392
ED 058 388 AUTHOR TITLE INSTITUTION PUB DATE NOTE AVAILABLE FROM EDRS PRICE DESCRIPTORS DOCUMENT RESUME VT 010 965 Sizemnre, Earl M.; Dobbs, Bruce L. Job Guide for Young Workers, 1969-70 Edition. Manpower Administration (DOL), Washington, D.C. U.S. Training and Employment Service. 69 390p. Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (L1.7/6:969-70, $1.50) MF-$0.65 HC-S13.16 *Employment Opportunities; Job Applicants; Job Market; Jobs; *Occupational Information; Part Time Jobs; *Post High School Guidance; *Vocational Counseling; Youth; *Youth Employment ABSTRACT This job guide for youth contains names of places to go and people to see for information and advice on how to analyze one's abilities and interests_and select suitable work. There is information on the benefits of a good education, on references for sources of financial aid and part-time and temporary jobs, and on preparing for a job interview. The bulk of the document is comprised of 150 occupational briefs of jobs frequently taken by youth after they graduate from high school and is divided into the following sections: (1) professionalp technical, and managerial, (2) clerical and sales, (3) service, (4) farming, fishery, forestry, (5) processing, (6) bench work, (7) structural work, and (8) miscellaneous. Each brief includes data on duties, job characteristics, qualifications, employment prospects, advancement opportunities, and finding a job. Additional references and a note to counselors are appended. (Author/BC)

AUTHOR TITLE Job Guide for Young Workers, 1969-70 Edition. · Preface. iv. The Job Guide for Young Workers is the 10th. edition issued since 1949. Each issue re-flected changes in

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ED 058 388

AUTHORTITLEINSTITUTION

PUB DATENOTEAVAILABLE FROM

EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS

DOCUMENT RESUME

VT 010 965

Sizemnre, Earl M.; Dobbs, Bruce L.Job Guide for Young Workers, 1969-70 Edition.

Manpower Administration (DOL), Washington, D.C. U.S.Training and Employment Service.69390p.Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, D.C. 20402 (L1.7/6:969-70,

$1.50)

MF-$0.65 HC-S13.16*Employment Opportunities; Job Applicants; JobMarket; Jobs; *Occupational Information; Part TimeJobs; *Post High School Guidance; *VocationalCounseling; Youth; *Youth Employment

ABSTRACTThis job guide for youth contains names of places to

go and people to see for information and advice on how to analyze

one's abilities and interests_and select suitable work. There isinformation on the benefits of a good education, on references for

sources of financial aid and part-time and temporary jobs, and onpreparing for a job interview. The bulk of the document is comprisedof 150 occupational briefs of jobs frequently taken by youth afterthey graduate from high school and is divided into the following

sections: (1) professionalp technical, and managerial, (2) clerical

and sales, (3) service, (4) farming, fishery, forestry, (5)

processing, (6) bench work, (7) structural work, and (8)miscellaneous. Each brief includes data on duties, jobcharacteristics, qualifications, employment prospects, advancementopportunities, and finding a job. Additional references and a note to

counselors are appended. (Author/BC)

et3obGuideForYoungWorkers1969-70EditionU.S.DEPARTMENT OFLABOR .

ManpowerAdministration

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION& WrLFARE

OFFICE OF EOUCATIONTHIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCEDEXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON ORORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT. POINTS OFVIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECES-SARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU-CATION POSITION OR POLICY.

PREFACE iv

INTRODUCTION 1

JOB HELP FROM VARIOUSORGANIZATIONS AND PEOPLE 2

Help From the Local Office ofYour State Employment Service 3

Help From Your StateDepartment of Labor 3

Help From Your Counselor,Teacher, or Principal 4

Help From Union Officials, LocalEmployers, and Your NearestFederal, State, or Local CivilService Commission Office 4

Help From the Local Recruiters ofArmy, Air Force, Navy, andMarine Corps 4

Help From Workers in the FieldThat Interests You 5

KINDS OF OCCUPATIONS 5

IMPORTANCE AND KINDS OFINDUSTRIES 7

EDUCATION 9Some Benefits of a Good Education 9Some Advantages of Education

Beyond High School 10Financial Assistance for Continuation

of Your Education 10

OUT-OF-SCHOOL TRAINING 12

Apprenticeship Program 12On-the-Job Training Program 12

Institutional Training Program 13

Preapprenticeship Program 13

Work-Training Program 13Training Programs by Private

Employers 13

Contents

PART-TIME AND TEMPORARYEMPLOYMENT 14

JOB OUTLOOK 15Job Openings 15Expected Employment Changes

in Industry Groups 15Expected Employment Changes

in Occupational Groups 16

GETTING THE JOB YOU WANT 17

Job Sources 17The Interview 17

OCCUPATIONAL BRIEFS 18ApprenticeGeneral 'Comments 20

PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL, ANDMANAGERIAL OCCUPATIONS

Dental Assistant 22Licensed Practical Nurse 24Medical Assistant 26Medical-Laboratory Assistant 28X-Ray Technician 30CLERICAL AND SALES OCCUPATIONS(clerical)Bookkeeping Clerk 32Bookkeeping-Machine Operator 34Calculating-Machine Operator;

Adding-Machine Operator 36Card-Tape-Converter Operator;

High-Speed-Printer Operator 38Cashier 40Computer-Peripheral-Equipment

Operator 42Data Typist 44Digital-Computer Operator 46Duplicating-Machine Operator 48Hotel Clerk 50Key-Punch Operator 52Library Assistant 54Office Boy; Office Girl; Messenger 56

Contents

PART-TIME AND TEMPORARYEMPLOYMENT 14

JOB OUTLOOK 15Job Openings 15Expected Employment Changes

in Industry Groups 15Expected Employment Changes

in Occupational Groups 16

GETTING THE JOB YOU WANT 17

Job Sources 17The Interview 17

OCCUPATIONAL BRIEFSApprenticeGeneral 'comments 20

PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL, ANDMANAGERIAL OCCUPATIONS

Dental Assistant 22Licensed Practical Nurse 24Medical Assistant 26Medical-Laboratory Assistant 28X-Ray Technician 30CLERICAL AND SALES OCCUPATIONS(clerical)Bookkeeping Clerk 32Bookkeeping-Machine Operator 34Calculating-Machine Operator;

Adding-Machine Operator 36Card-Tape-Converter Operator;

High-Speed-Printer Operator 38Cashier 40Computer-Peripheral-Equipment

Operator 42Data Typist 44Digital-Computer Operator 46Duplicating-Machine Operator 48Hotel Clerk 50Key-Punch Operator 52Library Assistant 54Office Boy; Office Girl; Messenger 56

Receptionist 58Secretary 60Stenographer 62Tabulating-Machine Operator;

Sorting-Machine Operator 64Tape Librarian 66Telephone Operator 68Teller 70Typist 72(sales)Grocery Checker 74Sales Clerk 76

SERVICE OCCUPATIONSAirplane Stewardess 78Barber; Barber Apprentice 80Bellman 82Cook Helper; Kitchen Helper 84Cosmetologist; Cosmetologist

Apprentice (Beauty Operator;Beauty-Operator Apprentice) 86

Dry-Cleaner Helper 88Food-Service Worker 90

Bus BoyCar HopCountermanFountain Man

Laundry Laborer 92Machine Presser; Hand Presser 94Nurse Aid; Orderly 96Policeman; Police Cadet 98Waiter; Waitress 100FARMING, FISHERY, FORESTRY, AND

RELATED OCCUPATIONSAgricultural Aid 102Farm-Hand 104Forester Aid 106Nursery Worker 108

3

PROCESSING OCCUPATIONS

Coremaker; Coremaker Apprentice;Coremaker Helper 110

Molder; Molder Apprentice;Molder Helper 112

MACHINE TRADES OCCUPATIONSAirplane Mechanic; Airplane-

Mechanic Apprentice; Airplane-Mechanic Helper 114

Automobile Mechanic; Automobi le-Mechanic Apprentice; Automobile-Mechanic Helper 11.6

Cylinder-Press Man) Cylinder-Press-Man Apprentice 118

Diesel Mechanic; Diesel-MechanicApprentice; Diesel-MechanicHelper 120

Gas-Appliance Serviceman; Gas-Appliance-Serviceman Helper 122

Machinist; Machinist Apprentice 124Metal Patternmaker; Metal-

Patternmaker Apprentice 126Office- Machine Serviceman; Office-

Machine-ServicemanApprentice 128

Offset Pressman; Offset-PressmanApprentice 130

Refrigeration Mechanic; Refrigeration-Mechanic Apprentice; Refrigeration.Mechanic Helper 132

Tool-and-Die Maker; Tool-and-Die-Maker Apprentice 134

Wood Patternmaker; Wood-Patternmaker Apprentice 136

BENCH WORK OCCUPATIONS

Dental-Laboratory Technician;Dental-Laboratory-TechnicianApprentice 138

Instrument Repairman; Instrument-Repairman Apprentice; Instrument-Repairman Helper 140

Jeweler; Jeweler Apprentice 142Radio-and-Television Repairman;

Radio-and-Television-RepairmanApprentice 144

STRUCTURAL WORK OCCUPATIONS

Automobile-Body Repairman;Automobile-Body-RepairmanApprentice; Automobile-Body-Repairman Helper 146

Carpenter; Carpenter Apprentice;Carpenter Helper 148

Construction Worker 150Electrical-Appliance Serviceman;

Electrical-Appliance-ServicemanApprentice; Electrical-Appliance-Serviceman Helper 152

Electrician; Electrician Apprentice;Electrician Helper 154

Floor Layer; Floor-Layer Apprentice;Floor-Layer Helper 156

Operating Engineer; Operating-Engineer Apprentice 158

Painter; Painter Apprentice;Painter Helper 160

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BENCH WORK OCCUPATIONS

Dental-Laboratory Technician;Dental-Laboratory-TechnicianApprentice 138

Instrument Repairman; Instrument-Repairman Apprentice; I nstrument-Repairman Helper 140

Jeweler; Jeweler Apprentice 142Radio-and-Television Repairman;

Radio-and-Television-RepairmanApprentice 144

STRUCTURAL WORK OCCUPATIONS

Automobile-Body Repairman;Automobile-Body-RepairmanApprentice; Automobile-Body-Repairman Helper 146

Carpenter; Carpenter Apprentice;Carpenter Helper 148

Construction Worker 150

Electrical-Appliance Serviceman;Electrical-Appliance-ServicemanApprentice; Electrical-Appliance-Serviceman Helper 152

Electrician; Electrician Apprentice;Electrician Helper 154

Floor Layer; Floor-Layer Apprentice;Floor-Layer Helper 156

Operating Engineer; Operating-Engineer Apprentice 158

Painter; Painter Apprentice;Painter Helper 150

Pipe Fitter; Pipe-Fitter Apprentice;Pipe-Fitter Helper 162

Plasterer; Plasterer Apprentice;Plasterer Helper 164

Plumber; Plumber Apprentice;Plumber Helper 166

Sheet-Metal Worker; Sheet-Metal-

Worker Apprentice; Sheet-Metal-Shop Helper 168

Telephone Installer 170Tile Setter; Tile-Setter Apprentice;

Tile-Setter Helper 172Welder; Welder Apprentice;

Welder Helper 174

mISCELLANEOUS OCCUPATIONSAutomobile-Service-Station

Attendant 176Bookbinder; Bookbinder

Apprentice 178Compositor; Compositor

Apprentice 180Parking-Lot Attendant 182Transferrer; Transferrer

Apprentice 184

NOTE TO COUNSELORS 186

LIST OF ADDITIONAL READINGSFOR YOUNG JOBSEEKERS ANDTHEIR COUNSELORS 189

BIBLIOGRAPHY 195

INDEX AND DOT CLASSIFICATIONOCCUPATIONS 196

For salo by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OfficeWashington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1.60

Preface

iv

The Job Guide for Young Workers is the 10thedition issued since 1949. Each issue re-flected changes in job content and in thejob market. Improvements were made inthe booklet based on experience with theprevious issues. Each issue has been foundto be helpful to young jobseekers, coun-selors in high schools and elsewhere, andlecondary school teachers.

Although we hope that this edition is the,ast and most useful one so far, we will

welcome suggestions from counselors andteachers, and the young people themselves,for further changes to increase the useful-ness of the Job Guide in counseling andteaching.

We are gratefJl to the other Bureaus inthe Department of Labor which provided in-formation, particularly the Bureau of LaborStatistics from whose numerous studies andpublications we extracted the industrial andoccupational outlook information includedin the Job Guide. We are also grateful to theU.S. Office of Education, and the numerousprivate individuals who were helpful.

This edition was prepared in the Branchof Career information by Earl M. Sizemoreand Bruce L. Dobbs, under the supervisionof Walter S. Studdiford.

Introduction YOU ARE an exceptional young rnan oryoung woman if you have thought about thefollowing questions:

1. What kind of work would you like to do?2. What are your special abilities and inter-

ests?3. Why is the industry in which your job is

found important to you?4. How much more money can you earn in

a lifetime with a high school educationthan you can with an eighth grade edu-cation?

5. What is the difference in lifetime earn-ings betwen a college graduate and ahigh school graduate?

6. How many ways can you get financial aidto help you stay in school and continueyour education?

7. What kinds of job-training programs areavailable to you?

8. Which occupE:tions and industries offerthe best job opportunities to you?

9. How many different places and peoplecan you contact in search of a job whenyou are ready to work?Well, how many can you answer? One

out of nine? Two out of nine? Three out ofnine? More?

Even if your score is zero, you are never-theless an unusual person because you haveshown concern over your future just by open-ing this booklet and reading this far. Toomany young people leave school to find jobswithout thinking about these questions. Asa result, their search for work is long andhard. In fact, 1 out of 3 people now with-out a job is a young person somewherebetween 16 and 21 years of age. Moreover,over 1 million youth are looking for jobs.

Many would now have jobs if they had shownas much interest in their future as you have

in yours.You really need to have good answers to

these questions and to many more that youwill undoubtedly ask yourself as you becomemore involved in job-hunting. When you havefound these answers, you will have takena giant step toward getting a job of yourchoice. To find such answers, you will prob-ably need some help. And the purpose ofthis Job Guide for Young Workers is to helpyou get started right.

This Job Guide lists the names of placesyou can go and people you can see for in-formation and advice about what you cando to learn about your abilities and interestsand the kinds of work that suit you. To helpyou get some idea of the kinds of jobs inexistence and how they are related, the JobGuide shows you a breakdown of jobs thatare alike and those that are not alike. Sucha grouping makes it easier for you to learnabout many related jobs at once when try-ing to make up your mind about the oneyou want. In addition, you'll learn why theindustry in which your job is to be foundis important to you.

Also, this Job Guide discusses some ofthe benefits of a good education and tellsyou how you can get financial aid if youwant to continue your education. It alsotells you about the many job-training pro-grams available for young jobseekers. Inaddition, it gives you information aboutsome of the benefits of part-time and tempo-rary jobs and tells how you can go aboutgetting one.

In the section of the Job Guide called"Getting the Job You Want," you'll find out

how to let employers know that you're look-ing for a job. Here also you'll find sometips on how to do your best when talkingto a future employer. Following this, theJob Guide gives you information on job open-ings now and in the future. Lastly, the sec-tion entitled "Occupational Briefs" givesyou the kinds of information you will wantto have about the jobs of your choice. Manyof the 150 jobs in this section are examplesof the jobs that young jobseekers frequentlyget upon leaving high school. Other jobsrequire education and training beyond highschool, Perhaps the one you want or areinterested in is included here.

ou're look-find someen talking

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Job HelpFrom VariousOrganizations

And People

Even though today there is, on a nationwidebasis, less unemployment than there hasbeen at many times in our country's history,there is still too much, and there are a num-ber of "pockets" in the country where manypeople who live in one of these areas areunemployed. Most of these areas are inlarge cities. Some of the people who areworking are "underemployed" they areworking at jobs which don't call for the bestin skills and abilities they have to offer.There are a number of reasons why theseconditions exist. There just may not beenough jobs in the community to go around.Some of the jobs that are available may re-quire skills, training, or education that mostof the people don't have. Perhaps a personhas reached the age where he can no longerdo the work he did when he was younger;perhaps a physical handicap limits the kindof work he can do. It seems too, that thelonger a person is unemployed the moredifficult it is to get a job.

All levels of government, private industry,and others are sharing an effort today tosolve this problem by trying to see that allwho are willing to work are provided withwhatever is necessary for them to get a job.The U.S. Department of Labor is particularlyactive in this effort toward full employment.A major thrust is the JOBS (Job Opportuni-ties in the Business Sector) program, a part-nership of government and business workingtogether to hire hard-core unemployed andpay them as they train for a job. Anothereffective approach is the Concentrated Em-ployment Program, which provides all man-power and related services to the areas andpeople most in need. Some programs, suchas New Careers, give work experience to

2 9

youth to prepare them for regular jobs.

There are a number of other programs youwill read about under the chapter "Out-of-School Training" and elsewhere as you read

further, which are part of this effort. Someof these programs involve going into theareas of unemployment to reach those whoneed help in getting jobs instead of waitingfor them to come to the employment offices;some involve working with employers to tryto develop jobs for those who need them;and some involve working with employersand local training agencies to set up train-ing programs for people who don't have the

rskills or experience to perform the jobs thatneed doing.

Many of these programs are set up largelyfor young people who have little or no workexperience and who usually have greaterdifficulty in finding jobs on their own.

Since a jobespecially your first oneisso important to you, you must not trust toblind luck. But that's just what you'll doif you set out searching for one withoutenough knowledge or information aboutjobs, about how to get them, and about your-self in the role of a worker. You don't how-ever, have to start your search with onlyblind luck. There are many persons who canhelp you in your hunt for the right job andcan also save you a lot of time and effort.You'll be doing yourself a favor if you takeadvantage of the experience and knowledgeabout work and workers.

HELP FROMTHE LOCAL OFFICEOF YO U R STATEEMPLOYMENT SERVICE

Every State has a statewide EmploymentService. The Employment Service in your

1. 0

State operates an employment office in yourtown or a nearby large community. Thisoffice can help you make your occupationalchoice and get a job. You will want to useits services.

No one seeking a job should be deniedthe opportunity to obtain a job on the basisof race, color, national origin, religion, sex,or age. The law and Federal regulationsspecifically prohibit these kinds of discrim-ination.

While government, as well as private in-dustry, labor unions, and community groups,is making efforts to bring about equal op-portunity in employment, discriminatorypractices still exist. A counselor at thelocal Employment Service office should beof assistance to you in guiding you intogainful employment. If you are having prob-lems, get in touch with him. He can helpdetermine whether discrimination is in-

volved.The Employment Service office receives

orders for workers from various employersin your community, and its personnel knowwhich jobs are readily available and whichare harder to get. In addition, the coun-selors in this office have occupational in-formation and forecasts based on local con-ditions; they know the hiring requirementsand wages in your area. They also havetests which will help you find out and meas-ure your aptitudes and abilities. With thisknowledge of jobs and local conditions andtheir, understanding of how to relate testscores to jobs, these counselors can help

you find the kind of job you can do best,and at the same time, put you in touch withemployers who are trying to find the workersthey need.

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State operates an employment office in yourtown or a nearby large community. Thisoffice can help you make your occupationalchoice and get a job. You will want to useits services.

No one seeking a job should be deniedthe opportunity to obtain a job on the basisof race, color, national origin, religion, sex,or age. The law and Federal regulationsspecifically prohibit these kinds of discrim-ination.

While government, as well as priyate in-dustry, labor unions, and community groups,is making efforts to bring about equal op-portunity in employment, discriminatorypractices still exist. A counselor at thelocal Employment Service office should beof assistance to you in guiding you intogainful employment. If you are having prob-lems, get in touch with him. He can helpdetermine whether discrimination is in-volved.

The Employment Service office receivesorders for workers from various employersin your community, and its personnel knowwhich jobs are readily available and whichare harder to get. In addition, the coun-selors in this office have occupational in-formation and forecasts based on local con-ditions; they know the hiring requirementsand wages in your area. They also havetests which will help you find out and meas-ure your aptitudes and abilities. With thisknowledge of jobs and local conditions andtheir understanding of how to relate testscores to jobs, these counselors can helpyou find the kind of job you can do best,and at the same time, put you in touch withemployers who are trying to find the workersthey need.

3.

Other services are also available throughyour State Employment Service. Perhapsyou are interested in an apprenticeship ortraining program. Some local offices havean Apprenticeship Information Center whichworks closely with employers and unions,and has detailed information for you. Evenwithout the center, Employment Servicepersonnel know what's available in yourarea. If you have a physical disability, thereare special placement services for you. Yourlocal State Employment Service office worksclosely with rehabilitation agencies in plac-ing handicapped persons in suitable jobs.Finally, if you are interested in jobs inother areas of the State, or even in otherStates, this office can help you get informa-tion about those opportunities.

If you are under 22 years of age, yourEmployment Service office may help youthrough one of the approximately 175 YouthOpportunity Centers found in large citiesaround the country. These centers are es-pecially designed to help young people pre-pare for and find jobs.

These services are all free. The addressand telephone number of the office nearestyou is in the telephone directory.

HELP FROM YOUR STATEDEPARTMENT OF LABOR

Both State and Federal governments have

laws regulating the employment of youngpeople. The Federal Fair Labor StandardsAct states that persons 16 years old andover may be employed in all occupationsexcept those which are declared hazardousby the Secretary of Labor. There are 17such occupations currently declared offlimits for workers under. 48 years of age.

Among the jobs considered hazardous arethose of motor vehicle driver and helper;operator of any power-driven hoisting ma-chinery including elevators; and operator ofcertain power-driven machines. This lawalso sets the conditions for youth aged 14and 15 to work outside school hours in alimited number of occupations, such asoffice and sales work and certain food serv-ice and gasoline service jobs.

The different States have their own lawswhich set minimum wages and hours andconditions of work, require school attend-ance, and control the issuance of certificatesor work permits for young people. To findout about these laws and how they affectyou, get in touch with the nearest localoffice of your State Employment Service orwrite to your State's Department of Labor.It is usually located in your State capital.

HELP FROM YOUR COUNSELOR,TEACHER, OR PRINCIPAL

The high school you attend is an excellentstarting point in planning your future occu-pation. Your school counselor has voca-tional and personality tests to help youdefine your interests and abilities. He canhelp you select courses and vocational train-ing which fit your plans and give you a realheadstart in looking for a job. In addition,he knows of any special surveys about jobsthat may have been done by school or com-munity groups in your area.

Other sources of information in yourschool include teachers of special subjects,such as industrial arts, shorthand, and art,who can give you information about jobsrelated to the subjects they teach. Yourschool librarian, as well as your counselor,

1

principal, and teachers, may have informa-tion about jobs which you will want to readand consider. A book that may be of par-ticular help to you, and which most schoollibrarians and counselors know about andhave, is the Occupational Outlook Handbook,prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statisticsof the U.S. Department of Labor. It containsdetailed information about more than 700occupations.

HELP FROM UNION OFFICIALS,LOCAL EMPLOYERS,AND YOUR NEAREST FEDERAL,STATE, OR LOCAL CIVILSERVICE COMMISSION OFFICE

Your occupational choice may make it nec-essary for you to talk with knowledgeablepeople, for instance union representativeswho have information about the field youwant to enter. Hiring for certain jobs issometimes done directly through joint ap-prenticeship committees. Even if this is notthe case, officials of the joint apprenticeshipcommittees will be able to tell you about theoutlook for their occupations and their ap-prenticeship programs. You can also writeletters to and make appointments at thepersonnel offices of employers offering thekind of work which interests you. They willhave information about job requirementsand work opportunities. More jobs withFederal and State governments have specificrequirements established by the govern-ment, including a test for which you mustapply in advance. You can get informationabout government jobs by contacting yourlocal Federal or State Civil Service Commis-sion office, which usually is located in thelocal Post Office. The exact addresses, how-ever, of both Federal and State Civil Service

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ities. He cancational train-ive you a real. In addition,ys about jobschool or corn-

tion in yourc ia I subjects,and, and art,n about jobsteach. Yourur counselor,

principal, and teachers, may have informa-tion about jobs which you will want to readand consider. A book that may be of par-ticular help to you, and which most schoollibrarians and counselors know about andhave, is the Occupational Outlook Handbook,prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statisticsof the U.S. Department of Labor. It containsdetailed information about more than 700occupations.

HELP FROM UNION OFFICIALS,LOCAL EMPLOYERS,AND YOUR NEAREST FEDERAL,STATE, OR LOCAL CIVILSERVICE COMMISSION OFFICE

Your occupational choice may make it nec-essary for you to talk with knowledgeablepeople, for instance union representativeswho have information about the field youwant to enter. Hiring for certain jobs issometimes done directly through joint ap-prenticeship committees. Even if this is notthe case, officials of the joint apprenticeshipcommittees will be able to tell you about theoutlook for their occupations and their ap-prenticeship programs. You can also writeletters to and make appointments at thepersonnel offices of employers offering thekind of work which interests you. They willhave information about job requirementsand work opportunities. More jobs withFederal and State governments have specificrequirements established by the govern-ment, including a test for which you mustapply in advance. You can get informationabout government jobs by contacting yourlocal Federal or State Civil Service Commis-sion office, which usually is located in thelocal Post Office. The exact addresses, how-ever, of both Federal and State Civil Service

Commission offices are in your telephonedirectory.

Union officials, employers, and represen-tatives of the Civil Service Commissions areall willing to help youbut it is up to youto contact them.

HELP FROM THE LOCAL RECRUITERSOF ARMY, AIR FORCE, NAVY,AND MARINE CORPSYou can also get advice on career and train-ing possibilities in the Armed Forces fromrecruiters who are stationed in, or regularlyvisit, your community. Most young men andsome young women spend time in the armedservices. These years can be used to geteducation and training which will later opendoors to interesting and well-paying civilianjobs. As far as the needs of the ArmedForces allow, your aptitudes, training, andinterests will be considered in your assign-ment. Naturally, you will be able to usethese years to your better advantage if youhave made a thoughtful occupational choicebefore you enter the Armed Forces.

The experience gained from military serv-ice can be useful, whether or not you stayin the service. A recent study shows thatworkers in some jobs do better and makemore progress when they have had relatedmilitary training. In addition, as a veteranyou'll receive special treatment when apply-ing for a job. The local State EmploymentService office has the responsibility of con-tacting veterans and providing them withadditional services. However, even if youare a veteran, don't wait for an EmploymentService official to contact you. Visit the localState Employment Service office and askfor the veterans representative, who will seethat you're well taken care of.

HELP FROM WORKERS IN THE FIELD

THAT INTERESTS YOU

Another way of finding out about particularjobs is to talk to people in those fields.Most people like to talk about their jobs, andmost are glad to give information about theirline of work to young, interested persons.These workers may even know about jobopenings in their own establishments orothers in the same line of work. If you know

someone who does the kind of work thatinterests you, ask him for information.Otherwise ask a friend or a relative if heknows someone in the field of work thatinterests you. Perhaps, through a friend ora relative you'll meet a few workers who canhelp you.

Kinds OfOccupations

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Kinds OfOccupations

6.

In exploring work opportunities you will findthat occupations are related in various ways.These relationships make it easier to groupthem and to consider them together. Oneway of grouping them is as follows:

Professional, technical, and managerialoccupations call for specialized knowledgegained beyond high school, either in univer-sities, junior colleges, technical schools, orthrough progressive work experience. Thisgroup of jobs offers few entry opportunitiesfor the high school graduate. Teacher,nurse, physician, accountant, chemist, sales-manager, and editor are examples of theseoccupations.

Clerical and sales occupations includemany jobs open to high school grauates, es-pecially those who have had training in typ-ing, bookkeeping, and related subjects. Theoccupations in this category are concernedwith preparing and recording written infor-mation, collecting accounts, distributing in-formation, and doing sales work. Typicaloccupations include typist, bank teller, book-keeper, key-punch operator, messenger,stock clerk, and salesperson.

