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ART AND HUMANITIES
PROF. RACIDON P. BERNARTEHU 110
Introduction to Humanities
HUMANITASHumanitas signifies the qualities, feelings and inclinations proper to mankind. It connotes humane feelings and the conduct towards others which depicts gentleness, consideration and manner.
Humanities, generally mean ART, literature, music and the theater—areas in which human values and individual expressiveness are celebrated.
ART vs. SCIENCE Both art and science require technical
skill
Both artist and scientist try to create order out of the seemingly random and diverse experiences of the world
Both try to understand and appreciate the world and to convey their experience to others The scientist studies quantitative sense perceptions in order to discover laws or concepts that are universally true The artist selects qualitative perceptions and arranges them to express personal and cultural understanding.
Nature and Characteristics of ART “Basic human needs stand at the center of the art experience”
Art is a disciplined activity that may be limited to skill or expanded to include a distinctive way of looking at the world
The word ART is derived from the Latin ARS, meaning “skill.” Art is skill at performing a set of specialized actions.
The term “art” also derived from “arti”, the craft guilds of the Italian Renaissance. Arti denoted craftsmanship, skill, mastery of form, inventiveness and the associations that exist between form and ideas and between techniques and materials.
“ART,” serves as technical and creative record of human needs and achievements.
Art in its broader meaning involves Skills, Creativity and Imagination.
Art provides the person or people who produce it and the community that observes it with an experience that might be aesthetic, emotional, intellectual, or a combination of these qualities
Nature and Characteristics of ART
Nature and Characteristics of ART“Art has combined practical and aesthetic functions”
In the 18th century in the West, a more sophisticated public began to distinguish between art that was purely aesthetic and art that was also practical
The FINE ARTS (French beaux arts)—including literature, music, dance, painting, sculpture, and architecture—are concerned primarily with aesthetics
The DECORATIVE OR PRACTICAL ARTS, such as pottery, metalwork, furniture, tapestry, and enamel, are often useful arts and for a time were demoted to the rank of crafts.
Nature and Characteristics of ART
The École des Beaux-Arts in Paris taught only the major visual arts, the term art was sometimes narrowed to mean only drawing, painting, architecture, and sculpture
Since the mid-20th century, greater appreciation of non-Western and folk traditions and of individual work in a mechanized society has tended to blur the old distinction. Both categories are becoming valued as art.
Work of ArtA WORK OF ART is a product of an activity that involves both imagination and skill in accomplishing it. It creates aesthetic feelings or experiences which delighted and satisfy our desire for beautiful things. WORK OF ART is also the product of the artist’s unique personality influenced consciously or unconsciously by factors such as his environment, traditions, national traits, religious beliefs, economic conditions, his ideals or even the climate and geography
A WORK OF ART represents or reflects the individual, the character of the period and the place where it was produced.
Characteristics of a Good Artist
1. The HAND or the SKILLS
3. The HEART or the IMAGINATION
2. The MIND or the CREATIVITY
Grouping the ArtsThe arts are generally grouped into MAJOR and MINOR arts. Major arts include painting, architecture, sculpture, literature, dance and music. Minor arts include the decorative arts, the popular arts, graphic arts, the plastic arts and industrial arts.
Major Arts —involves man’s skills which focused on form, content, and execution.
Minor Arts —lies on the “styling” and addressed primarily to the sense of sight and their usefulness.
Grouping the Arts
1. Visual Art
a. Graphic Arts
b. Plastic Arts
Grouping the Arts2. Performing Arts
Grouping the Arts
3. Literary Arts
English author William Shakespeare ranks as perhaps the most famous writer in the history of English literature. Shakespeare earned recognition from his late 16th- and early 17th-century contemporaries writing plays, but may have looked to poetry for enduring fame. His poetic efforts include a series of 154 sonnets, in which he developed the Shakespearian sonnet as a new poetic form, arranged with three quatrains and a couplet. Sonnet 18 (recited by an actor) comes from The Sonnets of Shakespeare (printed in 1609).
Grouping the Arts
4. Popular Arts
Grouping the Arts
5.Gustatory/Culiraty Art
Grouping the Arts
6.Decorative Arts
Elements of ArtSYMBOLSThese are made up of different shapes used to depict or symbolize objects. Objects are simplified so that only the prominent part is represented.
PICTURESThe use of the art elements gives the difference of how pictures are being represented. Conservative artists represent things exactly as he sees them in nature while a modernist tries to interpret nature as he feels it.
EMOTIONSThese are expressed by the different elements which symbolize or suggest feelings: i.e., despair, mourning, hope, love passion, etc.
Art and ExperienceThe arts constitute one of the oldest and most important means of expression developed by human beings started from the prehistoric era. Thus, it is considered as a record of human experience.
It has been said that art is experience, because all art demands experience; but probably it is clearer to say that al art involves experience, that there can be no appreciation of art without experience.
When we say that art involves experience, we mean by experience just what we always mean by the word: the actual doing of something.
Characteristics of Art Experience1. The experience of art is
personal and individual; it depends on what you are, what you have inside you.
