Apuntes Ingles i

8/4/2019 Apuntes Ingles i

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SOME EXPRESSIONS USED IN

CLASSROOM

Asking the time classroom language.

What time is it? What’s this called in english?

What’s the time? How do you say that in english?

Can you tell me the time, please? Can you repeat that?

SPELLING can you speak slowly, please?

How do you spell that? I don’t understand.

Ff= double f I can’t see.

F= capital f I can’t hear.

F=small f What does that mean?

TELEPHONE NUMBERS What’s the answer to number one?

0= zero How do you pronounce that?

77=double seven

VOCABULARY.

Days of the week.

Sunday Thursday

Monday Friday

Tuesday Saturday.

Wednesday

Colors.



Black green red

Blue orange white

Brown pink yellow

Gray purple

MONTHS.

January May September

February June October

March July November

April August December

CLASSROOM OBJECTS

Bag computer pen

Board desk pencil

Book eraser whiteout

CD player notebook

Chair paper

NUMBERS.

One twenty

Two twenty-one

Three twenty-two

Four thirty

Five forty

Six fifty



Seven sixty

Eight seventy

Nine eighty

Ten ninety

Eleven a/one hundred

Twelve a/one thousand

Thirteen

Fourteen

Fifteen

Sixteen

Seventeen

Eighteen

Nineteen



Present simple: to be

Affirmative Negative

I’m (=am) .

You’re (=are) in room 5.He’s (=is) from Mexico.

She’s (=is) from Brazil.

It’s (=is) Mia.

We’re (=are) American.

They’re (=are) from Costa Rica.

I’m not (=am not) a student.

You aren’t (=are not) in room 4. He isn’t (=is not) from Canada.

She isn’t (=is not) twenty.

It isn’t (=is not) our class.

We aren’t (=are not) Indian

They aren’t (= are not) teachers.

We usually use the contraction when speaking.

We use the full form in formal writing.

You, is both singular and plural.

Question Short answers

Am i in this class?

Are you American?

Is your mom American?

Is he from Spain?

Is this room 5?

Are we in this room?

Are they the same age?

Yes, you are/ no, you aren’t

Yes, i am./ no, I’m not.

Yes, she is./no, she isn’t.

Yes, he is./ no, he isn’t.

Yes, it is./ no, it isn’t.

Yes, we are./ no, we aren’t.

Yes, they are./ no, they aren’t.

Question forms with question word(s)

Where am I?

How old are you?

Where is Sacramento?

To make questions with to be, we invert the subject and the verb:

Where are you from?

I am from the USA.

We don’t use the contracted form in affirmative short answers:

Yes, I am. Yes, I’m. X



Yes, he is. Yes, he’s. X

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES.

Subject pronoun Possessive adjective

I am American

You’re in room 5. She’s a student

He’s 21

It’s my pet parrot

We’re from lowa University.

They’re from Quebec.

My name’s Rosario

Your teacher is Mr. Fenton.Her name’s Mia.

His birthday is in November.

Its name is Marcel.

Our school is great.

Their first language is French.

His is used for a man and her is used for a woman.

You’re and your sound the same:

You’re in room 5. Your teacher is Ms. Gaines.

Your is both singular and plural.

SOME EXPRESSIONS.

Meeting people and exchanging personal information.

Hi. Hello

What’s your name? Mia./my name’s Mia.

Where are you from? I’m from Rio.

How old are you? I’m nineteen.

E-mail language

Start an informal e-mail or letter whit: Hi!

Finish an informal e-mail or letter with: Bye for now! Or Write soon!

@=at =dot

Lower case UPPER CASE alone word.

VOCABULARY.



Country and Nationality.

Country Nationality Country Nationality

Brazil Brazilian Japan Japanese

Britain British Mexico Mexican

Canadá Canadian Spain Spanish

India Indian the USA American

Italia Italian



This, that, these, those.