Service occupations involve doing workin and around private households; servingindividuals in institutions and in businessand other establishments; and protectingthe public against crime, fire, accidents,and acts of war. Many of the jobs in thiscategory provide opportunities for thosewithout training or experience. Some, how-ever, require special training and licensing.Among the jobs found in service occupationsare cook, waiter, barber, beautician, guard,and fireman.

Farming, fishery, forestry, and related oc-cupations include the important work of on-

15

farm production of food and fiber, as well asoccupations in off-farm activities assor,iatedwith agricultural products, ornamental horti-culture, agricultural resources, and forestry.Some occupations included in this group arefarmhand, farm equipment operator, cow-puncher, fisherman, fire lookout, nurseryworker, gamekeeper, and forester aide. Highschool graduates will find a large numberof beginning opportunities in both farm andoff-farm agricultural fields.

Processing occupations are concernedwith treating, mixing, compounding, andrefining various materials and products suchas metals, foods, wood products, and chem-icals. Jobs typically involve working withvats, stills, ovens, furnaces, mixing ma-chines, crushers, grinders, and similarequipment. A large number of beginningopportunities for both high school graduatesand nongraduates are found in processingoccupations.

Machine trades occupations are con-cerned with installing, setting up, running,keeping up, and repairing machines andmechanical equipment used to make partsout of materials such as metal, paper, wood,and stone. Most of the jobs in this categorycall for skills and judgment which can begained only through training and experience.Therefore, apprenticeship or helper's jobsare the best way to get into most machinetrades occupations.

Bench work occupations are concernedwith the fine work which must _a done onmany small objects and on some materialsat a bench, worktable, or conveyor. Theworker uses his hands, handtools, and benchmachines to grind, paint, sew, put together,inspect, or repair the productwhich might

1.0

be a musical instrument, a piece of elec-trical equipment, an article of clothing orjewelry, or one of any number of differentthings. Beginning workers usually are as-signed to a given step in the productionprocess, and they do their task or set oftasks many times in a single day. With ex-perience, beginners can move up to moredifficult work which may call for under-standing blueprints in order to meet re-quired standards of size and measurement.

Structural work occupations include thedifferent kinds of work necessary to buildand keep up structural parts ranging frombuildings and bridges to motor vehiclei.Factory production-line jobs, as well as jobsdone outside factories or shops, are foundin this category. Workers use hand and

well asoc iatedI horti-restry.up are, cow-ursery. Highumberm and

cerned, ands suchchern-g withg ma-similarinningduatesessing

con-n n ing,

s andparts

wood,tegoryan beience.

s jobschine

-ernedne onterials

Thebenchether,might

be a musical instrument, a piece of elec-trical equipment, an article of clothing orjewelry, or one of any number of differentthings. Beginning workers usually are as-signed to a given step in the productionprocess, and they do their task or set oftasks many times in a single day. With ex-perience, beginners can move up to moredifficult work which may call for under-standing blueprints in order to meet re-quired standards of size and measurement.

Structural work occupations include thedifferent kinds of work necessary to buildand keep up structural parts ranging frombuildings and bridges to motor vehiclei.Factory production-line jobs, as well as jobsdone outside factories or shops, are foundin this category. Workers use hand and

portable power tools and work with wood,metal, concrete, glass, clay, and other ma-terials. Since many of these jobs call fora knowledge of the materials which areused, beginners will find that apprentice-ship and helper's jobs very often providethe best way into structural work occupa-tions.

Miscellaneous occupations are thosewhich do not fit in any of the other cate-gories. These occupations may be con-cerned with the following: transportationseivices; packaging materials and storingitems in warehouses; producing and dis-tributing gas, water, steam, and electricity;amusement, recreation, and motion pictureservices; mining and logging; graphic artwork; and various other activities.

liP

re;aikrts

Aft Lali

1

ImportanceAnd Kinds Of

Industries

Now that you know about the categories ofoccupations, you'll want to know where thejobs in each group are found. Many occu-pations, like bank teller, are found only infinancial institutions; others, like truckdriver, are found in many industries. Some,such as clerk and stenographer, are found inalmost all industries.

Maybe yoU're asking yourself what differ-ence the industry makes. The answer is,quite a lot. It usually affects the amountof money you earn, your chances for ad-vancement, the working conditions, and thekinds of duties you have. For example, ifthe job you want is located in an industrywhich is "technically oriented"that it, hasto do with machines or technical proceduresthen you will have to work directly or in-directly with complicated machines andtechnical language. Almost all manufactur-ing industries, such as steel mills andairplane manufacturing, are "technicallyoriented." So are jobs in machine shops andmany jobs concerned with public utilities.Some people really don't like this kind ofwork and would prefer to work in surround-ings where they have contact with and dealdirectly with many other people. If so, theywill want to look for jobs in fields such asretail and wholesale trade, finance, insur-ance, and real estate rather than in manu-facturing. In addition, some people preferworking in an activity that directly involveshelping others, such .as health services orsocial welfare.

You can get a lot of useful information bytaking a look at the industry field or the"where" of a job. One way of presentinginformation on the kinds of industries, is asfollows:

:118

Manufacturing is concerned with makingcountless products all the way from steelbeams to rubber bands. The largest numberof workers and the widest variety of jobsare found in the manufacturing field. Someof the larger manufacturing industries arethose that make food products, textiles,clothing, lumber and wood products, chem-icals, steel, electrical and nonelectrical ma-chinery, automobiles, aircraft, spacecraft,and those responsible for printing and pub-lishing. In all these industries, there arecertain processes or ways of making theproduct and of tending, operating, and car-ing for machinery and equipment. Each ofthese processes makes up the duties ofmost workers. Some of the jobs in massproduction are simple and call for doing afew things many times every day; otherschallenge the highest skills of craftsmen andprofessional workers.

Wholesale and retail trade employs thenext largest number of workers. Included inthis field are retail stores and wholesalebusinesses which sell all kinds of merchan-dise from groceries to automobiles. In thisfield you will also find eating and drinkingplaces. The largest single group of workersin this field are salespeople. There are alsomany waiters, waitresses, and managers ofall kinds.

Agriculture includes not only the produc-tion of food and fiber but also businessesthat provide supplies and services to farmersand ranchers, to those engaged in process-ing and marketing of agricultural p;oducts,and to forest management. Because ofscientific advances in agriculture and theintroduction of highly complex machineryand systems, the professional, technical,

and other highly skilled occupations ratherthan the unskilled occupations are becom-ing more and more typical in this field.

Government employs many people in awide variety of occupations. You may thinkof the typical government employee as aclerical worker. Actually, only one-fourth ofgovernment jobs are clerical jobs. The re-mainder range from unskilled laborers tohighly trained scientists. Government work-ers are found in arsenals, shipyards, aero-space maintenance bases; in the postal serv-ice, police and fire departments, healthclinics and schools; in maintenance of build-ings and highways; in research laboratories;and in office buildings.

Services employ a large number of peoplein places such as automobile and TV repairshops, laundries and drycleaning establish-ments, hotels, barber and beauty shops,theaters, and homes. Hospitals, schools,welfare agencies, labor unions, accountingservices, and research laboratories are alsoincluded as service industries.

Transportation and public utilities includeworkers in air transportation, railroads, radioand television stations, and trucking com-panies.

Construction involves many professionaland skilled men in the building, mainte-nance, and repair of all types of structuresfrom houses to bridges. Beginning jobs inthis field include a large number of appren-tices, laborers, and semiskilled workers.

Finance, insurance, and real estate in-dustries employ many "white-collar" work-ers. Clerical occupations are common inbanks and insurance companies. Manysalesmen or sales agents work in real estate

19

and brokerage firms, andpanies employ many insura

Mining is a small but imfield. While many miners asome mineral deposits areface and are removed by sincluded in this field arewith extracting petroleumCraftsmen and machine othe greatest number of mi

If you are interesteddustry, find out about the

nsurancce agen

portant ire underclose torip mininjobs cor

and natuiperators r rning worken a partickinds of en

ations rathers are becom-this field.

people in aou may thinkployee as aone-fourth of

jobs. The re-d laborers tornment work-

ipyards, aero-e postal serv-ents, health

ance of build-laboratories;

ber of peoplend TV repair

ing establish-eauty shops,als, schools,, accountingries are also

ilities includei !roads, radiorucking corn-

professionaling, mainte-of structuresning jobs in

er of appren-workers.

al estate in-ollar" work-common in

nies. Manyin real estate

and brokerage firms, and insurance com-panies employ many insurance agents.

Mining is a small but important industryfield. While many miners are underground,some mineral deposits are close to the sur-face and are removed by strip mining. Alsoincluded in this field are jobs concernedwith extracting petroleum and natural gas.Craftsmen and machine operators make upthe greatest number of mining workers.

If you are interested in a particular in-dustry, find out about the kinds of entry jobs

it offers. In your consideration, rememberthat many "glamour" industries, such asmissiles and spacecraft, electronics andplastics, include jobs which are routine andnot nearly as glamorous as their products.Also, while large growing industries offer thebest opportunities for many jobs, small in-dustries often have opportunities which arejust as satisfying. Even the industries andoccupations where the total number of jobsremains about the same provide some goodreplacement job openings.

20

1

Education How often have you been told that to get agood job you must get a good education?You have probably heard these words fromyour parents, friends, or relatives more timesthan you can recall. You may even havenoticed these words on an advertising cardwhile riding on a bus or heard them overradio and television. Well, whoever saidthem to you gave you very sound_advice. Asa young jobseeker today, you face a job mar-ket in which education is the most importantqualification you can have. The more youhave of it, the greater are your chances ofsuccess. If you're thinking about droppingout of school or limiting your education tothe high school level, you'll profit from thediscussion that follows on various aspectsof education.

SOME BENEFITS OF A GOOD EDUCATION

Today, more than ever before, just to besure that you have a chance for a job, youmust have a good education, because jobopportunities are increasing most rapidly inoccupations that require more educationand better training. For instance, the great-est number of job opportunities are in pro-fessional and technical fields. But to getinto one of these fields, you need an educa-tion on the college, university, or technicalinstitute level. Opportunities to enter cleri-cal work are also great, but most clericaloccupations require a high school edu-cation. Opportunities for you to become asalesman or a salesperson are also good,but here again, a high school education isalmost always required.

Job openings for machine tool operators,machinery repairmen and mechanics, car-penters, bricklayers, sheetmetal workers,

9 1 9

plumbers, and other highly skilled workersare plentiful. In the past, many young job-seekers were able to get into these kinds ofwork with only 1 or 2 years of high schoolbecause the number of workers was limited.But now, with so many applicants availablefor such jobs, employers can and do insiston applicants with more and better educa-tion. Even where a high school education isnot always required, employers give prefer-ence to high school graduates.

Opportunities for work such as farm-hands, operators of small, family owned andoperated farms, and laborers others thanthose on farms, all of which require littleschooling, are very limited. In fact, thesekinds of jobs are disappearing from the workscene. There are still some job openingsavailable, but there are not enough of themto go around.

With a good education you'll earn moremoney throughout your lifetime. High schoolgraduates earn, on the average, almost twiceas much money in their lifetimes as doworkers who have less than a high schooleducation. Even workers with from 1 to 3years of high school average $28,000 morethan those with only 8 years of education.With some college training, the differencein the amount of money earned by workersbecomes even greater. Such differences be-jtween the earning power of the educatedworker and the undereducated worker willbecome increasingly wider.

Still another benefit of a good educationis to be found in the way you can use it afteryou have been working for a while. Today,most young people just starting out on theirfirst full-time jobs probably will change jobsseveral times during their lives. Sometimes,

they change jobs because they have achoice. Sometimes, however, new machinescome into use and take over their jobs. Newprocesses, materials, and products alsocome into use and cause jobs to disappearor change. As a result, workers must findnew jobs. Finding new jobs nowadays in-volves learning new skills. People with littleeducation are finding it very hard, some-times impossible, to learn different andhigher skills. With a good educational back-ground, however, you'll be prepared forchange and will be able to cope with thechallenge of learning a new skill and gettinga new and better job.

Even now, while you're in school, you arelearning many useful things. The knowledgeyou are getting from such courses as typingand stenography may qualify you for em-ployment as a typist or a stenographer im-mediately upon leaving high schooi. Theexperience you are getting in such voca-tional courses as metal machining, wood-working, electrical repair, and automobilerepair will weigh heavily in your favor whenyou apply for a job in any of these fields.In addition, you are acquiring good habitsof study and concentration that will be justas important to you as a worker as they areto you as a student. Also, and perhaps mostimportant of all, you are getting a soundunderstanding of mathematics and English.In almost every job, at one time or another,you will need to use at least one of them.In many jobs you'll need to use them both,especially English. At some time in doingyour job you probably will be asked to makenotes, reports, or records. You may alsohave to talk to a group of people. If you canexpress yourself easily, you will feel more

22

confident and increase your chancesmotion.

So do all you can to stay in schoget that high school diploma. If yoithe verge of dropping out or have rcdropped out because you needed somimoney, make a beeline to the nearestof your local State Employment SThe workers in this office will do evetin their power to get you a part-tinwhile you're in school. They evensome summer jobs available. If you'lvocational school and need somemoney or could attend one if you hadextra money, see your vocational couivocational instructor, or a member clocal vocational school board. Thehelp you get a part-time job.

SOME ADVANTAGES OF EDUCATIONBEYOND HIGH SCHOOL

If, however, you're lucky enough to hachance to continue your educationhigh school, you'll find, by doing so, Ifjob opportunities and the benefits thavailable to a high school graduate arigreater for those with more educatictraining.

There are growing-numbers of well-Itechnical jobs open to those youngwith 1 or 2 years of special training.have the interest and ability, such octions as electronic technician, enginaide, dental hygienist, draftsman, anoratory technician are promising pc);ties. These and similar specializecprovide both good income and job sation. In addition, they can serve as op(to professional and managerial posThe growing industrial use of atomic e

/0,

they have anew mach i nesheir jobs. Newproducts alsos to disappearers must findnowadays in-

ople with littlehard, some-

different andcational back-prepared for

cope with thein and getting

chool, you arehe knowledgerses as typingyou for em-

nographer im-school. The

n such voca-hining, wood-d automobileur favor whenf these fields.

good habitsat will be juster as they areperhaps mostting a soundand English.e or another,one of them.e them both,

time in doingsked to makeou may alsole. If you canill feel more

confident and increase your chances of pro-motion.

So do all you can to stay in school andget that high school diploma. If you're onthe verge of dropping out or have recentlydropped out because you needed some extramoney, make a beeline to the nearest officeof your local State Employment Service.The workers in this office will do everythingin their power to get you a part-time jobwhile you're in school. They even havesome summer jobs available. If you're in avocational school and need some extramoney or could attend one if you had someextra money, see your vocational counselor,vocational instructor, or a member of yourlocal vocational school board. They canhelp you get a part-time job.

SOME ADVANTAGES OF EDUCATIONBEYOND HIGH SCHOOL

If, however, you're lucky enough to have thechance to continue your education beyondhigh school, you'll find, by doing so, that thejob opportunities and the benefits that areavailable to a high school graduate are evengreater for those with more education andtraining.

There are growing numbers of well-payingtechnical jobs open to those young peoplewith 1 or 2 years of special training. If youhave the interest and ability, such occupa-tions as electronic technician, engineeringaide, dental hygienist, draftsman, and lab-oratory technician are promising possibili-ties. These and similar specialized jobsprovide both good income and job satisfac-tion. In addition, they can serve as openingsto professional and managerial positions.The growing industrial use of atomic energy,

/o.

the trend toward more automation in fac-tories, the challenge of outer space explora-tion, and the continued growth of the chemi-cal and e!ectronics industries all point toexcellent future opportunities for trainedtechnicians, who generally act as the linkbetween scientists or engineers and skilledcraftsmen.

Just as high school graduates have anadvantage over dropouts, and technicalschool graduates have an advantage overhigh school graduates, those who have col-lege training have the best chance of all toget interesting, steady jobs with good payand a good future. At present, there areshortages of college trained men and womenin important fields such as engineering,physics, mathematics, chemistry, and othersciences. In addition, more people will beneeded than are now being trained for teachring, social work, nursing, and other medicaland health careers. These kinds of occupa-tions need not be out of your reach. If youwant to go to college but need additionalmoney, there are several sources of finan-cial assistance now available to you.

FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FORCONTINUATION OF YOUR EDUCATION

One important source is the Federal Gov-ernment. During the past 10 years, theCongress has enacted legislation to make itpossible for more and more young studentsto continue their education beyond highschool. One such act is the National De-fense Education Act of 1958, which makes itpossible for students who want to becometrained in highly skilled technical jobs thatare important to the Nation's defense toobtain low-interest loans from colleges and

2 3

universities in which they are enrolled. Italso makes funds available for loans to stu-dents in other occupational fields. Hundreds

of millions of dollars have been borrowed bystudents as a result of this act, and amountsavailable for borrowing can be expected to

increase each year.Another financial-aid program to help stu-

dents in college was brought into existenceby the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964(EOA). This program is called a work-study

program. Through it, colleges and universi-ties help students from low-income families

to get part-time work while attending col-lege and full-time work during the summer.

Still another financial-aid program wasestablished by the Higher Education Act of1965 (HEA), which also makes work-study

programs available to students. But unlikethe work-study program under the EOA, thestudents need not come from low-income

families. They simply have to show thatthey need more money to meet their educa-

tional expenses. In addition to the work-,study program, this act makes it possiblefor qualified high school graduates who de-

sire a college education to obtain low-

interest loans for that purpose.Besides the programs of financial assist-

ance that are available through the interestof the Federal Government, there are twoother sources: private and academic. To

obtain a list of the available private sources,write to:College Scholarship ServiceBox 176Princeton, N.J. 08540

orCollege Scholarship ServiceBox 1025Berkeley, Calif. 94701

(.4

The academic sources are the colleges

and universities themselves. They have a

great deal of financial aid in the form ofscholarships, loans, and grants to offer todeserving students. Write or visit the col-

lege or university that you'd like to attendto find out what financial help is availableto you.

To find out more about the financial pro-grams available to you, talk to your schoolcounselor or principal and the counselor in

your local State Employment Service office.

//.

Perhaps, on the other hand, you are inter-ested in training not of the kind offered intechnical schools and in colleges or univer-sities. If so, there are many out-of-schooltraining opportunities open to you. Theseopportunities are available to all young peo-ple from 16 through 21 years of age. Itmakes no difference whether you're a highschool graduate or a dropout. You're stilleligible to enroll in one of the many trainingptograms now going on. In the past fewyears, hundreds of thousands of young menand women like you have gotten good jobsbecause they took advantage of the training-,programs provided by the Federal Govern-ment. There are five major kinds of suchprograms from which you can choose:1. Apprenticeship2. On-the-job training3. Institutional training4. Preapprenticeship5. Work training

All these programs were set up especiallyfor you, the young jobseeker. Start thinkingabout them, choose the one that suits you,and then contact the person or organizationthat can help you get it.

APPRENTICESHIP PROGRAM

An apprenticeship program is made up ofon-the-job training and related classroominstructions. A young person aild his em-ployer enter into a formal apprtniiceshipagreement that tells how long the appren-ticeship will last, what the apprentice willlearn, how much money he will earn, andother things that are required by law. Anapprentice learns his job under the super-vision and guidance of a journeyman workerin the same occupation. He learns very

early in his apprenticeship how to use, carefor, and safely handle the tools and equip-ment that he is to work with. After learningabout them, he progresses step by step toharder tasks until he can do the whole jobby himself. His training period may lastfrom 2 to 5 years or more, depending on theparticular trade or skilled occupation he islearning. Many young people like this kindof job-training program because they receivegood pay, have steady employment, and feela sense of doing something worthwhile.

To find out about apprenticeable occupa-tions, especially one that interests you, read"Finding the Job" section in the Occupa-,tional Brief entitled "ApprenticeshipGen-eral Comments" on page' 20. Then get intouch with the people and organizationsmentioned there and ask about opportuni-ties for an apprenticeship.

ON-THE-JOB TRAINING PROGRAM

On-the-job training is the kind that is givenat the employer's place of business. It is theoldest way of learning to do work. Beginningworkers in this kind of training learn byactually doing the work under the supervi-sion and guidance of an experienced worker,a foreman, or a special instructor. At firstthe trainees do simple tasks. After they areable to do these tasks with no trouble, theythen take on harder ones until they becomegood at doing the whole job. Many youngpeople like on-the-job training because theysee immediate results of their efforts, andbecause they like earning their wages whilelearning a useful skill.

Young jobseekers who want to learn askill through on-the-job training may receive,in addition to job training, individual coun-

25

42,

seling, instruction in basic educational

courses, such as mathematics and reading,and other supplementary instruction as anintegral part of the on-the-job training, thatwill help them to become suitably trained

for a job. This combined training is some-

times called a "coupled project." While intraining they also may get allowances and

may even work up to 20 hours on a part-timejob. The training periods range from 4 to104 weeks, depending on the skill being

learned.If this kind of training program interests

you, visit your local State Employment Serv-ice office and ask for information. When youvisit this office, you very likely will be told

to go to a Youth Opportunity Center (YOC).

This center was set up especially for you,to help young jobseekers like yourself. Theemployment personnel in this center carryout the training programs and services avail-able to you. However, not every local StateEmployment Service office has a YOC.Nevertheless, you will receive the same kindof help from personnel in a youth-serviceunit in the local State Employment Serviceoffice that does not have a YOC.

INSTITUTIONAL TRAINING PROGRAMInstitutional training is given in either aprivate or a public school, in a Skill Training

Center, or at a Job Corps center. It makes

no difference which institutional trainingyoung people select. Besides job training,they all may receive counseling, instructionin basic educational courses, such as mathe-

matics and reading, and several other serv-ices that will further their work skills and

learning.Young people enrolled in a vocational

school or a Skill Training Center usually live

2 6'

at home and attend training sessions duringthe day. They also may get allowances whilein training and may even work up to 20hours on a part-time job. Those in a JobCorps center, however, live at the centerduring their entire training period. In addi-tion to free room and board, clothing, andother necessaries, they also get an allow-ance. The training periods at any of theseinstitutions may last as long as 2 years.Most, however, are much less than 2 years.

If institutional training aPpeals to you,contact the Youth Opportunity Center in your

local State Employment Service office.

PREAPPRENTICESHIP PROGRAM

Preapprenticeship, as the name implies, pre-pares young persons for formal apprentice-ship programs. It is a new kind of job-trainingprogram that has been set up especially tohelp young people who lack the necessaryeducation to qualify for apprenticeship. This

kind of training, like that of apprenticeship,leads to highly skilled work with very good

pay. It usually consists of on-the-job train-

ing and related classroom instructions for

a fixed period. After completing their train-ing periods, preapprenticeship graduatesmove into formal apprenticeship programs.Many young men and women like this kindof training for the same reasons that others

like apprenticeships.If you want to become a journeyman in a

craft or skilled trade, but do not meet thehigh standards and qualifications required

to become an apprentice, take advantage of

the preapprenticeship programs. Informa-

tion on the numbers and kinds of such pro-

grams is available at the YOC in your localState Employment Service office.

/3.

Sic educationalics and reading,Istruction as anob training, thatsuitably trainedraining is some-oject." Whiie inallowances and

rs on a part-timerange from 4 tothe skill being

rogram interestsmployment Serv-ation. When youkely will be toldty Center (Y0C).pecially for you,ke yourself. The:his center carry'id services avail-every local State:e has a YOC.ve the same kind

a youth-service)loyment ServiceYOC.

; PROGRAMiven in either an a Skill Trainingcenter. It makestutional training;des job training,

ing, instructions, such as mathe-,weral other serv-, work skills and

in a vocationalenter usually live

at home and attend training sessions duringthe day. They also may get allowances whilein training and may even work up to 20hours on a part-time job. Those in a JobCorps center, however, live at the centerduring their entire training period. In addi-tion to free room and board, clothing, andother necessaries, they also get an allow-ance. The training periods at any of theseinstitutions may last as long as 2 years.Most, however, are much less than 2 years.

If institutional training appeals to you,contact the Youth Opportunity Center in yourlocal State Employment Service office.

PREAPPRENTICESHIP PROGRAM

Preapprenticeship, as the name implies, pre-pares young persons for formal apprentice-ship programs. It is a new kind of job-trainingprogram that has been set up especially tohelp young people who lack the necessaryeducation to qualify for apprenticeship. Thiskind of training, like that of apprenticeship,leads to highly skilled work with very good

pay. It usually consists of on-the-job train-ing and related classroom instructions for

a fixed period. After completing their train-ing periods, preapprenticeship graduatesmove into formal apprenticeship programs.Many young men and women like this kind

of training for the same reasons that others

like apprenticeships.If you want to become a journeyman in a

craft or skilled trade, but do not meet the

high standards and qualifications required

to become an apprentice, take advantage ofthe preapprenticeship programs. Informa-

tion on the numbers and kinds of such pro-grams is available at the YOC in your localState Employment Service office.

/3 .

WORK-TRAINING PROGRAM

Work-training programs help out-of-schoolyoung people, whether dropouts or highschool graduates, to earn money and getsome work experience. Several communityorganizations are busy carrying on suchwork-training programs. One such organiza-tion is called the Neighborhood Youth Corps(NYC). The NYC deals with young peoplefrom 16 through 21 years of age, especiallythose who need training the most. For thosewho have dropped out of school, it providesthe chance to earn money and to learn askill by working on useful community proj-ects. The workweek is limited to 32 hours,and, in most cases, employment is for nomore then 6 months. The work experiencegained as a result of this program servesas training for full-time employment in ajob related to the work experience.

If you're out of school, out of work, anddon't intend going back to school, or couldgo back if you could make some money,visit the YOC in your nearest State Employ-ment Service office and tell one of the per-sons there about your. problems. You'll findhelp there.

TRAINING PROGRAMS BY PRIVATEEMPLOYERS

Private employers have by far the greatestnumber of training opportunities for youngpeople. They offer all five of the majortraining programs previously mentioned, andothers besides. In addition to job trainingand work training, they also give counselingand instruction in remedial reading andarithmetic to young jobseekers who needthem. Many private employers from localbusiness and industrial firms work with high

school teachers and principals, local StateEmployment Service personnel, and localcommunity leaders to obtain the names ofhigh school dropouts and would-be dropoutsto recruit them ihto on-the-job training pro-grams or to offer them part-time work whilethey are in school. In some cases, theseemployers give the part-time work to stu-dents to prepare them for full-time employ-ment with their company after high schoolgraduation. In other cases, employers pro-vide part-time work so that students canearn enough money to stay in school.

Although many private employers take thefirst step in looking for young people whohave dropped out of school or are about todrop out, you should not wait until some-one comes to you with a job offer if you area dropout or a would-be dropout. Instead,contact your local State Employment Serviceoffice, ask your high school teacher or coun-selor, and read the ads in your daily news-papers to find out if private employers inyour community have such programs goingon.

28

pals, local State3nnel, and localin the names ofould-be dropouts-job training pro--time work whileme cases, theseme work to stu-ull-time employ-fter high school

, employers pro-at students canin school.

iployers take theung people whoor are about to

gait until some-3 offer if you are-opout. Instead,)loyment Serviceteacher or coun-tour daily news-te employers inprograms going

Part-Timeand Temporary

Employment

br

Many students work from time to time whilethey are still in school, either after schoolhours or during vacations. By working part-time or during the summer, students gainwork experience that may be very usefulin obtaining a full-time job after their grad-uation. For some students, such work is anexperiment for them. They find out whatkind of work they like and don't like. In ad-dition, many of them use the money earnedfrom a part-time or temporary job to helpmeet the expenses of going to school. Forothers, such work is the source of extraspending money.

In many parts of the country, the StateEmployment Service works with localschools, businesses, and industries to set upprograms that combine on-the-job trainingand continued education for students. Theseprograms usually run throughout the schoolyear and may offer the opportunity to earncredits towards high school graduation. Theyalso may include training courses at theemployer's establishment or at the school.

