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B.A.Glowacki Bartek A. Glowacki

Reader in Applied Superconductivity

IRC in Superconductivity

&

Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE

Superconducting materials for electric power: cable, transformer, FCL

Superconductivity and the electricity supply industries27th November 2003, London

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Market and material projections: (a) Price/performance of NbTi, Bi2223 and YBCO conductors versus years; (b) Projections of the LTS and HTS market which is sheared between electronics, power, industrial processing, medical care and transportation. 1995 estimation conducted at International Superconductivity Industry Summit, Yamanashi 1996, numbers corrected according to data in early 2003 (solid lines). Corrected projection conducted at Cambridge University in 2003. •Military use of expensive Coated Conductors is different from civilian market. •Development of YBCO coated conductor is a technology driver, not a Cu or Fe replacement.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

1996 HTS prediction2003 HTS prediction1996 LTS prediction2003 LTS prediction

Billi

ons

$

Years

Predicted in 1995 cross over between HTS and LTS

1. LTS & HTS market prediction

0.1

1

10

100

1000

104

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

NbTi (multi)Bi2223 (multi)YBCO (cc)Nb3Sn (multi)N3Al (multi)

$/kAm

years

2003

B.A.Glowacki, Cambridge

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Current x length prediction vs time? LTS or HTS or MTS ?

Projections of the LTS and HTS market which is sheared between: electronics, power, industrial processing, medical care and transportation. 1996 estimation conducted at International Superconductivity Industry Summit, Yamanashi 1996, numbers corrected according to data in early 2003 (solid lines).

TODAY

Conductor technology

0

10

20

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40

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80

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

1996 HTS prediction2003 HTS prediction1996 LTS prediction2003 LTS prediction

Billio

ns $

Years

Predicted in 1995 cross over between HTS and LTS

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1. LTS Jc vs B

Transport critical current density vs magnetic field:

(a) low temperature superconductors and MgB2

(b) Low temperature superconductors Nb-Al.

(a) (b)

103

104

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106

107

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Nb3(Al) Resistive heating Nb3(Al) Resistive heating + 700oC/48h Nb3(Al) Electron beam + 700oC/48h Nb3(Al) Solid state diffusion Nb3(Al,Ge)-E.B.+700oC/100h Nb3(Al,Ge)-Sigma phase+700oC/100hNb3(Al,Ge) -LQ(bcc->A15) + 820oC/100hNb3(Al0.8,Ge0.2) RHQT Nb3Al RHQT

Tran

sport

cri

tica

l cu

rren

t d

ensi

ty,

Jc (

Acm

-2)

Magnetic Field, oH (T)

103

104

105

106

107

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

MgB2 Fe-sintered MgB2/YSZ/HaselloyNbTiNb3Sn VAC(Pb,Sn)Mo6S8(Nb,Ta)6Sn5 + Nb4at%Ta Nb3Ga RQNb3Ga RQ 5.9 Jmm-3/650C/200hNb3(Al,Ge)-Sigma phase+700oC/100h

Tra

nspo

rt J

c (A

cm-2

)

Magnetic field (T)

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MRI

NMR

Nb-TiCu

Cu

Nb3Sn

NbTi

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Qui ckTi me™ and aDV - PAL decompressor

are needed to see thi s pi cture.

LTS generators and cables

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Performance of LTc, MTc and HTc Superconducting conductors

103

104

105

10 6

10 7

0 2 4 6 8 10

YBCO YBCOTl1223Tl1223Bi2223Bi2223

Tran

sport

J c

(A

cm-2)

Magnetic Field, oH (T)

103

10 4

10 5

10 6

10 7

0 5 10 15 20 25

MgB2 Fe-sintered MgB2/YSZ/HaselloyNbTiNb3Sn VAC(Nb,Ti)3Sn s.s.d(Nb,Ta)6Sn5 + Nb4at%Ta Nb3Ga as quenchedNb3Ga-1fil./Q+650oC, 200h(Pb,Sn)Mo6S8

Tran

spor

t crit

ical

cur

rent

den

sity

, J

c

[Acm

-2]

Magnetic filed, oH [T]

Transport critical current density vs magnetic field: (a) low and medium temperature superconductors 1, (b) high temperature superconductors.

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Applications

Qui ckTi me™ and aDV - PAL decompressor

are needed to see thi s pi cture.

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104

105

106

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

YBCO @ 75KBSCCO @ 4.2KBSCCO @ 20KBSCCO @ 77KMgB2 @ 4.2KMgB2 @ 20K

Tran

spo

rt c

riti

cal

curr

en

t d

en

sity

Jc

(Acm

-2)

Magnetic field oH (Tesla)

MOTOR

CABLE

Ta 2-10 wt.% ex-situ and in -situ bulks; high-pressure synthesis. @ 20K

APPLICATIONS

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Compositional Applicability of YBaCuO conductors and bulk

materials

Contour lines of Tc, Jc and normalised diamagnetic signal intensity on the fragment of the Y2BaCuO5-BaCu2-CuO phase diagram marked in

(a) critical temperature Tc (K);

(b) critical current density Jc (Acm-2) at 77K and 0 Tesla;

(c) normalised diamagnetic signal intensity.

Purification of the Grain Boundaries by excess of Y (red dot)

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REBa2Cu3O7 Coated Conductor R&D