This, that, these, tho

those

We use this and these to talk about things that are near to us.

We use that and those to talk about things that are father away from us.

We use it’s or they’re in answers:

It’s a desk. They’re books.

A / an and plurals.

We use a and an to talk about one thing.

We use a before consonants and an before vowels:

I have a pencil and eraser.

We don’t use a or an to talk about more than one thing:

They’re bags.

Parts of speech.

Subject/pronoun Verb article adjective Noun

It

This

They

Is

Is

Are

A

An

_

Red

English

good

Pen .

Class.

Students.

Time expressions: in, on, at.

Singular Plural

This is a desk.

That is a table.

Those are books.

These are pens.



We use in with years, months and the morning/afternoon/evening:

In 1897, in July, in the evening

We use at with times and night:

at four o’clock, at night

We use on with days and the weekend:

on Monday, on the weekend.



PRESENT SIMPLE

We use the present simple to talk about habits and routines:

I don’t surf the net.

My mom sends text messages.


I have a new cell phone

You have a alptop

He has a CD player

She has a games console

The school has 12 rooms

We have math at 2 p.m.

They have three brothers.

I don’t have a camera

You don’t have my CD

He doesn’t have a DVD

She doesn’t have a dog

My dog doesn’t have fleas

We don’t have a laptop

They don’t have any CDs.

We add don’t or doesn’t to make negative sentences.

Don’t= do not and doesn’t= does not.

In formal writing, we use the full form.

We usually use the contraction when speaking.

The affirmative verb is the same with I, you, we and they.

With he, she and it, we add- s to the verb.

Send- sends

Play- plays

The verb to have is irregular:

Have- has

Question short answers



Do I have Mr. Duffy for English?

Do you have a digital camera?

Does she have a laptop?

Does he have a games console?

Does your school have a gym?

Do we have math in this room?

Do they have cell phones?

Yes, you do./no, you don’t

Yes, I do./ no, I don’t

Yes, she does./ no, she doesn’t

Yes, he does./no, he doesn’t.

Yes, it does./ no, it doesn’t.

Yes, we do./no, we don’t.

Yes, they do./ no, they don’t.


Where do you live?

What music does he like?

*to make questions, we add do or does. The word order stays the same.

I have a digital camera.

Do you have a digital camera?

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS.

Comparing and agreeing

I surf the net. Me, too! I don’ t.

I don’t have a computer. Me, neither! I do.

VOCABULARY.

Technology

CD player

Cell pone

Digital camera

DVD player

Game console

Laptop

To listen to music online



To play games online

To surf the net

To use e-mail

To visit chat rooms

CELEBRATIONS.

Anniversary

Birthday

Christmas.



COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE

NOUNS.

Countable nouns

singular plural Uncountable nouns

Egg

Hamburger

Strawberry

Pea

Eggs

Hamburgers

Strawberries

peas

Rice

Coffee

Meat

Pasta

EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY.

Affirmative Negative Question

SingularCountable

Plural

Countable

uncountable

I have a banana

She has some grapes

We have some rice

I don’t have an apple

She doesn’t have any

Tomatoes.

We don’t have any

pasta.

Do you have a DVDplayer?

Do they have any

beans?

Do you have any fish?

We use some and any when the exact quantity is not important. We use some in affirmative

sentences and we use any in questions and negatives.

In affirmative sentences, we can use some, a lot of or nothing:

It has some strawberries and some cream.

It has a lot of nuts and a lot of butter.

It has peas and fish.

HOW MUCH?, HOW MANY?

We use how much and how many to ask about quantity. We use how much with

Uncountable nouns and how many with plural countable nouns:

How much milk is there? How many eggs are there?



we also use how much to ask about prices:

how much is it? It’s $20.

A/AN, PER, EVERY.

We can use a/an, per and every in the same way:

I go swimming five times a week.

I run three times per week.

I go mountain biking once every month.