If you have had some part-time or tempo-rary work, think about what you have learnedand how you may use it toward choosing andgetting a full-time job. If you are interestedin on-the-job training that relates to youreducational or vocational goal, see yourhigh school counselor, teacher, or principalfor more information. Also visit your localState Emplàyment Service office and askfor more information.

Job Outlook Before you make a final decision on the jobyou want, you must be sure that it has agood future. Making sure that your job willbe around for a while is a very importantconsideration for you. The purpose of workis to satisfy human wants and needstosupply people with food, clothing, houses,

automobiles, medical and dental care, edu-cation, recreation, and many other productsand services. As the population becomeslarger and larger, the need to find better andfaster ways of making and doing things alsobecomes greater and greater. And, as aresult of human effort, new machines, tools,and instruments, new uses of raw materials,and new processes of carrying out workcome into use and change existing occupa-tions and industries in many different ways.Some occupations increase in number.Other occupations decrease in number.Some even disappear from the work scene.Industries, too, grow, decline, and die. Withsome knowledge of the changes that occurin industries and occupations, you'll be ina better position to choose a job with abright future.

JOB OPEN/PIGS

However, to understand how these variousindustrial and occupational changes relate

to your job choice, you'll need to know how

job openings arise. Job openings becomeavailable when workers have to be replacedbecause of death, retirement, or they leavefor other reasons, and when additional work-

ers have to be hired because the amount ofwork to be done increases. If the latter caseis true of your job, you can expect it to be

around for a while because the occupation

is growing.

EXPECTED EMPLOYMENT CHANGES ININDUSTRY GROUPS

Well, what does the future look like at thistime? The number of young people between16 and 22 years of age either working orlooking for work in 1975 will be about 15million. This is almost twice the number(over 9 million) of young people who wereworking or looking for work in 1965. Wherewill all these young jobseekers find work?An answer to these questions may be foundby looking at some of the employmentchanges that are in prospect for industriesduring the next 8 or 10 years.

The number of workers in on-farm agri-

cultural production, for instance, is ex-

pected V) decrease rapidly. At the sametime, there will continue to be an increasein off-farm agrir Itural occupation oppor-tunities. Many sc.' persons in rural areasfor whom the fu: toes not look good forentrance into farmWork will find worthwhileemployment in agricultural supplies manu-facturing and distribution, in agriculturalproducts processing and marketing, and inperforming services related to agriculturalresources.

In Mining the employment of workers is

not expected to grow at all. But employment

will vary for individual industries within this

group. The prospects for young jobseekers

are somewhat brighter in Mining than forfarmworkers in Agriculture, but still not verypromising. What is expected in Mining isalso looked for in Transportation'and Public

Utilities. Here, too, no change in the num-ber of workers is foreseen. However, em-pioyment will vary among the individual in-dustries. This group, as in Agriculture and

Mining, holds limited promise for young job-seekers.

In contrast to those industries mentionedabove, employment in Manufacturing indus-tries as a group is predicted to increase con-siderably. Although employment wiH showdifferences among the individual industries,the outlook here is favorable for young job-se e kers.

Employment is also expected to rise inWholesale and Retail Trade. Another grow-ing industry in which employment is ex-pected to be very high is Construction. Forthis reason, the future looks good for thoseyoung persons who want jobs in these fields.

Still another industrial group that hasbeen showing considerable growth and isexpected to continue growing is Services.Examples of industries within this group arelaundries, hotels and restaurants, businessservices, hospital and medical services, anddomestic services. Employment prospectsare good for young people seeking jobs ofa service nature. Employment also is grow-ing in Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate.This industry group, too, offers many jobopportunities to young jobseekers.

Lastly, the number of workers in Govern-ment employment is also forecast to in-crease rapidly, but the employment growthwill vary among the three different kinds ofgovernment. State and local governmentswill be the major sources of jobs for personswho want to go into government work. TheFederal Government is not expected tochange its employment needs very much.Such a forecast makes job opportunities inState and local governments very promisingfor young jobseekers.

31

EXPECTED EMPLOYMENT CHAPOCCUPATIONAL GROUPS

The expected changes in indutell where workers probably wilbut they do not tell what kindsbe available for jobseekers.

Jobseekers will find the greatof opportunities in professionalcal occupations. These will incrapidly than any other kind. Sparticular occupations on the uengineers, mathematicians, teaccians, nurses, scientific andtechnicians, and medical technttechnicians. Job openings in chpations are increasing just abouthose in professional and techniltions. These include typists,stenographers, office-machineoffice clerks, and many others thin business. Occupations suctpersons, salesmen, salesclerks,men will also be available in gre2

Job opportunities in work hawith providing services to othersplentiful. The occupations withiof work have increased considerpast few years and will continuea very rapid rate. Examples of sutions are dayworkers, housekeimaids; waitresses, waiters, chefs,barbers and beauty operators; ttendants and practical nursesworkers; and firemen and policer

More workers will be neededtions that involve highly skilledgroup ineudes machinists; tmakers; drill-press operators; la

tors; mechanics and repairmenvehicles, aircrafts, industrial mac

5e for young job-

tries mentionedfacturing i ndus-to increase con-ment will showdual industries,3 for young job-

cted to rise inAnother grow-

loyment is ex-nstruction. Forgood for thosein these fields.

group that hasgrowth and is

ng is Services.this group are

ants, businessI services, and

nent prospectseeking jobs oft also is grow-

id Real Estate.lers many job§kers.

ers in Govern-orecast to in-oyment growtherent kinds of

I governmentsrs for personsnt work. Theexpecied to

Js very much.pportunities invery promising

EXPECTED EMPLOYMENT CHANGES INOCCUPATIONAL GROUPS

The expected changes in industry groupstell where workers probably will find jobs,but they do not tell what kinds of jobs willbe available for jobseekers.

Jobseekers will find the greatest numberof opportunities in professional and techni-cal occupations. These will increase morerapidly than any other kind. Some of theparticular occupations on the upswing areengineers, mathematicians, teachers, physi-cians, nurses, scientific and engineeringtechnicians, and medical technologists andtechnicians. Job openings in clerical occu-pations are increasing just about as fast asthose in professional and technical occupa-tions. These include typists, secretaries,stenographers, office-machine operators,office clerks, and many others that are foundin business. Occupations such as sales-persons, salesmen, salesclerks, and route-men will also be available in great numbers.

Job opportunities in work having to dowith providing services to others will also beplentiful. The occupations within this kindof work have increased considerably in thepast few years and will continue to grow ata very rapid rate. Examples of such occupa-tions are dayworkers, housekeepers, andmaids; waitresses, waiters, chefs, and cooks;barbers and beauty operators; hospital at-tendants and practical nurses; laundryworkers; and firemen and policemen.

More workers will be needed in occupa-tions that involve highly skilled work. Thisgroup includes machinists; tool-and-diemakers; drill-press operators; lathe opera-tors; mechanics and repairmen of motorvehicles, aircrafts, industrial machinery and

/

equipment, and business machines; type-setters; dental-laboratory technicians; radio-and-television repairmen; electronics me-chanics; welders; electricians; painters;brick and stone masons; plumbers; roofers;and many others.

Although occupations that involve semi-skilled work also will offer many opportuni-ties, they are not increasing as fast as theydid in the past. This kind of work covers awide range of occupations found in manydifferent kinds of industries. Examples areassemblers of parts and products in fac-tories; bus, truck, and cabdrivers; machineoperators and machine tenders; buffers,polishers, and grinders of parts and productsin factories; and many others.

Fewer opportunities will be available forjobseekers in on-farm occupations, and jobsas laborers other than those on farms alsowill be very limited. The number of workersin both kinds of work is decreasing as thework requires higher skills. Examples ofon-farm occupations on the decrease arefarmhand, farm foreman, farmer, and farmmanager. These jobs are becoming morecompetitive with those in comparable in-dustries.

32

Getting the JobYou Want

^1

When you have made your occupationalchoice and are ready to look for a job, youmust contact all possible places of employ-ment and all persons who can help you geta job. It's all up to you at this point. Be-

cause other young people also will be

searching for employment, the more placesyou go and the more people you see, thebetter your chances will be of getting a job.Moreover, you must be prepared for jobinterviews with prospective employers. Yoursuccess or failure in getting the job dependsa great deal on the impression you givewhen talking to future employers.

JOB SOURCES

As a start, register at the local office of yourState Employment Service. This office hasorders for workers from many employers andfor many different kinds of jobs. It Can alsocontact employers to find a suitable job foryou if there is none available at the timeyou register.

Talk to friends, relatives, and neighbors.They may know about job openings. It willbe especially good to talk with people whodo the kind of work in which you're inter-ested. Most people like to talk about thework they do, and they may have first-handinformation on openings.

Read and answer the "want ads" in news-papers and trade journals. Go to the ap-propriate local union if hiring in the occupa-tion you have chosen is generally donethrough a union. In addition, contact, eitherin person or by letter, companies employingworkers in your field. The names of suchcompanies are in the classified telephonedirectory or in local and State industrialdirectories. Inquire at the job placement

office at your school if it has one and otherplaces, such as the "Y."

If you want to become an apprentice,consult the local State Employment Serviceoffice and ask about training opportunitiesfor skilled trades. Contact officials in indus-tries, labor unions, trade associations, Ap-prenticeship Information Centers (if one isin your town), and members of local jointapprenticeship committees, Bureau of Ap-prenticeship and Training, U.S. Departmentof Labor, or State Apprenticeship agencyabout apprenticeship opportunities in yourarea.

To get most Federal, State, or local gov-ernment jobs, you will have to apply for andtake a civil service examination. Go to yourpost office or local civil service office andfill out an appliceon. You will be notifiedwhen to take the test, after which you willbe notified about your score.

THE INTERVIEW

Since the job interview with a future em-ployer is very important, you must be pre-pared for it. Organize your thoughts andinformation beforehand. Learn as much asyou can about the firm where you are apply-ing for a job and know something about itsproducts or its services. Be able to say whyyou want to work for THAT company. Takealong papers such as your social securitycard, health certificate, union membershipcard, proof of age, any licenses that may berequired, and your military records. Haveyour school and work records handy andknow the names and addresses.of your pastemployers as well as the exact dates thatyou worked for them. For some jobs, suchas those in artwork and writing, it is always

k

helpful and may be necessary to bring alongsamples of your work, an outline of yourtraining, and copies of any recommenda-tions you have.

When you go for an interview, arrive ontime and let the receptionist know who youare and whom you wish to see. Be sure thatyour clothes are clean and neat and thatyou are well groomed. But don't "over-dress." Don't be surprised if you're askedto be interviewed by more than one personor to take tests of your abilities. Don't bringalong friends or relatives; you are the onethat the interviewer is interested in.

During the interview let the intervieweror employer take the lead in talking. Answerhis questions in a pleasant but brief andbusinesslike way, and don't be afraid to askhim about the job and the company, becauseyour questions show that you are both in-terested in and serious about the job.Finally, express your appreciation at theclose of the interview.

Occui

bring along Occupationalne of your. . Briefsommenda-

, arrive onw who youe sure thatt and thaton't "over-)u're askedone person'Don't bringre the onein.

nterviewerg. Answerbrief and

raid to asky, becausee both in-the job.

4:In at the

To get an idea of what you should knowabout a particular job that interests you, youshould study a few of the 82 OccupationalBriefs that begin on page 22. These Occu-pational Briefs contain information on 150jobs. Each brief consists of six sectionsFollowing the job titles of each brief, thefirst section is a description of the usualduties that the fully qualified worker per-forms. Since the apprentice is not a fullyqualified worker, his beginning dutiesare given in general in the OccupationalBrief entitled "ApprenticeGeneral Com-ments." He learns all the tasks of thejourneyman worker.

The second section states some of theimportant characteristics of the jobs youshould know about. The details includesome of the environmental conditions inwhich the work is carried out, and some ofthe special features of the jobs, such asavailability of overtime, seasonality of thework, kind of work schedule, and the pro-vision of tools or work uniforms.

The third section deals with the require-ments and qualifications employers expectyou to have. This section is made up of thefollowing items: (1) amount and kind oftraining required; (2) degree of educationrequired; (3) names of school courses usefulin getting and doing the jobs; (4) age limits,when considered a true qualification; (5)tests or examinations given; (6) licenses orcertificates required; and (7) physical, per-sonal, or social qualities necessary or desir-able.

The last three sections of the briefsgive information on employment pros-pects, advancement opportunities, and hoveto find the jobs. The first of these sections

n. 3 5

relates to the expected job openings ofthe particular jobs and the reason3 forthese expected job openings. The secondsection contains names of jobs thathave promotional possibilities, and alsomentions other ways of advancement. Thelast section gives names of,places to go andpeople to see to find the jobs, includingnames of officials and organizations whichwill supply you with more information.

Most of the jobs mentioned in the briefsare available to the young jobseeker with ahigh school education. Some are availableto young people with less than a full -highschool education. Others require some edu-cation beyond high school in a vocational ortechnical institute, or several years of train-ing besides a high school education. Ex-

amples of the latter kinds of jobs aremedical-laboratory assistant, diesel me-chanic, carpenter, plumber, and dental lab-oratory technician. Journeyman or highlyskilled jobs require extensive training inaddition to a high school education. Thesejobs, therefore, are not immediately avail-able to young people. Jobs as apprenticesand helpers related to these journeyman orskilled jobs are good starting points.

Jobs that have the journeyman-apprenticerelationships and which also have helpers toskilled workers are treated in the same Oc-cupational Brief to conveniently present toyou this related information.

The word "trainee" does not appear aspart of any job title in the OccupationalBriefs, although every job requires training.The training period may range from a day ortwo to several years. As a beginning worker,therefore, you may be called a trainee. Thisname, however, most often would not be

part of your job title. On the other hand,some employers put "want ads" in the dailynewspapers for trainees instead of appren-tices. Examples of such jobs are automobile-mechan ic trainee and office-machine trainee.Since this is a practice of some employers,you should keep it in mind when readingabout apprentice jobs in the OccupationalBriefs. If you cannot get an apprenticeship,you may still be able to enter into such workas a trainee.

36

ApprenticeGeneral Comments

USUAL DUTIES

An apprentice is a worker who learns, ac-cording to a formal apprenticeship agree-ment, a recognized skilled trade requiring2 or more years of on-the-job work experi-ence and related instruction. He learnsvery early in his apprenticeship how to use,care for, and safely handle the tools andequipment that he is to use in his work.Then he learns the tasks of the journeymanin a step-by-step manner. The apprentice-ship agreement usually includes the lengthof time of the apprenticeship, the amountand scale of the apprentice's wages, thework processes to be learned, and theamount of classroom instruction to be given.

The word "apprentice" is often used toname workers for whom the word "helper"or "learner" would be more correct. Unlessthere is a formal contract, the employer isnot legally required to fulfill his part of thetraining program, and the worker has noguarantee he will receive adequate appren-ticeship training.

An apprentice is called by the job title ofthe journeyman from whom he learns atrade or occupation, such as electrician ap-prentice, carpenter apprentice, barber ap-prentice, machinist apprentice, or cosme-tologist apprentice.

CHARACTERISTICS OF JOB

Apprentices learn and earn at the same time.Their wages during their learning period arevery good. And, as journeymen, they areamong the best paid workers. Trades andoccupations that require completion of anapprenticeship are usually unionized. Ap-prentices are often rotated among variousphases of a trade during their trainingAeziod

20. 37

in order to give them as much experience ofthe whole trade as is possible within thistime.

Some employers furnish tools for the ap-prentices and, after completion of theirtraining, give the tools to them. Other em-ployers require the apprentices to acquiretheir own tools during their training. In thislatter case some employers lend the neces-sary money to the apprentices for the pur-chase of the tools.

QUALIFICATIONS

Apprenticeship programs vary from 2 to 5years or more, depending on the particulartrade or occupation. Apprentices must suc-cessfully complete a specified amount ofclassroom instruction and a definite amountof on-the-job training to become journey-men.

Generally, applicants for apprenticeshipsin the skilled trades and occupations musthave a high school education or its equiva-lent. Even in cases where a high school edu-cation is not required, the applicants havingit are given preference over others who don'thave it. Courses in mathematics, physics,English, chemistry, drafting, mechanicaldrawing, blueprint reading, machine shop,and woodworking shop will be very usefulto apprentices, depending on the work.

Where age is a recognized requirement,applicants for apprenticeships must usuallybe between the ages of 16 and 27, and theupper age limit is extended to 30. Thisextension especially applies to veterans.

Applicants for apprenticeships may berequired to take tests to determine theiraptitude for the trade.

Apprentices, generally, must be in good

physical condition, agile, and able to workrapidly and accurately with their hands andfingers when using handtools and precision-measuring instruments. They usually musthave good eyesight to carry out their duties.

EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS

There are over 350 apprenticeable occupa-tions in the various trades. However, oppor-tunities for apprentices are limited in mostfields, varying among the trades and thecommunities. Usually there are many moreapplicants than there are openrrigs. Jobsare almost entirely for men.

At the end of 1964, there were over 170,-000 registered apprentices. A registeredprogram is one that has met the standardsof, and has been approved by, either a Stateapprenticeship agency or the Bureau of Ap-prenticeship and Training of the U.S. De-partment of Labor. There were also aconsiderable number of apprentices in pro-grams that were not registered. It is esti-mated that about 50,0r,3 jobs become avail-able each year ut der the registeredapprentice program. In addition, many op-portunities are available for applicants innonregistered programs.

ADVANCEMENT OPPORTUNITIES

An apprentice advances to a journeymanupon successful completion of his trainingperiod. During his training, advancement isin the form of higher wages. He receives anincrease in wages periodically, usually every6 months.

After he has become an experiencedjourneyman, he may then advance to a fore-man or some other supervisory position. Hemay even advance to a managerial position.

38

He also may go into business for himself byopening his own trade shop or a contractingfirm.

FINDING THE JOB

Apply directly to employers or contractorsin the trade or occupations in which you areinterested. Contact members of your localjoint apprenticeship committees. Visit yourlocal State Employment Service office andask about apprenticeship programs andabout preapprenticeship training offeredunder the Manpower Development and Train-ing Act. Ask your high school counselor orvocational teachers for information. Contactlocal union officials, your State Department

4/.

of EdiagencynearesprenticministrVisit yofficeRead ti

SeeApprepublicful infticeshthe inwith a

works and:ision-

mustuties.

cupa-ppor-most

d themoreJobs

170,-stereddardsState

of Ap-. De-

lsoin pro-Is esti-

avail-Isterediny op-ints in

eymanrainingnent isives any every

ienceda fore-3n. He3sition.

He also may go into business for himself by

opening his own trade shop or a contractingfirm.

FINDING THE JOB

Apply directly to employers or contractorsin the trade or occupations in which you areinterested. Contact members of your localjoint apprenticeship committees. Visit yourlocal State Employment Service office andask about apprenticeship programs andabout preapprenticeship training offeredunder the Manpower Development and Train-ing Act. Ask your high school counselor orvocational teachers for information. Contactlocal union officials, your State Department

4/.

of Education, and your State apprenticeagency for information. Visit or write to the

nearest regional office of the Bureau of Ap-prenticeship and Training, Manpower Ad-ministration, U.S. Department of Labor.Visit your local Civil Service Commissionoffice or post office and ask for information.Read the ads in your daily newspapers.

See the section ori "Appienticeship andApprentices" on page 189 for the names of

publications that contain additional and use-ful information on apprentices and appren-ticeships. See "Finding the Job" section in

the individual Occupational Brief that deals

with a particular apprenticeable job.

33

PROFESSIONAL,TECHNICAL,AND MANAGERIALOCCUPATIONS

dental assistant

40

Usu

ThevariWhegreeandtreato itreadwhil

In ssoluandproc

Shemakhanpatistate

Usual DutiesThe Dental Assistant performs avariety of duties in a dentist's office.When patients visit the dentist, shegreets them, makes them comfortable,and prepares them for examination,treatment, or surgery. She also seesto it that instruments are sterilized andready for use, and helps the dentistwhile the patient is in the dental chair.

In some offices she preparessolutions, mixes fillings and cement,and aids the dentist in taking andprocessing X-rays.

She also answers the telephone,makes appointments, orders supplies,handles business transactions, keepspatients' records, sends out monthlystatements, and maintain tax records.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40hour workweek.Work schedule may include eveningsand Saturday work at dental clinicsand hospitals. Work is performedindoors in pleasant surroundings.Some employers require you tofurnish your own work uniforms.

QualificationsTo become a Dental Assistant, youmust complete either an onthe-jobtraining program that lasts from 1 to 2years or a 1-year training program indental assisting offered at some dentalschools and community colleges. Toqualify for on-the-job training, youmust have at least a high schooleducation. Courses in general science,chemistry, biology, typing, and book-keeping will be very useful to you.You must be physically able to standand walk for long periods of time andto work rapidly and accurately withyour hands and fingers when typing,assisting in laboratory and X-ray work,handling and sterilizing instruments,preparing solutions, and mixing fillingsand cement. You must have goodeyesight to keep accurate accountsof appointments and records oftreatments.You must have a pleasant dispositionand be tactful, neat, alert, and havea good memory for names to get alongwell with the patients.

Employment Prospects

There will be many thousands ofjob openings for Dental Assistantsduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers who willretire or leave their jobs for otherreasons, and because of the demand formore Dental Assistants to meet thedental needs resulting from theexpected increase in population. Asa result, your chances of getting a jobare very good.Jobs are found In nearly allcommunities and in many establish-ments. Good chances for findingemployment will be at hospitals anddental clinics In large cities.Training for this kind of work maybe available through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

,

Advancement Opportunities

As an experienced Dentalyou may advance to a jobsupervisor in large offices,and clinics. When workirindividual dentists, advancthe form of salary increase

mployment Prospects

here will be many thousands ofb openings for Dental Assistantsuring the next 10 years. These jobpenings will come about because ofhe need to replace workers who willetire or leave their jobs for othereasons, and because of the demand forore Dental Assistants to meet the

ental needs resulting from thexpected increase in population. Asresult, your chances of getting a job

re very good.obs are found in nearly allommunities and in many establish-ents. Good chances for finding

mployment will be at hospitals andental clinics in large cities.raining for this kind of work maye available through your local Statemployment Service office under theanpower Development and Trainingct.

Advancement Opportunities

As an experienced Dental Assistant,you may advrnce to a job of officesupervisor in large offices, hospitals,and clinics. When working forindividual dentists, advancement is inthe form of salary increases.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employmentor personnel office of any local hospital,health agency, dental clinic, and atthe office of any dentist. Register atyour local State Employment Serviceoffice. Ask your high school counselorfor information. Read the ads.in yourdaily newspapers. Visit the local officeof the Civil Service Commission oryour local post office and ask forinformation.For more information on this kindof work, write to:American Dental Assistants' Association410 First National Bank BuildingLa Porte, Ind. 46350

PROFESSIONAL,TECHNICAL,AND MANAGERIALOCCUPATIONS

licensed practical nurse

Los

Usual DutiesThe Licensedin carhig forpatients, conpeople, andor mentallyof physiciansshe providesrequires techthe professionurse. Her maccording toIn hospita Is,of a nursing tthe routinewho are notsuch tasks atemperaturechanging dredermic injecpatients are ihelps the regfor and reportin patients reof anesthesiaWhen workingand in clinictasks similarpatients in aclerical workments and kepatients.When employeshe providesby the patienpersonal care,serving the pahis room clea

ie.

Usual DutiesThe Licensed Practical Nurse assistsin caring for medical and surgicalpatients, convalescents, handicappedpeople, and others who are physicallyor mentally ill. Under the directionof physicians and professional nurses,she provides nursing care whichrequires technical knowledge but notthe professional training of a registerednurse. Her many duties usually differaccording to where she works.In hospitals, she works as a memberof a nursing team, providing much ofthe routine bedside care of patientswho are not critically ill by performingsuch tasks as taking and recordingtemperature and blood pressures,changing dressings, and giving hypo-dermic injections. When surgicalpatients are in the recovery room, shehelps the registered nurse by watchingfor and reporting any adverse changesin patients recovering from the effectsof anesthesia.When working in physicans' officesand in clinics, she performs routinetasks similar to those provided topatients in a hospital and may doclerical work such as making appoint-ments and keeping records aboutpatients.

When employed in private homes,she provides nursing care as orderedby the patient's physican and providespersonal care, such as preparing andserving the patient's meals and keepinghis room clean and neat.

45

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hour work-week. Work schedule may includeevenings, nights, holidays, and week-ends. Work is performed indoors inpleasant surroundings.If work is in private homes, emplcyerusually requires you to furnish yourown work uniforms. Some hospitalsfurnish work uniforms.

QualificationsTo qualify for admission as abeginning worker for this job, youmust have a minimum of 2 years of highschool education or its equivalentplus completion of a 1-year State-controlled training course. Courses inbiology, home economics, and per-sonal hygiene will be very useful.The training course consists of class-room and clinical practice work. Uponcompletion of the course you mustpass an examination in order to getyour license. To apply for admissionto this training course, you must bebetween 17 and 50 years of age. Teststo determine your aptitude for thetrade and physical examinations areusually required.You must be physically able tostand and walk for long periods oftime.You must be friendly, patient, tactful,alert, dependable, and be able to getalong well with people.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 390,000 jobopenings for Licensed PracticalNurses during the next 10 years. Thesejob openings will come about becauseof the need to replace workers whowill retire or leave their jobs forother reasons and because of the needfor more Licensed Practical Nurses tomeet the needs of continued rapidexpansion of health facilities and theincreased importance placed upon theuse of Licensed Practical Nurses inhospital nursing teams. As a result,your chances of getting a job arevery good.Jobs are found in nearly allcommunities and in many establish-ments. Good chances for findingemployment will be at hospitals andnursing homes in medical centers inlarge cities.This kind of work is available toboth men and women.Training for this kind of work maybe available through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Licensed PractiNurse, you may advance to a jobspecialized area, such as rehabilitand to a supervisory job in a larghospital.

oyment Prospectsc rill be about 390,000 jobings for Licensed Practicales during the next 10 years. Thesepenings will come about becausee need to replace workers whoretire or leave their jobs for

reasons and because of the neednote Licensed Practical Nurses to

the needs of continued rapidnsion of health facilities arod theased importance placed upon thef Licensed Practical Nurses indal nursing teams. As a result,chances of getting a job arego3d.

are found in nearly allnunities and in many establish-s. Good chances for findingoyment will be at hospitals andng homes in medical centers incities.kind o; work is available tomen and women.

ling for this kind of work mayvailable through your local Statesoyment Service office under thevwer Development and Training

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Licensed PracticalNurse, you may advance to a job in aspecialized area, such as rehabilitation,and to a supervisory job in a largehospital.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employmentor personnel office of any local hospital,nursing home, medical clinic,industrial plant, any government healthagency, and at the office of anyphysican. Register at your localState Employment Service office. Askyour high school counselor or tradeschool instructor for information. Readthe ads in your daily newspapers.Visit the office of the local CivilService Commission or your local postoffice and, ask for information.For mote information on this kindof work, write to:National League for NursingCommittee on Careers10 Columbus CircleNew York, N.Y. 10019

National Association for Practical NurseEducation and Service, Inc.

535 Fifth AvenueNew York, N.Y. 10017

National Federation of LicensedPractical Nurses, Inc.

