................................................................35Processing (of nanostructures) ............................................................................................................................50Professional societies ....................................................................................................................................v, xxiiiProperties (of nanostructures) ............................................................................................................xxv-xxvi, 4-5

Quantum behavior .............................................................................................................................................121Quantum dot (s) ...............................................................................................................................................9, 25Quantum cellular automata ..................................................................................................................................87Quantum computing ................................................................................................................................14, 79, 91Quantum confinement .........................................................................................................................................27

Appendix E. Index of Main Topics226

Quantum corral ....................................................................................................................................................10Recommendations ................................................................................................................................. iv, xix-xxivReplication ...........................................................................................................................................................61Resonant tunneling devices (diode) ..............................................................................................................87, 88RNA ...................................................................................................................................................................107Robotic systems .............................................................................................................................................64, 93

SBIR, Small Business Innovative Research ......................................................................................................156STTR, Small Business Technology Transfer ....................................................................................................156Scaling laws .....................................................................................................................................................2, 21Scanning electron microscope .............................................................................................................................43Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) ..............................................................................................................32Scanning probe microscopes ...............................................................................................................................32Self-assembly (selfassembling, self-assembled) ...........................................................................57, 62, 127, 151Sensors (nanoscale) ......................................................................................................................................52, 110Simulations ............................................................................................................................................ 17-29, 169Social impact .................................................................................................................................................ix, 178Sol-gel synthesis ..................................................................................................................................................69Stability (thermal and chemical) .......................................................................................................................132Standardization ....................................................................................................................................................38Storage (energy) .........................................................................................................................................125, 135Strain-directed assembly ......................................................................................................................................59Superlattices (nanocrystal) ...................................................................................................................................67Supramolecules (supramolecular) .................................................................................................................37, 57Suspensions ....................................................................................................................................................66, 67Synthesis, assembly, and processing of nanostructures ...................................................................... 7, 49-64, 66Templating (templates) ..................................................................................................................................51, 66Theory, modeling and simulation (TM&S) ...................................................................................................17-29Three-dimensional nanostructures ..............................................................................................15, 34, 37, 66, 78Thermal barriers .................................................................................................................................................133Tissue engineering .............................................................................................................................................114Transportation ....................................................................................................................................................194Two-dimensional nanostructures ..................................................................................................................34, 78

Vision (looking to the future) .....................xviii, xxix, 1-2, 17, 31, 49, 65, 77, 97, 107, 121, 143, 153, 178, 181Zeolites (zeolitic materials) ...............................................................................................................................127Waste remediation .............................................................................................................................................144Water (fluid) purification ...........................................................................................................................149, 150Wiring ..................................................................................................................................................................54