• Application of Synchrophasors in Power Plants Incorporated with Condition Monitoring Systems

• Nagarjun.Y

• Assistant Engineer

• Karnataka Power Corporation Limited

• IndiaK P C L

Outline

• Synchrophasor Technology

• Potential Applications in Power Plants

• Integrating with Condition Monitoring

Systems

EMS – 60’s & 70’s Analog, hardwired

The Grid of Future – Smart Grid Evolution

Synchrophasor Technology

Courtesy: CERTS/EPG

Traditional Measurements Synchrophasor Measurements

Voltage Voltage, Current, Frequency

(rate of change)

MW, MVAR MW, MVAR

RMS Magnitude Magnitude & phase angle

Average sampling over 100ms 1-5 cycle averaging

Reporting 1-2s Report 10-60 per second

Time tag at EMS Time tag at measurement

SCADA Data Vs PMU Data

Courtesy: NASPI

SCADA Data PMU Data

Refresh rate 2-5 seconds Refresh rate 30-60 sample/sec

Latency and skew Time tagged data, minimal

latency

‘Older’ legacy communication Compatible with modern

communication technology

Responds to quasi-static

behavior

Responds to system dynamic

behavior

Frequency change means:

Sudden Gen-Load MW

imbalance somewhere in the

grid

Angle-pair change means:

Sudden MW change in a

specific location of the grid

X-ray MRI

Synchrophasor Infrastructure

• Measurement Layer - PMUs

• Data Collection Layer - PDCs

• Application Layer

PDC

Synchrophasor Technology Worldwide

India

RussiaJapan

Brazil

World Wide

Europe

N.America

China

JapanIndia

Russia

S.Africa

Brazil

Mexico

Australia

PMUs in Europe

France

Switzerland

Italy

Spain

Denmark

Norway

Finland

Sweden

Iceland

PMUs in North America

as of 2007 as of 2014Over 2000 deployed

PMUs in Eastern Europe, Central

Asia & Siberia Interconnected power system (IPS) Ukraine

Belorussia

Latvia

Lithuania

Estonia

Moldova

Georgia

Azerbaijan

Uzbekistan

Kyrgyzstan

Tajikistan

Mongolia

Unified power system (UPS) Russia

Kazakhstan 26 PMUs are located in major power plants

and substations on UPS and IPS

PMUs in China

• Over 1000 PMUs deployed

• All 500kV and above substations and 100 MW

and above power plants have PMUs

PMUs in India

As of 2010 - 04 PMUs

As of 2014 - 62 PMUs

A approval to install 1700

PMUs, 32 PDCs and

Analytic software at 6.5

Billion INR is approved

under URTDSM Scheme,

which includes 11,000 km

of optical fiber.

Synchrophasor Project

Architecture in India

Setup at the NLDC

Site installation

Pre.1991 Dec. 2013

WRER

NR

NER

SR

Total - 62 PMUsNR - 14 Nos.

WR - 16 Nos.

ER - 12 Nos.

SR - 12 Nos.

NER - 08 Nos.

Operational Experiences

• Fault detection, classification and analysis

• Low Frequency Oscillation

• Detection of Coherent Group of Generators

• Islanding Detection and their resynchronization with

the grid

• Dynamic Model Validation Using Synchrophasor data

• Visualization of PSS testing

• Monitoring of Natural disasters(Reference: POSOCO Report on Synchrophasors Initiative in India)

Synchronization of SR Grid with NEW

Grid at 20:25 hours of 31-Dec-2013

N-E-W Grid

SR

Grid

Two Grids-Two Frequency One Grid-One Frequency

Low Frequency Oscillation

On 9-12 August 2014

Coherent Group observed for 0.75 Hz Coherent Group observed for 0.6 Hz

Oscillations in Grid has resulted in tripping of

Generating units and lines

APL Mundra Station, Gujarat

Figures are examples of long-term data used to analyze the effects of power

system disturbances on critical stations

Multiple tripping of 400kV lines due to Current Transformer (CT) Failure

Schematic diagram of affected area

during CT failure at a Substation

400 kV bus voltage from PMU during CT

failure at a Substation

Large Generation Loss Example

Tripping of running Units at

Vijayawada Thermal Power Station (VTPS)

SCADA diagram displaying the area affected400 kV Ramagundam bus voltage during

tripping at Vijayawada TPS

Large Generation Loss Example

Schematic diagram of the area affected during

multiple tripping at Mamidapalli Substation

400 kV Ramagundam bus voltage during

fault at Mamidapalli substation

Multiple tripping at 400/220 kV Mamidapalli substation

due to failure of CT and Bus post Insulator

Large Area Blackout Example

Essential applications in Power Plants

• Measure – MW, MVAR, frequency, Terminal voltage, field V & I

• Rotor Angle Measurement - Record synchronizing time

• Asset management - Event analysis, Equipment mal-operations

and health monitoring and model validation

• Tariff requirements

Monitoring Module

Condition MonitoringSensors

Monitoring Centre / Server

PMUs

Integrating PMUs with Online Condition Monitoring

• Generator settings verification

• Equipment commissioning

• Monitoring system current unbalance to

protect large generator rotors

• Turbine monitoring

• Relay conversion to PMU

Applications in the Future

– Technology Deployment

– Data Identification

– Data Handling

– Maintenance & Problem Identification

– Data Transmission

– Renewable Resource Integration

Challenges

Conclusion

With massive installation of PMUs, grid control has

improved to a large extent to make the Grid Smart

But the reality is…..

‘Large Blackouts will occur again in the future’…..

Our power grid is too complex to make it fail-safe…..!

Thank You

So, are we a Utility of the future to face the Challenge…?