Application of CAMx and CHIMERE models over Italy Guido PIROVANO

CESI

Application of CAMx and CHIMERE models over Italy

Guido PIROVANO

Stefano AlessandriniMatteo Paolo CostaGiovanni ManziCesare PertotAnna Toppetti

CESI Research CentreMilan

Bertrand BessagnetCécile Honoré

INERIS

CESI

CESI

Agenda

• CAMx - CHIMERE features

• Domain and input data

• Model results

• Comparison with observations

• Conclusions

CESI

CAMx - CHIMERE features

CAMx - Gas Module

• 1 or 2 size bins• Primary PM

CRS, PRM, PEC, POA

• ISORROPIANO3

-, NH4+, SO4

=, Na, Cl

• SOAPSOA1-4

CHIMERE - V200402D

• 6 size bins• Primary PM• SOA• ISORROPIA

NO3-, NH4

+, SO4=

CHIMERE - V200501G

• idem + Boundary conditions• dust (desert + erosion)• new meteo (ERA40)•new deposition (as EMEP)

CAMx - Aerosol Module

• CB-IV

CESI

Domain Chemical stations

-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800

PSP - Km

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

PS

P -

km

VEZZANORIVA_GAVARES_VI

DONNASLIMITOBIELLA VENEZ_PBVERON_TO

MOTTA_VITORIN_LI

JOLA_SAVMIGNANE BOLOG_GM

PIE_TECO

FIREN_SE

PERUG_CO

LEONESSA

ROMA_TCFONTEC

NAPOL_AS

PALER_BF

-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800

PSP - Km

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

PS

P -

km PESCA_TA

ROMA_MGR

FIREN_GR

PALER_BG

PERUG_FO

POTEN_FI

LIMITOMEDA

FERRA_SG

ISPRA

M_LIBRE

Background - R ura lBackground - SuburbanBackground - U rbanTraffic - SuburbanTraffic - U rban

GAS (Airbase) PM (Airbase + EMEP)

CESI

Input data

CAMx • Grid 25x25 km (PSP); 13 v.lev. (70 m); • Meteo RAMS with ECMWF analysis• Boundary CHIMERE v200402D• Emissions area: APAT2000 + EMEP; lps: APAT + EPER (700)

(Gas, PPM, PC)CHIMERE - V200402D

CHIMERE - V200501G

• Grid 50x50 Km ; 8 vert. Levels (up to 700 Hpa)• Meteo ECMWF (50 Km)• Boundary MOZART (gas) • Emissions EMEP (1999)

• Grid 50x50 Km ; 8 vert. Levels (up to 500 Hpa)• Meteo ERA40 + MM5 (36 Km)• Boundary MOZART (gas) + GOCART (aerosol)• Emissions EMEP (1999)

CESI

CHIMERE as Boundary Conditions for CAMx

Main features

• Grid 0.5 x 0.5 °; 8 vertical levels (from 40 m up to 3500 agl)

• Temporal res. 3 hourly

• Gas species O3, NO, NO2, HNO3, PAN, SO2, CO, NH3, SULF

Ethane, Ethene, n-Butane, Isoprene, HCHO, -pin• Aerosol 6 bins (4 up to PM25; 5 up to PM10;)

PPM, ASOA, BSOA, NH4, SO4, NO3, Water

Link to CAMx

• Linear interpolation both in space and time

• VOC allocation into CB-IV classes

• Aerosol aggregation into CAMx classes

CESI

Model results (21 June - 4 July 1999) O3

CAMx CHIMERE 2004 CHIMERE 2005

-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800

PSP - Km

-500

0

500

PS

P -

km

M ILA N O V E N E ZIAV E R O N ATO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O

[ppb]

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

La

t

M ILA N O V E N E ZIAV E R O N A

TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

[ppb]

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

La

t


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

[ppb]

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

La

t


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

[ppb]

CESI

Model results (21 June - 4 July 1999) CO


-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800

PSP - Km

-500

0

500

PS

P -

km


B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O

115

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

[ppb]

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

Lat


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O 120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

[ppb]

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

Lat


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O

115 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

[ppb]

