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AppendicularSkeleton=ThebonesofthelimbsandtheirGirdles
thatconnectthemtotheAxialSkeleton.
UpperextremityPectoralgirdle:clavicle(2)scapula(2)
Humerus
(2)radius(2)ulna(2)carpals(wristbones)8eachwristmetacarpals(5eachhand)phalanges(14eachhand)
LowerextremityPelvicgirdle2hipbones(os
coxae)ilium(2)ischium(2)pubis(2)
femur(2)patella(2)tibia(2)fibula(2)tarsals(anklebones)7eachanklemetatarsals(5eachfoot)phalanges(14eachfoot)
1
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UpperextremityconnectedtotheaxialskeletonbythePectoralGirdle:PECTORALGIRDLE=CLAVICLE+SCAPULA
ONLYtheclaviclehasdirectcontactwiththeAxialSkeleton–wheretheclaviclearticulateswiththemanubrium@theclavicularnotches.
ClavicleLabel:1.
sternalend(medialend)2.acromialend(lateralend)
Besureyoucantellarightclaviclefromaleft.Iwillshowyouinclass.
RightLeftLeftsuperiorviewsmootherside
Inferiorside,rougherside
1
2
1
2
2
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LPosteriorview L Anteriorview Lateralview
Posteriorview:
1. Spineofscapula2. Acromion(akaacromion
process)3. Superiorangle4. Inferiorangle5.
Vertebral(medial)boarder)6. Axillary(lateral)boarder)7.
Coracoidprocess8. Supraspinousfossa9. Infraspinous fossa
Anteriorview
6.Axillaryboarder5.Vertebralboarder3.Superiorangle4.Inferiorangle7.Coracoidprocess10.Subscapularfossa
Scapula
LateralView
11.Glenoidfossa(akaglenoidcavity)
7.Coracoidprocess2.Acromionprocess1.Spineofscapula
2
1
3
4
------ 5-
6
7
8
9
66
11
2
73
4
7
10
Posteriorview
1
3Acromionofscapulaarticulateswiththeacromialendofclavicle
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Left,anteriorviewLeft,posteriorview
Humerus:AttachestotheAxialSkeletonviaheadofhumerus
toGlenoidfossaofscapula
Anteriorview1. Head2. Anatomicalneck3. Greaterturbercle4.
Lessertubercle5. Intertubercular
groove6. Surgicalneck
Anteriordistalend7.Medialepicondyle8.Trochlea9.Capitulum10.Lateralepicondyle11.Coronoidfossa
Posteriorview12.Head13.Anatomicalneck(drawlocation)14.
Greatertubercle15. Surgicalneck(drawlocation)16.
Deltoidtuberosity(hardtoseebutmarkedwhereyouwouldfindit.(SeeitonaRealbone!))
Distalend:17. Olecranonfossa18.
Trochlea(wrapsfromfronttoback19.Lateralepicondyle20.Medialepicondyle
*NoteTrochlea
andcapitulumarecondyles.WhatIsacondyle?ThesecondylesarticulatewithTheradiusandulna.
1
1
2
3
34
4
5
6
7 78 9
1011
1214
16
18
1920
17
5
Notecapitulum notseeninposteriorview 4
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Ulna (themedialboneofforearm)
Leftposteriorview1. Olecranon(proximal)2.
styloidprocess(distal)
AnteriorProximalviewcloseup:3.Trochlearnotch4.Coronoidprocess
Lateralview(sidefacingradius)
5.Olecranon6.Trochlearnotch7.Radialnotch(articulateswithHeadofradius)
Note:Trochlearnotch-
hasarticularCartilage,articulateswithtrochleaofhumerus
1
----2
3
5
7
6
4
8----9
5
Distalend8.Head9.Styloidprocess
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Radius(Lateralboneofforearm)YourRAD(THUMBside)bone!!!
Leftanteriorview1. Head2. RadialTuberosity3. Styloidprocess
Closeupanteriorproximalend:
4.Head5.Radialtuberosity
MedialLateral
Closeupdistalanteriorend:
6.Ulnarnotch(articulateswithheadofulna)Ulnarnotchmedialsidebecauseitarticulateswiththeulna…themedialbone.Remember-
distalendofRadiusonanteriorsideissmooth.Distalendofradiusposteriorsiderough.Seethissmoothnessvsroughnessonarealbone!7.Styloidprocess
1
2
---3
4
5
67
6
Distalend
Rememberyoumustknowifaboneisrightorleftonalabpractical!Practicewiththebonesinthelabtillitiseasyfor!Theradiusandulnaarethe“hardest”bonestofigureoutRandLforstudentseverysemester!
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LeftElbowJointPuttingitalltogether!Besureyoucanarticulateahumerus
witharadiusandulnaboneallfromthesameside.
AnteriorView(Leftbones)PosteriorView Medialview
1. Medialepicondyle2. Coronoidfossa3. Lateralepicondyle4.
Trochlea5. Capitulum
9.Medialepicondyle10.Olecranon(ulna)11.Headofradius12.Lateralepicondyle
13.Trochlearnotch(sideview)14.Olecranon
(sideview)15.Medialepicondyle
12
124 5
Humerus
6 7
8
medial lateral
910
11
15
7
Radius7.Headofradius8.Radialtuberosity
Ulna6.Coronoidprocess
3
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Lefthand:Anteriorviews
Thumbisnumberone!
Distalendradiusandulna
Carpalbones:1. Lunate2. Scaphoid3.
Trapezium(thumbswingsfromtrapezium)
Metacarpals:(palmbones)Labelmetacarpal1-5(Thumbis#1)
Proximalendsarticulatewithcarpalbones.Distalendsarticulatewithphalanges=Knuckles.Also:LabelTforTrapeziumSforscaphoidLforLunateinthenext2views
Phalanges:(digits)Proximalphalanges1-5Middlephalanges2-5Distalphalanges1-5Thumbhasnomiddlephalange
123
1
2 3 4 5
PP1
DP1
MP2
Wristjoint=distalradius+scaphoid+lunate.(scaphoidfracturesBAD).
Notethedistalendofulnahasnodirectarticulationwithanycarpalbones8
