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Anno I - Numero III settembre 2010

ArcheomaticA

UN ESPERIENZASENSORIALE: ICOLORIDELL ARA PACIS

RISPARMIOENERGETICO: LAVOLTADEIMUSEIDALLAGESTIONEETICA

SEMANTIC WIKI PERLAPROTEZIONEDEI BBCC

L EVOLUZIONEDELL IMMAGINE: DALLAPITTURA RUPESTREALL ENERGIAAUTOPOIETICA

Tecnologie per i BeniCulturali

RILEVAREERENDEREVISIBILI ITESORINASCOSTI

http://www.archeomatica.it/http://www.archeomatica.it/http://www.archeomatica.it/http://www.archeomatica.it/http://www.archeomatica.it/http://www.archeomatica.it/http://www.archeomatica.it/http://www.archeomatica.it/

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46 ArcheomaticA N 3 settembre 2010

GUEST PAPER

USERS GROUPS AND REQUIREMENTSProviding access to cultural heritage information beyondbooks is important. In order to address specific needs anadvanced semantic support is required. For domain special-ists (like archaeologists, historians) an electronic presenta-

tion that can provide a mapping to the printed version isnecessary (for citation purposes for example). Additionally,semantic analysis tools should support activities through theformulation and verification of hypotheses. Moreover, forlarge public, with little knowledge on the domain, advancedbrowsing interfaces based on semantics can help them toconsult corpus. The characteristics that make difficult mod-elling for cultural heritage applications are: 1) complexityof data (heterogeneous, incomplete, uncertain, spatio-tem-poral); 2) domain knowledge barrier; 3) evolving knowledge;4) different skills of actors (from novice to expert).Nowadays, the trend for cultural heritage data managementis the generation of numerical corpus that can be viewedand distributed online. To make information available onthe web and to provide easy access a web platform appli-

cation is needed. Indeed, researches on cultural heritagedata require an open environment, which allows to ag-gregate knowledge produced by different teams involvedin research fields. This platform must also provide sharing,exchange, collaboration and evolution capabilities.Domain specialists working with a scientific point of viewoften need to comment on primary data. Semantic anno-tation supportadds additional levels of interpretation. Se-mantic annotations also provide better quality in the queryevaluation process than full text search engine, and resultscan be displayed according to user skills. Moreover, it allowsinteroperability among corpuses if annotations are definedby using ontologies. In Web platform, these functionalitiesshould be supported within the same interface as the pri-mary data to avoid unnecessary context and applicationswitches for the users. In the meantime, these annotationsmust be maintained on clearly separated layers to keep in-tegrity and traceability of the primary data.

SEMANTIC WIKI APPROACHA Wiki is a web platform that allows easy creation and edit-ing of web pages as well as a management of their links. TheWiki concept is suitable for the generation and processing oftext documents as well as multimedia documents. Wikis are

simple to interconnect with other web applications via RSSprotocol, and allow incremental constitution of corpus andknowledge. Articles (wiki pages) in wikis have structuredand formatted text management capabilities (intended forhumans to read and understand) that use a simple markuplanguage. Relations among articles take the form of hyper-text links. Nevertheless wikis only support untyped linksdedicated to human navigation through the corpus. Seman-tic extensions to Wiki engines (Schaffert, Bry, Baumeister,Kiesel 2008) are based on Semantic Web technologies likeRDF annotations and OWL ontologies. They supply tools forcontent structuring beyond the syntactical level. Semanticwikis provide the ability to capture knowledge: the proper-ties and relations between articles can be made explicit,this allows automated processing of wiki content. Reason-

ing capabilities and query languages such as SPARQL allowto discover links between concepts and to provide dynamicnavigation. Ontologies allow structuring a domain of dis-course using concepts and relations between them. Theseontologies guarantee semantic quality and facilitate com-munication by providing shared knowledge that can be usedto formulate queries about the domain. Cultural heritagedomain can benefit from established ontology CIDOC-CRM1.CIDOC-CRM deals with high level concepts, for each particu-lar application, CIDOC-CRM can be extended by domain orapplication ontologies that specify more precisely conceptsand relationships. Annotation results are stored as RDF tri-ples and SPARQL can be used as query language. Reasoningtools and query capabilities of SPARQL can also be used withontologies to produce novel knowledge.One famous Semantic Wiki implementation is SemanticMediaWiki2, an extension to MediaWiki on which Wikipediaruns. For example, in life sciences, several projects arebased on Semantic MediaWiki engine: BOWiki3, Brede Wiki4,LabService Wiki5.