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS.

ORDERING A MEAL.

What can I get you? I’ll have a hamburger and some French fries.

And do drink? Two coffees, please.

And for dessert? I’ll have some fruit salad.

What’s in the fruit salad? It has apples…

How much is it? It’s $19.50.

VOCABULARY.

FOOD AND DRINK.

Apple main course

Bean meat

Bread milk

Butter nut

Candy orange juice

Cheese pasta

Chicken pea



Coffee rice

Cookie salad

Dessert soup

Egg starter

Fish strawberry

French fries tomato

Fruit vegetable lasagne

Fruit salad water

Grape yogurt

Hamburger



THERE IS / THERE ARE.


Uncountable

Singular countable

Plural countable

There’s some cheese.

There’s a supermarket.

There are some bars.

There isn’t any water.

There isn’t a pool.

There aren’t any malls.


Uncountable

Singular countable

Plural countable

Is there any coffee?

Is there a hotel?

Are there any stores?

Yes, there is./ no, there isn’t.


Yes, there is. Yes, there’s. X

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE.

We use prepositions of place to say where things are:

Y X

X

X is opposite Y. Y is opposite X. X is in front of Y.

Y

X is above Y.

Y is below X.

X Y



X Y second floor Y

X is next to Y. Y is next to X. first floor. X

X Y Z

Y is between X and Z.

A LOT OF / LOTS OF .

We use a lot of and lots to talk about large quantities. We use a lot of and lots of with countable

and uncountable nouns:

The store has a lot of fresh fruit.

There are lots of hotels downtown.

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS.

CUSTOMER SERVICE.

Excuse me? Yes, ma’am. How can I help you?

Where’s the newsstand? It’s next to the elevator.

Is there a florist? I’m sorry, sir, there isn’t.

Thank you./thanks? You’re welcome. / Not al all.

VOCABULARY.

City facilities: stores and mall facilities:

Bar bookstore

Bus station elevator



Hotel florist

Mall information desk

Market newsstand

Movie theater phone store

Park restaurant

Sports center restrooms

Subway station sports store

Swimming pool supermarket

Travel agency





Add – s to most verbs Call —calls

Take—takes

With verbs that end in a consonant – y,

Take away the-y and add – ies

Study —studies

Fly — flies

With verbs that end in, ch, sh, s, x, add – es. Watch—watches

Wash—washes

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:

Interview language:

Please take a seat.

What’s the salary?

How are you today?

What are my duties?

Tell me about yourself.

We’ll be in touch.

Do you have any questions?

Thank you for your time.

VOCABULARY:

Family: jobs job duties

Aunt company director to answer the phone

Brother doctor to call clients

Cousin homemaker to organize meetings

Daughter lawyer to sell products

Father / dad PA (personal assistant) to speak another language

Grandfather / grandpa police officer to take orders

Grandmother /grandma salesclerk to use a computer



Mother/mom salesperson to visit clients

Sister teacher

Son

Uncle



A / AN

We use a or an to talk about one thing. We use a before consonants:

I have a plate and a fork.

We use an before vowels:

Do you have an ice chest?

We use some and any when the quantity is not important. We use some and any with plural

countable nouns and uncountable nouns.

We use some in affirmative sentences:

I have some apples and some cheese.

We use any in most questions:

Do you have any matches?

We use some in questions when we expect that the answer is yes:

Do you have some money?

We use any in negatives:

I don’t have any bread and I don’t have any matches.

SPELLING: PLURAL NOUNS.

RULE Singular Plural

Add –s to most nouns Fork

Flashlight

Forks

Flashlights

Add –es to nouns ending in s.

sh, x or ch.

Box

Bus

Match

Boxes

Buses

Matches

Add –ies to nouns ending in

consonant y

Family

Dictionary

Families

Dictionaries

Add –ves to nouns ending infe

KnifeLife

KnivesLives

Irregular Man

Woman

Men

Women



Child

person

Children

People

IMPERATIVES.

