Aramid Dyeing CHT.pdf

8/9/2019 Aramid Dyeing CHT.pdf

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Dyeing of NOMEXKurt Speckle


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What is NOMEX

Nomex is an aromatic polyamide fibre( Polymetaphenylene isophtalamide )

Aramid fibres belong to the class of high performance fibres

with very good solidity and stability to temperature

The main application fields are protective clothing for fire brigades,service station staff, race drivers, military, technical textiles,asbestos replacement


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Aramid fibres trade products

NOMEX 455 100 % NomexPolymetaphenylene isophtalamide

NOMEX III 95 % Nomex5 % Kevlar

NOMEX DELTA C 93 % Nomex5 % Kevlar2 % carbon-coated fibre

KEFLAR Polyparaphenylene isophtalamide

TWARON Polyparaphenylene isophtalamide


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Production of NOMEX

by solution polycondensation

m-phenylene diamine is transformed with dimethyl acetamide andwith the dichloride of the isophthalic acid

Nomex is produced in the one-step-dry-spinning-procedure thatmeans polycondensation and spinning are done in one process

The spinning solution runs through multihole nozzles into thespining chamber where DMAC is evaporated at 160 C; the

spinning speed is at approx. 200 m/min

The threads are stretched up to approx. 1:3, afterwashed in hotwater and dried


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Physical parameters of NOMEX

Density 1.38 g/cm3

Tearing fastness 4.4 5.3 cN/dtex

Elongation at break 15 30 %

Glass transition point 280 290 C

Decomposition temperature 370 C

Moisture absorption 4.5 5.0 %

Hot air shrinking 0.5 % ( 15 min at 190C )

Hot steam shrinking 1.5 % ( 95C in water )


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Properties of NOMEX

Nomex is not thermoplastic

Nomex is difficultly inflammable and does not support combustion

Nomex has an extraordinary thermostability, a permanent temperatureof 160 C does not cause any significant damaging

Nomex is stable to organic solvents

Nomex is decomposed by UV radiation; after exposure to directsunlight the tearing fastness decreases by approx. 50% per year


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Dyeing properties of NOMEX

Due to the compactness, the high crystallinity and the high glasstransition range the fibre is difficult to dye

The content of free COOH groups determines the maximal dyeabsorption

Exclusively the dyeing with basic dyes BEZACRYL dyes is ofimportance

Acceptable colour depth values are possible only with application ofdyeing accelerators and high temperatures at 120 130 C

Medium light fastness level,after fixing at 170C to 190C is important


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Effect of dyeing accelerators

The dyeing accelerators are mostly difficult to dissolve

in water, partially diffuse into the fibre, loosen thecrystalline structure and increase the dyeability

Electrolyte additions cause a salting-out of the dyes,

and these agglomerates are dissolved again in thedyeing accelerator and transported into the fibre.

Dyeing accelerators partially remain on the fibre and

might cause odour and light fastness problems

Dyeing accelerators can have a negative effect on thenon-combustibility


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Dyeing accelerators swelling agents

1C R21 R22 R3415 g/lNOMAPOL N

1Xn R20 R2270 g/lBenzyl alcohol

1Xn R2250 g/lBenzaldehyde

2Xn R22 R3620 g/lAcetopheone

Waterendangeringsubstances

Classification ashazardous substance

Applicationquantity

Xn harmfulC corrosive

R20 Harmful by inhalation.

R21 Harmful in contact with skin.R22 Harmful if swallowed.

R34 Causes burns.R36 Irritating to eyes.


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NOMAPOL N

is N-cyclohexyl-pyrrolidone

is soluble in water

does not need addition of electrolyte

highest colour yield in combination with NOMABID 31

gives brilliant dyeings

very good levelling effect

increase the reproducibility

also suitable for brightening and stripping

can be washed out more easily than benzyl alcohol

low odour


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Efficiency of NOMAPOL N / NOMABID 31

Without auxiliary

15 g/l NOMAPOL N

15 g/l NOMAPOL N3 g/l NOMABID 31

Recipe:

0.3 g/l KOLLASOL CDO

1.0 g/l MEROPAN KP3.0 g/l NOMABID 31

15.0 g/l NOMAPOL N

1.0 % BEZACRYL Red GRL 180

1,5C/min 90 min

50C 125C 125C

Cool off, rinse hot (80 C) and cold


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Efficiency of NOMAPOL N / NOMABID 31

Without auxiliary

15 g/l NOMAPOL N

15 g/l NOMAPOL N

3 g/l NOMABID 31

Recipe:0.3 g/l KOLLASOL CDO

1.0 g/l MEROPAN KP3.0 g/l NOMABID 31

15.0 g/l NOMAPOL N

0.4 % BEZACRYL Red GRL 1802.0 % BEZACRYL Blue GRL 300

1.5C/min 90 min

50C 125C 125C



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Effect of NOMABID 31

Recipe:

0.3 g/l KOLLASOL CDO

1.0 g/l MEROPAN KPx g/l NOMABID 31y g/l Dyeing accelerator

0.5 % BEZACRYL Red GRL 1801.2 % BEZACRYL Blue GRL 300

1,5C/min 90 min

50C 125C 125C


Without auxiliary

70 g/l Benzyl alcohol

70 g/l Benzyl alcohol3 g/l NOMABID 31

15 g/l NOMAPOL N

3 g/l NOMABID 31



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Effect of sodium nitrate

Without auxiliary

15 g/l NOMAPOL N


15 g/l NOMAPOL N

2 g/l NOMABID 3120 g/l sodium nitrate

15 g/l NOMAPOL N20 g/l sodium nitrate


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Levelling effect of NOMAPOL N

Basic dyeing:

0.6 % BEZACRYL Golden GL 2000.2 % BEZACRYL Red GRL 1800.2 % BEZACRYL Blue GRL 300

Levelling test:

3 parts of colour fabric / 1 part white fabric

2.0 g/l SARABID OL

1.0 g/l MEROPAN KPx g/l auxiliary

1.5C/min 90 min

50C 125C 125C

Basic fabric

Without auxiliary

15 g/l NOMAPOL N

30 g/l NOMAPOL N


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Fastness properties of BEZACRYL dyes onNOMEX

Light fastness 2 3-4

Rubbing fastness 4 4-5

Washing fastness 3-4 4

Perspiration fastness 3-4 4

Dry cleaning 3 3-4

An afterfixing at 170 190 C is important to obtainoptimal fastness properties !!!

Range


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Dyeing system

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

min.

C

C

A B

A 3.0 g/l NOMABID 31 C 2.0 g/l CHT DISPERGATOR SMS1.0 ml/l MEROPAN KP 1.0 g/l MEROPAN KP

15.0 ml/l NOMAPOL N

B x % BEZACRYL dye


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Choice of dyes

Trichromic dyeing

BEZACRYL Golden GL 200

BEZACRYL Red GRL 180

BEZACRYL Blue FBS

Supplementary elements

BEZACRYL Yellow 5GL 300 BEZACRYL Blue BG 200

BEZACRYL Black FBL 300

Documents

Aramid Dyeing CHT.pdf