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Appendicular Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton• Your appendicular skeleton includes all of the bones and joints that make up your appendages
• This includes the shoulder girdles and pelvic girdles
Shoulder Girdle
• Your shoulder girdle consists of two bones
• Clavicle
• Scapula
Scapula
• You have both a right and left scapula
• It connects to two bones
• Humerus
• Clavicle
• The scapula is sometimes called the “shoulder blade”
Clavicle• Your clavicle is a small bone that connects to two bones
• Sternum
• Scapula
• Your clavicle is sometimes called your “collar bone”
• It is fragile. It only takes approximately 8 pounds of pressure to break.
Arm bones
• There are three bones that make up the bones of your arm
• The humerus
• The radius
• The ulna
Humerus• The humerus is the bone in your upper arm
• It connects to three bones
• The radius
• The ulna
• The scapula
• You get the term “funny bone” from your humerus.
The Radius
• The radius is one of two bones of your lower arm
• In anatomical position it is the bone on your “thumb side” of your arm
• It gets its name because it has a circular head. Think about the radius of a circle when remembering which one is which.
The Ulna
• The ulna is the other bone in your lower arm
• It is responsible for creating a majority of the joint of your elbow
• It is on the pinky side of your arm in anatomical position.
The Hands
• Your hands are made up of 27 bones.
• You have 14 phalanges
• You have 5 metacarpals
• you have 8 carpal bones
Phalanges
• The phalanges make up the “finger bones” of your hand
• Each finger has three phalanges except for the thumb which has only two.
Metacarpals
• Your metacarpals are the bones of your hand that are long bones
• You have one for each finger
Carpals
• You have carpal bones which make up the bones of your wrist
• These 8 bones are bound by ligaments to restrict their movement
Pelvic Girdle
• Your legs attach to your thorax via the pelvic girdle
• The pelvic girdle is made up of a left and right os coxae.
Os Coxae
• Each os coxae is made up of three bones that are fused together in early development
• The Ischium
• The Ilium
• The Pubis
The ischium
• The ischium is the curved bone that forms the obturator foramen of the os coxae
• It connects to both the ilium and pubis at the acetabulum
Ilium
• The ilium is the large fan like bone that forms the “hip” portion of the os coxae
• The width from one iliac crest to the other is called the false pelvis
• The true pelvis is near the pelvic outlet
Pubis
• The pubis is the anterior connection point of the left and right os coxae
• It is the smallest of the 3 bones that make up the os coxae.
Male and Female differences in ossa Coxae
• The female inlet is large and more circular
• The female bones are usually lighter and thinner
• The angle of the pubic arch is usually greater than 90 degrees
Legs
• Like your arms your legs are made up of three bones
• One bone makes up the upper leg
• Two bones make up the lower leg
Femur
• The femur is the largest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the entire body
• It has a large ball head the connects to the acetabulum of the ossa coxae
Fibula and Tibia• You have two bones that make up the lower legs
• The fibula -- skinner and on the lateral side in anatomical position
• The tibia -- bigger and bulkier than the fibula. Located medially to the fibula.
• Only the tibia connects to the femur and patella
Feet
• Your feet are composed of 26 bones
• We break the feet up into 3 sections similar to our hands
• Phalanges
• Metatarsals
• Tarsals
Phalanges
• Just like in your hands you have 14 phalanges
• The consist of a proximal, medial, and distal phalange
• Your “big toe” is constructed similarly to your thumb and does not have a medial phalange
Metatarsals
• Just like in your hands you have 5 metatarsals
• Each one corresponds to a set of phalanges
Tarsals
• In your feet you have 7 tarsal bones
• The two biggest are the talus and calcaneus
• The talus connects your feet to your tibia and fibula
• Your calcaneus is your “heel”
Patella
• Your “knee cap” is a singular bone
• It connects to the femur, and tibia