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

Lat


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O

115 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

[ppb]

CESI

Model results (21 June - 4 July 1999) NO2


-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800

PSP - Km

-500

0

500

PS

P -

km


B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O

1

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

[ppb]

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

La

t


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O 1

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

[ppb]

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

Lat


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O

1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

[ppb]

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

La

t


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O

1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

[ppb ]

CESI

Model results (21 June - 4 July 1999) HNO3


-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800

PSP - Km

-500

0

500

PS

P -

km


DONNASLIM ITO

BIELLA VENEZ_PBVERON_TOMOTTA_VI

TORIN_LI

JOLA_SAV

MIGNANE BOLOG_GM

PIE_TECO

FIREN_SE

PERUG_CO

LEONESSA

ROMA_TC

FONTEC

NAPOL_AS

PALER_BF

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

[ppb]

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

Lat


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O 0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

[ppb]

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

Lat


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

[ppb]

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

La

t


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

[ppb]

CESI

Model results (21 June - 4 July 1999) NH3


4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

Lat


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O

1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

[ppb]

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

La

t


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O

1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

[ppb ]

-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800

PSP - Km

-500

0

500

PS

P -

km


DONNASLIMITO

BIELLA VENEZ_PBVERON_TOMOTTA_VI

TORIN_LI

JOLA_SAV

MIGNANE BOLOG_GM

PIE_TECO

FIREN_SE

PERUG_CO

LEONESSA

ROMA_TC

FONTEC

NAPOL_AS

PALER_BF

1

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

[ppb]

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

La

t

M ILAN O V E N E ZIAV E R O N A

TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR EN ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A PO LI

P A LER M O 1

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

[ppb]

CESI

Model results (21 June - 4 July 1999) PM10


4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

Lat


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O [ppb]

04

81

21

62

02

42

83

23

64

0

-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800

PSP - Km

-500

0

500

PS

P -

km


B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O

0

4

8

12

16

20

24

28

32

36

40

[ug/m 3]

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

Lat

M ILA N O V EN E ZIAV ER O N A

TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P ER U G IA

R O M A

N AP O LI

P ALE R M O

[ug /m 3]

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

Lat


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O

[ug /m 3]

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40

CESI

Model results (21 June - 4 July 1999) PPM


-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800

PSP - Km

-500

0

500

PS

P -

km


B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O

1

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

[ug/m 3]

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

Lat


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O [ppb]

12

46

81

01

21

41

61

82

0

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

La

t


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O

[ug /m 3]

1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

La

t


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O

[ug /m 3]

1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

CESI

Model results (21 June - 4 July 1999) NO3-


-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800

PSP - Km

-500

0

500

PS

P -

km


B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O

0.1

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

[ug/m 3]

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

La

t


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O [ppb]

0.1

12

34

56

78

910

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

La

t


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O

[ug /m 3]

0 .1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

Lat


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O

[ug /m 3]

0 .1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

CESI

Model results (21 June - 4 July 1999) NH4+


-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800

PSP - Km

-500

0

500

PS

P -

km


B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

[ug/m 3]

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

La

t


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O [ug /m 3]

00

.51

1.5

22

.53

3.5

44

.55

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

Lat


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O

[ug /m 3]

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

Lat


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O

[ug /m 3]

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

CESI

Model results (21 June - 4 July 1999) SO4=


-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800

PSP - Km

-500

0

500

PS

P -

km


B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

[ug/m 3]

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

La

t


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O [ug /m 3]

02

46

810

1214

1618

20

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

Lat

M ILA N O V EN E ZIAV ER O N A

TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P ER U G IA

R O M A

N AP O LI

P ALE R M O

[ug /m 3]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Lon

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

Lat


TO R IN O

B O LO G N A

FIR E N ZE

P E R U G IA

R O M A

N A P O LI

P A LE R M O

[ug /m 3]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

CESI

Comparison with observations O3

TORIN_LI

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4

[pp

b]

Obs CAMx CHIM_2004 CHIM_2005

CESI


MOTTA_VI

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4

[pp

b]


CESI


ROMA_TC

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4

[pp

b]