250 West 57th StreetNew York, N.Y. 10019

For information about employmentopportunities in the U.S. VeteransAdministration hospitals, write to:Department of Medicine and SurgeryVeterans AdministrationWashington, D.C. 20420

PROFESSIONAL,TECHNICALAND MANAGERIALOCCUPATIONS

medical assistant

Usual DutiesThe Madical Avariety of dutiea physican intreatment of pthe instrument'used try the ptiprepare the paand treatment.instruments arefor ute.Before the phyexamination anpatient, she psuch as takingpatient's pulse.pressure, and vexamination aniphysician, sheand materials,gives injections.him as directedIn some officessupplies 2nd kiinformed SO thwhatever is neeShe may also screceive paymentmedical records

Usual DutiesThe Medical Assistant performs avariety of duties under the direction ofa physican in the examination andtreatment of patients. She preparesthe instruments and equipment to beused by the physican and helpsprepare the patient for examinationand treatment. She sees to it thatinstruments are sterilized and readyfor use.Before the physican begins hisexamination and treatment of thepatient, she performs routine taskssuch as taking and recording thepatient's pulse, temperature, bloodpressure, and weight. During theexamination and treatment by thephysician, she hands him instrumentsand materials, applies medication,gives injections, and otherwise assistshim as directed.In some offices she takes inventory ofsupplies and keeps the physicianinformed so that he can orderwhatever is needed.She may also schedule appointments,receive payment for bills, and keepmedical records.

4

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 54ay, 40-hour work-week. Work schedule may includeevenings and weekend work at medicalclinics and hospitals. Work isperformed indoors in pleasantsurroundings.Some employers require you to furnishyour own work uniforms.

QualificationsTo become a Medical Assistant, youmust complete either from 1 to 2years of on-the-job training or a1- or 2-year training program in medicalassisting offered in some collegesand technical schools. To qualify foran on-the-job training program, youmust have at least a high schooleducation. Courses in general science,chemistry, biolou, medical terminol-ogy, office methods, and medicallaboratory procedures will be veryuseful to you.You must be physically able to standand walk for long periods of time.You must be able to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands andfingers when handing instruments andmaterials to the physician, handlingand sterilizing instruments, andwhen applying medication to thepatient. You must have good eyesightto take the patient's temperatureand blood pressure, to give injections,and keep medical records accurately.You must have a pleasant dispositionand be tactful, neat, alert, and havea good memory for names to get alongwell with the patients.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Medical Assistantsduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers who willretire or leave their jobs for otherreasons, and because of the demandfor more Medical Assistants to meetthe medical needs resulting from theexpected increase in population. Asa result, your chances of getting ajob are very good.Jobs are found in nearly allcommunities and in many establish-ments. Good chances for findingemployment will be at hospitals andmedical clinics in large cities.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Medical Assyou may advance to a job of o'supervisor in large offices, hosrand medical clinics. When worP.for an individual physician, a:.ment is in the form of salary incrc

loyment Prospectse will be many thousands of jobIns for Medical Assistantsg the next 10 years. These jobings will come about because ofneed to replace workers who wille or leave their jobs for other,ns, and because of the demandnote Medical Assistants to meetmedical needs resulting from thected increase in population. Asult, your chances of getting alre very good.

are found in nearly allmunities and in many establish-ts. Good chances for findingloyment will be at hospitals andical clinics in large cities.ing for this kind of work may be

iable through your local StateIoyment Service office under theDower Development and Training

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Medical Assistant,you may admice to a job of officesupervisor in large offices, hospitals,and medical clinics. When workingfor an individual physician, advance-ment is in the form of salary increases.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local healthagency, hospital, medical clinic, and atthe office of any physician. Registerat your local State EmploymentService office. Ask your high schoolcounselor for information. Read theads in your daily newspapers. Visitthe local office of the Civil ServiceCommission or your local post officeand ask for information.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:American Association of Medical

Assistants, Inc.510 North Dearborn Street, Suite 926Chicago, Ill. 60610

PROFESSIONAL,TECHNICAL,AND MANAGERIALOCCUPATIONS

medical-laboratoryassistant

5 2--

dot

UsualThe Nformslaboradiagncundermedicgist vlaborabloodparasiSomecollecand tstainiconcelogicfluidsmicroandcardiotests.

Usual DutiesThe Medical-Laboratory Assistant per-forms routine tests in a medicallaboratory for use in the treatment anddiagnosis of disease. He worksunder the direct supervision of amedical technologist and a patholo-gist when performing the simplerlaboratory procedures in bacteriology,blood banking, chemistry, hematology,parasitology, serology, and urinalysis.Some of the tasks he performs includecollecting blood specimens, groupingand typing blood, preparing andstaining slides for micro-organisms,concentrating specimens for parasito-logic study, analyzing blood and bodyfluids for chemical components,microscopic examination of urine, bloodand body fluids, and taking electro-cardiograms and basal metabolismtests.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hour work-week. Work schedule may includenights and weekends. Work isperformed indoors in pleasantsurroundings.Some employers require you to furnishyour own work uniforms.

QualificationsTo qualify for admission as a beginningworker for this job, you must havea high school education plus successfulcompletion of a specialized 1-yeartraining course accredited by theAmerican Society of Medical Tech-nologists. This college-level courseincludes at least 100 hours of class-room instruction and 40 to 44 hours aweek of laboratory training. Highschool courses in chemistry, science,and mathmatics will be very usefulto you. You may be required to taketests to determine your aptitude forthe work. You must submit a completetranscript of your courses and gradesand a physician's certificate of yourstate of health when applying for thetraining course.You must be physically able to workrapidly and accurately with your handsand fingers when using instrumentsand work aids when performinglaboratory tests. You must have goodeyesight to prepare vaccines, prepareand stain slides for micro-organisms,and concentrate specimens forparasitologic study by a physician.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 84,000 jobopenings for MedicaRaboratory Assist-ants during the next 10 years. Thesejob openings will come about becauseof the need to replace workers whowill retire or leave their jobs forother reasons, and because of the needfor more Medical-Laboratory Assistantsto meet the needs of rapidly expandinghospital and medical programs. As aresult, your chances of getting a jobare very good.Jobs are found in nearly allcommunities and in many establish-ments. Good chances for findingemployment will be at hospitals andindependent medical laboratories inmedical centers, which usually arelocated in large cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service offce under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

5 4

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Medical-laborat(Assistant, your advancement mayin the form of salary increases. Wittadditional formal training, advanc.ment opportunities are very limitedWith further specialized training I

courses accredited by the AmericSociety of Medical Technologistscompletion of 3 years of college,you may advance from a Medical-Laboratory Assistant to a professio,medical technologist, who 'pertthe more complicated and highlytechnical laboratory procedures.

Prospectsabout 84,000 job

Medical-Laboratory Assist-he next 10 years. Thesewill come about becauseo replace workers wholeave their jobs forand because of the need

ical-laboratory Assistantseeds of rapidly expandingmedical programs. As a

hances of getting a job

Ind in nearly alland in many establish--chances for finding

will be at hospitals andmedical laboratories iners, which usually arerge cities.work is available to bothen.his kind of work may beugh your local StateService office under the

evelopment and Training

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Medical-LaboratoryAssistant, your advancement may bein the form of salary increases. Withoutadditional formal training, advance-ment opport;rnities are very limited.With further specialized training incourses accredited by the AmericanSociety of Medical Technologists andcompletion of 3 years of college,you may advance from a Medical-Laboratory Assistant to a professionalmedical technologist, who 'performsthe more complicated and highlytechnical laboratory procedures.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local hospital,medical laboratory, medical researchorganization, public health agency,and contact any approved CertifiedLaboratory Assistants (CIA) school.Register at your local State EmploymentService office. Ask your high schoolcounselor for information. Read theads in your daily newspapers. Visitthe office of the local Civil ServiceCommission or your local post officeand ask for infonnation.For more information on this kind ofwork and for approved CLA schoolsin your area, write to:Secretary, Board of Certified Laboratory

Assistants9500 South California AvenueEvergreen Park, Ill. 60642

PROFESSIONALTECHNICAL,AND MANAGERIALOCCUPATIONS

x-ray technician

Usual DutiesThe X-Ray Techequipment to taa physician in dregulates speciaused for treatrncIn preparation fcfor diagnostic pipatient a chemiso that his intershaded and willpictures are takcthe patient betwcthe film and colthat are not to twith protectivecontrols of thethe proper voltsof exposure, andHe also developaccording to phcand submits thepretation by theHe gives X-ray tthe supervision oplacing the paticposition, he setX-ray equipmentroom arid treats dbody by exposingconcentration ofperiods of time.He prepares repcrecords of servicpatients.For information aopportunities inAdministration hcDepartment of /VVeterans AdminisWashington, D.C.

Usual DutiesThe X-Ray Technician operates X-rayequipment to take pictures used bya physician in diagnosing illnesses andregulates special X-ray equipmentused for treatment.In preparation for taking X-ray picturesfor diagnostic purposes, he gives thepatient a chemical mixture to drinkso that his internal organs becomeshaded and will be visible when thepictures are taken. Then, he positionstile patient between the X-ray tube andthe film and covers the body areasthat are not to be exposed to the rayswith protective plates. He setscontrols of the X-ray equipment tothe proper voltage, current, and timeof exposure, and takes the pictures.He also develops the X-ray filmaccording to photographic te:hniquesand submits the pictures for inter-pretation by the physician.He gives X-ray treatments only underthe supervision of a physician. Afterplacing the patient in the properposition, he sets controls on specialX-ray equipment from an adjoiningroom and treats diseased areas of thebody by exposing the areas to specifiedconcentration of X-rays for prescribedperiods of time.He prepares reports and maintainsrecords of services performed forpatients.For information about employmentopportunities in the U.S. VeteransAdministration hospitals, write to:Department of Medicine and SurgeryVeterans AdministrationWashington, D.C. 20420

Characteristics et JobWork is steady throughout the yearusually with a 5-day, 40-hour work-week. Work schedule may includeevenings, nights, holidays, andweekends. Worker may be required tobe on 24-hour call in case of emergency.Work is performed indoors in pleasantsurroundings.Work is considered as hazardous, butprecautionary safety devices such aslead aprons, rubber golves, and otherprotective shieldings are used forprotection against the possible hazardsof radiation exposure.Most employers furnish work unifoms.

QualificationsTo become an X-Ray Technician, youmust complete 2 years on-the-jobtraining under the direction of aradiologist. To qualify for admissionas a beginning worker for this job,you must have at least a high schooleducation. Courses in mathematics,physics, chemistry, biology, and typingwill be very useful to you. Youusually must be at least 18 years ofage.

You must be physically able to standfor long periods of time and to workrapidly and accurately with yourhands and fingers when turning knobs,adjusting controls, and flippingswitches to operate fluoroscopicequipment. You must have goodeyesight to adjust X-ray equipment tothe correct setting of the propervoltage, current, and exposure timefor each radiograph.You must be patient, tactful, andcourteous to get along well with thepatient.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 63,000 jobopenings for X-Ray Technicians duringthe next 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of the need

to replace workers Who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons,and because of the need for moreX-Ray Technicians to meet the needsof rapidly expanding hospital andmedical programs. As a result, yourchances of getting a job are very good.

Jobs are found in nearly allcommunities and in many establish-ments. Good chances for findingemployment will be at hospitals in

large cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may be

available through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and Training

Act.

Advancement OppAs an experiencedyou may advanceiX-ray technician ior medical laborz

an, youe-jobof admission

is job,igh schoolematics,nd typingYouyears of

ke to standto work

youring knobs,ing

scopice goodipment toproperure time

I, andI with the

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 63,000 jobopenings for X-Ray Technicians duringthe next 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of the needto replace workers Who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons,and because of the need for moreX-Ray Technicians to meet the needsof rapidly expanding hospital andmedical programs. As a result, yourchances of getting a job are very good.Jobs are found in nearly allcommunities arid in many establish-ments. Good chances for findingemployment will be at hospitals inlarge cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced X-Ray Technician,you may advance to a job as chiefX-ray technician in a large hospitalor medical laboratory.

3/.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local hospital,medical clinic, dental clinic, medicallaboratory, Federal or State healthagency, and to the office of anyphysician, or dentist. Registr,r at yourlocal State Eaployment Service office.Ask your high school counselor forinformation. Contact local medicalschools and hospitals for information.Read the ads in your daily newspapers.Visit the office of the local CivilService Commission or your localpost office and ask for information.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:The American Society of Radio logic

Technologists537 South Main StreetFond du Lac, Wis. 54935

The American Registry of Radio logicTechnologists

2600 Wayzata BoulevardMinneapolis, Minn. 55405

si"

CLERICALAND SALESOCCUPATIONS

bookkeeping clerk

za .

UsualThe Bcrecord:an estithe acsuch itpurchacalculathe dirhead LIin desiHe ma}by cornpayrollworker.In addclericalence,prepariicustom

ng clerk

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Usual DutiesThe Bookkeeping Clerk helps keep therecords of financial transactions ofan establishment. First, he verifiesthe accuracy of figures as shown onsuch items as sales 'slips, invoices, andpurchase orders by using adding orcalculating machines. Then, underthe direction of an experienced orhead bookkeeper, he posts these figuresin designated journals and ledgers.He may also help make up the payrollby computing wages or verifying thepayroll figures prepared by anotherworker.In addition, he may perform suchclerical duties as typing correspond-ence, filing bookkeeping records,preparing and mailing statements tocustomers, and making bank deposits.

;.,

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughuut the year,usually with a regular 5-day, 40-hourworkweek. Work is performed indoorsin pleasant surroundings.

Qual ificationsTo become a Bookkeeping Clerk, youmust complete about 6 months ofon-the-job training. To qualify as abeginning worker for this job, youusually must nave at least a highschool education. Courses in mathe-matics, typing, bookkeeping, and theoperation of business machines willbe very useful to you.You must be able to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands and fingerswhen posting daily financial trans-actions. You must have good eyesightand concentration to record book-keeping data in books.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands o jobopenings for Bookkeeping Clerksduring the next 10 years These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers who willretire or leave their jobs fcr otherreasons, and because cf the need formore Bookkeeping Clerks to handlethe rapidly increasing volume offinancial records in business. As aresult, your chances of getting a jotare very good.Jobs are found in all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment will beat wholesale and retail firms andgovernmental agencies in large cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

2

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Bookkeeping Clerk,you may advance to a supervisory job.With further training through businesscourses from correspondence schoolsor in colleges, you may advance to ajob as an accountant.

Find in

Applypersoor retor trafacturRegistmentschoolReadVisitServicofficeFor mwork,

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Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of :;obvenings for Bookkeeping ClerksJuring the next 10 years. These job)penings will come about because ofhe need to replace workers who willetire or leave their jobs for othereasons, and because of the need for,nore Bookkeeping Clerks to handlehe rapidly increasing volume ofinancial records in business. As aesult, your chances of getting a jobre very good.obs are found in all communities)nd in many establishments. Good;hances for finding employment will be

wholesale and retail firms andgovernmental agencies in large cities.This kind of work is available to both'nen and women.Training for this kind of work may bevailable through your local State

:mployment Service office under theVlanpower Development and Training4ct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Bookkeeping Clerk,you may advance to a supervisory job.With further training through businesscourses from correspondence schoolsor in colleges, you may advance to ajob as an accountant.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local wholesaleor retail firm, bank, utility, insurance,or transportation company, manu-facturing firm, or government agency.Register at your local State Employ-ment Service office. Ask your highschool counselor for information.Read the ads in your daily newspaper.Visit the local office of the CivilService Commission or your local postoffice and ask for information.For more infc.rmation on this kind ofwork, write to:Bureau of Educational Assistance

ProgramsDivision of Vocational and Technical

EducationU.S. Office of EducationWashington, D.C. 20202

The National Association and Councilof Business Schools

1518 K Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20005

CLERICALAND SALESOCCUPATIONS

bookkeeping-machineoperator

4Z'Fi001111110

Nimin=111

Usual DutiesThe Bookkeeping-keeps financial In.using an electricwith a keyboard.materials that heand puts the corrmachine. He theito record the ideand figures. WhE

a set of figures, ththe totals. Afterown work to makecorrect.He frequently prepermanent recordEi nvoices.He may also opemachines and h.duties.

ping-machine

4

Usual DutiesThe Bookkeeping-Machine Operatorkeeps financial business records,using an electric bookkeeping machinewith a keyboard. He sorts thematerials that he is to record or postand puts the correct form into themachine. He then presses the keysto record the identifying informationand figures. When he has completeda set of figures, the machine computesthe totals. After this, he checks hisown work to make sure that it iscorrect.He frequently prepares copies ofpermanent records, such as customers'invoices.He may also operate other officemachines and have other clericalduties.

a 3

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a regular 5-day, 35- or40-hour workweek. Work is performedindoors in pleasant surroundings.

r.

QualificationsTo become a Bookkeeping-MachineOperator, you must complete about 6months of on-the-job training. Toqualify as a beginning worker for thisjob, you must have at least a highschool education. Courses in businessmathematics, bookkeeping, typing, andthe operation of business machineswill be very useful to you.You must be able to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands and fingerswhen typing and using officemachines. You must have good eye-sight to feed numbers into thebookkeeping machine.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of job,openings for Bookkeeping-MachineOperators during the next 10 years.These job openings will come aboutbecause of the need to replace workerswho will retire or leave their jobsfor other reasons, and because of theneed for more Bookkeeping-MachineOperators to handle the rapidlyincreasing volume of financial recordsin business. As a result, your chancesof getting a job are very good.Jobs are found in nearly allcommunities and in many establish-ments. Good chances for employmentwill be at wholesale and retail firms,banks, utility, insurance, and trans-portation companies, and govern-mental agencies in large cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Bookkeeping-Machine Operator, you may advanceto a supervisory bookkeeping job.With further training in businesscourses, you may advance to such jobsas statistical clerk or bookkeeper.

Ifment Prospectswill be many thousands of jobgs for Bookkeeping-Machineors during the next 10 years.job openings will come aboute of the need to replace workersll retire or leave their jobser reasons, and because of theor more Bookkeeping-Machineors to handle the rapidlysing volume of financial recordsiness. As a result, your chancesing a job are very good.are found in nearly allunities and in many establish-

Good chances for employment .at wholesale and retail firms,utility, insurance, and trans-

on companies, and govern-agencies in large cities.

ind of work is available to bothnd women.g for this kind of work may be

ble through your local Stateyrnent Service office under thewer Development and Training

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Bookkeeping-Machine Operator, you may advanceto a supervisory bookkeeping job.With further training in businesscourses, you may advance to such jobsas statistical clerk or bookkeeper.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local wholesaleor retail firm, bank, utility, insurance,or transportation company, manu-facturing firm, or government agency.Register at your local State Employ-ment Service office. Ask your highschool counselor for information. Readthe ads in your daily newspapers.Visit the local office of the CivilService Commission or your local postoffice and ask for information.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Bureau of Educational Assistance

ProgramsDivision of Vocational and Technical

EducationU.S. Office of EducationWashington, D.C. 20202

The National Association and Councilof Business Schools

1518 K Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20005

0.1

CLERICALAND SALESOCCUPATIONS

calculating-machineoperator;adding-machineoperator

8

31.

Usual DutiesThe Calculating-Ma(Adding-Machine Opcomputing and recobusiness records anThe Calculating-Maca manual or electricautomatica I ly adds,multiplies, divides,He presses the keyslevers on the machiicalculations and toThe Add ing-Mach nEmanual or electric aadd or subtract figui.figures onto recordsThese operators ma)clerical duties.

ng-machine7

iachine

8

Usual DutiesThe Calculating-Machine Operator andAdding-Machine Operator do thecomputing and recording necessary forbusiness records and reports.The Calculating-Machine Operator usesa manual or electric calculator whichautomatically adds, subtracts,multiplies, divides, and finds roots.He presses the keys and moves thelevers on the machine to make hiscalculations and to record the results.The Adding-Machine Operator uses amanual or electric adding machine toadd or suPtract figuns. He copies thefigures onto records r reports.

These operators may also perform otherclerical duties.

rsrv

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a regular 5-day, 40-hourworkweek. Work is performed indoors inpleasant surroundings.

QualificationsTo become a Calculating-MachineOperator or Add;ng-Machine Operator,you must complete a few weeks of on-the-job training. To qualify as abeginning worker for either of thesejobs, you usually must have a highschool education. Courses in businessmathematics, bookkeeping, and theoperation of office machines will be veryuseful to you.You must be able to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands andfingers when using calculating andadding machines. You must have goodeyesight and concentration in order toaccurately feed figures into themachines.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Calculating-Mc.:.hineOperators and Adding-Machine Opera-tors during the next 10 years. Thesejob openings will come about becauseof the need to replace workers whowill retire or leave their jobs for otherreasons, and because of the need formore Calculating-Machine Opertorsand Adding-Machine Operators to ciothe computing and recording work thatwill result from an increase in thevolume of business. As a result, yourchances of getting a job are very grod.Jobs are found in nearly allcommunities and in many establish-ments. Good chances for findingemployment will be at big businesscenters in large cities.This kind of work is available to buthmen and women.Training for this kind of woi k may beavailable through your lof:al StateEmployment Service offif:e under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportuniticAs an experienced CalcdOperator or Adding-Machiiyou may advance to jobs cmore complex machines,workers, or to supervisoror department within theWith further training in U.more complicated equiprradvanced business coursadvance to supervisory po,dr,partment heads much nthan by job experience E

ployment Prospectsre will be many thousands of jobflings for Calculating-Machinerators and Adding-Machine Opera-during the next 10 years. Theseopenings will come about becausehe need to replace workers whoretire or leave their jobs for other

sons, and because of the need fore Calculating-Machine OpertorsAdding-Machine Operators to do

computing and recording work thatI result from an increase in theime of business. As a result, yournces of getting a job are very good.

s are found in nearly allmunities and in many establish-

nts. Good chances for findingployment will be at big businessters in large cities.

is kind of work is available to both

n and women.ining for this kind of work may beilable through your local Stateployment Service office under thenpower Development and Trainingt.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Calculating-MachineOperator or Adding-Machine Opertor,you may advance to jobs of operatingmore complex machines, training newwcrkers, or to supeorisor of a .;ectionor department within the company.With further training in the use of new,more complicated equipmeut and inadvanced bnsiness courses, you mayadvance to supervisory positions ordepartment heads much more rapidlythan by job experience alone.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local manu-facturing firm, finance, insurance, orreal estate company, or governmentagency. Register at your local StateEmployment Service office. Ask yourhigh school counselor for information.Read the ads in your daily newspapers.Visit the local office of the CMIService Commission or your local postoffice and ask for information.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Bureau of Educational As3istance

ProgramsDivision of Vocational and Technical

EducationU.S. Office of EducationWashington, D.C. 20202

The National Association and Councilof Business Schools

1518 K Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20005

CLERICALAND SALESOCCUPATIONS

card-tape-converter oper ator;high-speed-printer operator

72,

Usual DutiesThe Card-Tape-Converter Operator runsa machine that copies informationfrom punchcards onto tapes or fromtapes onto punchcards. He wires theplugboard of the machine, puts thestacks of cards and reels of tape inthe machine, and starts the readingand recording machines. While themachines are transcribing information,he must 'Natch for and correct errors. I

When the run is completed, he rnarksidentification data on the reels oftape or drawers of cards and makes arecord of his work.The High-Speed-Printer Operator runsa printing machine that changes theinformation on tapes into printedrecords. He wires the plugboard of themachine, mounts the tapes, and putsthe paper in the printer. He thenstarts the machine, checks it to makesure the printing can be read easily,watches for lights on the machinewhich indicate errors, and makes anynecessary corrections. When the runis Zinished, ho removes the printedre.,:ords, and puts away the reels of tape.

wogI 0.

Usual DutiesThe Card-Tape-Converter Operator runsa machine that copies informationfrom punchcards onto tapes or fromtapes onto punchcards. He wires theplugboard of the machine, puts thestacks of cards and reels of tape inthe machine, and starts the readingand recording machines, While themachines are transcribing information,he must watch for and correct errors.When the run is completed, he marksidentification data on the reels oftape or dtz,'ers of cards and makes arecord of his work.The High-Speed-Printer Operator runsa printing machine that changes theinformation on tapes into printedrecords. He wires the plugboard of themachine, mounts the tapes, and putsthe paper in the printer. He thenstarts the machine, checks it to makesure the printing can be read easily,watches for lights on the machinewhich indicate errors, and rolkes anynecessary corrections. When the runis finished, he removes the printedrecords, and puts away the reels of tape.

soaq 11

af.

Characteristics of JohWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a regular 5-day, 40-hourworkweek. Work is performed indoorsin pleasant surroundings.

Qu ilificationsTo become a Card-Tape-ConverterOperator or High-Speed-Printfx Oper-ator, you must complete a few weeksof on-the-job training. To qualify as abeginning worker for either of thesejobs, you must have a high schooleducation. Courses in data processingmachinery and business subjects willLe very useful to you.You must be physically able to standor walk for long periods of time. Youmust also be able to lift and carryarticles weighing up to 20 pounds atfrequent intervals. You must havegood eyesight with normal color visionto read labels, wire plugboards fromdiagrams, scan materials being tran-scribed for errors, and check themulticolored wiring oF the plugboard.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Card-Tape-ConverterOperators and High-Speed-PrinterOperators during the next 10 years.These job openings will come aboutbecause of the need to replaceworkers who will retire or leavc., theirjobs for other reasons, and because ofthe need for more Card-Tape-ConverterOperators and High-Speed-PrinterOperators to run the increasing numberof data processing machines. As aresult, your chances of getting a jobare very good.Jobs are found in nearly allcommunities and in many establish-ments. Good chances for findingemployment will be at commercialcenters in large cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work !nay beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Card-Tape-Converter A

Operator or High-Speed-PrinterOperator, you may advance to a jobas computer-peripheral-equipmentoperator and eventually with more fiexperience you may aovance to a jobas Digital-Computer Operator. Withfurther training in electronic dataprocessing equipment, you may advanceto a job as programer.

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Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Card-Tape-ConverterOperators and High-Speed-PrinterOperators during the next 10 years.These job openings will come aboutbecause of the need to replaceworkers who will retire or leave theirjobs for other reasons, and because ofthe need for more Card-Tape-ConverterOperators and High-Speed-PrinterOperators to run the increasing numberof data processing machines. As aresult, your chances of getting a jobare very good.Jobs are found in nearly allcommunities and in many establish-ments. Good chances for findingemployment will be at commercialcenters in large cities.Thit kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training fnr this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

7 4"

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Card-Tape-ConverterOperator or High-Speed-PrinterOperator, you may advance to a jobas computer-peripherai-equipmentoperator and eventually with moreexperience you may advance to a jobas Digital-Computer Operator. Withfurther training in electronic dataprocessing equipment, you may advanceto a job as programer.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local insurancecompany, bank, transportation andpublic utility company, manufacturingfirm, or any government agency thatuses data processing machines.Register at your local State Employ-ment Service office. Ask your highschool counselor for information. Readthe ads in your daily newspaper. Visitthe local office of the Civil ServiceCommission or your local post officeand ask for information.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:

Data Processing ManagementAssociation

524 Busse HighwayPark Ridge, III. 60068Association tor Computing Machinery211 East 43rd StreetNew York, N.Y. 10017

CLERICALAND SALESOCCUPATIONS

cashier

411111.

Usual DutThe Cashicustomersmay makepreparedcash regi:change rrsimple recand thenrecords otmay alsowrap mer

Usual 0u,liesThe Cashier receives money fromcustomers and makes change. Shemay make out bills or work with thoseprepared by others. She may use acash register, adding machine, orchange machine. She may keep asimple record of the money she receivesand then balance this record withrecords of the sales for the day. Shemay also answer the telephone andwrap merchandise.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hour workweek.Work schedule may include evenings,nights, holidays, and weekends. Workis performed indoors in pleasantsurroundings.Job may require you to be bonded.

