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ATOM, THE BUILDING BLOCK OF THE UNIVERSE Jose Ruiz Ana Reyes

ATOM, THE BUILDING BLOCK OF THE UNIVERSE

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Jose R uiz Ana Reyes. ATOM, THE BUILDING BLOCK OF THE UNIVERSE. What’s life without atoms?. Everyday, you either hold, breathe or eat atoms. Your whole life is based on atoms. The whole world is made up of atoms! - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: ATOM, THE BUILDING BLOCK OF THE UNIVERSE

ATOM, THE BUILDING BLOCK OF THE

UNIVERSE

Jose Ruiz

Ana Reyes

Page 2: ATOM, THE BUILDING BLOCK OF THE UNIVERSE

What’s life without atoms?Everyday, you either hold, breathe or eat atoms. Your whole life is based on atoms. The whole world is made up of atoms!

When you take a simple breath, you inhale millions of nitrogen and hydrogen atoms! Even when you eat you, your body ingests carbon, nitrogen and carbon atoms!

Go ahead, pick up a book, a pencil or a pen, now you’ll be holding an object that is made up of atoms!

Now lets discover how it all began…

Page 3: ATOM, THE BUILDING BLOCK OF THE UNIVERSE

Atomism: Wind, Earth, Fire, Water Model

Atomism was developed by Leucippus and Democritus.

Atoms are undividable; there is no difference between an atom’s parts.

Atoms have size, shape and weight.

Atoms move in empty space

Page 4: ATOM, THE BUILDING BLOCK OF THE UNIVERSE

Wind, Earth, Fire and Water Model To Aristotle, there were only

four different types of atoms. These atoms came to be wind, earth, fire and water.

It was believed that everything on earth was made up of ONLY these four elements.

This theory was suggested around 450 BC

The idea that these elements were all made up of matter became the foundation of medicine and philosophy for two hundred years.

Everything was made up of a mixture of these four elements!

Page 5: ATOM, THE BUILDING BLOCK OF THE UNIVERSE

The Solid Sphere ModelJohn Dalton presented his atomic

theory in 1803.

1. Matter is made up of atoms that are indivisible and indestructible.

2. All atoms of an element are identical.

3. Atoms of different elements have different weights and different chemical properties.

4. Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole numbers to form compounds.

5. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed. When a compound decomposes, the atoms are recovered unchanged.

Dalton viewed the atom as a solid sphere

Page 6: ATOM, THE BUILDING BLOCK OF THE UNIVERSE

The Plum Pudding Model Joseph John Thompson introduced the idea of

the plum pudding model in 1904. The idea of the plum pudding model is that

every atom is positively charged with something inside of it called the “pudding” or electrons.

This idea was proposed based on the cathode ray experiment.

Page 7: ATOM, THE BUILDING BLOCK OF THE UNIVERSE

What was the cathode ray experiment? A cathode is a negatively charged terminal. In a cathode ray tube, this terminal is a

heated filament, much like the filament seen in a light bulb.

The filament is contained inside a vacuum within a glass tube. Inside the tube, a beam of electrons is allowed to flow from the filament into the vacuum.

The electron’s flow comes naturally.

Page 8: ATOM, THE BUILDING BLOCK OF THE UNIVERSE

The Nuclear Model Ernest Rutherford

developed the nuclear model.

He tried explaining the alpha particle scattering by using the gold foil experiment.

Alpha particles are heavy particles with twice the positive charge of a proton.

Page 9: ATOM, THE BUILDING BLOCK OF THE UNIVERSE

What was the gold foil experiment? The purpose of the Gold Foil

method was to illustrate Rutherford’s idea of alpha particles.

The way this worked was by using a thin gold sheet placed in the center. He tried to shoot alpha particles through the gold sheet in order to prove his idea.

The results were not what he expected. Most particles went straight through, but some of the alpha particles reflected back in different angles.

Page 10: ATOM, THE BUILDING BLOCK OF THE UNIVERSE

The Planetary model Ernest Rutherford discovered

that the atom is basically, empty space. - Protons and neutrons occupy a region called the nucleus.

Electrons orbit the nucleus. It is known as a planetary model

because the gravitational force in a solar system and the electrical force are similar.

The positively charged nucleus and the negatively charged electrons in an atom are the same form.

It helped the spectrum of the hydrogen atom!

Page 11: ATOM, THE BUILDING BLOCK OF THE UNIVERSE

The Electron Cloud Model In the Erwin Schrodinger and

Werner Heisenburg developed functions the clouds in which electrons would be found.

In the Electron Cloud model, an atom consists of a dense nucleus composed of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons that exist in different clouds at different energy levels.

This model shows that electrons are no longer showed as particles moving in an orbit.

Meaning that we should not be able to see the particles ; they will just be seen as clouds around the nucleus.

Page 12: ATOM, THE BUILDING BLOCK OF THE UNIVERSE

In the end … We really enjoyed working on this project because

we learned many different things about atoms, electrons, alpha particles and how they work.

We found out who created the solid sphere model, who came up with Atomism as well as who came up with the idea of the plum pudding model, the planetary model,   and the electron cloud.

Over all this project was fun to work on, it was very interesting and it was a way to learn more about the things scientists like; John Dalton, Ernest Rutherford and J.J. Thomson invented and how they created experiments to support their thinking.

Page 13: ATOM, THE BUILDING BLOCK OF THE UNIVERSE

Which is which?!