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ENGLISH ENGLISH LITERATURE LITERATURE B B NEW SPECIFICATION NEW SPECIFICATION

ASPECTS OF NARRATIVE

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Page 1: ASPECTS OF NARRATIVE

ENGLISH ENGLISH LITERATURE LITERATURE

BBNEW SPECIFICATIONNEW SPECIFICATION

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NEW AOs IN BRIEFNEW AOs IN BRIEF• AO1: different types of response, AO1: different types of response,

quality of writing, terminologyquality of writing, terminology• AO2: analysis of form, structure and AO2: analysis of form, structure and

languagelanguage• AO3:AO3: connections and comparisons connections and comparisons

between different literary texts, between different literary texts, informed by interpretations of other informed by interpretations of other readers readers

• AO4 : significance of contexts in which AO4 : significance of contexts in which literary texts are written and receivedliterary texts are written and received

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A Note on Context (1)A Note on Context (1)

• In this specification we see contexts In this specification we see contexts arising out of the text and its arising out of the text and its interpretation rather than being interpretation rather than being introduced in addition to itintroduced in addition to it

• In this specification we look especially for In this specification we look especially for the cultural, literary, linguistic contexts the cultural, literary, linguistic contexts that come out of studying genresthat come out of studying genres

• We also look especially for contexts of We also look especially for contexts of receptionreception

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A Note on Context (2)A Note on Context (2)

• Where contexts are needed they will Where contexts are needed they will arise from the questions being askedarise from the questions being asked

• We do NOT want ‘bolted on’ context We do NOT want ‘bolted on’ context which gives irrelevant authorial which gives irrelevant authorial biographybiography

• We do NOT want ‘bolted on’ context We do NOT want ‘bolted on’ context which gives generalised and ‘wrong’ which gives generalised and ‘wrong’ notions of history and historical notions of history and historical periodsperiods

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At a glance: Unit 1At a glance: Unit 1Aspects of NarrativeAspects of Narrative

• Examination: 2 hrsExamination: 2 hrs Open BookOpen Book• 60% of total AS marks : 30% of total A Level 60% of total AS marks : 30% of total A Level

marksmarks• All AOs testedAll AOs tested• 4 texts for study: 2 x novel 4 texts for study: 2 x novel ( at least one post ( at least one post

1990)1990) and 2 x poetry 1800-1945 and 2 x poetry 1800-1945 • 2 sections, one question from each section. 2 sections, one question from each section. • Section A will involve close analysis of aspects Section A will involve close analysis of aspects

of narrative in one text. One question per text of narrative in one text. One question per text in two parts.in two parts.

• Section B will involve writing about an aspect of Section B will involve writing about an aspect of narrative across three other texts. Choice of narrative across three other texts. Choice of two questions.two questions.

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UNIT 1UNIT 1

ASPECTS OF NARRATIVEASPECTS OF NARRATIVE

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QuestionsQuestions

• Questions in Unit 1 will follow a Questions in Unit 1 will follow a recognisable format, but will not be recognisable format, but will not be written to an absolute formula.written to an absolute formula.

• All AOs are tested but not equally or All AOs are tested but not equally or at all timesat all times

• The four AOs follow on the next slideThe four AOs follow on the next slide

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The Assessment The Assessment ObjectivesObjectives

AO1: AO1: Articulate creative, informed and relevant responses Articulate creative, informed and relevant responses to literary texts, using appropriate terminology and to literary texts, using appropriate terminology and concepts, and coherent, accurate written expressionconcepts, and coherent, accurate written expression

AO2: AO2: Demonstrate detailed critical understanding in Demonstrate detailed critical understanding in analysing the ways in which structure, form and language analysing the ways in which structure, form and language shape meanings in literary texts shape meanings in literary texts

AO3: AO3: Explore connections and comparisons between Explore connections and comparisons between different literary texts, informed by interpretations of other different literary texts, informed by interpretations of other readersreaders

AO4: AO4: DemonstrateDemonstrate understanding of the significance and understanding of the significance and influence of the contexts in which literary texts are written influence of the contexts in which literary texts are written and receivedand received

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Exam: Section AExam: Section A

In Section A there will be questions In Section A there will be questions on each of the Prose texts (11) and on each of the Prose texts (11) and Poetry texts (7) . This is an Open Poetry texts (7) . This is an Open Book exam. Students will answer Book exam. Students will answer one question from 18.one question from 18.

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Exam: Section AExam: Section A

The Section A questions will be in The Section A questions will be in two parts. The first part will focus on two parts. The first part will focus on a specific part of the chosen set text. a specific part of the chosen set text. The second part will look at a wider The second part will look at a wider aspect of the text as a whole. aspect of the text as a whole.

Each part will be marked separately Each part will be marked separately out of 21. Each part has different out of 21. Each part has different emphasis in terms of AOs.emphasis in terms of AOs.

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Exam: Section AExam: Section A

• In part (a) AO2 is tested, with three In part (a) AO2 is tested, with three descriptor lines. descriptor lines.

• In part (b) AO1, AO3 and AO4 are all In part (b) AO1, AO3 and AO4 are all tested with one descriptor line each.tested with one descriptor line each.

• As is always the case with this As is always the case with this specification, students do not need to specification, students do not need to be too concerned about AOs. What be too concerned about AOs. What they need to do is answer the they need to do is answer the question.question.