SEMANTIC WIKIFORTHEPROTECTION,

EMERGENCYMANAGEMENTANDKNOWLEDGEOFCULTURALHERITAGE

di Eric Leclercq and Marinette Savonnet

Nowadays, the trend for cultural heritage data management is the generation of numerical corpus thatcan be viewed and distributed online. To make information available on the web and to provide easyaccess a web platform application is needed it will be important to make use of a web platform that

allows easy creation and editing of web pages as well as a management of their links.

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Tecnologie per i Beni Culturali 47

SEMANTIC WIKIS IN CULTURALHERITAGE DOMAINWe have identified four major projectsusing semantic wikis for cultural herit-age knowledge management:

After scanning and digitizing aa)volume (506 pages) of the origi-nal Handbook on Archi tecture,

the book is converted into wikipages (Witte, Krestel, Kappler,Lockemann, 2010). Authors haveto capture two sub-domains by on-tologies: the domain of documentmanagement (i.e. sentence, noun,page number, ) and architecturaldomain (i.e. wall, building mate-rial, ). Natural language process-ing allows connecting architecturalconcepts with document-specificone, e.g. sentences that mentionconstruction elements of a certainmaterial (figure 1). A public ver-sion is available at http://durm.

semanticsoftware.info/wiki.HermesWikib) project (Reutelshoefer,Lemmerich, Baumeister, Wintjes,Haas, 2010) is a plug-in for the se-mantic wiki KnowWE. The objectiveis to provide a concise and reliableoverview of Ancient Greek Historyfor teaching purpose of students.An ontology, inspired by VICODIproject, for the historical domainwas developed. A public version isavailable at http://hermeswiki.in-formatik.uni-wuerzburg.de.WikiBridge (Chevalier, Leclercq,c)Millereux, Sapin, Savonnet 2010)

is a semantic wiki based on Medi-aWiki, developed for the projectCARE (Corpus Architecturae Re-ligiosae Europeae IV-X saec. ANR-07-CORP-011). The aim of theproject CARE is the constitution ofintegrated corpus of the EuropeanChristian buildings dated from the4th to the beginning of the 11thcentury. Semantics is guaranteedby an application ontology basedon CIDOC-CRM. Figure 2 presentsthe entry interface for text in-put and the annotation interface.A public version is available at

http://care.u-bourgogne.frIn the same view,d) NavEdi t OW isa framework for ontology drivenweb site. It has been exploited tosupport a semantic description oftwo projects: 1) bibliographicalentries are integrated in a portal(figure 3) about Prehistory andProtohistory in the Italian area(Bonomi, Mantegari, Vizzari 2006),and 2) SilkRoDE project that aimsto collect, structure and diffuse allknowledge about the Cultural Her-itage of Central Asia from fieldssuch as archaeology, geography or

history. The framework integratesa wiki engine for rendering docu-ments stored in the ontologicaltier (Bonomi, Mosca, Palmonari,Vizzari 2008).

Figura 1 - Wiki interface for Handbook of Architecture.

Figura 2 - Adding and annotating a document in WikiBridge.

Figura 3 - Archeoserver portal.

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CONCLUSIONRecently, semantic wikis are increasingly used to supportknowledge management. They showtheir potential to solvethis area without sacrificing flexibility and openness ofwikis. Their usability is of prime importance to ensure thatnon computer scientists can use them in an ad hoc manner.We believe that semantic wikis are adapted to the expecta-tions in the field of digital Cultural Heritage needs. Exam-ples described in section III dated from 2008 show an emerg-

ing area of research interest at the intersection of semanticwikis and Digital Cultural Heritage.

