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Art and the Catholic Reformation

Art and the Catholic Reformation. Elements of the Baroque Movement Mediums PaintingArchitectureMusicSculpture

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Page 1: Art and the Catholic Reformation. Elements of the Baroque Movement Mediums PaintingArchitectureMusicSculpture

Art and the Catholic Reformation

Page 2: Art and the Catholic Reformation. Elements of the Baroque Movement Mediums PaintingArchitectureMusicSculpture

Elements of the Baroque Movement

Sculpture

Music

Architecture

Painting

MediumsMediums

Page 3: Art and the Catholic Reformation. Elements of the Baroque Movement Mediums PaintingArchitectureMusicSculpture

Baroque Style

Exaggerated motion Clear, easily interpreted details Aimed at the senses and emotions Used dramatic scenes to

emphasize religious events Attempted to overwhelm the viewer

Page 4: Art and the Catholic Reformation. Elements of the Baroque Movement Mediums PaintingArchitectureMusicSculpture
Page 5: Art and the Catholic Reformation. Elements of the Baroque Movement Mediums PaintingArchitectureMusicSculpture

Council of Trent & Art

Teach the faithful

• Theology of the Holy Fathers• Mysteries of Redemption• Articles of Faith• Be moved by the Saints• Model their lives after the Saints

Page 6: Art and the Catholic Reformation. Elements of the Baroque Movement Mediums PaintingArchitectureMusicSculpture

Other Objectives

Promote thanksgiving Remind the worshipper of God’s

gifts Give instruction to the illiterate Instructions to the Church

leadership Keep the focus on traditional

images Recover souls lost to the

Protestant Reformation

Page 7: Art and the Catholic Reformation. Elements of the Baroque Movement Mediums PaintingArchitectureMusicSculpture

Warnings in Trent

Do not suggest that the images contain divinity

Remove any images that promote false teaching

Do not pursue “filthy quest for gain” or promote superstition

Do not create art with “seductive charm”

Page 8: Art and the Catholic Reformation. Elements of the Baroque Movement Mediums PaintingArchitectureMusicSculpture

Do not make the work of the saints look like “boisterous festivities”

Nothing should appear disorderly of arranged in a confusing matter

Nothing profane No unusual images

Page 9: Art and the Catholic Reformation. Elements of the Baroque Movement Mediums PaintingArchitectureMusicSculpture

Aims (Trent and Beyond) Combat Reformation and the

Scientific Revolution Reach a large audience Embody religions experience Images could have an

efficacious impact in devotion Impress the faithful of the reality

of the spiritual experience of the Church

Propaganda

Page 10: Art and the Catholic Reformation. Elements of the Baroque Movement Mediums PaintingArchitectureMusicSculpture

Other Guidelines For Church Art

Be clear, simple and intelligible Contain a realistic interpretation Be an emotional stimulant to the

faithful masses Support of transcend the spoken

word Emphasis on the mystical A tool for instructing the illiterate

Page 11: Art and the Catholic Reformation. Elements of the Baroque Movement Mediums PaintingArchitectureMusicSculpture

Important Themes

Depiction of correct doctrine Magnificence of Church Emphasis on passion and

devotion The reality of the spiritual

experience Visions and mystical experiences Conversion Martyrdom and Death

Page 12: Art and the Catholic Reformation. Elements of the Baroque Movement Mediums PaintingArchitectureMusicSculpture

Reach A Large Audience

Worship of the Holy Name of Jesus - Pozzo

San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane - Borromini

Baldachin over the High Altar of St. Peter's - Bernini

Page 13: Art and the Catholic Reformation. Elements of the Baroque Movement Mediums PaintingArchitectureMusicSculpture

Be Moved By the Lives of the Saints

St. Jerome - Caravaggio

St. George and the Dragon - Tintoretto Judith Slaying

Holofernes - Gentileschi

Page 14: Art and the Catholic Reformation. Elements of the Baroque Movement Mediums PaintingArchitectureMusicSculpture

Saints - Martyrdom

Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew - Ribera

Martyrdom of St. Matthew - Caravaggio

Crucifixion of St. Peter -Caravaggio

Page 15: Art and the Catholic Reformation. Elements of the Baroque Movement Mediums PaintingArchitectureMusicSculpture

Teach The Faith

Calling of St. Matthew - Caravaggio

Supper at Emmaus - Caravaggio

The Entombment - Caravaggio

Doubting Thomas - Caravaggio

Page 16: Art and the Catholic Reformation. Elements of the Baroque Movement Mediums PaintingArchitectureMusicSculpture

Teach the Faith

Assumption of the Virgin - Carracci

The Nativity - Barocci

Dead Christ Mourned- Carracci

Page 17: Art and the Catholic Reformation. Elements of the Baroque Movement Mediums PaintingArchitectureMusicSculpture

Teach the Faith

St. Luke Displaying A Painting of the Virgin - Barbieri

Triumph of the Barberini - Cortona

Page 18: Art and the Catholic Reformation. Elements of the Baroque Movement Mediums PaintingArchitectureMusicSculpture

Emotional and Religious Experiences

Last Supper - Tintoretto

Ecstasy of St. Teresa - Bernini

The Conversion of St. Paul - Caravaggio

Page 19: Art and the Catholic Reformation. Elements of the Baroque Movement Mediums PaintingArchitectureMusicSculpture

Emotional and Religions Experiences

St. Francis in Ecstasy - Caravaggio

Finding of St. Mark’s Remains -Tintoretto

Mystical Marriage of Saint Catherine - Carracci

Page 20: Art and the Catholic Reformation. Elements of the Baroque Movement Mediums PaintingArchitectureMusicSculpture

Evolution of the Movement

Spreads across Europe – even to Protestant countries

Spread (via the Jesuits) around the globe

Secular subjects Became a political propaganda

tool

Page 21: Art and the Catholic Reformation. Elements of the Baroque Movement Mediums PaintingArchitectureMusicSculpture

To what extent did Baroque Art achieve its purposes?