ARQUIVOS DO MUSEU BOCAGE

Nova Série, Vol. especial, p.p. 17-24 11 de Fevereiro 1988

ON THE TERRESTRIAL AND RIVERINE FAUNA OF THE DEMOCRA TIC REPUBLIC OF SÃO TOMÉ

AND PRÍNCIPE . - II. Description of the fourth instar larva and pupa of Uranotaenia

(Pseudoficalbia) micromelas Edwards, 1934 (Diptera, Culicidae) (1) (2).

HELENA DA C UNHA RAMOS (3) and R. ANTUNES CAPELA (4)

(') This is the second paper of the ZoologicaJ Expedition of the " Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia da Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa e do Museu Nacional de História Natural (Museu Bocage)" to the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe (13th June - 7th July 1984).

(2) Work supported by the Instituto Nacional de Investigação Científica. (3) Centro de Zoologia. Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, Junqueira 14

- 1300 LISBOA. (4) Depanamemo de Zoologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa.

Rua Escola Politécnica - 1200 LISBOA .

18 RAMOS. H . C:. & R.A. CAPELA

INTRODUCfION

Uranolaenia micromelas was described in i934 by F. W. Edwards, on lhe basis of 5 ô ô and 19 Ç! Ç! syntypes reared from pupae caughl aI São Tomé Island.

The immalure slages of lhe new species remained unknown. During an expedition to lhe Island in June 1984 (Mendes el ai., in

press) lhe second wriler was able to collect from pools along the margins of the Ribeira Micondó , São Tomé, 2 Uranolaenia larvae, I larval exuvia and 2 pupal exuviae Ihat , on the emergence of the adults (3 females and Iwo males) could be identified as Ur. micromelas.

The descriptions of lhe larva and pupa Ihat follow are based on the examination of Ihis malerial , which is deposited at the "Museu Nacio­nal de Hislória Natural (Museu Bocage)" , Lisboa.

The terminology adopted for description is based on the system of setal nomenclature developed by Belkin (1962) and Harback & K. Nighl (1980).

Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) micromelas Edwards , 1934.

ln: The Percy Sladen and Godman Trusts expedition to the islands in lhe Gulf of Guinea, October 1932 - March 1933. II. Diptera Nematocera. Ann. Mag.nat. Hist. (IO) 14: 326, illus. (ô , Ç!; as micromelas).

Type-Iocality: São Tomé

LARVA. General morphology and chaetotaxy of the fourth instar larva as illustrated in Fig. I A, B.

Head (Fig. I , A). Slightly broader Ihan long , mean cephalic index 0.96 , range 0.93-0.98. Preclypeals thick , somewhat curved inwards. Modified selae on labrum (Fig. I A). Anlenna slender, small, darkened Ihroughout and sparsely spiculate. Anlennal tuft (seta i A) a single , long and sparsely plumose seta inserted slightly beyond middle of shafl , at about 0.54-0.69 (mean 0.58). Mentum apparently wilh ten leeth each side lhe median tooth. Seta 7 C with 7-10 plumose bran­ches, mean 8.33; setae 5 and 6 C moderately stoul plumose spines; seta 4 C relatively short, with 4:6 branches , mean 5; seta 8 C wilh 2 or 3 branches; sela 9 C always double; selae 8 and 9 C about lhe sarne lenglh. Comb of segmenl VIII (Fig. i, B) with II-i3 scaies, mean i2 .50; siphon index (mounted specimes) 2.94-3.5, mean 3.23. Pecten

LARVA AND PUPA OF URANOTAENIA (P.l MICROMELAS 19

(Fig . I, B) reaching to about 3/5 length of siphon, with 25-31 scales, mean 27 .83 . Tuft (seta I S) inserted at the apical third, with 8-10 sparsely plumose branches, mean 9 .20. Anal segment (Fig . I, B) with complete saddle; the posterior margin minutely spiculate; lateral seta (I X) about the sarne length of saddle, always with two slightly plumo­se branches. The upper (2 X) and lower (3 X) caudal setae always double. Ventral brush with four pairs of double setae and three single setae with different lengths , ali of them inserted in the barred area . Anal papillae slender, about as long as saddle.