We use imperatives to give instructions and advice.

We use a verb to make affirmative imperatives:

Follow me! Keep to the paths.

We add don’t to imperatives to make them negative:

Don’t sit there!

We don’t use a subject in imperatives:

Sit down! You sit down!

Don’t swim in the ocean. You don’t swim in the ocean.

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:

MAKING SUGGESTIONS:

Let’s eat! Good idea!

We could stay in a hotel. I don’t think so.

Why don’t we go to a restaurant? No way!

Let’s get started. OK, why not?

VOCABULARY:

Camping items. Verb and noun phrases.

Backpack to go home

Boots to go into forest

First-aid kit to go to a restaurant

Flashlight to keep food in your tent

Fork to keep to the paths



Ice chest to make a campfire

Knife to make loud noises

Matches

Plate

Sleeping bag

Spoon

Tent



Present continuous.

We use the present continuous to talk about actions happening now or around now.

We form the present continuous with the verb to be – ing form of the verb.


I’m wearing a pink skirt.

He/she/it’s working this week.

You/we/they’re buying ice cream.

I’m not wearing jeans.

He/she/it isn’t working.

You/we/they aren’t buying a coke.


Am I helping?

Are you taking photos?Is he/she/it working?

Are we/they staying in this hotel?

Yes, you are./No, you aren’t.

Yes./no, I’m not. Yes, he/she/it is./no, he /she/it isn’t.

Yes, we/they are. / no, we /they aren’t.


What is he/she/it doing?

What are you /we/they wearing?


Yes, it is. Yes, it’s. X

Yes, they are. Yes, they’re.

SPELLING: -ING FORM OF VERB.

Add –ing to most verbs Stand—standing

Laugh—laughing

With verbs that end in a consonant –e, take away

the –e and add –ing.

Take—taking

Write—writing

Make—making

With verbs that end in consonant –vowel –

consonant, double the final consonant and add –ing.

Sit—sitting

Swim--swimming



PRESENT CONTINUOUS VS PRESENT

SIMPLE.

We use the presents simple to describe actions that are usually true:

I work in San Francisco. I have dark hair.

We use the present continuous to describe actions that are happening now:

I’m watching the TV. He’s cutting my hair.

WORD ORDER.

We put adjectives before nouns:

A red jacket. A shirt blue.

A fast car. A class difficult.

PUNCTUATION AND LINKERS.

We use commas(,) and to list things:

Andy is wearing white shorts, a blue T-shirt and sandals.

I’ll have a hamburger, French fries, beans and some coffee.

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:

Describing physical appearance.

What does he look like? He’s really good-looking

Is he tall? No, he’s short.

Does he have dark hair? No, he has fair hair.

Vocabulary:

Action verbs clothes physical



To buy dress appearance

To eat jacket dark hair

To laugh jeans fair hair

To look at pants good-looking

To play shirt long hair

To sit to stand shoes pretty

To take (photos) skirt short

Sweater short hair

Tennis shoes tall

T-shirt



CAN/ CAN’T.

We use can and can’t to talk about skills and abilities.


I can dance.

You can sing really well.

He can cook.

She can paint.

An ostrich can run fast.

We can play volleyball.

They can play the piano.

I can’t sing.

You can’t dance.

He can’t drive.

She can’t speak Italian.

It can’t fly.

We can’t swim.

They can’t do first aid,


Can I sing?

Can you dance?

Can he drive?

Can she speak French?

Can an ostrich fly?

Can we swim?

Can they take photos?

Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.

Yes, he can. / No, he can’t.

Yes, she can. / No, she can’t.

Yes, it can. / No, it can’t.

Yes, we can. / No, we can’t.

Yes, they can. / No, they can’t.

We don’t add-s to the verb with he, she and it:

He can drive. She can plays tennis.

