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Art and the Catholic Reformation
Elements of the Baroque Movement
Sculpture
Music
Architecture
Painting
MediumsMediums
Baroque Style
Exaggerated motion Clear, easily interpreted details Aimed at the senses and emotions Used dramatic scenes to
emphasize religious events Attempted to overwhelm the viewer
Council of Trent & Art
Teach the faithful
• Theology of the Holy Fathers• Mysteries of Redemption• Articles of Faith• Be moved by the Saints• Model their lives after the Saints
Other Objectives
Promote thanksgiving Remind the worshipper of God’s
gifts Give instruction to the illiterate Instructions to the Church
leadership Keep the focus on traditional
images Recover souls lost to the
Protestant Reformation
Warnings in Trent
Do not suggest that the images contain divinity
Remove any images that promote false teaching
Do not pursue “filthy quest for gain” or promote superstition
Do not create art with “seductive charm”
Do not make the work of the saints look like “boisterous festivities”
Nothing should appear disorderly of arranged in a confusing matter
Nothing profane No unusual images
Aims (Trent and Beyond) Combat Reformation and the
Scientific Revolution Reach a large audience Embody religions experience Images could have an
efficacious impact in devotion Impress the faithful of the reality
of the spiritual experience of the Church
Propaganda
Other Guidelines For Church Art
Be clear, simple and intelligible Contain a realistic interpretation Be an emotional stimulant to the
faithful masses Support of transcend the spoken
word Emphasis on the mystical A tool for instructing the illiterate
Important Themes
Depiction of correct doctrine Magnificence of Church Emphasis on passion and
devotion The reality of the spiritual
experience Visions and mystical experiences Conversion Martyrdom and Death
Reach A Large Audience
Worship of the Holy Name of Jesus - Pozzo
San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane - Borromini
Baldachin over the High Altar of St. Peter's - Bernini
Be Moved By the Lives of the Saints
St. Jerome - Caravaggio
St. George and the Dragon - Tintoretto Judith Slaying
Holofernes - Gentileschi
Saints - Martyrdom
Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew - Ribera
Martyrdom of St. Matthew - Caravaggio
Crucifixion of St. Peter -Caravaggio
Teach The Faith
Calling of St. Matthew - Caravaggio
Supper at Emmaus - Caravaggio
The Entombment - Caravaggio
Doubting Thomas - Caravaggio
Teach the Faith
Assumption of the Virgin - Carracci
The Nativity - Barocci
Dead Christ Mourned- Carracci
Teach the Faith
St. Luke Displaying A Painting of the Virgin - Barbieri
Triumph of the Barberini - Cortona
Emotional and Religious Experiences
Last Supper - Tintoretto
Ecstasy of St. Teresa - Bernini
The Conversion of St. Paul - Caravaggio
Emotional and Religions Experiences
St. Francis in Ecstasy - Caravaggio
Finding of St. Mark’s Remains -Tintoretto
Mystical Marriage of Saint Catherine - Carracci
Evolution of the Movement
Spreads across Europe – even to Protestant countries
Spread (via the Jesuits) around the globe
Secular subjects Became a political propaganda
tool
To what extent did Baroque Art achieve its purposes?