QualificationsTo.become a Cashier, you must completea few months of on-the-job training.1,1 qualify as a beginning worker forthis job you usually must have a highschool education. Courses in businessarithmetic, bookkeeping, and anyother business or commercial courseswill be very useful to you.You must be physically able to standfor long periods of time and to workrapidly and accurately with your handsand fingers when operating a cashregister and adding machine. Youmust have good eyesight to accuratelyoperate the cash register.You must be friendly, patient, tactful,and neat to get along well withcustomers.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 600,000 jobcpenings for Cashiers during the next10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire or leavetheir jobs for other reasons, andbecause of the need for more Cashiersin the increasing volume of retailbusiness. As a result, your chances ofgetting a job are very good.Jobs are found in nearly allcommunities and in many establish-ments. Good chances for findingemployment will be at big businesscenters in large cities.As a student you can usually obtainpart-time work and summer work atalmost any establishment in mostcommunities. This kind of work isavailable to both men and women.Training for this kind of work is avail-able through your local State Employ-ment Service office under the ManpowerDevelopment and Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiAs an expeienced Cashiadvance to a managerialin the larger establishmfurther training in busimtion related to the emibusiness, you may advamanagerial job much fEjob experience alone.

ess

ly

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 600,000 jobopenings for Cashiers during the next10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire or leavetheir jobs for other reasons, andbecause of the need for more Cashiersin the increasing volume of retailbusiness. As a result, your chances ofgetting a job are very good.Jobs are found in nearly allcommunities and in many establish-ments. Good chances for findingemployment will be at big businesscenters in large cities.As a student you can usually obtainpart-time work and summer work atalmost any establishment in mostcommunities. This kind of work isavailable to both men and women.Training for this kind of work is avail-able through your local State Employ-ment Service office under the ManpowerDevelopment and Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an expeienced Cashier, you mayadvance to a managerial job, especiallyin the larger establishments. Withfurther training in business administra-tion related to the employer'sbusiness, you may advance to amanagerial job much faster than byjob experience alone.

0(4

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local restaurant,place of entertainment, or almost anyretail store. Register at your localState Employment Service office. Askyour high school counselor for informa-tion. Read the ads in your dailynewspapers. Visit the local office ofthe Civil Service Commission or yourlocal post office and ask for information.For more information on this kindof work, write to:Retail Clerks International Association

(AFL-CIO)Connecticut Avenue and De Sales

Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20036

CLERICALAND SALESOCCUPATIONS

computer-peripheral-equipmentoperator

Usual DThe CoOperatorinstructiform to aa centralinformaticomputersuch as tinto thenecessaaccordinwires a cthe machequipmenremovesthe runlabels thand putsprepares

Usual DutiesThe Computer-Peripheral-EquipmentOperator runs a machine that hasinstructions to transfer data from oneform to another, to print output froma central computer, and to readinformation into and out of thatcomputer. He puts input materials,such as tapes, cards, and bank checks,into the machine and sets thenecessary guides, keys, and switchesaccording to the instructions. He thenwires a control panel and puts it intothe machine. After this, he starts theequipment, watches for errors, andremoves any incorrect materials. Whenthe run is through, he unloads andlabels the input and output materialsand puts them back into storage orprepares them for use.

I

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hour workweek.Work schedule may include evenings,nights, holidays, and weekends.Work is performed indoors in pleasantsurroundings.

QualificationsTo become a Computer-Peripheral-Equipment Operator, you must completea few months of on-the-job training. Toqualify as a beginning worker for thisjob, you must have at least a highschool education. Courses in businesssubjects, operation of businessmachines, and electronic data process-ing will be very useful to you. Mostemployers require you to take tests todetermine your aptitude for the work

You must be physically able to standand walk for long periods of timeand to work rapidly and accuratelywith your hands and fingers in orderto set up machines and manipulatekeys and switches to correct errors orstoppages. You must have good eye-sight with normal color vision towire a control panel when setting upthe machine.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Computer-Peripheral-Equipment Operators during the next10 years. These job openings will comeabout because of the need to replaceworkers who will retire or leave theirjobs for other reasons, and .becauseof the need for more Computer-Peripheral-Equipment Operators tohandle the large increase in the use ofcomputer equipment to do clericalwork. As a result, your chances ofgetting a job are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at public utilities, banks, trans-portation and insurance companies,manufacturing firms, data processingservice centers, and governmentagencies in large cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OppoiAs an experienced (Equipment Operatoito a job as Console +to a supervisory jottraining in advanclment, you may ad%programer.

pleteTothis

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82

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Computer-Peripheral-Equipment Operators during the next10 years. These job openings will comeabout because of the need to replaceworkers who will retire or leave theirjobs for other reasons, and .becauseof the need for more Computer-Peripheral-Equipment Operators tohandle the large increase in the use ofcomputer equipment to do clericalwork. As a result, your chances ofgetting a job are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at public utilities, banks, trans-portation and insurance companies,manufacturing firms, data processingservice centers, and governmentagencies in large cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Computer-Peripheral-Equipment Operator, you may advanceto a job as Console Operator and laterto a supervisory job. With furthertraining in advanced computer equip-ment, you may advance to a job asprogramer.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local publicutility, bank, transportation or insur-ance company, manufacturing firm,data processing service center, orgovernment agency. Register at yourlocal State Employment Service office.Ask your high school counselor forinformation. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers. Visit the local officeof the Civil Service Commission oryour local post office and ask forinformation.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Data Processing Management

Association524 Busse HighwayPark Ridge, III. 60068

Association for Computing Machinery211 East 43rd StreetNew York, N.Y. 10017

0 4.)

CLERICALAND SALESOCCUPATIONS

data typist

.0 00

Usual 11The Patthat conwhich ciprocessi I

punchcalmachine,the specmachineimpulsesthis, sheany mistShe mayto make ccorrespoc

Usual DutiesThe Data Typist operates a machinethat converts information into codeswhich can be read by electronic dataprocessing equipment. She putspunchcards or reels of tape into themachine, sets switches, then typesthe specified information which themachine records as holes or magneticimpulses onto cards or tapes. Afterthis, she checks her work and correctsany mistakes.She may also use a reader attachmentto make copies of businesscorrespondence or records.

Characteristics f JWork is steady throuelout the year,usually with a regufar 5-day, 40-hourworkweek. Work is performed indoorsin pleasant surroundings.

71

QualificationsTo become a Data Typist, yoa mustcomplete 3 months of on-the-jobtraining. To qualify as a begirmingworker for this job,, you usually musthave a high school education. Coursesin electric typewriting and anybusiness courses will be very usefulto you. Most employers require you totake tests to determine your aptitudefor the work.You must be able to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands and fingerswhen using manual or electrictypewriters.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Data Typists during thenext 10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons andbecause of the need for more DataTypists due to the increasing use ofdata processing machines. As aresult, your chances of getting a jobare very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at financial companies, educationalinstitutions, any private industryconcern that uses electronic dataprocessing machines, and governmentagencies in large cities.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpporturAs an experienced Dgmay advance to jobscomplex machines arsupervisory jobs. Witlin advanced data prmachines, you may asupervisory job muchjob experience alone.

must-jobginningIly must

Coursesany

usefulre you tor aptitude

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Employment ProspectsThere wilI be many thousands of jobopenings for Data Typists during thenext 10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons andbecause of the need for more DataTypists due to the increasing use ofdata processing machines. As aresult, your chances of getting a jobare very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at financial companies, educationalinstitutions, any private industryconcern that uses electronic dataprocessing machines, and governmentagencies in large cities.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

r, gib0 0

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Data Typist, youmay advance to jobs operating morecomplex machines and later tosupervisory jobs. With further trainingin advanced data processingmachines, you may advance to asupervisory job much faster than byjob experience alone.

K1:

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local largebusiness establishment or governmentagency that uses electronic dataprocessing machines. Register at yourlocal State Employment Service office.Ask your high school counselor forinformation. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers, Visit the local officeof the Civil Service Ccmmission oryour local post office and ask forinformation.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Data Processing Management

Association524 Busse HighwayPark Ridge, III. 60068

Association for Computing Machinery211 East 43rd StreetNew York, N.Y. 10017

CLERICALAND SALESOCCUPATIONS

digital-computeroperator

UsualThe Digand conto proceprogramdetermirfollowedloads thcards, athe run,watch aany of thif the cifinds otrand concompleticompute

Usual DutiesThe Digital-Computer Operator monitorsand controls an electronic computerto process data. He first reads theprogramer's written instructions anddetermines the procedure to befollowed. He then sets control switches,loads the computer with the tape orcards, and starts the computer. Duringthe run, he has dozens of lights towatch and switches to operate. Ifany of these lights signal an error orif the computer stops running, hefinds out what is causing the troubleand corrects the error. He thencompletes the run and clears thecomputer.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hour workweek.Work schedule may include evenings,nights, holidays, and weekends.

.Work is performed indoors in pleasantsurroundings.

QualificationsTo become a Digital-Computer Operator,you must complete a few months ofon-the-job training. To qualify as abeginning worker for this job, youmust have at least a high schooleducation. Comses in data processingmachines will be very useful to you.Most employers require you to taketests to determine your aptitude forthe work.You must be physically able to standand walk for long periods of timeand to work rapidly and accurately withyour hands and fingers when settingup computer machines and to movekeys and switches in correcting errorsor stoppages. You must have goodeyesight with normal color vision toobserve and react to dozens of variouscolored lights and switches.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Digital-Computer Opera-tors during the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers who willretire or leave their jobs for otherreasons and because of the 'need formore Digital-Computer Operators dueto the ever-increasing use of dataprocessing machines to do clericalwork. As a result, your chances ofgetting a job are very good.Jobi are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at insurance, transportation, publicutility companies, banks, and ingovernment agencies in large cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Digital-COperator, you may advanceoperating more complex malater to supervisory jobs.further training in data promachines and techniques, yadvance to a job as programe

8

Employment Prospectserator, There will be many thousands of jobs of openings for Digital-Computer Opera-as a tors during the next 10 years. These job

you openings will come about because ofhool the need to replace workers who will

cessing retire or leave their jobs for otheryou. reasons and because of the need for

take more Digital-Computer Operators duede for to the ever-increasing use of data

processing machines to do clericaistand work. As a result, your chances of

:me getting a job are very good.ly with Jobi are found in nearly all communitiestting and in many establishments. Goodove chances for finding employment will

errors be at insurance, transportation, publicod utility companies, banks, and inn to government agencies in large cities.various This kind of work is available to both

men and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Digital-ComputerOperator, you may advance to jobsoperating more complex machines andlater to supervisory jobs. Withfurther training in data processingmachines and techniques, you mayadvance to a job as programer.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local bank,insurance, transportation or publicutility company, or government agency.Register at your local State Employ-ment Service office. Ask your highschool counselor for information.Read the ads in your daily newspapers.Visit the local office of the CivilService Commission or your local postoffice and ask for information.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Data Processing Management

Association524 Busse HighwayPark Ridge, III. 60068

Association for Computing Machinery211 East 43rd StreetNew York, N.Y. 10017

CLERICALAND SALESOCCUPATIONS

duplicating-machineoperator

Usual DutiesThe Duplicating-Mmakes copies of tand other materialseveral kinds of dHe runs a masterthent to be copiedmachine. He thenstarts the machinecarefully to makecopies are clear anOn some machinesthe paper and recopies for a batch.He may also havediagrams for the mmaterials to be du

Usual DutiesThe Duplicating-Machine Operatormakes copies of typewrittenand other materials, using one ofseveral kinds of duplicating machines.He runs a master copy of the docu-ment to be copied through themachine. He then makes adjustments,starts the machine, and watchescarefully to make certain that thecopies are clear and easy to read.On some machines he may feed inthe paper and remove the finishedcopies for a batch.He may also have to type or drawdiagrams for the master copy ofmaterials to be duplicated.

f% at

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a regular 5-day, 40-hourworkweek. Work'is performed indoorsin pleasant surroundings.

QualificationsTo become a Duplicating-MachineOperator, you must complete a fewweeks of on-the-job training. Toqualify as a beginning worker for thisjob, you usually must have a highschool education. Courses in the useof office machines and any businesscourse will be very useful to you.You must be able to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands andfingers when adjusting the machine toaccommodate various sized mastercopies of documents to be reproduced.You must have good eyesight to keepthe machine properly adjusted so thatit produces legible copies.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenillgs for Duplicating-MachineOperators during the next 10 years.These job openings will come aboutbecause of the need to replace workerswho will retire or leave their jobs forother reasons and because of theneed for more Duplicating-MachineOperators to handle the ever-increasingworkload in reproduction of writtenmaterials. As a result, your chancesof getting a job are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at manufacturing companies thathandle a large volume of records in

large cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may be

available through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement Opp(As an experiencedOperator, you mayoperating more cotraining new worketraining in busine:the use of other ofmay advance to j1complex machinesby experience alor

achinee a fewg. Torker for thise a highin the use

businessto you.rapidly ands andmachine to

d mastereproduced.ht to keepsted so that

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Duplicating-MachineOperators during the next 10 years.These job openings will come aboutbecause of the need to replace workerswho will retire or leave their jobs forother reasons and because of theneed for more Duplicating-MachineOperators to handle the ever-increasingworkload in reproduction of writtenmaterials. As a result, your chancesof getting a job are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at manufacturing companies thathandle a large volume of records inlarge cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Duplicating-MachineOperator, you may advance to jobsoperating more complex machines ortraining new workers. With furthertraining in business arithmetic and inthe use of other office machines, youmay advance to jobs operating morecomplex machines much faster thanby experience alone.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local manu-facturing company, bank, insurancecompany, wholesale or retail firm, orgovernment agency. Register at yourlocal State Employment Service office.Ask your high school counselor forinformation. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers. Visit the local officeof the Civil Service Commission oryour local post office and ask forinformation.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Bureau of Educational Assistance

ProgramsDivision of Vocational and Technical

EducationU.S. Office of EducationWashington, D.C. 20202

The National Association and Councilof Business Schools

1518 K Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20005

CLERICALAND SALESOCCUPATIONS

hotel clerk

96

Usual DutiesThe Hotel Clerk pEduties to serve holand confirms hotelguests arrive, he glthem, gives themgives instructionsHe keeps recordsaccounts and of troccupied. He bilhpayment from thenhe checks them ot.He may use equipteletype, a telephboard to send andHe also sorts andincoming mailIn addition, he sianswering questiorplaces to visit amavailable from thehe does typing andas tobacco, candl

Usual DutiesThe Hotel Clerk performs a variety ofduties to serve hotel guests. He makesand confirms hotel reservations. Whenguests arrive, he greets and registersthem, gives them their room keys, andgives instructions to the bellman.He keeps records of the guests'accounts and of the rooms which areoccupied. He bills guests and collectspayment from them. When they leave,he checks them out.He may use equipment such as ateletype, a telephone, and a switch-board to send and receive messages.He also sorts and marks the date onincoming mail.In addition, he serves guests byanswering questions about interestingplaces to visit and about the servicesavailable from the hotel. Sometimeshe does typing and sells items suchas tobacco, candy, and newspapers.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,with a 5- or 6-day, 40- to 48-hourworkweek. Work schedule includesevenings, nights, weekends, and holi-days. Work is performed indoors inpleasant surroundings.

m,;0

QualificationsTo become a Hotel Clerk, you mustcomplete a few weeks of on-the-jobtraining. To qualify as a beginningworker for this job, you usually musthave a high school education.Courses in typing and bookkeepingwill be very useful to you.You must be physically able to standfor long periods of time and to workrapidly and accurately with yourhands and fingers when using ateletype machine and operating aswitchboard. You must have good eye-sight to keep records of guests'accounts, sort incoming mail, andoperate a switchboard. You must havea good sense of hearing to communi-cate with hotel guests and the publicin general.You must be friendly, patient, tactful,neat, and have a pleasant speakingvoice to get along well with the public.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Hotel Clerks during thenext 10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons andbecause of the demand for more HotelClerks due to the rapid increase inthe number of hotels and motels. Asa result, your chances of getting ajob are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at hotels or motels in large cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Hotel Clerk,may advance to training of roodclerks, key clerks, reservation cand floor clerks, but only in Nchain hotels, because these jotexist only in such hotels. With fltraining in college business arhotel administration courses, ycadvance to management jobs.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Hotel Clerks during thenext 10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons andbecause of the demand for more HotelClerks due to the rapid increase inthe number of hotels and motels. Asa result, your chances of getting ajob are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at hotels or motels in large cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Hotel Clerk, youmay advance to training of roomclerks, key clerks, reservation clerks,and floor clerks, but only in large orchain hotels, because these jobsexist only in such hotels. With furthertraining in college business andhotel administration courses, you mayadvance to management jobs.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local hotelor motel. Register at your local StateEmployment Service office. Ask yourhigh school counselor for information.Read the ads in your daily newspapers.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:American Hotel and Motel Association221 West 57th StreetNew York, N.Y. 10019

The Council on Hotel, Restaurant, andInstitutional Education

Statler Hall, Cornell UniversityIthica, N.Y. 14850

"M"06...., Row

CLERICALAND SALESOCCUPATIONS

key-punchoperator

.aIIlI111 II

100

.561,

Usual DutiesThe Key-Punch Operatoralphabetic and numeric 1(1

machine to transcribe dalsource material onto punchto produce prepunched dalloads the machine withpunchcards. Then, he maand depresses keys to sematic or manual duplicatispacing, to select alphabeti,punching, and to transferthrough machine stations.he depresses keys to transdata from the source mateperforations on the cards.this process he observes Uto make sure it is workingIn case of any mechaniclhe notifies his supervisor.become jammed, he removethe machine by using a pry

Usual DutiesThe Key-Punch Operator operates analphabetic and numeric key-punchmachine to transcribe data fromsource material onto punchcards andto produce prepunched data. He firstloads thE machine with decks ofpunchcards. Then, he moves switchesand depresses keys to select auto-matic or manual duplication andspacing, to select alphabetic or numericpunching, and to transfer cardsthrough machine stations. After this,he depresses keys to transcribe newdata from the source material intoperforations on the cards. Duringthis process he observes the machineto make sure it is working properly.In case of any mechanical trouble,he notifies his supervisor. If cardsbecome jammed, he removes them fromthe machine by using a prying knife.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a regular 5-day, 40-hourworkweek. Work is performed indoorsin pleasant surroundings.

QualificationsTo become a Key-Punch Operator, youmust complete a few weeks ofon-the-job training. To qualify as abeginning worker for this job, youusually must have a high schooleducation. Courses in typing andkey-punch operation will be very usefulto you. Most employers require you totake tests to determine your aptitudefor the work.You must be able tO work rapidly andaccurately with your hands and fingerswhen operating the keyboard of thekey-punch machine. You must havegood eyesight to be able to read verysmall printed words and numbers.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Key-Punch Operatorsduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers who willretire or leave their jobs for otherreasons and because of the need formore Key-Punch Operators to operatethe ever-increasing number of machinesthat will be required as a result ofbusiness growth. As a result, yourchances of getting a job are very good.

Jobs are found in many communitiesand in many establishments. Good

chances for finding employment willbe at manufacturing firms that use,data processing equipment and ingovernment agencies in large cities.

This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OppAs an experienceyou may advancemore complex maclerical jobs,. Witin business couremployer's busineto a supervisory jor department he

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Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Key-Punch Operatorsduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers who willretire or leave their jobs for otherreasons and because of the need formore Key-Punch Operators to operatethe ever-increasing number of machinesthat will be required as a result ofbusiness growth. As a result, yourchances of getting a job are very good.

Jobs are found in many communitiesand in many establishments. Good

chances for finding employment willbe at manufacturing firms that use.data processing equipment and ingovernment agencies in large cities.

This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Key-Punch Operator,you may advance to jobs operatingmore complex machines or higher ratedclerical jobs. With further trainingin business courses related to theemployer's business, you may advanceto a supervisory job, such as a sectionor department head.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local utility,finance, wholesale or retail tradeestablishment, manufacturing firm thatuses data processing equipment, orgovernment agency. Register at yourlocal State Employment Serviceoffice. Ask your high school counselorfor information. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers. Visit the localoffice of the Civil Service Commissionor your local post office and ask forinformation.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:United Business Schools Association1518 K Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20005

Data Processing ManagementAssociation

524 Busse HighwayPark Ridge, Ill. 60068

103

CLERICALAND SALESOCCUPATIONS

library assistant

Usual DutiesThe Library Assistant helirecords, caring for booksborrowers at a public, sispecial library. He keepsbooks lent out, their bornthe dates they must be nlibrary. He makes up liswhich are overdue and snotices to the persons wlWhen overdue books arecomputes and collects thby the library.He sorts books, magazinematerials and returns theistorage place in the filesshelves. He files cards i

catalog.He also issues library carborrowers and helps peoplicannot find the books theyAt times he repairs damaihelps in library inventoricpersonally or over the ph(questions about nonprofe:library matters.

Usual DutiesThe Library Assistant helps in keepingrecords, caring for books, and servingborrowers at a public, school, orspecial library. He keeps records ofbooks lent out, their borrowers, andthe dates they must be returned to thelibrary. He makes up lists of bookswhich are overdue and sends outnotices to the persons who have them.When overdue books are returned, hecomputes and collects the fines setby the library.He sorts books, magazines, and othermaterials and returns them to theirstorage place in the files or on theshelves. He files cards in the cardcatalog.He also issues library cards to newborrowers and helps people whocannot find the books they want.At times he repairs damaged books,helps in library inventories, and,personally or over the phone, answwsquestions about nonprofessionallibrary matters.

105

se.r.

I

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 35- to 40-hourworkweek. Work schedule may includeevenings, nights, holidays, and week-ends. Work is performed indoors inpleasant surroundings.

-7 ...r.et

QualificationsTo become a Library Assistant, youmust complete from 6 to 12 months ofon-the-job training. To qualify as abeginning worker for this job, youusually must have a high schooleducation. Courses in typing, book-keeping, and basic mathematical andclerical procedure will be very usefulto you.You must be physically able to standfor long periods of time and to workrapidly and accurately 'with your handsand fingers when sorting books andmagazines and placing them on shelve;properly. You must have good eye-sight to keep records of books loanedand returned and when assisting inlibrary inventories. You must have agood sense of hearing to communicatewith library patrons because con-versations are usually carried on ina quieter than normal voice.You must be friendly, patient, tactful,and neat in appearance to get alongwell with the public.

06

Employment ProspectsThere will be thousands of jobopenings for Library Assistants duringthe next 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of the needto replace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons andbecause of the need for more LibraryAssistants to help professionallibrarians in maintaining the growingnumber of libraries. As a result,your chances of getting a job are good.

Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at school and public libraries inlarge cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportAdvancement for youLibrary Assistant isform of higher wagesin library science, hbecome a professions

mploymont Prospectshere will be thousands of jobpenings for Library Assistants duringhe next 10 years. These job openingsill come about because of the need

o replace workers who will retire oreave their jobs for other reasons andecause of the need for more Libraryssistants to help professional

ibrarians in maintaining the growingumber of libraries. As a result,our chances of getting a job are good.obs are found in nearly all communitiesnd in many establishments. Goodhances for finding employment wille at school and public libraries inarge cities.his kind of work is available to bothen and women.raining for this kind of work may bevailable through your local Statemployment Service office under theanpower Development and Trainingct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAdvancement for you as an experiencedLibrary Assistant is usually in theform of higher wages. With a degreein library science, however, you canbecome a professional librarian.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local publicschool, library, college, researchcompany, or government agency.Register at your local State Employ-ment Service office. Ask your highschool counselor for information. Readthe ads in your daily newspapers. Visitthe local office of the Civil ServiceCommission or your local post officeand ask for information.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:American Library Association50 East Huron StreetChicago, III. 60603

0 7

CLERICALAND SALESOCCUPATIONS

office boy;office girl;messenger

108

Usual DutiesThe Office Boy, Office Girl, or Messengercollects, sorts, seals, stamps, andmails or delivers messages or otherpapers to people within his own or inother business offices. He may berequired to drive a car or motorcycleto deliver materials to other businessconcerns. He may also have to getreceipts, keep records, answer tele-phones, do filing, and operate simpleoffice machines, such as postagemeters and envelope sealing machines.

"L 0 9

4'6

rz

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40.4our work-week. Work schedule in some estab-lishments includes e.enings, nights,holidays, and weekends. Work isusually performed indoors in plezsantsurroundings. Work is performed indoorsand outdoors only on jobs that requirethe wcrker to deliver messages toestablishments that are located inother buildings throughout the city.Employer usually furnishes work uni-forms if they are required.

QualificationsTo become an Office Boy, Office Girl,or Messenger, you must receive a fewdays to a week of onthe-job training tobecome familiar with work schedulesand locations of places with whichyou will be involved in your work. Toqualify for these jobs, you usuallymust have a high school education,because it is almost always required foradvancement. Courses in the operationof office machines and any clericalsubjects related to the business inwhich you are employed will be veryuseful to you. You must be at least 18years of age if you are required todrive a car or motorcycle in perform-ance of your duties. You must alsohave a valid driver's license and beinsurable.You must be physically able to standand walk for most of the working day.If driving a motor vehicle, you mustbe able to perform safely in normal orheavy traffic conditions. You must beable to work rapidly and accuratelywith your hands and fingers whensorting, sealing, and stamping mail ormessages. You must have good eye-sight with normal color vision to drivean automobile or motorcycle, ifrequired. You must have a good senseof hearing to clearly understand andaccurately respond to oral messagesor orders given by coworkers.You must be friendly, tactful, neat, andalert to get along well with the public.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Office Boys, Office Girls,or Messengers during the next 10years. These job openings will comeabout because of the need to replaceworkers who will retire or leave theirjobs for other reasons and because ofthe demand for more Office Boys, Office

Girls, or Messengers to meet theneeds of increasing business activities.As a result, your chances of gettinga job are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many..establishments. Good

chances for finding employment willbe at publishing firms, banks, tele-graph companies, and retail stores inlarge towns or cties.As a student you can usually obtainpart-time work at publishing firms andtelegraph companies in almost anycommunity.This kind of work is available to both

men and women.Training for this kind of work may be

available through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and Training

Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Office BcGirl, or Messenger, you mayjobs such as file clerk, stockgeneral clerk, and office macoperator. With further traininclerical and business subjeccollege or business school,advance to supervisory clelmanagement jobs.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Office Boys, Office Girls,or Messengers during the next 10years. These job openings will comeabout because of the need to replaceworkers who will retire or leave theirjobs for other reasons and because ofthe demand for more Office Boys, OfficeGirls, or Messengers to meet theneeds of increasing business activities.As a result, your chances of gettinga job are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at publishing firms, banks, tele-graph companies, and retail stores inlarge towns or cties.As a student you can usually obtainpart-time work at publishing firms andtelegraph companies in almost anycommunity.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmploymer.t Service office under theManpowee Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Office Boy, OfficeGirl, or Messenger, you may advance tojobs such as file clerk, stock clerk,general clerk, and office machineoperator. With further training inclerical and business subjects incollege or business school, you mayadvance to supervisory clerical ormanagement jobs.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local bank,printing and publishing firm, telegraphcompany, radio and television broad-casting station, retail store, ortelephone company. Register at yourlocal State Employment Service office.Ask your high school counselor forinformation. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers.

CLERICALAND SALESOCCUPATIONS

receptionist

112

Usual DutiThe Recepclients, amof their nagives direcquestions.ments, ansa switchbamail and nclerical wor

t

l

,

Usual DutiesThe Receptionist receives visitors,clients, and customers; makes a recordof their names and other information;gives directions; and answers routinequestions. She may also make appoint-ments, answer the telephone, operatea switchboard, collect and give outmail and messages, type, and do otherclerical work.

4 4 elLAO

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hour work-week. Work schedule includes eveningsnights, and weekends only in suchbusinesses as beauty shops, physicians'offices, or hospitals. Work is performedindoors in pleasant surroundings.

