Assignment 2 TAKE BACK Presentation-rev2

8/13/2019 Assignment 2 TAKE BACK Presentation-rev2

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SUSTAINABLE PRODUCT DESIGN & MANUFACTURING (MMFU 5013)



PRESENTATION OUTLINE


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The problem

Take-back system by legislation

Take-back system without legislation

Company response to legislation

Good news

Conclusion



Help…… WALL-E


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More population

More and more waste

More and more and more landfill needed

More and more and more and more…

Health hazards

Environmental damage

Lack of space

Costly



What kind of world…

SUSTAINABLE PRODUCT DESIGN & MANUFACTURING (MMFU5013)

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Do we want?



Garbage woes


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Our backyard….

Puchong and Batu cave landfill already full.

Batang Berjuntai landfill was planned for 20 years

operation. Closed after 6 years only. Beranang water treatment plant disrupted in Nov 2010

due to landfill leachate contamination

Klang valley residents alone discarded 2100M Tonnes

of solid waste in 2011, most of it are sent to land fills.

Source: The Star newspaper reports



Land fill problems worldwide..


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Landfill space in UK was calculated to be enough

for 6.5 years in 2005!

Many small EU countries, no landfill.

Resistance from citizen groups

Landfill cost in developed countries skyrocketing

Denmark = RM297/ton

Japan = RM488/ton

Germany = RM379/ton

UK = RM109/ton




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Highlights: Take-Back legislation


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1995: first proposed by Lindhqvist (Sweden)

Solution to landfill problem

Producer to be responsible ‘form cradle to grave’

2000: EU passed Vehicle End of Life Directive 2002: EU passed Waste Electrical and Electronics

Directive

2004: Vehicle battery directive

Latest: 2012 WEEE directive Target >5%

More categories added



Legislative Regulation: EU


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Country Regulation Description

EU WEEE Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment

RoHS Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in

electrical and electronic equipment.

REACH Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and restriction of

Chemicals

VELD Vehicle End of Life Disposal

ErP Establishing a framework for the setting of eco-design

requirements for Energy related products.



Legislative Regulation: Others


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Country Description

Japan Basic Environment Law,

The Basic Act for Establishing Sound Material-Cycle

Society

Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources

Vehicle End of Life regulation

US National Computer Recycling Act

China Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment



Categories of WEEE/E-Waste


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WEEE/E-Waste collection system


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Figure 1: Conceptual Live Cycle of Electrical and Electronic Equipment with E-Waste

Collection System (UNEP, 2007)



Collection systems


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National Collective system

Local government collect and recycle all E-Waste.

Curb-side and special collection centers

Clearing house system

Collected by Producers directly

Collected by third party recyclers appointed by

Producers Collected by retailers

Collected centers



Financial models


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Upfront ‘Visible fees’ paid by consumer

Financial guarantee paid by producer

Recycling fee paid by producer

Sale and financial return from 6R of WEEE

Fees based on market share



Take-back system without Legislation


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Voluntary systems initiated by companies

Green image

Cost effectiveness due to increasing cost of raw

materials. Comparable example to EU is USA

Leading companies offer take-back systems,usually for flagship products.

But effectiveness very low.WEEE take back in Europe: 75-85% of products sold

US: 19% for IT WEEE, Lower for other WEEE




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LIFE CYCLE DEVELOPMENT (Umeda,

2012)

SUSTAINABLE PRODUCT DESIGN & MANUFACTURING (MMFU

5013)

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Figure 2: Overview of life cycle development (Umeda et. al, 2012)



Position of life cycle planning in life cycle


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Figure 3: Position of Life cycle planning in life cycle



Example 1: Ricoh Photocopier


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Targeted 100% photocopier take-back

Aggressive Virgin material reduction targets

2010 : 25%

2050: 87.5%

Benefits

Lesser cost for same quality to customer

Customer loyalty for company Less material resources used

Re-manufacturing is more profitable for Ricoh!



Example 2: Caterpillar engine

SUSTAINABLE PRODUCT DESIGN & MANUFACTURING (MMFU

5013)

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Engine take back by manufacturer

Engine re-manufactured up to six times.

7 times use!

Benefits

Lower cost to customer

Less virgin material used

More profitable for Caterpillar



Example 3: Fuji Xerox Australia


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Collects discarded photocopiers

Dis-assembled and parts salvaged.

Salvaged re-usable parts are used in manufacture of

new copiers.

Benefits

Less waste and landfill Cost effective for company

Less virgin resources and energy utilised



Competitiveness of European Auto


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Way behind Japan and US in 80-90s except Luxuryauto.

Vehicle End of Life Directive (VELD) &environmental legislation starting 2000

Industry feared that it will European vehicles evenmore expensive.

But ‘Necessity is the mother of invention’! Today... European cars can compete with Japanese mid and low

price models effectively. Volkswagen outsells Chinese carmakers in China!

Volvo plans to offer Parts Take Back (3R) for its trucks inMalaysia after it found that it is profitable.



BENEFITS:


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Producer

Government Environment

Customer

Society

Share holders

RecyclersNew business



CONCLUSION


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Take-back legislation is BEST current method

to reduce end of life disposal of products.

Effective (high recycle rate)

Beneficial to all stake holders

Promote Sustainable Development

Develop new industry

Documents

Assignment 2 TAKE BACK Presentation-rev2