PUPA. Pupal chaeiotaxy as illustrated in Fig. 2 A, B and C. On the cephalothorax (Fig. 2, A), seta I CT with 2 or 3 branches; seta 2 and 3 CT with 3 or 4 branches; seta 4 CT with 6 or 7 branches; seta 5 CT with 4-7 branches , mean 5; seta 6 CT always single; seta 7 CT with 4 or 5 branches; seta 8 CT with 6 or 7 branches and 9 CT with 7 or 8 branches. The trumpets (Fig . 2 , B) are relatively short and wide, tracheoid in whole surface , without meatal cleft, with a small dark area on the dorsal surface, in the internal edge, and the aperture with a small notch. Trumpet index, mean 2,81; pinna ratio, mean 0.30; mea­tus ratio, mean 0.70; the ratio of the total length to pinna, mean 3.46. On the metathorax, seta 10 MT, usually triple (2-4); II MT always double and 12 MT with 6 branches. Abdómen (Fig . 2, C) with seta I I dendritic (about 16 branches); 4 I with 4 or 5 branches; 6 I bifid; 7 I with 4 or 5 branches; I II with 8 or 9 branches; 2 II always single; 3 II with 5-7 branches, mean 6.25; 4 and 5 II always 3-branched; I III with 5 or 6 branches; 3 III with 6 or 7 branches; 4 and 5 III always 4-branched; I IV with 5 or 6 branches; 3 IV with 5-7 branches, mean 6; 4 IV with 4-7 branches, mean 5.25; 5 IV with 5-7 branches, mean 6; I V always 5-branched; 3 V with 3 or 4 branches; 4 V always 3-branched; 5 V always 4-branched; r VI with 4-6 branéhes, mean 4.75; 3 VI always 4-branched; 4 VI with 3-5 branches trlean 4; 5 VI always 4-branched; I VII with 2 or 3 branches; 3 VII with 3 or 4 branches; 4 and 5 VII with 2 or 3 branches; 4 VIII with 3 or 4 branches; 9 VIII with 4-6 branches, mean 5.25; I IX single, simple, stout and relatively long. Paddle (Fig. 2, C) Iight brown throughout; inner part obviously wider than the outer; outer margin serrate on apical two-thirds; inner margin with a few serrations on more than the distal half; fringe spicules each side of the apex of midrib longer, stouter and more chitinised; seta I-P a long, single hair with one acessory delicate seta. Paddle index, mean 1.6.

20 RAMOS. H. C. & R.A . CA PELA

350 f;1

Fig.IA

VI

VII

Fig.l B

Fig. 1. Uranotaenia (Pseu.dojicalbia) micrornelas. Fourth instar larva. A. Head B. AbdominaJ segments, VII, VIII, X and siphon

lARVA AND PUPA OF URANOTAENIA (P.) MICROMELAS 21

CT

Fig .2C

Fig. 2. Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) micromelas. Pupa. A. Cephalothorax B. Trumpet C. Abdomen

22 RAMOS. H . C. & R .A . CAPELA

Paddle index (ralio of length of paddle to width), pinna ratio (ralio of length of pinna to total length of trumpet) and meatus ralio (ralio of length of meatus to total trumpet length) , as well as the usual trumpet index, measured as in Belkin (1962) and Ribeiro et aI. (1979).

DIFERENCIAL DIAGNOSES

Both the larva and pupae of Uranotaenia micromelas Edws. are· very similar to those of Uranotaenia mashonaensis Theobald, 1901 (Edwards, 1941; logram & Botha De Meilon , 1927; Hopkins, 1952) and Uranotaenia nigromaculata Edwards, 1941 (Peters, 1955). ln the identification keys that follow, an attempt is made to separate these specles.

FOUR INSTAR LARVA

1 - Seta 9 C (f) obviously larger than seta 8 C (e); siphon tuft (I S) with 8 branches ..... .

- Setae 8 and 9 C about the same length

2 - Siphon tuft (1 S) with 5 or 6 branches; siphon index abouth 5 .......... . .............. .

- Siphon tuft (I S) with 8-10 branches; siphon index 3-3.5 ........................... .

PUPA

I - Paddle seta (I P) and acessory seta inserted a littIe inward of apex of paddle, not in front

nigromaculata 2

mashonaensis

micromelas

of midrib; paddle index about 1.8 ........... nigromaculata - Paddle seta (I P) and acessory seta inserted

at the apex of the midrib ................... 2

2 - Terminal and acessory setae on paddle tlanked laterally, on one only side , by 2 or 3 strong dark denticles; paddle larger, index about 1.8; setae I and 5 of fourth abdominal segment each with 3 or 4 branches ......... . ............... mashonaensis

LARVA AND PUPA OF URANOTAENIA (P.) MICROMELAS 23

- TenninaI and acessory setae on paddIe fIanked on both sides by a few strong, dark denticles; paddle sJender, index abouth 1.6; setae I and 5 of fourth abdominal segment each with 5-7 branches ................. ..... ... ....... . .

