Arthropods as Vectors

8/9/2019 Arthropods as Vectors

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Arthropods as Vectors ofDisease


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Things to knowWhat is a Vector?

Two types of vector and giveexamples?


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Biological vectorAcq ire pathogenic agents !ymeans of """"""""""""""""#

Agents ndergo m ltiplication$propagation$ and development

inside the arthropods !ody#

%osq itoes and !iting &ies


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%echanical vectors

Transmits pathogens !yway of their !ody s ch as

feet$ wings$ etc#'erve as contaminators(athogen do not m ltiply ordevelop inside their !odies#)leas$ !eetles$ cra!s and

copepods


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%ost important vectors oftropical diseases

%osq itoes

)lies

*ockroaches


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Two divisions of mosq itovectors

Anopheline Genus Anopheles+ man malaria and + man,lariasis

* licine Aedes, Culex,

MansoniaDeng e$ -apaneseencephalitis$ h man ,lariasis


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*omparison of two sexesFemale Male*apa!le of !iting ands cking

.ot capa!le

)eeds on plant / ices andnectar

)eeds on plant / ices andnectar

Antennae0 (innose or less! shy

Antennae0 (l mose or! shy


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1ggsCharacteristics

Anophelines

Culex Mansonia

Aedes

'hape Boat2shapedeggs

*igar2shapedeggswithcorolla

Area wherethey lay eggs

' rfaces ofwater

rafts 3nderleaves of

aq aticplants

Arti,cialcontainers and

dry hollows


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4arva1ggs hatch 526 days of contact withwater

727#8 mm long2newly hatched

9 mm2f ll length

:nstars2 stages !etween molts

'piracles2organ for !reathing


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'piracles are sit ated in thesiphon

Which aret ! larorgans

'hort andsto t withonly one pairof hair t fts

4ong andslender withmany ventralt fts

4ackssiphon

%ansonia


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)eeding position of anophelinefrom nonanopheline


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Di;erentiationof mosq itoes


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%osq ito Bionomics

Deals with the relationshipof species to theirenvironment

:mportant in the

epidemiology and planningmethods of mosq ito control


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%ating occ rs##5< = ed$ pairsdrop o t the swarm andinsemination follows

Dispersal """""""""" are m ch weaker &yer)ly 725 km in range


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Biting ha!itsCulex, Mansonia and Anophelesprefer to !ite at night

Aedes d ring daytime

ther terminologies1ndophagic1xophagic1ndophily1xophilyAnthrophilic@oophilic

feeds while inside h mandwellingsfeed o tdoors

rest while inside dwellingsrest o tdoorsfeed on h mansfeed on animals


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ainfall

%ost important factor foremergence of mosq itopop lation

ise and fall of mosq itodensity is dependent on

seasonal prevalenceBased on availa!ility ofaq atic environments


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Types of climates

Type :

Type ::

Type ::: Type :V


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%a/or mosq ito2!orne diseases

:# %alaria Anopheles

favirostris

Anopheles litoralis Anopheles

balabacensis

::# )ilariasis Aedes poecilus

Mansonia

:::# D) D+) Aedes aegypti Aedes albopictus

:V# -apanese1ncephalitisCulex

tritaeniorynchus


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Anopheles spp Anopheles favirostris%ost important vectorBreeds in slow &owing$ clear partially

shaded streams with vegetation(ale golden patch in the pro!oscis

Anopheles litoralis'econdary vector'peckled legsBreeds in water with salinity of 5#826C Anopheles balabacensisDark pro!oscis with m ltiple darkspots in the wingsBreeds in clear ponds and pools indeep forests and / ngles


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%ansoniaVector of Br gian ,lariasisBite from 7am25amMansonia bonneae

(refers fresh water swamps withgiant pandan sMansonia uni ormisBreeds in swamps with aq atic

plantsAd lt4ight to dark !rown or light to

golden

4egs have many pale markings with


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Aedes spp

Aedes poecil sBancroftian ,lariasis.oct rnal feeder

Breeds in axils of plants Aedes aegypti

D) D+)tiger mosq itoEr!an deng e

Aedes albopictusr ral deng e


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)lies

Musca domestica

Dark gray in color F2G mm in length With < conspic o slongit dinal !lack !ands or

stripes

4ay eggs in masses2 H82 78I eggs 3p to 57 !atches in a month +atching takes place 5I25< ho rs inwarm conditions res lting tolarva maggots then to p pa $ ,nally toan ad lt# :t takes 7I27H days for development

from egg to ad lt#


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)lies

'ynantrophicAssociated with J:T diseases s ch

as0ame!iasissalmonellosisshigellosis

They feed on h man and animalexcreta and h man food#


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Anatomical str ct res forcarrying pathogenic agents

7# 'ponging mo thparts

5# %anner of ingesting food

6# +airy !ody and appendages


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ther synantrophic &ies

Sarcophaga 77278 mm long Jray Three prominent !lack

longit dinal stripes A!domen has a Kchess

!oardL appearance


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ther synantrophic &iesCalliphora)ace is covered with yellow

hairsBl ish in colorWell2developed thoracichairs4ife cycle req ires 55 days

Luciliashiny green or greenish !l e

a!domen with!ron>e coppery re&ectionsknown as the !ron>e !ottle&ies


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ther synantrophic &iesMuscina 'lightly larger and

more ro! st

Dark gray to !lack< longit dinal !ands

Fanniaesem!les ho se &y

'maller and moreslender


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*ockroches

Are noct rnally active

*rawling at daytime

*arries more pathogens

)acilitated !y hairy chewing

mo thparts


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*ockroaches

Periplaneta americanaChestnut brown todark-reddish brownLargest (40mm)

Blatta orientalis- ! mm long

"ark brown to blackw# short wings

Blatella germanica$0-$% mm in length&ellowish-brown'rominentlongitudinal darkbands


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Blatella germanica

othecaprotrudes*rom tip o*abdomenuntilhatching

time

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Arthropods as Vectors