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Appendicular Skeleton and Joints
Lab # 7Skeletal System II
The Appendicular Skeleton
Pectoral girdle
Pelvic girdle
Upper limbs
Lower limbs
Right Clavicle
Superior view
Inferior view
Pectoral Girdle
Anterior view
Clavicles
Scapulas
Acromial end
Sternal end
Sternal end
Acromial end
Right Scapula
Posterior view Lateral viewAnterior view
Acromion process
Coracoid processCoracoid process
Acromion process
Spine
Acromion process
Coracoid process
Glenoid cavity
Posterior viewAnterior view
Right Humerus
Greater tubercle
Lesser tubercle
Head
Deltoid tuberosity
Capitulum Trochlea
Coronoid fossaOlecranon
fossa
Intertubercular sulcus
HeadGreater tubercle
Lesser tubercle
ANTERIOR VIEW
HUMERUS
Intertubercular sulcus
CapitulumTrochlea
Coronoid fossa
Olecranon fossa
ANTERIOR VIEW POSTERIOR VIEW
HUMERUS
Right Radius and Ulna
Anterior view
Styloid process
Trochlear notch
Radial head
RADIUS ULNA
Styloid process
Coronoid process
Olecranon process
Proximal radioulnar joint
Distal radioulnar joint
(It is a pivot joint)
Carpal bones (8)
Phalanges (14)
Metacarpal bones (5)
Right Hand
Posterior view
Proximal phalanx
Intermediate phalanx
Distal phalanx
Distal phalanx
Proximal phalanx
Metacarpal 11
2 345
LATERAL VIEW
COXAL BONE
Ilium
IschiumPubis
Ilium
Ischium Pubis
Lateral view
Right Coxal Bone
Acetabulum
Iliac crest
Greater sciatic notch
Ischial spine
Ischial tuberosity
Obturator foramen
Anterior superior iliac spine
Posterior superior iliac spine
Lesser sciatic notch
Inferior pubic ramus
Superior pubic ramus
Pubic symphysis
Anterior view Posterior view
Right Patella
Anterior view
Posterior view
Right Femur
Anterior view
Posterior view
Head
Lesser trochanter
Greater trochanter
Greater trochanter
Medialcondyle
Lateral condyleLateral
condyle
Neck
Head
Lesser trochanter
Greater trochanter
Medial condyle
Lateral condyle
FEMUR
Neck
Right Tibia and Fibula
Anterior view
FIBULATIBIA
Head of fibula
Fibular or lateral malleolus
Tibial or medial malleolus
Phalanges (14)
Tarsal bones
(7)
Metatarsal bones (5)
Superior view Lateral view
41 2 3
5
Metatarsal bones (5)
Phalanges (14)
Right Foot
Distal phalanx Proximal phalanx Intermediate phalanx
First metatarsal bone
Proximal phalanx
Distal phalanx
Calcaneus
TalusCalcaneus
Talus
It is any point where two bones meet, whether or not the bones are movable at that interfaceJoint (articulation):
JOINTS
Structural Classification (according to the manner in which the adjacent bones are bound to each other, with differences in how freely the bones can move)
1- Fibrous joints: Points at which adjacent bones are bound by fibrous connective tissue (mainly collagen fibers). No space between the two bones
2- Cartilaginous joints: When two bones are linked by cartilage. No space between the two bones
3- Bony joints: Immovable joints formed when the gap between two bones ossify, and they become in effect, a single bone. No space between the two bones
4- Synovial joints: They are joints in which two bones are separated by a space called a joint or synovial cavity
Functional Classification (according to their functional characteristics or their ability to move)
1- Synarthroses: Immovable joints
2- Amphiarthroses: They are joints that allow slightly movements
3- Diarthroses: They are freely movable joints
Structural Classification (according to the manner in which the adjacent bones are bound to each other, with differences in how freely the bones can move)
1- Fibrous joints: Points at which adjacent bones are bound by fibrous connective tissue (mainly collagen fibers). No space between the two bones
Syndesmosis
An interosseus membrane unites the fibula to the tibia (also the radio to the ulna)
Gomphosis
Collagen fibers attach tooth to jawbone allows the tooth
Sutures
Immovable or slightly mo-vable fibrous joints that closely bind the bones of the skull to each other
2- Cartilaginous joints: When two bones are linked by cartilage. No space between the two bones
3- Bony joints: Immovable joints formed when the gap between two bones ossify, and they become in effect, a single bone. No space between the two bones
Pubic symphysis in which right and left pubic bones joined by interpubic disc
Bodies of vertebrae and intervertebral discs
Joints between the sacral vertebrae and bones of coccyx
4- Synovial joints: They are joints in which two bones are separated by a space called a joint or synovial cavity
Joint cavity or synovial cavity
It secrets a viscous and slippery synovial fluid that lubricates the joint
Fibrous capsule Synovial membrane
Joint capsule or articular capsule:
Articular cartilages
Ligaments
Functional Classification (according to their functional characteristics or their ability to move)
1- Synarthroses: Immovable joints
2- Amphiarthroses: They are joints that allow slightly movements
Gomphosis
Sutures
3- Diarthroses: They are freely movable joints Synovial joints are diarthroses
The Six Types of Synovial Joints
Ball-and-socket joint(humeroscapular)
Pivot joint(radioulnar)
Saddle joint(trapeziometacarpal)
Hinge joint(humeroulnar)
Plane (gliding) joint(intercarpal)
Condylar joint(metacarpophalangeal)
Quadriceps femoris muscle
Tendon of quadriceps
Patellar ligament
collateral ligament
collateral ligament
TibialFibular
The Knee Joint
Tendon of quadriceps
Patellar ligament
Tibial collateral ligamentFibular
collateral ligament
condyle condyleLateral Medial
cruciate ligament
cruciate ligament
Anterior
Posterior
meniscus
meniscus
Lateral
Medial
Quadriceps tendon
Patellar ligament
Tibial collateral ligament
Fibular collateral ligament
Lateral meniscus Medial meniscus
FIBULA
FEMUR
FIBULA
The Knee Joint
Tibiofemoral Joint: It is where the condyles of the femur joint the condyles of the tibia
PATELA Hinge joint
Synovial joint
Diarthroses
Patellofemoral Joint: It is where the patella articulates with the femur
Plane (gliding) joint
Synovial joint
Diarthroses
FemurFemur
Tibia
Tibia
Fibula
Patella
Quadriceps tendon
Patellar ligament
Lateral meniscus
Fibular collateral ligament Tibial collateral
ligament
Medial meniscus
Lateral view
Medial view
Posterior view
Femur
TibiaFibula
Fibular collateral ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament
Anterior cruciate ligament
Tibial collateral ligament
Lateral meniscusMedial meniscus