SOMMARIOWiki semant ic per la t utela, l a conoscenza e la gest ione

dellemergenza

Fornir e un accesso al le inf ormazioni relat ive al patr imonio cult urale

al di l del supporto che possono fornit e i t est i , i mport ante. Per

far fr onte a specifiche esigenze richiesto un support o semant ico

avanzato. Per gli specialisti (come archeologi, storici) una presenta-

zione elett ronica in grado di for nire una mappa per la versione car-

t acea potrebbe essere uno st rument o uti le. Wiki una piatt aform a

web che permet t e la creazione, la modifica e la gest ione di pagine

web.

METAKEYSSemantic w iki, emergency management, cultur al herit age conservation.

AUTHORS

ERIC LECLERCQ- ERIC. LECLERCQ@U-BOURGOGNE. FRMARINETTE SAVONNET - MARINETTE. SAVONNET@U-BOURGOGNE. FR

LE2I LABORATORY, UMR CNRS 5158, UNIVERSITYOFBURGUNDY, FRANCE

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bonomi A., Mantegari G., Vizzari G., A Framework for On-tological Description of Archaeological Scientific Publica-t ions, Semantic Web Applications and Perspectives (SWAP),2006Bonomi A., Mosca A., Palmonari M., Vizzari G., In tegra t ing a Wiki in an Ontology Driven Web Site: Approach, Archi-tecture and Appl ication in the Archaeological Domain, inProceedings of the Third Workshop on Semantic Wikis TheWiki Way of Semantics (SemWiki), 2008Chevalier P., Leclercq E., Millereux A., Sapin C., SavonnetM., WikiBridge: a Semanti c Wiki f or Archaeological Appl i - cations, in Proceedings of the 38th Conference on Compu-ter Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology(CAA), 2010, pp. 193-196Reutelshoefer J., Lemmerich F., Baumeister J., Wintjes J.,Haas L., Taking OWL t o At hens Semant ic Web t echnologyt akes Ancient Greek hist ory t o students, in Proceedings ofthe 7th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC), 2010,pp. 333-347Schaffert S., Bry F., Baumeister J., Kiesel M., Semantic Wi-kis, in IEEE Software, vol. 25, n. 4, 2008, pp. 8-11Witte R., Krestel R., Kappler T., Lockemann P. C., Conver-t ing a Hist orical Archi t ecture Encyclopedia int o a SemanticKnowledge Base, in IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol.25, n.1,2010, pp. 58-67

NOTES

CIDOC-CRM http://cidoc.ics.forth.gr/1.Semantic MediaWiki: http://semantic-mediawiki.org2.BOWiki: http://bowiki.net/3.Brede Wiki: http://neuro.imm.dtu.dk/wiki/Brede_Wiki4.LabService Wiki: http://labservice.biocore.crg.cat/5.

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Tecnologie per i Beni Culturali 49

Light for Art

Laser for Conservation

SOLUZIONI tecnologicheper il RESTAURO

Il Gruppo El.En. S.p.A. contribuisce con i suoi sistemi

laser alla conservazione del patrimonio storico e artistico

ormai da due decenni, proponendo soluzioni sempre pi

innovative, sviluppate in collaborazione con i maggiori

centri di ricerca nazionali. Lobiettivo dei ricercatori del

Gruppo El.En. quello di fornire ai restauratori la pi

completa e avanzata gamma di prodotti da impiegare sia

in laboratorio che in cantiere nelle pi diverse e difficili

condizioni di lavoro. Affidabilit, praticit, flessibilit,

elevate prestazioni e la costante validazione in campo da

parte dei maggiori esperti del settore della conservazione,

fanno s che i sistemi laser del Gruppo El.En.

siano i pi diffusi e vengano impiegati nei pi importanti

cantieri di restauro in Italia e allestero.

El.En. S.p.A. ELECTRONIC ENGINEERINGwww.elengroup.com - conservazione@elen.it