QualificationsTo become a Receptionist, you mustcomplete about 3 months of on-the-jobtraining. To qualify as a beginningworker for this job, you must have atleast a high school education. Coursesin typing, bookkeeping, PBX switch-board operation, and English grammarwill be very useful to you.You must be able to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands and fingerswhen typing and operating theswitchboard.You must be friendly, patient, attrac-tive, tactful, neat, and have a pleasantspeaking voice to deal successfullywith the public.

ii

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 250,000 jobopenings for Receptionists during thenext 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of the needto replace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons andbecause of the need for more Recep-tionists due to increasing businessactivities. As a result, your chancesof getting a job are very good.Jobs are found in nearly ai1 communitiesand in many establishments. Good

chances for finding employment willbe at offices of physicans, attorneys,and other professional people, largebusiness offices, hospitals, beautyshops, and insurance and real estatecompanies in large cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and Training

Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Receptionimay advance to a better payinsecretary. With further trainingbusiness and administrative cotyou may advance to a secretamore rapidly than by job exalone and may also advance toadministrative assistant.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 250,000 jobopenings for Receptionists during thenext 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of the needto replace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons andbecause of the need for more Recep-tionists due to increasing businessactivities. As a result, your chancesof getting a job are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at offices of physicans, attorneys,and other professional people, largebusiness offices, hospitals, beautyshops, and insurance and real estatecompanies in large cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may be

available through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Receptionist, youmay advance to a better paying job assecretary. With further training inbusiness and administrative courses,you may advance to a secretarial jobmore rapidly than by job experiencealone and may also advance to anadministrative assistant.

S

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local physician,attorney, hospital, beauty shop,insurance, real estate, or any largebusiness office, large restaurant, orplace of entertainment. Register atyour local State Employment Serviceoffice. Ask your high school counselorfor information. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:United Business Schools Association1518 K Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20005

CLERICALAND SALESOCCUPATIONS

secretary

Imes%

41 1 6

Usual DutiesThe Secretary schgives informationdictation, and othofficials of clerivadministrative andShe reads and roand attaches thecorrespondence toemployer.She also takei'dicor on a Stenotypetranscribes her ridor transcribes fronShe composes anicorrespondence atence and other recIn addition, she an:and gives informatiroutes the call trofficial and placesalso schedules appemployer.She greets visitors,their business, andto the emplorr or

Usual DutiesThe Secretary schedules appointments,gives information to callers, takesdictation, and otterwise relievesofficials of clerical work and minoradministrative and business details.She reads and routes incoming mailand attaches the appropriate file tocorrespondence to be answered by theemployer.She also takes dictation in shorthandor on a Stenotype machine andtranscribes her notes on a typewriter,or transcribes from voice recordings.She composes and types routinecorrespondence and files correspond-ence and other records.In addition, she answers the telephoneand gives information to callers orroutes the call to the appropriateofficial and places outgoing calls. Shealso schedules appointments for theemployer.She greets visitor's, asks the nature oftheir business, and conducts themto the employer or appropriate person.

Characteristics ef JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a regular Sday, 404iourworkweek. Work is performed indoorsin pleasant surroundinp.

QualificationsTo become a 3ecretary, you mustcomplete a few months of on-the-jobtraining. To qualify as a beginningworker for this job, you usually musthave at least a high school education,including courses in shorthand andtyping. Courses in English grammar,the operation of business machines,and any other business subject will bevery useful to you.You must be able to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands and fingerswhen typing, taking dictation, andoperating office machines. You musthave a goad sense of hearing to takedictation accurately.You must be friendly, tactful, alert,neat, and courteous to get along wellwith customers and coworkers.

118

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Secretaries during the next10 years. These job openings will comeabout because of the need to replaceworkers who will retire or leave theirjobs for other masons and because ofthe need for more Secretaries to handlethe rapidly increasing volum2 of paper-work and minor administrative dutiesresulting from business expansion inmost industries. As a result, yourchances of getting a job ate very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties and in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment will

be at manufacturing firms, insurancecompanies, and government agencies inlarge cities.This kind of vie* is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct

Advancement OppotAs an experiencedspecial ized kaardoployees business alyou may advance tcjob, such as adminiofrce supervisor, or

61.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Secretaries during the next10 years. These job openings will comeabout because of the need to replaceworkers who will retire or leave theirjobs for other reasons and because ofthe need for more Secretaries to handlethe rapidly increasing volume of paper-work and minor administrative dutiesresulting from business expansion inmost industries. As a result, yourchances of getting a job are very good.Jobs are found in neatly all communi-ties and in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at manufacturing firms, insurancecompanies, and government agencies inlarge cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Secretary, withspecialized knowledge of your em-ployer's business and office ptocedures,you may advance to a more responsiblejob, such as administrative assistant,office supervisor, or executive secretary.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local manufac-turing firm, insurance company, bank,hospital, or government agency. Ingeneral, Secretaries are employed bypublic and private organizations ofpractically every size and type. Registerat your local State Employment Serviceoffice. Ask your high school counselorfor information. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers. Visit the local officeof the Civil Service Commission or yourlocal post office and ask for infotmation.For mote information on this kind ofwork, write to:United Business Schools Association1518 K Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20005

Bureau of Educational AssistancePrograms

Division of Vocwonal and TechnicalEducation

U.S. Office of EducationWashington, D.C. 20202

CLERICALAND SALESOCCUPATIONS

stenographer

-4 r% nL 4 t,

6 a.

Usual DutiesThe Stenographer takshorthand of coerespoand other matter, anddictated material, usiShe may also perfonrroutine clerical tasks.are: copying data and cand reports; recordingmerchandise or servicissuing, and sending oinvoices, statements,matter; and operatingmachines as adding, cduplicating machines.

Usual DutiesThe Stenographer takes dictation inshorthand of correspondence, reports,and other matter, and transcribes thedictated material, using a typewriter.She may also perform a variety ofroutine clerical tasks. Some of themare: copying data and compiling recordsand reports; recording orders formerchandise or service% preparing,issuing, and sending out receipts, bills,invoices, statements, and similarmatter; and operating such offtemachines as adding, calculating, andduplicating machines.

121

0.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a regular 5-day, 40-hourworkweek. Work is performed indoorsin pleasant surroundings.

QualificationsTo become a Stenographer, you mustcomplete a few months of on-the-jobtraining. To qualify as a beginningworker for this job, you must have atleast a high school education, includingcourses in shorthand and typing.Courses in English grammar, in theoperation of business machines, andany other business subject will bevery useful to you. The FederalGovernment and most private employersrequire you to take tests to show thatyou can take dictation at a rate ofat least 80 words a minute and cantype at least 40 words a minute.You must be able to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands and fingerswhen taking dictation, typing, andoperating office machines. You musthave a good sense of hearing to takedictation accurately.You must be friendly, alert, neat, andcourteous to get along well withcoworkers.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Stenographers during thenext 10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire or leavetheir jobs for other reasons and becauseof the need for more Stenographers to

handle the rapidly increasing volumeof paperwork resulting from businessexpansion in most industries. As aresult, your chances of getting a jobare very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties and in many establishments. Good

chances for finding employment will be

at manufacturing firms, insurancecompanies, and government agencies inlarge cities.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Stenographcmay advance to a job as a SecriWith further training in ofFcedures and by acquiring specialknowledge of your employer's byou may advance to a more reujob, such as administrative ass,.office supervisor, or executive

6*.

Employment Prospectshere will be many thousands of jobpenings for Stenographers during the

next 10 years. These job openings willome about because of the need to

eplace wo;kers who will retire or leaveI heir jobs for other reasons and becausef the need for more Stenographers tolandle the rapialy increasing volumeDf paperwork resulting from businessexpansion in most industries. As aesult, your chances of getting a job

pre very good.lobs are found in nearly all communi-ies and in many establishments. Good

Ohances for finding employment will beat manufacturing firms, insurancecompanies, and government agencies inlarge cities.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Stenographer, youmay advance to a job as a Secretary.With further training in office proce-dures and by acquiring spbcializedknowledge of your employer's business,you may advance to a more responsiblejob, such as administrative assistant,office supervisor, or executive secretary.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local manufac-turing firm, insurance company,hospital, or government agency. Ingeneral, Stenographers are employed bypublic and private organizations ofpractically every size and type. Registerat your local State Employment Serviceoffice. Ask your high school couselorfor information. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers. Visit the local officeof the Civil Service Commission or yourlocal post office and ask forinformation.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:United Business Schools Association1F113 K Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20005Bureau of Educational Assistance

ProgramsDivision of Vocational and Technical

EducationU.S. Offce of EducationWashington, D.C. 20202

CLERICALAND SALESOCCUPATIONS

tabulating-machineoperator;sorting-machineoperator

Usual DutiesThe Tabulatina machine thztical and acewires and instcontrol panelthe batch ofthe machine.the items puniCalculations,accounting rehe watches fomoves jemmyis completed,the next workThe Sorting-Msimilar machircards accordinand arranges tgroups. He ixon the ccntrolsorting procesmachine. Helooking througito make certacorrectly.

4 n14%

61(

Usual DutiesThe Tabulating-Machine Operator runsa machine that sorts and counts statis-tical and accounting information. Hewires and installs the plugboard orcontrol panel for the machine, insertsthe batch of punched cards, and startsthe machine. While the machine countsthe items punched on the cards, makescalculations, and prints the results onaccounting records and other items,he watches for any problems and re-moves jammed cards. When the batchis completed, he mutes the cards tothe next work station.The Sorting-Machine Operator runs asimilar machine which separates thecards according to the location of holesand arranges them in a set order ot ingroups. He pushes the correct buttonson the control panel to set up thesorting process and then starts themachine. He checks the sorting bylooking through the holes in the cardsto make certain they are lined upcorrectly.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout year,usually with a regular 5-day, 40-hourworkweek. Work is performed indoorsin pleasant surroundings.

GuafificationsTo become a Tabulating-MachineOperator or Sorting-Machine Operator,you must complete 3 months of on-the-job training. To qualify for either ofthese jobs, you must have a businessschool or high school education.Courses in typing and any otherbusiness subjects will be very usefulto you.You must be able to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands and fingerswhen setting up and adjusting yourmachine. You must have good eyesightwith normal color vision to performsimple wiring of plugboards whensetting up the machine or to inspectthe wiring if the plugboards wereprewired by another operator.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Tabulating-MachineOperators and Sorting-Machine Opera-tors during the next 10 years. Thesejob openings will come about becauseof the need to replace workers whowill retire or lease their jobs for otherreasons and because of the demand formore Tabulating-Machine Operators andSorting-Machine Operators to meet theneeds of the increasing businessactivities. As a result, your chancesof getting a job are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties and in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at manufacturing and insurancecompanies, banks, wholesale and reteilfirms, and in government agencies inlarge cities.This kind of work is available both tomen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

ib

L 2r

Advancement OpAs an experienceOperator or Sortyou may advancmore complex rncletical jobs, or tor section or denfurther trainingment courses gimanufacturers (alyou may advanceoperator and late

40.

tmployment Prospectsthere will be many thousands of job,penings for Tabulating-MachineDperators and Sorting-Machine Opera-ors during the next 10 years. These,b openings will come about because

'pf the need to replace workers whoMI retire or leave their jobs for othereasons and because of the demand for

more Tabulating-Machine Operators andSorting-Machine Operators to meet theieeds of the increasing business

ktivities. As a result, your chances-If getting a job are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ies and in many establishments. Goodhances for finding employment will

be at manufacturing and insuranceompanies, banks, wholesale and retailirms, and in government agencies inarge cities.This kind of work is available both tomen and women.Training for this kind of work may bewailable through your local State

Employment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Tabulating-MachineOperator or Sorting-Machine Operator,you may advance to jobs operatingmore complex machines, to relatedclerical jobs, or to supervisory positionsor section or department heads. Withfurther training in specialized equip-ment courses given by equipmentmanufacturers (at company expense),you may advance to digital-computer-operator and later to a job as programer.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local manufac-turing firm, bank, insurance company,wholesale or retail establishment thathandles a large volume of bookkeepingrecords or paper work, or any govern-ment agency. Register at your localState Empiuyment Service office. Askyour high school counselor for informa-tion. Read the ads in your dailynewspapers. Visit the local office of theCivil Service Commission or your localpost office and ask for information.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Data Processing Management

Association524 Busse HighwayPark Ridge, Illinois 60068

Association for Computing Machinery211 East 43rd StreetNew York, N.Y. 10017

CLERICALAND SALESOCCUPATIONS

tape librarian

Usual DutiesThe Tape Librariarand tapes used irassigns them a copredetermined sys1index cards for filestores, checks ouireturned cards or t.supervisor if they aSometimes he runs,to repunch damage

Usual DutiesThe Tape Librarian classifies the cardsand tapes used in computers andassigns them a code by following apredetermined system. He . preparesindex cards for file reference. He alsostores, checks out, and receivesreturned cards or tapes and notifies thesupervisor if they are worn or damaged.Sometimes he runs a keypunch machineto repunch damaged cards.

66.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a regular 5-day, 40-h:urworkweek. Work is performed indocrs inpleasant surroundings.

QualificationsTo become a Tape Librarian, you mustcomplete about 6 months of on-the-jobtraining. To qualify as a beginningworker for this job, you usually musthave a high school education. Coursesin typing and any other businesssubjects will be very useful to you.You must be physically able to standfor long periods of time and occasion-ally lift and carry reels of tape anddrawers of cards weighing up to 20pounds. You must be able to workaccurately with your hands and fingerswhen operating a keypunch machine torepunch damaged cards. You must havegood eyesight to visually inspectcards and tapes that are used incomputers to determine if they areworn or damaged.

Employment ProspectsThere will be thousands of job openingsfor Tape Librarians during the next 10years. These job openings will comeabout because of the need to replaceworkers who will retire or leave theirjobs for other reasons and because ofthe need for more Tape Librarians dueto the ever-increasing number ofcomputers. As a result, your chancesof getting a job are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties and in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment will beat large companies and governmentagencies in large cities.This kind of work is avallable to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpporturAs an experienced Tapmay advance to a sup(other Tape Librarians,large companies that ting equipment and sysfurther training in theprocessing equipment,to a job as a programer

you mustf on-the-jobginning

a I ly mustn. CoursessinessI to you.

e to standoccasion-ape andup to 20to work

and fingersmachine tomust have

nspectsed inthey are

Employment ProspectsThere will be thousands of job openingsfor Tape Librarians during the next 10years. These job openings will comeabout because of the need to replaceworkers who will retire or leave theirjobs for other reasons and because ofthe need for more Tape Librarians dueto the ever-increasing number ofcomputers. As a result, your chancesof getting a job are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties and in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment will beat large companies and governmentagencies in iarge cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment SeMce office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

u

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Tape Librarian, youmay advance to a supervisory job overother Tape Librarians, but only in verylarge companies that use data process-ing equipment and systems. Withfurther training in the operation of dataprocessing equipment, you may advanceto a job as a programer.

47

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local businesswith large data processing systems andemployers and branch offices of dataprocessing equipment manufacturers.Register at your local State EmploymentService office. Ask your high schoolcounselor for information. Read the adsin your daily newspapers. Visit the localoffice ol the Civil Service Commissionor your local post office and ask forinformation.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Data Processing Management

Association524 Busse HighwayPark Ridge, Illinois 60068

Association for Computing Machinery211 East 43rd StreetNew York, N.Y. 10017

v:

CLERICALAND SALESOCCUPATIONS

telephone operator

0 0

_BEL.

0'4r

132

Usual DutiesThe Telephone Operator operates eithera cord or cordless switchboard to relayincoming, outgoing, and interofficecalls. She pushes switch keys to makeconnections and to relay calls oncordless switchboard. On cord typeequipment she plugs cords into jacksthat are mounted on the switchboard.She may also supply information tocallers, record messages, and keeprecords of calls and toll charges.Sometimes, too, she performs clericalduties, such as typing, proofreading,and sorting mail.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 35- to 40-hourworkweek. Work schedule may includeevenings, nights, holidays, and week-ends.

QualificationsTo become a Telephone Operator, youmust complete 1 to 3 weeks of on-the-job training. To qualify as a beginningworker for this job, you must have ahigh school education. Courses inEnglish, typing, and business arithmeticwill be very useful to you. Mostemployers require you to take physicalexaminations and genera! aptitude tests.You must be able to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands and fingerswhen inserting and removing plugsattached to cords and when manipulat-ing keys and dials. You must have goodeyesight with normal color vision todistinguish colored lights on theswitchboard. You must have a goodsense of hearing to receive requests orinstructions from telephone callers.You must be friendly, patient, tactful,courteous, and have a pleasant speak-ing voice to deal successfully withcallers.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 280,000 jobopenings for Telephone Operatorsduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers who willretire or leave their jobs for otherreasons and because of the demand formore Telephone Operators to handlethe increasing volume of telephonecalls. As a result, your chances ofgetting a job are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties and in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at telephone companies in largecities.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

AdvaruAs anyou msupervoperathighertypist,a telei

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 280,000 jobopenings for Telephone Operatorsduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers who willretire or leave their jobs for otherreasons and because of the demand formore Telephone Operators to handlethe increasing volume of telephonecalls. As a result, your chances ofgetting a job are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties and in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at telephone companies in largecities.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

-4

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Telephone Operator,you may advance to such jobs as asupervisor, instructor, or chiefoperator. You may also advance tohigher paying clerical jobs, as clerk-typist, sales clerk, or order taker.Tina telephone company.

429'.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local telephonecompany, telephone answering serviceestablishment, large retail store, hotel,hospital, manufacturing plant, or gov-ernment agency. Register at your localState Employment Service office. Askyour high schooi counselor forinformation. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers. Visit the local officeof the Civil Service Commission or yourlocal post office and ask for information.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Communications Workers of America1925 K Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20006

Alliance of Independent TelephoneUnions

1422 Chestnut Street, Room 302Philadelphia, Pa. 19102

13.5

...

CLERICALAND SALESOCCUPATIONS

teller

,130

I

(t.

70.

Us

Th,deaninrec(At'

lo

trphch

Usual DutiesThe Teller cashes checks and handlesdeposits and withdrawals from checkingand savings accounts. He makes entriesin the customers' account books, givesreceipts for money received, and keepsother records of banking transactions.He also takes real estate, commercialloan, installment, and other payments.He may operate office machines, selltravelers' checks and savings bonds,photograph records, figure up servicecharges, and file checks.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a regular 5-day, 371/2- to40-hour workweek. Work is performedindoors in pleasant surroundings.Employer may require you to be bonded.

QualificationsTo become a Teller, you must completeabout 6 months of on-the-job training.To qualify as a beginning worker forthis job, you must have a high schooleducation. Courses in businessarithmetic and clerical subjects will bevery useful to you.You must be physically able to standand move around within a small areaduring most of the working day. Youmust also be able to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands and fingerswhen making change, cashing checks,making entries in the customers'accounts, and keeping records oftransactions as required. You musthave good eyesight to accurately recordinformation when se/ling savings bondsand travelers' checks and during anytransaction where counting money isinvolved.You must be friendly, patient, tactful,neat, and courteous to deal successfullywith customers.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Tellers during the next10 years. These job openings will comeabout because of the need to replaceworkers whu will retire or leave theirjobs for other reasons and because ofthe need for more Tellers due to theincreasing volume of banking and thegrowth of branch banks. As a result,your chances of getting a job are verygood. f

Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties and in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment will beat banks and savings and loan com-panies in large cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Teller,advance to a job as a specior Head Teller, who supervTellers. With further trairspecialized courses offeredAmerican Institute of Ban!related college courses youvance to Head Teller fasteijob experience alone, andto an executive job.

mpleteraining.er forschool

sss will be

standII area

Youdly and

fingerschecks,ers'

ofmust

ly records bondslg anyney is

tactful,

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Tellers during the next10 years. These job openings will comeabout because of the need to replaceworkers who will retire or leave theirjobs for other reasons and because ofthe need for more Tellers due to theincreasing volume of banking and thegrowth of branch banks. As a result,your chances of getting a job are verygood.

Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties and in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment will beat banks and savings and loan com-panies in large cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

138

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Teller, you mayadvance to a job as a specialized Telleror Head Teller, who supervises otherTellers. With further training inspecialized courses offered by theAmerican Institute of Banking orrelated college courses you may ad-vance to Head Teller faster than withjob experience alone, and later advanceto an executive job.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local bank,savings and loan company, brokeragefirm, or personal loan company. Registerat your local State Employment Serviceoffice. Ask your high school &lunselorfor information. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:American Bankers AssociationPersonnel Administration and Manage-

ment Development Committee90 Park AvenueNew York, N.Y. 10016

139

CLERICALAND SALESOCCUPATIONS

typist

4 4 r%

74a

Usual DuThe Typi:stencils,records fidrafts, orShe maytotals forShe mayas runnirsimple olanswering

Usual DutiesThe Typist types letters, envelopes,stencils, business forms, and otherrecords from dictated recordings, roughdrafts, or other sources.She may have to check her drafts andtotals for mistakes.She may do other clerical work, suchas running duplicating and othersimple office machines, filing andanswering the phone.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a regular 5-day, 40-h3urworkweek. Work is performed indoorsin pleasant surroundings.

QualificationsTo become a Typist, you must completea few weeks of on-the-job training.To qualify as a beginning worker forthis job, you usually must have ahigh school education. Courses in useof the electric typewriter, officepractices, bookkeeping, shorthand,and English will be very useful to you.Most employers require you to taketests to determine your aptitude forEnglish and typing speed and accuracy.

You must be able to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands and fingerswhen operating a typewriter. Youmust have good eyesight to read roughdrafts and to proofread completedtyped material. You must have a goodsense of hearing to transcribe dicta-tion from a dictaphone recording,You must be neat, dependable, andable to get along well with yourcoworkers.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 600,000 jobopenings for Typists during the next10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire or leavetheir jobs for other reasons aridbecause of the demand for moreTypists due to an increasing volumein business correspondence. As aresult, your chances of getting a jobare very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at business centers in large cities,As a student you can usually obtainpart-time work or summer work at abusiness establishment in almost anycommunity.Although most typists today are women,this kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

A-A11114

Advancement OpportAs an experienced Tadvance to a morejob and to a supervother Typists. Within business coursesclerical subjects yoi,a stenographic or sei

ompletening.ker forve as in useceand,to you.

takee forccuracy.

ly andfingers

Youd roughleted

a gooddicta-ing.andU

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 600,000 jobopenings for Typists during the next10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire or leavetheir jobs for other reasons andbecause of the demand for moreTypists due to an increasing volumein business correspondence. As aresult, your chances of getting a jobare very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at business centers in large cities.As a student you can usually obtainpart-time work or summer work at abusiness establishment in almost anycommunity.Although most typists today are women,this kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Typist, you mayadvance to a more specialized typingjob and to a supervisory job overother Typists. With further trainingin business courses and any relatedclerical subjects you may advance toa stenographic or secretarial job.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local professionaloffice, educational institution, finance,insurance, and real estate company,or any government agency. Register atyour local State Employment Serviceoffice. Ask your high school counselorfor information. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers. Visit the localoffice of the Civil Service Commissionor your local post office and ask forinformation.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:United Business Schools Association1518 K Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20005

-a .4 cri

CLERICALAND SALESOCCUPATIONS

grocery checker

Usual DuThe Grocregisterand totalpurchasestore.items, lothe pricEregister (record ththat indiias grocegives thepayment,unload slfigure upcollect cstamps. ,ba lanceamount 5He mayor take

Usual DutiesThe Grocery Checker uses a cashregister or adding machine to recordand total the prices of customers'purchases in a self-service grocerystore. He reads the markings on theitems, looks at a price list or recallsthe prices, then pushes the cashregister or adding machine keys torecord the prices and the symbolsthat indicate the kind of items bought,as grocery, meat, or produce. Hegives the customer his bill, receivespayment, and makes change. He mayunload shopping carts, weigh items andfigure up their prices, bag groceries,collect coupons, or give out tradingstamps. At the end fo his shift he maybalance the cash on hand with theamount shown on his register.He may also stock shelves, mark items,or take inventory.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5- or 6-day, 40- to 48-hour workweek, depending on localunion contracts and needs of the store.Work scnedule may include evenings,nights, holidays, and weekends. Workis performed indoors in pleasantsurroundings.Job sometimes requires you to bebonded.Employer usually furnishes workuniforms if they are required.

QualificationsTo become a Grocery Checker, you mustcomplete a few weeks of on-the-jobtraining. To qualify as a beginningworker for this job, you usually musthave a high school education. Coursesin arithmetic and adding machineand cash register operation will bevery useful to you. You must be atleast 18 years of age.You must be physically able to standfor long periods of time and lift thesacked groceries from the counter andplace them into grocery carts. Youmust be able to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands and fingerswhen using a cash register or addingmachine and when packing groceries,receivint, payment, and making change.You must have good eyesight withnormal color vision to operate a cashregister when recording prices andthe colored symbol keys that classifyeach item as grocery, meat, produce,or other category.You must be friendly, patient, tactful,neat, and mentally alert to get alongwell with customers.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Grocery Checkers duringthe next 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of the needto replace workers who will retireor leave their jobs for other reasons,and because of the need for moreGrocery Checkers due to the growth ofsupermarkets and other grocery stores.As a result, your chances of gettinga job are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at supermarkets in suburban areas.As a student you can usually obtainpart-time work at supermarkets inalmost any area during weekends,holidays, and rush seasons.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

^

Advancement OpporAs an experiencedyou may advance tocashier, departmentassistant manager.ing in business adrfood retailing coursschool level, you r

supervisory and adnmore rapidly. Somiprovide this trainincapable employees.

cker, you muston-the-jobbeginning

usually mustation. Coursesg machinetion will benust be at

able to standnd lift thee counter andarts, Youidly andds and fingerser or addinging groceries,naking change.sight witherate a cashprices andthat classify

eat, produce,

Went, tactful,o get along

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Grocery Checkers duringthe next 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of the needto replace workers who will retireor leave their jobs for other reasons,and because of the need for moreGrocery Checkers due to the growth ofsupermarkets and other grocery stores.As a result, your chances of gettinga job are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at supermarkets in suburban areas.As a student you can usually obtainpart-time work at supermarkets inalmost any area during weekends,holidays, and rush seasons.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for Liis kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Grocery Checker,you may advance to such jobs as chiefcashier, department head, andassistant manager. With further train-ing in business administration andfood retailing courses above highschool level, you may advance tosupervisory and administrative jobsmore rapidly. Some foodstore chainsprovide this training to interested andcapable employees.

Finding the lobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any localindependent supermarket, chain storesupermarket, or smaller grocery store.Register at your local State Employ-ment Service office. Ask your highschool counselor for information. Readthe ads in your daily newspapers.

CLER I CALAND SALESOCCUPATIONS

sales clerk

Usual DuThe Sale:merchancmagazinetobaccomakes chmerchanwith merrecordsstock, or

Usual DutiesThe Sales Clerk receives payment formerchandise, such as bakery goods,magazines, groceries, books, andtobacco selected by customers andmakes change. He may wrap or bagmerchandise and keep shelves stockedwith merchandise. He may also keeprecords of sales, prepare inventory ofstock, or order merchandise.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5- or 6-day, 35- to 48-hour workweek. Work schedule mayinclude evenings, nights, holidays,and weekends. Work is performedindoors in pleasant surroundings.

QualificationsTo become a Sales Clerk, you mustcomplete a brief period of on-the-jobtraining to acquaint you with your worksurroundings and duties. When apply-ing for this job, you will be givenpreference if you have a high schooleducation, but it is not required.Courses in arithmetic, English, andhome economics will be very useful toyou.You must be physically able to standand walk throughout the workday.You must be friendly, patient, tactful,neat, and courteous in order to dealsuccessfully with customers.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Sales Clerks during thenext 10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons andbecause of the need for more SalesClerks due to the increasing volume ofretail trade. AS a result, your chancesof getting a job are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at retail stores in large cities.As a student you can usually obtainpart-time work or summer work atretail stores in almost any community.This kind of work is available to both

, men and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportuniiAs an experienced SalEmay advance to a jobsupervisor. With furthlsalesmanship and menmay advance to a job asor salesman.

77

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Sales Clerks during thenext 10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons andbecause of the need for more SalesClerks due to the increasing volume ofretail trade. Ai a result, your chancesof getting a job are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at retail stores in large cities.As a student you can usually obtainpart-time work or summer work atretail stores in almost any community.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Sales Clerk, youmay advance to a job as sectionsupervisor. With further training insalesmanship and merchandising, youmay advance to a job as salespersonor salesman.

77

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local retailstore. Register at your local StateEmployment Service office. Ask yourhigh school counselor for information.Read the ads in your daily newspapers.

