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Terms you should know:

electron transport (chemiosmosis)final electron acceptorATP synthaseaerobic and anaerobic respirationheterotrophs

chemoheterotrophsphotoheterotrophsautotrophsphotoautotrophschemoautotrophs

Questions you should be able to answer:

• What are two functions of the proteins in the electron transport chain?• Why does respiration require a membrane? Why does aerobic respiration require oxygen?• What are two ways that anaerobes can produce energy in the absence of oxygen?• Where does ATP synthase get the energy to make ATP?• What is the difference between a heterotroph and an autotroph?

Lecture outline:

I. Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation

A. NADH and FADH2 transfer electrons to electron carrier proteins in the membraneB. Electrons move from carrier to carrier and eventually to oxygenC. Energy from the electrons is used to move hydrogen ions across the membrane

1. Difference in concentration of hydrogen ions represents potential energy2. Hydrogen ions can re-enter only through the ATP synthase protein3. ATP synthase uses energy from movement of the hydrogen ions to make ATP

II. Results of respiration

A. Two ATPs (net) from glycolysisB. Two ATPs from the TCA cycleC. 3 ATPs for each NADH used in electron transport, so 3 × 10 = 30 ATPsD. 2 ATPs for each FADH2 used in electron transport, so 2 × 2 = 4 ATPsE. 38 ATPs total!

III . Metabolism and bacterial li festyles

A. Heterotrophs: carbon source is an organic molecule (li ke glucose)

1. Chemoheterotrophs: energy source is also an organic molecule2. Photoheterotrophs: energy source is sunlight

B. Autotrophs: carbon source is CO2 from the atmosphere

1. Photoautotrophs: energy source is sunlight (photosynthesis)2. Chemoautotrophs: energy source is an inorganic molecule (H2, H2S)

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