VERB AND NOUN COLLOCATIONS: PLAY, DO, GO.

We can combine verbs and nouns to make collocations.

When you learn a sport or activity, try to learn the verb that goes with it.

Use play with ball sports Play golf play basketball

Play hockey

Use go with activities ending in- ing Go ice skating go swimming

Go cycling

Use do with other sports and activities. Do karate do track and field

Do gym

AND, BUT, OR:

We use and, but and or to join ideas.



I can play tennis and basketball.

Useful expressions:

Talking about ability.

I’m really bad at ice skating.

I’m not bad at swimming.

I’m pretty good at tennis.

I’m really good at volleyball.

Vocabulary:

Sports recreational activities

Basketball to cook

Cycling to do first aid

Golf to draw

Gym to drive

Hockey to paint

Ice skating to play basketball

Karate to play the piano

Track and field to ride a bike

Volleyball to speak another language

To swim



Adverbs of frequency and how often.

Adverbs of frequency describe how often we do things.

They neverWork late on

Fridays

He’s sometimes Late for work.

She often haseggs for

breakfast.

We usually go tothe gym after

work.

I always get upbefore seven

o’clock.

0% 25% 75% 90% 100%

We put adverbs of frequency before most verbs:

We usually play tennis on Saturday morning.

We put the adverbs after the verb to be:

I’m never late for school.

We use how often to ask about frequency:

How often do you arrive at work before nine?

LIKE, LOVE, HATE – ING.

After like, love and hate, we use a noun or a verb –ing:

I love pizza and French fries!

Do you like eating out at restaurants?

He hates going clubbing.

I /you/we/they He/she/it.



Affirmative

Negative

Yes/no question

Short answers

I hate watching TV.

They don’t like going out.

Do you like shopping?

Yes, I do.

No, I don’t

She loves listening to music.

He doesn’t like eating out.

Does she like volleyball

Yes, she does.

No, she doesn’t.

Indefinite pronouns:

100%

50-90%

10-50%

0%

Everybody likes chocolate.

Most people love ice cream.

Some people hate fast food.

Nobody likes fish ice cream.

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:

Tell me about your typical day.

What time do you get up?

What do you do after that?

How often do you go shopping?

I get up at ten on the weekend/Saturdays.

First I take a shower.

Next I get dressed.

Then we take the children to school.

VOCABULARY:

DAILY ROUTINIE ACTIVITIES: FREE-TIME ACTIVITIES:

To arrive at work eating out at restaurants

To eat breakfast going to clubs



To get dressed going in-line skating

To get home going to the movies

To get up hanging out with friends

To go shopping having fun on the beach

To leave home listening to music

To take a shower watching TV

To take the children to school



WH- QUESTIONS.

We use who, where, what, what time, how and to ask questions.

To ask about We usePeople

Places

Things

Times

The way you do things

reasons

Who is your favorite pop singer?

Where is the train station?

What music do you like?

What time do you arrive home?

How do you get there?

Why does he have two cars?

Modifiers and How- adjective.

We use how – adjective to ask about degrees of a quality:

How fast is your car?

How far is it from London to Manchester?

We use the modifiers really, very, pretty and not very to talk about the degrees of a quality.

How hot is it?

15°c 25°c 32°c 40°c

It isn’t very hot in

Britain.

It’s pretty hot in

Spain.

It’s very hot brazil. It’s really hot in the

Sahara.

Useful expressions.

TALKING ABOUT THE WEATHER AND SEASONS.

What’s the weather like winter? It’s very cold, so wear warm clothes.

How cold is it? It’s really cold, around -10°C.

Vocabulary:



FESTIVALS WEATHER ADJECTIVES. SEASONS

To celebrate cloudy spring

To dress up in costumes cold summer

To have a party cool fall/autumn

To make food dry hot winter

To play music rainy

To take part in parades snowy

To visit friends sunny

To watch fireworks warm

Windy

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