151

SERVICEOCCUPATIONS

airplane stewardess

IP`)

Usual DuiThe Airplavariety ofsafety andBefore eacpassengersuppl iesgear are afood andAs the pa,greets the'assists thlsmall lugmay sellDuring thEthat seatsafety ins'She answeand weathand pillowchildren alcabin neatand servescooked pr(serve cocli

After the Ireports.On internacustoms irpassengersequipmentin an appn

ewardess

Usual DutiesThe Airplane Stewardess performs avariety of personal services for thesafety and comfort of airline passengers.Before each flight, she sees that thepassenger cabin is in order, thatsupplies and emergency passengergear are aboard, and that necessaryfood and beverages are in the galley.As the passengers come aboard, shegreets them, checks their ticksts, andassists them with their coats andsmall luggage. On some flights, shemay sell tickets.During the flight, she makes certainthat seat belts are fastened and givessafety instructions when required.She answers questions about the flightand weather, passes out reading matterand pillows, helps care for smallchildren and babies, and keeps thecabin neat. On some flights, she heatsand serves meals that have beencooked previously, and may sell andserve cocktails.After the flight, she completes flightreports.On international flights, she also givescustoms information, instructspassengers in the use of emergencyequipment, and repeats instructionsin an appropriate foreign language.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,but work schedule often includesevenings, holidays, and weekends.Workers are usually limted to 85 hoursof flight time in each month. Overtimemay be required. Work is performedindoors, usually in pleasant surround-ings. At times, however, noise andvibration may be present during aflight.Some employers require worker tofurnish her own uniforms.

QualificationsTo become an Airplane Stewardess, youmust complete about 6 monthi ofclassroom and on-the-job training. Toqualify for a training program, youmust have at least a high schooleducation. You will be given preferenceif you have had some college training.Courses in English and other modernlanguages, public speaking, geography,hygienics, and first-aid practices willbe very useful to you. You usuallymust be between 20 and 27 years ofage, unmarried, and able to meetcertain height and weight requirements.You must be physically able to beon your feet (either standing orwalking) for long periods of time, toclimb up and down movable stairswhen boarding and leaving an airplane,and to balance yourself when carryingand serving food and beveragesduring a flight.You must be friendly, attractive, tactful,resourceful, and have a pleasantspeaking voice to get alone well withthe public.

r,7

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Airplane Stewardessesduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers who winmarry or leave their jobs for otherreasons and because of the need formore Airplane Stewardesses to provideservices to the expected large increasein passenger traffic. As a result,your chances of getting a job are verygood.Good chances for finding employmentwill be at a scheduled airline in alarge city.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women. When a man isperforming the work, he is called anAirplane Steward. Also, some of thepersonal qualifications are differentfor men.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Airplane Syou may advance to jobs asstewardess or puirser, super%stewardess. stewardess instrecruiting representative.

79

ployment Prospectsere wili be many thousands of job.nings for Airplane Stewardessesring the next 10 years. These jobnings will come about because ofneed to replace workers who will

rry or leave their jobs for othersons and because ot the need forre Airplane Stewardesses to providevices to the expected large increasepassenger traffic. As a result,r chances of getting a job are veryd.d chances for finding employmentbe at a scheduled airline in a

e city.s kind of work is available to bothn and women. When a man isrforming the work, he is called anplane Steward. Also, some of thetonal qualifications are differentmen.

54

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Airplane Stewardess,you may advance to jobs as firststewardess or puirser, supervisingstewardess, stewardess instructor, orrecruiting representative.

29

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local airlinecompany. Register at your local StateEmployment Service office. Ask yourhigh school counselor for information.Contact local union officials forinformation. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers.Information about job openings in aparticular airline and the qualificationsrequired may be obtained by writingto the personnel manager of thecompany. Addresses of individualcompanies are available from:Air Transport Association of America1000 Connecticut Avenue, NW.Washington, D.C. 20036

---,---i,

SERVICEOCCUPATIONS

barber;barber apprentice

MUM 4.1%

prentice

Usual DutiesThe Barber provides many kinds ofbarbering services to customers. Hecuts, trims, and tapers hair, usingclippirs, combs, and scissors. He alsoshaves a customer's ?)eard and shapeshis hair outline with a razor. Atother times he dyes, shampoos, singes,or styles a customer's hair. On stillother occasions he massages acustomer's face, neck, or scalp. Healso collects payments for services andmakes change. He may sell lotions,tonics, and other cosmetic supplies.The Barber Apprentice (See Apprentice--General Comments) learns to per-form all the tasks of the Barberwithin a given time.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year.The workweek varies from shop to shopand usually is more than 40 hours.Work schedule may include eveningsand Saturdays. Work is performedindoors in pleasant surroundings.Some employers require you to furnishyour own work uniform. Employerusually requires workers to have, or toacquire, their own instruments.

QualificationsIn almost all States you must have aBarber's license. To obtain thislicense, you must complete from 6 to9 months of classroom training in aState-approved Barbers' school. Aftergraduating from such a school, youthen must pass an examination foran apprentice license. After working 1or 2 years as an apprentice, you mustthen pass a written test and showthat you can do the work to obtainyour license as a rigistered Barber.In addition, you usually must have atleast an eighth grade education, be atleast 16 years of age, and meetcertain health requirements.You must be physically able to be onyour feet (either standing or walking)almost all the workday and to workrapidly and accurately with your handsand fingers when using barberinginstruments.You must be friendly, patient, neat,and tactful in order to deal success-fully with your customers.

Employment ProspectsThere will ti^ about 120,000 jobopenings for Barbers during the next10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the heed toreplace workers who will retire or leavetheir jobs for other reasons andbecause of the need for more BarbersIto provide barbering services to morepeople. As a result, your chances ofgetting an apprenticeship are verygood.

Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties. Good chances for findingemployment will be in large cities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment . Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Barber, you ma)advance to a manager of a large 51or to a teacher at a barber school.You may also go into business foryourself by opening your ownbarbershop.As an apprentice, you will advanca journeyman Barber upon complelof 2 or 3 years of classroom and,on-the-job training and after obtayour license as a registered Barber

nployment Prospectslere will be about 120,000' jobDenings for Barbers during the next

years. These job openings willDme about because of the heed toplace workers who will retire or leaveeir jobs for other reasons andecause of the need for more Barbers

provide barbering services to moreople. As a result, your chances oftting an apprenticeship are very

Dod.

bs are found in nearly all communi-es. Good chances for findingnployment will be in large cities.eapprenticeship training for thisnd of work may be available throughur local State Employment Service

Ffice under the Manpower Developmentnd Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Barber, you mayadvance to a manager of a large shopor to a teacher at a barber school.You may also go into business foryourself by opening your ownbarbershop.As an apprentice, you will advance toa journeyman Barber upon completionof 2 or 3 years of classroom andon-the-job training and after obtainingyour license as a registered Barber.

Finding the JobApply directly at any barbershop.Register at your local State Employ-ment Service office. Ask your highschool counselor or barber schoolinstructor for information. Contactlocal union officials for information.Read the ads in your daily newspapers.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 20.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:National Association of Barber

Schools, Inc.750 Third AvenueHuntington, W. Va. 25701

Associated Master Barbers andBeauticians of America

537 South Dearborn StreetChicago, III. 60605

Journeymen Barbers, Hairdressers,Cosmetologists, and Proprietors'International Union of America

1141 North Delaware StreetIndianapolis, Ind. 46207

SERVICEOCCUPATIONS

bellman

Usual DutiesThe Bel !man performs many kinds ofservices for hotel guests. He escortsincoming guests to their rooms,assists them with their luggage, andgives them information on availableservices and facilities of the hotel,local points of interest, and localentertainment.He also inspects the rooms to makesure that they are in order and wellsupplied. Then he explains certainthings, such as operation of radio,television, and nightlock, and how toplace telephone calls.On other occasions he pages guests inthe lobby, dining room, and otherparts of the hotel, delivers messages,and runs errands.

Characteristics of JobExcept in hotels that open for businessonly during certain seasons, work issteady through the year. The work-week varies from 35 to 48 hours. Workschedule may include evenings,nights, holidays, and weekends. Workis performed indoors in pleasantsurroundings.Employer usually furnishes workuniforms.

QualificationsTo become a Bellman, you mustcomplete a few weeks of on-the-jobtraining. Many employers do not statehow much education you should have,but you will be given preference forthe job if you have a high school'education. In some cases, you.must beat least 21 years of age, but thelaws on minimum age vary in individualStates.You must be physically able to liftand carry heavy objects, such asluggage, and to be on your feet (eitherstanding or walking) throughout theworkday.You must be courteous, neat, andtactful in order to deal successfullywith hotel guests.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 10,000 job openingsfor Bellmen during the next 10 years.These job openings will come aboutbecause of the need to replaceworkers who will retire or leave theirjobs for other reasons and because ofthe need for more Bellmen to senethe increasing number of hotelguests. As a result, your chances ofgetting a job are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties. Good chances for findingemployment will be at hotels in largecities.

41

iq if-'7`

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Bellman,advance to a bell captain anda superintendent of services.more education you may a&a front office clerical positic

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 10,000 job openingsfor Bellmen during the next 10 years.

te These job openings will come aboutbecause of the need to replaceworkers who will retire or leave theirjobs for other reasons and because ofthe need for more Bellmen to seRethe increasing number of hotel

l guests. As a result, your chances ofgetting a job are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties. Good chances for findingemployment will be at hotels in largecities.

ry1. A

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Bellman, you mayadvance to a bell captain and then toa superintendent of services. Withmore education you may advance toa front office clerical position.

Fa ,

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local hotel ormotel. Register at your local StateEmployment Service office. Ask yourhigh school counselor for information.Read the ads in your daily newspaper.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:American Hotel and Motel Association221 West 57th StreetNew York, N.Y. 10019

'

SERVICEOCCUPATIONS

cook helper;kitchen helper

184

Usual DutiesThe Cook Helper does suchwashing, peeling, and cuttivegetables and fruits; cleanpreparing meats, seafood, astirring and straining soupssauces; weighing and meaingredients; and carrying kit(ment. He also helps cleanand cooking utensils.The Kitchen Helper keeps Nequipment, and utensils dealHis duties include washing wwalls, and equipment; sortand garbage; washing pots, ptrays; and washing dishesware either by hand or by us.machine. He also moves siand equipment from storagkitchen and sets up banquel

165

Usual DutiesThe Cook Helper does such things aswashing, peeling, and cuttingvegetables and fruits; cleaning andpreparing meats, seafood, and poultry;stirring and straining soups andsauces; weighing and measuringingredients; and carrying kitchen equip-ment. He also helps clean the kitchenand cooking utensils.The Kitchen Helper keeps work areas,equipment, and utensils clean and neat.His dutias include washing worktables,walls, and equipment; sorting trashand garbage; washing pots, pans, andtrays; and washing dishes and silver-ware either by hand or by using amachine. He also moves suppliesand equipment from storage to thekitchen and sets up banquet tables.

-"

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hour work-week. Work schedule may includeevenings, nights, holidays, and week-ends. Work is performed indoors andoften involves handling dirty andgreasy objects.

Employer usually furnishes uniforms ifthey are required.

QualificationsTo become a Cook Helper or a KitchenHelper, you must complete a few daysof on-the-job training. Education isusually not important, but the moreyou have, the better are your chancesof getting the job. In all States youmust have a health certificate.You must be physically able to be onyour feet (either standing or walking)for long periods of time.

Employment ProspectsThere will be thousands of job openingsfor Cook Helpers and Kitchen Helpersduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers whowill leave their jobs for variousreasons and because of the need formore Cook Helpers and KitchenHelpers due to the increasing numberof eating and drinking establishments.As a result, your chances of gettinga job as a Cook Helper or a KitchenHelper are good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties and in many establishments.Good chances for finding employmentwill be at large restaurants in largecities.As a student you can usually obtainpart-time work and summer work atboarding houses and small restaurantsin almost any community.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.

Advancement CAs an experierKitchen Helpersuch jobs as copantryman.

84.

or a Kitchene a few daysucation ist the moreyour ciiances

States youicate.le to be ong or walking)

Employment ProspectsThere will be thousands of job openingsfor Cook Helpers and Kitchen Helpersduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers whowill leave their jobs for variousreasons and because of the need formore Cook Helpers and KitchenHelpers due to the increasing numberof eating and drinking establishments.As a result, your chances of gettinga job as a Cook Helper or a KitchenHelper are good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties and in many establishments.Good chances for finding employmentwill be at large restaurants in largecities.As a student you can usually obtainpart-time work and summer work atboarding houses and small restaurantsin almost any community.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.

, rb cI '

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Cook Helper orKitchen Helper, you may advance tosuch jobs as cook, counterman, orpantryman.

84.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local restaurant,hotel, boarding house, hospital,cafeteria, or other establishment thatserves food. Register at your localState Employment Service office. Askyour high school counselor forinformation. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Educational DirectorNational Restaurant Association1530 North Lake Shore DriveChicago, III. 60610

elb

0 7

-

SERVICEOCCUPATIONS

cosmetologist;cosmetologist apprentice(beauty operator;beauty-operator apprentice)

18

t;t apprenticetor,tor apprentice)

Usual DutiesThe Cosmetologist (Beauty Operator)provides a variety of beauty servicesto customers. She gives permanentwaves, and shampoos, cuts, sets,styles, straightens, bleaches, and tintstheir hair. She also gives manicuresand scalp and facial treatments,provides makeup analyses, shapeseyebrows, and cleans and styles wigsand hair pieces. At other times shemakes appointments for customers,cleans her equipment, and sterilizesher instruments. In doing her job, sheuses clippers, scissors; razors,brushes, combs, hair dryers, and otherinstruments and equipment. She alsouses dyes, tints, bleaches, shampooingand rinsing solutions, and skin-conditioning lotions and creams.The Cosmetologist (Beauty Operator)

.Apprentice (See ApprenticeGeneralComments) learns to perform all thetasks of the Cosmetologist (BeautyOperator) within a given time.

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Characteristics of JobWork is steady through the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hour workweek.Work schedule usually includes lateafternoons and Saturdays. Work isperformed indoors in pleasantsurroundings.Some employers require you to furnishyour own work uniforms.Employer sometimes requires workersto have, or to acquire, their ownwork aids, such as brushes, combs,and clips.

1

QualificationsTo become a Cosmetologist (BeautyOperator), you must obtain a license inthe State in which you intend working.To become eligible to take the Stateexamination and thereby obtain yourlicense, you must successfullycomplete a State-approved cosmetologycourse in either a public vocationalschool or a private school, or youmust successfully complete anapprenticeship program. If you attendeither a public or a private schoolon a full-time basis, you can completeyour training within a period of 6to 9 months. In some public schoolsyou may be required to take academicsubjects required for a high schooldiploma. In this case, your trainingwould be from 2 to 3 years.Apprenticeship training usually con-tinues over a period of 1 to 2 years.In addition, you must be at least 16years of age, have a health certificate,and, generally, have at least aneighth grade education. In some Statesyou must have a 10th grade education.In a few States you must have a12th grade education.You must be physically able to standfor long periods of time and to workrapidly and accurately with yourhands and fingers when using brushes,combs, clippers, and other work aids.You must have good eyesight withnormal color vision to see differencesin various shades of hair and toapply color cosmetics.You must be friendly, tactful, neat, andhave a creative imagination to dealsuccessfully with customers.

Employment ProspectsThere

will be about 430,000 jobopenings for Cosmetologists (BeautyOperators) during the next 10 years.These job openings will come aboutbecause of the need to replaceworkers who will retire or leave theirjobs for other reasons and becauseof the need for more Cosmetologists(Beauty Opertors) to meet the needsof the growing population and theincreased attention people are givingto personal appearance. As a result,your chances of getting an apprentice-ship are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at shops or salons that. areoperated as independent establish-ments or in connection with hotelsor department stores, mostly in largecities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

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Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Cosmetologi!(Beauty Operator) you may advalteaching position in a cosmetoschool, to a position as a demonfor a manufacturer of cosmetica position as an inspector forcosmetology board, or by becorna manager of a shop or salon.Advancement may also come iform of higher wages.You may also go into businessyourself by opening your own

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loyment Prospectse will be about 430,000 job

-lings for Cosmetologists (Beautyators) during the next 10 years.

se job openings will come aboutause of the need to replacekers who will retire or leave their

for other reasons and becausehe need for more Cosmetologistsuty Opertors) to meet the needs

he growing population and theeased attention people are givingersonal appearance. As a result,chances of getting an apprentice-are very good.

s are found in nearly all communitiesin many establishments. Good

nces for finding employment willat shops or salons that arerated as independent establish-its or in connection with hotelsdepartment stores, mostly in largees.

s kind of work is available to bothand women.

apprenticeship training for thisd of work may be available throughr local State Employment Servicece under the Manpower Development

Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Cosmetologist(Beauty Operator) you may advance to ateaching position in a cosmetologyschool, to a position as a demonstratorfor a manufacturer of cosmetics, toa position as an inspector for a Statecosmetology board, or by becominga manager of a shop or salon.Advancement may also come in theform of higher wages.You may also go into business foryourself by opening your own shop.

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Finding the JobApply directly at any local independentbeauty shop or salon and also at theemployment or personnel office ofany local hotel, department store,specialty store, motion picture andtelevision studio, or hospital. Registerat your local State EmploymentService office. Ask your high schoolcounselor or beauty school instructorfor information. Contact local unionofficials for information. Read the adsin your daily newspapers.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 2 O.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:National Association of Cosmetology

Schools, Inc.3839 White Plains RoadBronx, N.Y. 10467National Hairdressers and

Cosmetologists Association175 Fifth AvenueNew York, N.Y. 10010

SERVICEOCCUPATIONS

dry-cleaner helper

Usual DutThe Dry-ClDry Cleandrapes, aperforms athem are:drycleanin,extractors,articles tohandtruck;such asrequire moobtained frusing bruscleaning filmachines; <cleaned ga

r helper

Usual DutiesThe Dry-Cleaner Helper assists theDry Cleaner to dryclean garments,drapes, and other materials. Heperforms a number of tasks. Some ofthem are: loading and unloadingdrycleaning and washing machines,extractors, and tumblers; movingarticles to and from machines, using ahandtruck; hand scrubbing articlessuch as shirts and raincoats (whichrequire more vigorous action thanobtained from wetcleaning machines),using brushes and soap solution;cleaning filters or drycleaningmachines; and sorting and distributingcleaned garments to pressers.

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Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a regular 5- or 6-day, 40-to 48-hour workweek. Work is per-formed indoors in a wet and humidatmosphere.

QualificationsTo become a Dry-Cleaner Helper, youmust complete a few weeks ofon-the-job training. You will be givenpreference for this job if you have ahigh school education, but it is notrequired. Courses in chemistry and anyvocational school or equivalent coursesin drycleaning and equipment main-tenance will be very useful to you.

You must be physically able to standand walk throughout the workday andto work rapidly and accurately withyour hands and fingers when loadingand unloading drycleaning machines,sorting garments, and cleaning filtersand oiling machines. You must havegood eyesight with normal colorvision to inspect, spot, and sortgarments.

Employment ProspectsThere will be thousands of job openingsfor Dry-Cleaner Helpers during thenext 10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire or leavetheir jobs for other reasons andbecause of the need for more Dry-Cleaner Helpers due to the increase inthe volume of business. As a result,your chances of getting a job are good.

Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at large drycleaning plants in largecities.As a student, you can usually obtainpart-time work at drycleaning plants in

the spring and fall when the businesswork load is at its peak.

Advancement OppcAs an experiencedyou may advance I

dry cleaner and six

Employment ProspectsThere will be thousands of job openingsfor Dry-Cleaner Helpers during thenext 10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire or leavetheir jobs for other reasons andbecause of the need for more Dry-Cleaner Helpers due to the increase inthe volume of business. As a result,your chances of getting a job are good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at large drycleaning plants in largecities.As a student, you can usually obtainpart-time work at dryc leaning plants inthe spring and fall when the businesswork load is at its peak.

4

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Dry-Cleaner Helper,you may advance to jobs such asdry cleaner and spotter.

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Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local dry-cleaning plant. Register at your localState Employment Service office. Askyour high school counselor forinformation. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:The National Institute of Dry Cleaning909 Burlington AvenueSilver Spring, Md. 20910

J,

SERVICEOCCUPATIONS

food-service workers:bus boy;car hop;counterman;fountainman

Usual DutiesThe Bus Boy czthe dining roonkeeps a supplytableware in tsupply of foodsHe also sets tabutter to custoand fruit juicesto run errands,with the cleaniThe Countermarcounter and stcafeteria or to clunchroom or c

cafeteria his duto serving foodment. In a lurhe takes ordersworkers in the kcustomers' checpayments. In siprepares sandwiother quick foolcigars, cigaretteThe Fountainmaand ice cream I

fountain.The Car Hop taorders at a drivEcarries them tothe trays of fooccars and fasten!doors. After the'takes the custonremoves the tray.

e workers :

Usual DutiesThe Bus Boy carries dirty dishes fromthe dining room to the kitchen. Hekeeps a supply of clean linens andtableware in the dining room and asupply of foods at the service bar.He also sets tables, serves water andbutter to customers, and makes coffeeand fruit juicer.. He may also haveto run errands, deliver foods, and helpwith the cleaning.The Counterman serves food from thecounter and steamtables in acafeteria or to diners at a counter in alunchroom or coffeeshop. In acafeteria his duties are usually limitedto serving food and cleaning equip-ment. In a lunchroom or coffeeshophe takes orders and calls them toworkers in the kitchen, makes upcustomers' checks, and may take theirpayments. In some places he alsoprepares sandwiches, salads, andother quick foods, and sells candy,cigars, cigarettes, and other items.The Fountainman prepares soft drinksand ice cream dishes at a sodafountain.The Car Hop takes the customers'orders at a drive-in restaurant, calls orcarries them to the kitchen, bringsthe trays of food to the customers'cars and fastens them onto the cardoors. After they have eaten, shetakes the customers' payments andremoves the trays and dirty dishes.

ri14 / :

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5- or 6-day, 40- to 48-hour workweek. Work schedule mayinclude evenings, nights, holidays, andweekends. Work is performed bothindoors and outdoors in all kinds cf'weather.Some employers require you to furnishyour own work uniforms.

QualificationsWhen applying for a job as a Food-Service Worker, you will be givenpreference if you have a high schooleducation, but it is not required. Inmany States you must be at least21 years of age if you intend workingwhere alcoholic beverages are served,or 18 years of age where food only isserved. In most States you must havea health certificate.You must be physically able to be onyour feet (either standing or walking)for long periods of time.You must be friendly, neat, andcourteous to deal successfully wiL;customers.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Food-Service Workersduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers who willleave their jobs for various reasonsand because of the need for moreFood-Service Workers due to theincreasing number of food-servingestablishments. As a result, yourchances of getting a job as a Food-Service Worker are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties. Good chances for findingemployment will be at chain or otherlarge restaurants and cafeterias inlarge cities.As a student you can usually obtainpart-time work and summer work ateating and drinking establishments inlarge cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.

...I,1101

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Food-Service 1you may advance to such jobswaiter or waitress, cashier, hosteand cook.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Food-Service Workersduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers who willleave their jobs for various reasonsand because of the need for moreFood-Service Workers due to theincreasing number of food-servingestablishments. As a result, yourchances of getting a job as a Food-Service Worker are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties. Good chances for findingemployment will be at chain or otherlarge restaurants and cafeterias inlarge cities.As a student you can usually obtainpart-time work and summer work ateating and drinking establishments inlarge cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Food-Service Worker,you may advance to such jobs aswaiter or waitress, cashier, hostess,and cook.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local restaurant,cafeteria, drive-in restaurant, drugstore, or establishment that has a sodafountain and lunchonette, such as adepartment store or variety store.Register at your local State Employ-ment Service office. Ask your highschool counselor for information. Readthe ads in your daily newspapers.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Educational DirectorNational Restaurant Association1530 North Lake Shore DriveChicago, III. 60610

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SERVICEOCCUPATIONS

laundry laborer

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Usual DutiesThe Laundry Laborer prepares laundryfor processing and distributes laundry.In doing this, he performs a varietyof duties. Some of them are:unloading soiled laundry from trucks;opening bundles of soiled laundry andplacing them on a conveyor belt ordropping them down a chute forlater distribution to other laundryworkers; weighing laundry bundles andrecording the weights on tickets;removing bundles from the conveyor,fastening identification pins to them,and distributing them to otherlaundry workers, using a handtruck;sorting net bags containing clean washaccording to identification tags, andsorting empty net bags according totheir color and size; and collectingidentification tags from lots oflaundered articles for re-use.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady through the year,usually with 5- or 6-day, 40- to 48-hour workweek. Work schedule mayinclude Saturdays. Overtime is usuallyavailable.Work is performed indoors in a hot,humid atmosphere and often involveshandling dirty and soiled objects.

QualificationsTo become a Laundry Laborer, you mustcomplete a few days of on-the-jobtraining. When applying for this job,you will be given preference if youhave a high school education, but it isnot required.You must be physically able to be onyour feet (either standing or walking)for long periods of time and to liftheavy bundles of laundry frequently.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Laundry Laborers duringthe next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers who willleave their jobs for various reasonsand because of the need for moreLaundry Laborers due to the increasingnumber of laundry establishments.As a result, your chances of getting ajob are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties. Good chances for findingemployment will be at large establish-ments in large cities.

Advancement OpportunitieAs an experienced Laundiyou may advance to a jobforeman over other laborerlarge establ ishment.

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Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Laundry Laborers duringthe next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers who willleave their jobs for various reasonsand because of the need for moreLaundry Laborers due to the increasingnumber of laundry establishments.As a result, your chances of getting ajob are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties. Good chances for findingemployment will be at large establish-ments in large cities.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Laundry Laborer,you may advance to a job as a workingforeman over other iaborers in alarge establishment.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local laundry.Register at your local State Employ-ment Service office. Ask your highschool counselor for information.Read the ads in your daily newspapers.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:The National Institute of Dry Cleaning909 Burlington AvenueSilver Spring, Md. 20910

SERVICEOCCUPATIONS

machine presser;hand presser

UsualThe Maliron anccleaningThe MacHe spreironed cof the rpressingand pussteam t(the articfrom thrack.The Harusing aat thethe articsmoothsAfter thhe pins

Usual DutiesThe Machine Presser and Hand Presseriron and press laundry and dry-cleaning articles.The Machine Presser uses a buck press.He spreads out the article to beironed onto the buck or padded tableof the machine. Then he pulls thepressing head down onto the articleand pushes a pedal or button to applysteam to the article. After pressingthe article completely, he removes itfrom the machine and hangs it on arack.The Hand Presser does similar work,using a hand iron. He sets the ironat the correct temperature, placesthe article in position, and thensmooths, shapes, and sprays the article.After this, he irons it. Sometimeshe pins or folds the ironed article.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with 5- or 6-day, 40- to 48-hourworkweek. Work is performed in anoisy, hot, and humid atmosphere.

QualificationsTo become a Machine Presser or aHand Presser, you must complete about3 months of on-the-job training. Toqualify for these jobs, you need nothave a high school education, but youwill be given preference if you have it.You must be physically able to be onyour feet (either standing or walking)for long periods of time and to workrapidly and accurately with yourhands and fingers when handlingmachine controls and moving laundryand drycleaning articles.

Employment ProspectsThere will be thousands of job openingsfor Machine Pressers and HandPressers during the next 10 years.These job openings will come aboutbecause of the need to replace workerswho will retire or leave their jobs forothr reasons and because of the needfor more Machine Pressers and HandPressers due to the increasing numberof laundry and drycleaning establish-ments. As a result, your chances ofgetting a job are good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties. Good chances for findingemployment will be at laundries anddrycleaning plants in large cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

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Advancement OpportunitieAs an experienced MachiHand Presser, you may aforeman or supervisory jpressers, especially in liestablishments.