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Section A: question on a Section A: question on a novelnovel

Khaled HosseiniKhaled Hosseini: : Kite RunnerKite Runner

a) Write about the ways Hosseini opens a) Write about the ways Hosseini opens the story in Chapter 1. the story in Chapter 1. 21 marks21 marks

b) Some readers see the title b) Some readers see the title Kite Kite RunnerRunner as representing a journey. as representing a journey. What meanings can you find in the title What meanings can you find in the title of the novel? of the novel? 21 marks21 marks

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Section A: question on Section A: question on poetry textpoetry text

HardyHardy (named poems) (named poems)

a) What methods does Hardy use to a) What methods does Hardy use to create settings in ‘The Darkling create settings in ‘The Darkling Thrush’ and ‘At Castle Boterel’?Thrush’ and ‘At Castle Boterel’? 21 marks21 marks

b) ‘Hardy’s poems reveal a morbid b) ‘Hardy’s poems reveal a morbid fascination with death.’ Write about fascination with death.’ Write about this view.this view. 21 marks21 marks

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Poetry ‘texts’Poetry ‘texts’

Poetry ‘texts’ differ from prose in Poetry ‘texts’ differ from prose in that they range in number of poems that they range in number of poems within the text, from one long poem, within the text, from one long poem, to several much shorter ones.to several much shorter ones.

There is no set rule as to how the There is no set rule as to how the poems will be covered in the exam, poems will be covered in the exam, beyond the guiding principle that beyond the guiding principle that Section A will be specific and Section A will be specific and Section B more general.Section B more general.

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Section BSection B

In Section B there will be two In Section B there will be two questions, with students choosing questions, with students choosing one. This time the AOs are as follows: one. This time the AOs are as follows:

• AO1 has one strandAO1 has one strand• AO2 has two strands AO2 has two strands • AO3 has three strandsAO3 has three strands• Note the absence here of AO4Note the absence here of AO4

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Section B: exampleSection B: example

Write about the ways that writers Write about the ways that writers aim to make the beginnings of aim to make the beginnings of their texts exciting. Refer to three their texts exciting. Refer to three texts you have studied.texts you have studied.

42 marks42 marks

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Section B: methodSection B: method

With three texts to write about, students With three texts to write about, students are not expected to write equally about are not expected to write equally about each one. Note too that there is no each one. Note too that there is no requirement explicitly to compare texts, requirement explicitly to compare texts, so students are free to write about each so students are free to write about each separately. The mark scheme strand separately. The mark scheme strand which mentions connections between which mentions connections between texts is being covered in the ways in texts is being covered in the ways in which the student writes about an aspect which the student writes about an aspect of narrative across three texts.of narrative across three texts.

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What do we mean by What do we mean by aspects of narrative?aspects of narrative?

• Story:Story: all the various events that are going to be all the various events that are going to be shownshown

• Plot: Plot: the chain of causes and circumstances which the chain of causes and circumstances which connect the various events and place then into connect the various events and place then into some sort of relationship with each othersome sort of relationship with each other

• Narrative: Narrative: involves how the events and causes involves how the events and causes are shown, and the various methods used to do are shown, and the various methods used to do this showing. Exploring aspects of narrative this showing. Exploring aspects of narrative involves looking at what the writer has chosen to involves looking at what the writer has chosen to include or not include, and how this choice leads include or not include, and how this choice leads the reader to certain conclusions.the reader to certain conclusions.

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RepresentationRepresentationYou will notice above that the word ‘shown’ You will notice above that the word ‘shown’ has been used to describe the events in a has been used to describe the events in a story. This is because all stories are a form story. This is because all stories are a form of of representationrepresentation. . In terms of studying literature at AS level In terms of studying literature at AS level students must grasp the idea of students must grasp the idea of representation. Characters in literary texts, representation. Characters in literary texts, whether novels, plays or poems are not whether novels, plays or poems are not real. Nor are the things that the characters real. Nor are the things that the characters do or say real. They are representations of do or say real. They are representations of people living in a representational world. people living in a representational world.

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Some aspects to considerSome aspects to consider

• SettingsSettings refers to where the action is refers to where the action is set, and its significance beyond just set, and its significance beyond just being a place where something happens.being a place where something happens.

• Time and sequenceTime and sequence refers to the order refers to the order

in which events are shown and so is a in which events are shown and so is a key part of how narrative works.key part of how narrative works.

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Some aspects to considerSome aspects to consider

• Characters andCharacters and characterisationcharacterisation refers refers not just to the people in the story but, not just to the people in the story but, much more importantly, their character much more importantly, their character traits and how they are revealed.traits and how they are revealed.

• VoicesVoices in stories can help to establish in stories can help to establish character traits, and so are part of character traits, and so are part of characterisation, but also they enable characterisation, but also they enable authors to give information.authors to give information.

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Some aspects to Some aspects to considerconsider

• The term The term point of viewpoint of view is used to help with is used to help with the idea that a story is told from certain the idea that a story is told from certain standpoints or perspectives. (Note here that standpoints or perspectives. (Note here that the words used to describe narrative are the words used to describe narrative are often derived from visual metaphors)often derived from visual metaphors)

• DestinationDestination can be used to mean that the can be used to mean that the story reaches certain conclusions. Working story reaches certain conclusions. Working out that the story has moral messages, ideas out that the story has moral messages, ideas which we are expected to believe in, can which we are expected to believe in, can lead to looking at the lead to looking at the ideologyideology in the story. in the story.