AKNOWLEDGEMENTS

micromelas

We are greatly indebted to Prof. H. Ribeiro, of the Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (Lisboa) for his criticai revision of the manuscript.

We thank also Mrs. M.L.S. Rodrigues of the Disciplina de Ento­mologia of IHMT for typing this paper.

SUMÁRIO: A larva do quarto estado e a pupa de UrllflOwenia lII;crollll'(as Edwards. 1934. desconhecidas até ao momento, são descritas com base no estudo de duas larvas nesse estado de desenvolvimento e cxúvias de uma larva e duas pupas. todas do mesmo criadouro. O material foi recolhido pelo segundo autor na Ribeira Micondó. na ilha de São Tomé.

São apresentadas chaves de identificação para a diagnose da larva do quarto estado e da pupa de Ural1O!oel/ia microme/as Edwards e das espé· eies mais aparentadas.

ABSTRACT: The hitherto unknown fourth instar larva and pupa of Umllo!lIe"ia m;cromelas Edwards. 1934 are described. 00 the basis of the examination of two associatcd fourth instar larvae and one larval and two pupal exuviae. ali fmm the sarne breeding place. The materiaJ was caughl by the second writer in Ribeira Micondó. São Tomé Island.

Diagnosric keys for distinguishing the. pupa and fourth instar l;uva of UranOlaen;a micromelas Edwards from those of closely related s~cies are provided.

24 RAMOS. H . C. & R.A. CAPELA

REFERENCES

BElKIN. J. N., 1%2. The mosquitoes of the South Pacific (Diptera: Culicidae). Unive-" sity of Cali fomia Press, Berkeley. 2vol., 608 pp. and 412 pp.

EOWARS, F. W., 1934. The Perey Sladen and Godman Trusts expedition to the island in lhe Gulf of Guinea. October 1932-March 1933. - II. Diptera Nematocera. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (10) 14: 321-336, illus.

_________ , 1941. Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region. III Culicine Adults and Pupae. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, pp. 491.

HARBACH, R'i E. & KNIGHT, K . L.. 1980. Taxonomisl's glossary of mosquito ana­tomy. Biological Research Institute of America, Plexus Publishing, Baltimore.

HOPKINS, G. H. E., 1952. Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region. I - Larval bionomics of mosquitoes and taxonomy of culicine larvae. London.

HINGRAM, A. & DE MEILLON, S., 1927. A mosquito survey of certain parts of South Africa, wilh speciaJ reference to the carriers of malaria and their control. (Part 1). Public. S. Afr. Instit. Med. Res., N° XXII (vol. IV. pp.: 1-81).

KNIGHT, K. L. & STONE. A .. 1977. A Calalog of lhe mosquitoes of rhe World (Diprera. Culicidlle). 2nd. Edition. The Thomas Say Foundation. Denver.

MENDES , L. F., ROCHA PIrt, M. T., CAPELA, R. A., SERRANO, A. R. M. & SOA­RES. A. A .. (1988 in press). "Sobre a fauna terrestre e ribeirinha da República Democrática de S. Tomé e Príncipe. A Missão Zoológica do Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia da Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa e do Museu Nacio­nal de História Natural (Museu Bocage) à República Democrát ica de S. Tomé e Príncipe (13.VI./7.VIIII1984).

PETERS . W., 1955. The mosquitoes of Liberia (Diprera: Culicidae). Proc. R. Em. Soco Lond. (B), 24 Pts. 7-8: 117-128, illus.

RIBEtRO. H., RAMOS, HELENA DA c., PIRES, C. A. & CAPELA, R. A .. 1979. Des­cript ion and biometric study of Anopheles (Cellia) quadriallllullllUS davidso/li ssp. n .. a seventh member of the AnopheJes gambiae Giles complex (Diprero. Culiá­dae) endemic to lhe Cape Verde archipe lago. Garc ia de Orta. sér. Zool. 8 (1-2): 75-88.

WARD. R. A., 1984. Second Supplement to "A Catalog of the Mosquitoes of the World" (Diplera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics, 16 (3): 227-270.

WHITE, G. B., 1980. Family Culicidae. ln: Crosskey 's Catalogue of lhe Diprera of lhe Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Narural History), London.

Conselho de Redac{'âo :

Prof. Dr. CARLOS ALMA(A

Dr. ANA MARIA NEVES

Editor .-

MUSEU BOCAGE R. Escola Politécnica. 58 1200 LISBOA