CESI


PALER_BF

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4

[pp

b]


CESI

Comparison with observations NO2

MOTTA_VI

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

[pp

b]

CAMx CHIM_2004 CHIM_2005 Misure

ROMA_TC

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

[pp

b]


TORIN_LI

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

[pp

b]


PALER_BF

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

[pp

b]

Misure CAMx CHIM_2004 CHIM_2005

CESI

Mean day CO

MOTTA_VI

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

[pp

b]

CAMx CHIM_2004 CHIM_2005

BOLOG_GM

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

[pp

b]


FONTEC

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

[pp

b]


NAPOL_AS

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

[pp

b]


CESI

Comparison with observations PM10

POTEN_FI

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4

[ug

/m3]

Obs CAMx CHIM_2004 CHIM_2005 CHIM_2005_ant

FERRA_SG

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4

[ug

/m3]


LIMITO

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4

[ug

/m3]


MEDA

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4

[ug

/m3]


CESI

Comparison with observations Nitrate

HNO3

M_LIBRE

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4

[ug

/m3]


NO3-ISPRA

0

5

10

15

20

25

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4

[ug

/m3]


M_LIBRE

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4

[ug

/m3]


ISPRA

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4

[ug

/m3]


CESI

Comparison with observations AmmoniumISPRA

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4

[ug

/m3]


NH3

M_LIBRE

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4

[ug

/m3]


NH4ISPRA

0

5

10

15

20

25

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4

[pp

b]


M_LIBRE

0

5

10

15

20

25

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4

[pp

b]


CESI

Comparison with observations Sulfate

SO2 SO4ISPRA

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4

[ug

/m3]


M_LIBRE

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4

[ug

/m3]


ISPRA

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4

[pp

b]


M_LIBRE

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4

[pp

b]


CESI

Aerosol Composition

CAMx CHIMERE 2004 CHIMERE 2005ISPRA - PM10 = 15.3 [ug/m3]

16%

26%

23%

6%

14%

15%PNH4

PNO3

PSO4

SOA

PPM_NC

PPM_C

ISPRA - PM10 = 21.9 [ug/m3]

0%

37%

10%

10%

19%24%

pDUST

PPM

PNH4

PNO3

PSO4

SOA

ISPRA - PM10 = 16.4 [ug/m3]

20%

28%

8%

6%

17%

21%

pDUST

PPM

PNH4

PNO3

PSO4

SOA

M_LIBRE - PM10 = 12.7 [ug/m3]

18%

16%

35%

6%

11%

14% PNH4

PNO3

PSO4

SOA

PPM_NC

PPM_C

M_LIBRE - PM10 = 14.1 [ug/m3]

0%

44%

9%

3%

23%

21%

pDUST

PPM

PNH4

PNO3

PSO4

SOA

M_LIBRE - PM10 = 17.1 [ug/m3]

33%

24%

7%1%

19%

16%

pDUST

PPM

PNH4

PNO3

PSO4

SOA

CESI

Conclusions

• Models have shown a coherent behaviour

• Ozone episodes are correctly reproduced

• PM10 patterns over Italy are correctly reproduced

• CAMx generally predicts higher concentrations of inorganic compounds…

…but underestimates secondary organic fraction

• Upgrades in CHIMERE 2005 generally improve model performances

• Differences within models do not seem to be directly related to step size… …but mainly to input configuration (Emissions, Meteo fields,…)

• Po Valley is the most critical area (as expected!)

CESI

Some ideas for the future...

• Near Future….

• Perform yearly simulations (analysing also deposition)

• (Not too) Far Future...

• Perform long term simulations for different years

• Apply RAMS-CAMx (with PREV’AIR?) to supply air

quality forecasts over Italian domain

• Perform simulations also at regional/urban scale

(CAMX implements two way nesting …)

CESI

Acknowledgements

CESI contribution of this paper has been supported by the MICA (Italian Ministry of Industry, Trade and Handicraft) in the frame of Energy Research Program for the Italian Electric System (MICA Decree of February 28, 2003), Project on SCENARI.

Documents

Application of CAMx and CHIMERE models over Italy Guido PIROVANO