2. Every artistic experience is accompanied by some emotion or emotional reactions
“Do not expect to agree with everyone; all you can do is to be honest and straightforward”
“You like it or you do not like it ”
Art and Experience
The paintings of Franco Magnani, a San Francisco artist, demonstrate his remarkable memory for his childhood village of Pontito, Italy. Here, one of his paintings of Pontito, top, is juxtaposed with an actual photograph of the village. Magnani left the village in 1958 in his mid-20s. Eight years later, during a serious illness, he began dreaming about Pontito in extraordinarily vivid detail. Soon the images came to him during the daytime with almost hallucinatory power. Impulsively, and working entirely from memory, he began painting and drawing different scenes of the village. Although some of his works show near-photographic
Art and NatureArt is not nature. Art is made by human beings. Artists frequently find their inspiration and subject matter in nature, and artists do use nature as a medium, but art itself not nature. Art is made by human beings, and no matter how close it is to nature, it always shows that it was made by human beings. The function of the artist is to help us understand the nature of things, to realize the possibilities in the world, to develop insights or enlarge imagination by creating or revealing new subjects.
Criteria in Analyzing Art Work
What is the work of art about? (the subject) What is it for? (the function) What is it made of? (the medium) How is it put together? (elements and
organization) What is its mood, temper, personality (the style) Is it good? (judgment)
Criteria in Analyzing Art Work
What makes any work of art great?” The simplest answer is to say that it is art which has stood the test of time and still remains meaningful.
Sincerity—Are the artist’s intentions perfectly honest, or is he striving for effect either by sentimentality (affected emotion) or sensation (excited feeling)?
Universality—Does the work of art have only momentary value or does it embody universal truths which are permanent?
Magnitude—There are few masterpieces which transcend all others in scope and monumentality.
Criteria in Analyzing Art Work
Craftsmanship—Does the artist understand his craft and is his workmanship sound? Has he gone beyond the limits of taste? These questions arise chiefly in judging modern works. Of course subjective, good taste and poor taste are difficult to define as is a work of art. We have to rely on a consensus of opinion among thinking people.
Humanism
HUMANISM, in philosophy, attitude that emphasizes the dignity and worth of the individual
A basic premise of HUMANISM is that people are rational beings who possess within themselves the capacity for truth and goodness.
The term humanism is most often used to describe a literary and cultural movement that spread through western Europe in the 14th and 15th centuries.
The Start of Humanism
The humanist movement started in Italy, where the late medieval Italian writers Dante, Giovanni Boccaccio, and Francesco Petrarch
contributed greatly to the discovery and preservation of classical works.
Humanist ideals were forcefully expressed by another Italian scholar, Pico della Mirandola, in his Oration on the dignity of man.
The movement was further stimulated by the influx of Byzantine scholars who came to Italy after the fall of Constantinople (present-day İstanbul) to the Ottomans in 1453 and also by the establishment of the Platonic Academy in Florence.
In Italy humanism developed principally in the fields of literature and art, in central Europe, where it was introduced chiefly by the German scholars Johann Reuchlin and Melanchthon, the movement extended into the fields of theology and education, and was a major underlying cause of the Reformation.
The Start of HumanismOne of the most influential scholars in the development of humanism in France was the Dutch cleric Desiderius Erasmus, who also played an important part in introducing the movement into England. HUMANISM originated in the study of classical culture, and it took its name from one of the era’s earliest and most crucial concerns: the promotion of a new educational curriculum that emphasized a group of subjects known collectively as
the Studia Humanitatis,
or the Humanities.
Humanism—Humanities
Humanities disciplines included grammar, rhetoric history, poetry, and ethics. These subjects were all studied, whenever possible, in the original classical texts. The humanities curriculum conflicted directly with more traditional education that was based on
Scholasticism.
The word “humanities” generally refers to art, literature, music, architecture, dance and theatre—areas in which human subjectivity is emphasized and individual expressiveness is dramatized. The importance of the human being and his feelings is the main concern of humanities.
Humanism—Humanities…
The Humanists tended to object to an educational system that was largely monopolized by the clergy and oriented to clerical needs.
The 19th century witnessed a certain loss of prestige of the Humanities to the sciences and social sciences because many men believed that science could procure everything that man needed or wanted. However, there has come the important realization that science is not an unmixed blessing.
Humanities
The Humanities are the records of man’s experiences, his values, his sentiments, his ideals, and his goals. The humanities are ultimately expressions of man’s feelings and thoughts.
The humanities are important in the development in the complete social being, ready to take on his responsibilities in this rapidly changing world and enjoy life.
Humanities is derived from the Latin word “HUMANUS” meaning human, refined and cultured. It is based on the philosophical view of humanism which stresses the dictum of Protagoras, a Greek philosopher, that “man is the measure of all things,”
Humanities….The humanities are the stories, the ideas and the words that help us make sense of our lives and our world. The humanities introduce us to people we have never met, places we have never visited and the ideas that may have never crossed our minds.
..... If a man is to live like a human being, his heart and mind must be nourished. And the best spiritual nourishment comes from the Humanities.
History, Anthropology, and Archeology—study human social, political and cultural development.
Literature, Languages, and Linguistics—explore how we communicate with other and how our ideas and thoughts on the human experience are expressed and interpreted.
Philosophy, Ethics, and Comparative Religion—consider ideas about the meaning of life and the reasons for our thoughts and actions.
Jurisprudence—examines the values and principles which inform our laws.
Historical, Critical and Theoretical Approaches to the Arts—reflect upon and analyze the creative process.
The Discipline of Humanities
ART and HUMANITIES
The aesthetic experiences we derive from the arts influence us to change our ways. They may transform us into highly cultured, dignified and respectable human beings.
The arts may beautify our humanity. Arts are called humanities because they bring out the good and the noble in people.
Through arts we come to know the changing image of man as he journeys across historical time, as he searches for the reality and strives to achieve the ideals that create meaning for life.