Employment ProspectsThere will be thousands of job openings

t for Machine Pressers and HandPressers during the next 10 years.These job openings will come about

u because of the need to replace workerswho will retire or leave their jobs forothr reasons and because of the needfor more Machine Pressers and HandPressers due to the increasing numberof laundry and drycleaning establish-ments. As a result, your chances ofgetting a job are good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties. Good chances for findingemployment will be at laundries anddrycleaning plants in large cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

1

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Machine Presser orHand Presser, you may advance to aforeman or supervisory job over otherpressers, especially in largeestablishments.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local laundry,drycleaning plant, or establishmentconcerned with manufacture oralteration of wearing apparel. Registerat your local State EmploymentService office. Ask your high schoolcounselor for information. Read theads in your daily newspapers.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:The National Institute of Dry Cleaning909 Burlington AvenueSilver Spring, Md. 20910

SERVICEOCCUPATIONS

nurse aid;orderly

188,

Usual DutiesThe Nurse Aid and the Orderly workunder the direction of the nursing andmedical staff in a hospital. Theyanswer signal lights to find out whatpatients need. They also bathe, dress,and undress patients; drape them forexaminations and treatments; givealcohol rubs; and help them in and outof bed and to and from other hospitalsareas.

They carry meal trays and may feedthe patients if they cannot feedthemselves.

They also take and record patients'temperatures and pulses as requestedby physicians.

" 30

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hour workweek.Work schedule may include evenings,nights, holidays, and weekends.Work is performed indoors.Some employers require you to furnishyour own work uniforms.

QualificationsTo become a Nurse Aid or an Orderly,you must complete several months ofon-the-job training. To qualify forthese jobs, you usually must have ahigh school education. Courses in homenursing and first aid will be very usefulto you. You must be at least 17years of age. In all States you musthave a health certificate.You must be physically able to be onyour feet (either standing or walking)for long periods of time. You mustbe able to work rapidly and accuratelywith your hands and fingers when bathingand dressing or undressing patients.You must be friendly, neat, and tactfulto get along well with the patients.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of job .openings for Nurse Aids andOrderlies during the next 10 years.These job openings will come aboutbecause of the need to replace workerswho will retire or leave their jobsfor other reasons and because of theneed for more Nurse Aids andOrderlies to take care of the ever-increasing number of patients. As aresult, your chances of getting a jobare very good.Jobs are found in nearly an communi-ties. Good chances for findingemployment will be at hospitals inlarge cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiAs an experienced NurseOrderly, you may advanc.visory job over the otherOrderlies, especially in larWith further training incontrolled training courseof 1 year of specialized CIwork and clinical practirmay advance to a job aspractical nurse.

mployment Prospectshete will be many thousands of jobpenings for Nurse Aids andrdetlies during the next 10 years.hese job openings will come aboutecause of the need to replace workersho will retire or leave their jobs,t other reasons and because of theleed for more Nurse Aids andrdetlies to take care of the ever-Icreasing number of patients. As a_suit, your chances of getting a jobte very good.tbs ate found in nearly all communi-es. Good chances for findingmployment will be at hospitals inoge cities.his kind of work is available to both,en and women.raining for this kind of work may bevailable through }our local Statemployment Service office under theanpower Development and TrainingCt.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an eiperiented Nurse Aid orOrderly, you may advance to a super-visory job aver the other Nurse Aids andOrderlies, especially in large hospitals.With further training in State-controlled training course consistingof 1 year of specialized classroomwork and clinical practice work, youmay advance to a job as licensedpractical nurse.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel ofFce of any local hospital,nursing home, convalescent home,sanitorium, or medical clinic. Registerat your local State EmploymentService office. Ask your high schoolcounselor for information. (lead the!ads in your daily newspapers. Visitthe local office of the Civil ServiceCommission or your local post officeand ask for information.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Ameriran Hospital Association840 North Lake Shore DriveChicago, III. 61611

Department of Medicine and SurgeryVeterans AdministrationWashington, D.C. 20420

SERVICEOCCUPATIONS

policeman;police cadet

192

Usual DutiesThe Policeman has to preserve lawand order and protect people andtheir propedy. He patrols an assignedarea on foot, on horseback, on amotorcycle, or in a patrol cat toprevent crime and disturbances ofpeace. In patrolling his area, heobserves people and things and reportsany suspicious person or any hazardto the public safety to his supervisor.He also breaks up unruly crowds anddirects and reroutes traffic aroundfires and other causes of trafficdisruption. In case of an accident, herushes to the scene, renders first aid toinjured persons, and investigates thecauses and results of the accident.At other times he inspects licensedpublic establishments to insurecompliance with rules and regulations.On still other occasions he arrestspersons in the act of committing acrime. Very often he issues tickets totraffic violators. At the end of hisworkday he writes an activity reportand turns it in to his supervisingofficer.The Police Cadet in large citiesattends classes to learn about policework and also performs clerical andother tasks not directly related toenforcement work until he is 21 yearsof age. Then he joins the police force,usually as a patrolman.

1 3 3

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hour work-week and often includes evenings,nights, holidays, and weekends.Worker is usually required to be on24-hour call, and in an emergency hemay work long hours of overtime.Work is often performed outdoors inall kinds of weather.Work is dangerous because it involveschasing speeding motorists andcapturing lawbreakers.Employer usually provides specialallowances for uniforms and furnishesa revolver, night stick, handcuffs, andother required equipment.

QualificationsTo become a Policeman in a large city,you usually must complete severalweeks of classroom and on-the-jobtraining. In a small community youmay go through only 1 week ofon-the-job training. You generally musthave at least a high school education.A few cities require some collegetraining. Courses in English, Americanhistory, civics and government,business law, sociology, and physicswill be very useful to you. Physicaleducation and sports activities arealso helpful in developing the physicalstamina and agility needed in policework. You must pass written andphysical examinations given to youby your local office of the Civil ServiceCommission. You must be a U.S.citizen, 21 years of age, and able tomeet certain height and weightrequirements. You must be honest,show good judgment, and have a senseof responsibility.You do not have to wait until you're20 or 21 years of age to enter policework. You can become a Police Cadetwhile still in your teens.

Employment ProspectsThere rill be about 150,000 job open-ings kr Policemen during the next10 yea3. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasonsand because of the need for morePolicemen to safeguard a growingpopulation and its property. As aresult, your chances of getting a jobas a Police Cadet are very good.Jobs are found in practically allcommunities. Good thances forfinding employment will be in largecities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.

Advancement OpporlAs an experiencedadvance to the rankfrom that to sergeanhowever, you mustexamination. Youserving as a patrolnispecialized work, sicontrol, communicawork. M a Policeadvance to the ranisuccessful complet1program and at the

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Employment ProspectsThere will be about 150,000 job oPen-ings for Policemen during the next10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasonsand because of the need for morePolicemen to safeguard a growingpopulation and its property. As arestat, your chances of getting a jobas a Police Cadet are very good.Jobs are found in practically allcommunities. Good chances forfinding employment will be in largecities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Policeman, you mayadvance to the rank of corporal andfrom that to sergeant. To do so,however, you must pass a writtenexamination. You may also, afterserving as a patrolman, enter into morespecialized work, such as trafficcontrol, communications, or laboratorywork. As a Polite Cadet you willadvance to the rank of private uponsuccessful completion of your trainingprogram and at the age of 21.

Finding the JobVisit your local police department andask for information. Register at yourlocal State Employment Serviceoffice. Ask your high school counselorfor information. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers. Visit the localoffice of the Civil Service Commissionor your local post office and askfor information.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:International Association of Chiefs

of Police1319 113th Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20036

International Association ofWomen Police

100 North LaSalle StreetChicago, III. 60602

SERVICEOCCUPATIONS

waiter;waitress

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Usual DutiesThe Waiter or Waitress takes customers'orders, serves food and beverages,makes out checks, and sometimes takescustomers' payments. Their exactduties depend on the size and kind ofplace where they work.In small establishments, especiallythose that specialize in quick sarvice,they may set up and clear tables,carry dishes back to the kitchen, helpclean equipment, prepare sandwiches,collect money, and make change.In some formal restaurants they mayprepare salads and other food at thecustomers' tables, recommend wines,and see to the overall quality ofservice and food.

196

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hour work-week. Work schedule may includeevenings, nights, holidays, andweekends. Work is performed indoorsin pleasant surroundings.Some employers require you to furnishyour own work uniforms.

QualificationsTo become a Waiter or a Waitress, youmust complete a few weeks of on-the-job training. To qualify for thesejobs, you usually must have a highschool education. Courses in homeeconomics and special courses offeredby restaurant associations will bevery useful to you. You usually mustbe 21 or at least 18 years of age ifalcoholic beverages are served,depending on the requirements of theState in which you intend working.In all States you must have a healthcertificate.You must be physically able to beon your feet (either standing orwalking) for long periods of time.You must be neat, courteous, andtactful to deal successfully withcustomers.

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Employment ProspectsThere will be about 640,000 jobopenings for Waiters and Waitressesduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers who willleave their jobs for various reasonsand because of the need for moreWaiters and Waitresses due to theincreasing number of eating anddrinking establishments. As a result,your chances of getting a job aregood.

Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at restaurants in large cities.As a student you can usually obtainpart-time work and summer work atrestaurants in almost any community.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

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Employment ProspectsThere will be about 640,000 jobopenings for Waiters and Waitressesduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers who willleave their jobs for various reasonsand because of the need for moreWaiters and Waitresses due to theincreasing number of eating anddrinking establishments. As a result,your chances of getting a job aregood.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at restaurants in large cities.As a student you can usually obtainpart-time work and summer work atrestaurants in almost any community.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Waiter or Waitress,you may advance to such jobs asheadwaiter, captain, hostess or evencashier.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local restaurant,hotel, drugstore, or other establish-ment that serves food and drink.Register at your local State Employ-ment Service office. Ask your highschool counselor for information.Read the ads in your daily newspapers.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Educational DirectorNational Restaurant Association1530 North Lake Shore DriveChicago, III. 60610

FARMING,FISHERY,FORESTRY, ANDRELATED OCCUPATIONS

agricultural aid

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Usual I

The Agrworkerscernedvegeta bother kphasesHe feedHe prepWhen tqcollectsharvest5

He mayHe alsooffice o

Usual DutiesThe Agricultural Aid helps professionalworkers carry out experiments con-cerned with field crops, fruits,vegetables, livestock, poultry, andother kinds of farm products andphases of farming.He feeds, waters, and cares for animals.He prepares the soil and plants crops.When these crops are ready, hecollects and preserves the seed, andharvests, weighs, and stores the corps.He may also help keep records.He also may be required to help withoffice or sales work.

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Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a regular 5-day, 40-hourworkweek. Work is performed indoorsand outdoors in all kinds of weather.

QualificationsTo qualify as a beginning worker forthis job, you must have at least a highschool education. Courses in physical,chemical, biological, and agriculturalsciences will be very useful to you.You musZ be physically able to feed,water, and care for livestock; preparethe soil and plant crops; and harvestand store the crops when they areready. You must be able to workrapidly and accurately with your handsand fingers when helping the pro-fessional research workers carry outexperiments concerned with affphases of farming. You must have goodeyesight to weigh farm productsaccurately.You must be patient and able to carryout instructions accurately.

Employment ProspectsThere will be thousands of job openingsfor Agricultural Aids during the next10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire or leavetheir jobs for other reasons andbecause of the need for moreAgricultural Aids to assist the pro-fessional workers in the expectedgowth in agricultural researchactivities. As a result, your chancesof getting a job are good.Jobs are found in all communities andin many establishments. Good chancesfor finding employment will be atgovernment and private researchcenters in farm areas where they arelocated.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitAs an experienced Agricuyou may advance to a ssupervisory job over othAids. You may also easilyto other industries, suchjobs on large farms, anda farm manager.You may also g into byourself by establishingyour own farm, applyinhave learned by workinprofessional research wo

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Employment ProspectsThere will be thousands of job openingsfor Agricultural Aids during the next10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire or leavetheir jobs for other reasons andbecause of the need for moveAgricultural Aids to assist the pro-fessional workers in the expectedgowth in agricultural researchactivities. As a result, your chancesof getting a job are good.Jobs are found in all communities andin many establishments. Good chancesfor finding employment will be atgovernment and private researchcenters in farm areas where they arelocated.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Agricultural Aid,you may advance to a senior orsupervisory job over other AgriculturalAids. You may also easily transferto other industries, such as nonresearchjobs on large farms, and may becomea farm manager.You may also go into business foryourself by establishing and operatingyour own farm, applying skills youhave learned by working withprofessional research workers.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local countySoil Conservation Service office,Federal and State experiment station,private research center, or any privatebusiness concerned with agriculture,such as feed and seed companies,farmers' cooperatives, and companiesproducing livestock medicine.Register at your local State Employ-ment Service office. Ask your highschool counselor for information.Read the ads in your daily newspapers.Visit the local office of the CivilService Commission or your local postoffice and ask for information.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Office of PersonnelU.S. Department of AgricultureWashington, D.C. 20250

FARMING,FISHERY,FORESTRY, ANDRELATED OCCUPATIONS

farm hand

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Usual DutiesThe Farm Hand helps the farm operatoror supervisor to prepare andfertilize the soil; plant, care for, andharvest the crops; tend the livestockand poultry; and keep the farmmachinery, buildings, and fences ingood condition.He also operates tractors and towedmachinery to till soil and plant,cultivate, and harvest crops.On livestock farms, he feeds, moves,and handles the livestock, examinesthem for disease and injury, and putsmedications on cuts and bruises.He may also keep records on produc-tion, breeding, expenses, and income.

Characteristics of JobWork is seasonal and hours of workare long in busy seasons. Workschedule may include weekends,particularly on dairy, livestock, andpoultry farms. Modern brms nowprovide regular hours of work andvacations.For workers employed throughout theyear, housing, fuel, garden space, freshdairy products, and meat are oftenadded to cash wages. Work is performedmostly outdoors.

20 5

QualificationsTo qualify as a beginning worker forthis job, you must be in good healthand physically strong. Courses invocational agriculture and maintenanceand repair of farm machinery will bevery useful to you.You must be physically able to plow,plant, and harvest crops; tend live-stock and poultry; keep farmmachinery, buildings, and fences ingood condition; and work withhandtools and operate tractors andother farm machines. You must be ableto work rapidly and accurately withyour hands and fingers when usinghandtools such as shovels, rakes, andhoes when planting and caring forcrops, especially on smaller farms.You must have good eyesight tooperate tractors and other farmmachinery.

Employment ProspectsThere will be thousands of job openingsfor Farm Hands who can operate andcare for farm machinery and equip-ment during the next 10 years. Thesejob openings will come about becauseof the need to replace workers whoretire or leave their jobs for otherreasons and the need for more FarmHands to operate and care for theincreasing amount of farm machineryand equipment in use. As a result,your chances of getting a job are good.Jobs are found in all communities andin many establishments. Good .

chances for finding employment willbe at large farms or ranches inappropriate rural areas.As a student you can usually obtainpart-time work at large farms during thegrowing and harvesting seasons inany agricultural area.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women. Many of the largerfarms employ married couples.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Farm Hand,may advance to jobs as foremafarm manager and may superviseasonal workers.

Employment ProspectsThere will be thousands of job openingsfor Farm Hands who can operate andcare for farm machinery and equip-

ce ment during the next 10 years. Thesejob openings will come about becauseof the need to replace workers whoretire or leave their jobs for otherveasons and the need for more FarmHands to operate and care for theincreasing amount of farm machineryand equipment in use. As a result,your chances of getting a job are good.Jobs are found in all communities andin many establishments. Good .

chances for finding employment willbe at large farms or ranches inappropriate rural areas.As a student you can usually obtainpart-time work at large farms during thegrowing and harvesting seasons inany agricultural area.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women. Many of the largerfarms employ married couples.Training for this kind of work may beavaiiable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

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Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Farmmay advance to jobs asfarm manager and mayseasonal workers.

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Hand, youforeman andsupervise

Finding the JobApply directly to farmers and contactyour County Agricultural Agent.Register at your local State Employ-ment Service office. Ask your highschool counselor for information.Read the ads in your daily newspapers.Visit the local office of the CivilService Commission or your localpost office and ask for information.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Public Information OfficeU.S. Department of AgricultureWashington, D.C. 20250

4? 0 7.t/

FARMING,FISHERY,FURESTRY, ANDRELATED OCCUPATIONS

forester aid

208

Usual EThe Forprotect,observe !informaltrees, h(of treessurfacepurpose:seed! in:2

He usesmeasuritHe alsoreadingsrain gasrecorderHe also,regusaucanswersand its IdIn seasoand thinor leads

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Usual DutiesThe Forester Aid helps to inventory,protect, and reforest timberlands. Heobserves, measures, and writes downinformation such as the kinds oftrees, how much lumber certain groupsof trees will produce, what the groundsurface is like for logging or otherpurposes, and the death rate ofseedling trees.He uses a staff compass and chain formeasuring and mapping areas.He also collects and reports on thereadings of instruments such as therain gage, thermometer, stream flowrecorder, and soil moisture gage.He also helps to enforce the ruies andregu.auon or recreation areas andanswers questions abuut the forestand its wildlife.In season, he plants, sprays, prunes,and thins trees, patrols for fires,or leads a crew to fight forest fires.

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Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a regular 5-day, 40-hcurworkweek. Work is performed indoorsand outdoors in all kinds of weather.

203

QualificationsTo qualify as a beginning worker forthis job, you must have at least a highschool education. Courses inbiology, botany, drafting, mathematics,and plant science will be veryuseful to you. You will be required topass a competitive Civil Serviceexamination if you seek State or Federalemployment.You must be physically able to walkover rough ground, participate infighting forest fires, and work byyourself in lonely places for longperiods of time. You must be able towork rapidly and accurately withyour hands and fingers when usinghandtools to plant, spray, prune, andthin trees. You must have goodeyesight to report accurately on thereadings of instruments such as a raingage, thermometer, stream flowrecorder, and soil moisture gage. Youmust have a good sense of hearingto communicate with forest and parkvisitors when answering questionsabout the forest and its wildlife andwhen explaining rules and regulationsof recreation areas.You must be friendly, patient, tactful,and courteous to get along well withthe public.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 8,000 job openingsfor Forester Aids during the next10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons andbecause of the need for more ForesterAids due to the increasing demandfor forest products and recreationfacilities and the trend toward morescientific management of forest land.As a result, your chances of getting ajob are good.Jobs are found in many communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at private and government forestryservices in the southeast, northeast,and Pacific northwest areas of theUnited States.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Forester Aid, youmay advance to a job as forest crewsupervisor.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 8,000 job openingsfor Forester Aids during the next10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons andbecause of the need for more ForesterAids due to the increasing demandfor forest products and recreationfacilities and the trend toward morescientific management of forest land.As a result, your chances of getting ajob are good.Jobs are found in many communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at private and government forestryservices in the southeast, northeast,and Pacific northwest areas of theUnited States.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OppnrtunitiesAs an experienced Forester Aid, youmay advance to a job as forest crewsupervisor.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local loggingand sawmill company, private forestrymanagemwit group, and State andFederal forestry services. Registerat your local State EmploymentService office. Ask your high schoolcounselor, for information. Read theads in your daily newspapers. Visitthe local office of the Civil ServiceCommission or your local post officeand ask for information.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:U.S. Forest ServiceU.S. Department of AgricultureWashington, D.C. 20250

American Forest ProductsIndustries, Inc.

1816 N Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20036

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FARMING,FISHERY,FORESTRY, ANDRELATED OCCUPATIONS

nursery worker

Usual Out'The Nurseifor plants inursery. Hsprays, pruflowers, plztrees.He may allproducts 6and surrouburlap sosold.In additionsod and ga

Usual DutiesThe Nursery Worker grows and caresfor plants in a greenhouse or outsidenursery. He plants, transplants, weeds,sprays, prunes, grafts, and fertilizesflowers, plants, shrubs, and youngtrees.

He may also dig up and grade nurseryproducts and then wrap their rootsand surrounding balls of earth inburlap so that they can be shipped orsold.

In addition, he cuts, lifts, and replantssod and gathers and processes seeds.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a regular 5-day, 40-hourworkweek. Work schedule sometimesrequires longer hours during plantingseason and holidays. Work isperformed both indoors and outdoors.

2 1 3A:

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QualificationsTo qualify as a beginning worker forthis job, you usually must have a highschool education. Courses in biologyand vocational agriculture will bevery useful to you.You must be physically able to standand walk for long periods of time.In large nurseries you may be involvedwith such heavy work as tendingsoil-building crops and operatingmachinery to plow and cultivate thecrops. You must be able to workrapidly and accurately with your handsand fingers when using handtools toplant, transplant, weed, spray, prune,and graft flowers, plants, shrubs, andyoung trees. You must have goodeyesight with normal color vision todig up and grade nursery products tobe shipped.You must be friendly, patient, tactful,and courteous when dealing withcustomers.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Nursery Workers duringthe next 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of theneed to replace workers who willretire or leave their jobs for otherreasons and the need for moreNursery Workers to meet the increasingdeman8 for nursery products. As aresult, your chances of getting a jobare good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at nurseries in large cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Nursery Worker,you may advance to a job as foremwithin your company.

mployment Prospectshere will be many thousands of jobpenings for Nursery Workers duringhe next 10 years. These job openingsill come about because of theeed to replace workers who willetire or leave their jobs for othereasons and the need for moreursery Workers to meet the increasingemend for nursery products. As aesult, your chances of getting a jobre good.obs are found in nearly all communitiesnd in many establishments. Goodhances for finding employment wille at nurseries in large cities.his kind of work is available to both

nen and women.raining for this kind of work may be

wailable through your local Statemployment Service office under theanpower Development and Trainingct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Nursery Worker,you may advance to a job as foremanwithin your company.

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Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local nurseryand'greenhouse establishment, florist,and cemetery. Register at yourlocal State Employment Service office.Ask your high school counselor forinformation. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers. Visit the local officeof the Civil Service Commission oryour local post office and ask forinformation.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Public Information OfficeU.S. Department of AgricultureWashington, D.C. 20250American Association of Nurserymen835 Southern BuildingWashington, D.C. 20005

PROCESSINGOCCUPATIONS

coremaker;coremaker apprentice;coremaker helper

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Usual DutiesThe Coremaker makes sand cores thatare used in molds to form holes orhollows in metal castings. He firstcleans the core box with a blast ofcompressed air, then sprinkles partingsand on the inside of the box tomake it easy to remove the finishedcore, and partially fills the core boxwith sand. Next, he packs the sandin the core box by using his hands, ahand rammer, or an air rammer. Afterpacking this amount of sand, heinserts wires into the sand to makeit stay together more firmly. Followingthis, he adds more sand into the corebox and packs it into the desiredshape. He then overturns the corebox onto a metal plate and lifts the boxfrom the sand core. He patchescracked or chipped places on thecore and smooths any rough spotson it with a spoon and a trowel. Ifthe cores are large and heavy, a craneoperator moves the core boxes andcores.

The Coremaker Apprentice (SeeApprenticeGeneral Comments) learnsto perform all the tasks of theCoremaker within a given time.The Coremaker Helper assists the.Coremaker in making sand cares. Heperforms a number of tasks. Some ofthem are: carrying sand to the coreroom; piling cores on racks fordrying; and cleaning the work area.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a regular 5-day, 40-hourworkweek. Work is performed indoorsin a dusty, noisy, dirty, and hotenvironment.

QualificationsTo become a Coremaker, you musteither complete an apprenticeshipprogram that consists of 4 years ofrelated classroom instruction andon-the-job training or learn the workinformally by on-the-job training.To qualify for an apprenticeship pro-gram, you must have at least an eighthgrade education, although sometimesmore education is required. Coursesin mathmatics, shop drawing, andblueprint reading will be very usefulto you. You may be required to taketests to determine your aptitude forthe trade.As a helper your education is usuallynot important; to progress to better,higher level jobs, it is important.You must be physically able to liftand carry heavy objects, to stand forlong periods of time, to stoop, crouch,and kneel frequently, and to workrapidly and accurately with your handand fingers when using handtools.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 5,000 job openingsfor Coremakers during the next 10years. These job openings will comeabout mostly because of the need toreplace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons butalso because of a slight need for moreCoremakers to meet a moderateincrease in the use of cores. As aresult, your chances of getting anapprenticeship or a job as a helper areonly fair. Your best chance forfinding employment will be at industrialfoundries.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour State Employment Service officeunder the Manpower Development andTraining Act.

AdvancementAs an experiemay advanceAs an apprena journeymansuccessful corelated classon-the-job traAs a helper,advance to aCoremaker byeducation, anapprenticeshifor recognitio

aker, you mustapprenticeships of 4 years oftruction andlearn the work

cb training.)prenticeship pro-at least an eighthbugh sometimesequired. Coursesdrawing, andbe very useful

required to takeNur aptitude for

cation is usuallygress to better,s important.Ily able to liftcts, to stand forto stoop, crouch,and to work

y with your hand.ng handtools.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 5,000 job openingsfor Coremakers during the next 10years. These job openings will comeabout mostly because of the need toreplace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons butalso because of a slight need for moreCoremakers to meet a moderateincrease in the use of cores. As aresult, your chances of getting anapprenticeship or a job as a helper areonly fair. Your best chance forfinding employment will be at industrialfoundries.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour State Employment Service officeunder the Manpower Development andTraining Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Coremaker, youmay advance to a shop foreman.As an apprentice, you will advance toa journeyman Coremaker uponsuccessful completion of 4 years ofrelated classroom instruction andon-the-job training.As a helper, you can, if you wish,advance to a journeyman or skilledCoremaker by having the requirededucation, and then applying for anapprenticeship or asking your employerfor reccgnition as a trainee.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local foundry.Register at your local State Employ-ment Service office. Ask your highschool counselor for information.Contact local union officials forinformation. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 2 0.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Foundry Educational Foundation1138 Terminal TowerCleveland, Ohio 44113

National Foundry AFsociation9838 Roosevelt RoadP. 0. Box 7C3Westchester, Ill. 60156

21

PROCESSING Usual Duties

OCCUPATIONS The Molder makes sand rin producing metal castplaces the bottom half omolder; box (flask) and the botton

of the object to bemolder apprentice; patterna wood board or metal psprinkles or sprays a powmolder helper substance on the two parttheir sticking together.this, he puts sand aroundand into the flask, usinga shovel. Then he packsinto place by using handpneumatic (air pressure)He turns this half of theand places the top half ofand the other half of thetop of the lower half of tt-Then he again puts thesubstance on the patternsand, and packs it into plhe removes the pattern flower part of the flask, maand a channel in the moldhandtools, inserts a core inand puts the flask togetheHe then pours molten metthe hole and into the molcmolds are large and heavoperator moves flasks, pathboards, and molds.The Molder Apprentice (SeeGeneral Comments) leanform all the tasks of the twithin a given time.The Molder Helper assistsin making sand molds. Hea number of tasks. Somemoving sand, flasks, andmaterials in and around thby hand or by wheelbarroucart; putting flasks togethehandtools; and sweeping awork areas.

ma.

Usual DutiesThe Molder makes sand molds for usein producing metal castings. Heplaces the bottom half of a moldingbox (flask) and the bottom half of thepattern of the object to be made ontoa wood board or metal plate andsprinkles or sprays a powderedsubstance on the two parts to preventtheir sticking together. Followingthis, he puts sand around the patternand into the flask, using a scoop ora shovel. Then he packs the sandinto place by using hand rammers orpneumatic (air pressure) rammers.He turns this half of the mold overand places the top half of the flaskand the other half of the pattern ontop of the lower half of the mold.Then he again puts the powderedsubstance on the pattern, adds moresand, and packs it into place. Next,he removes the pattern from thelower part of the flask, makes a holeand a channel in the mold with hishandtools, inserts a core into the mold,and puts the flask together again.He then pours molten metal throughthe hole and into the mold. If themolds are large and heavy, a craneoperator moves flasks, patterns, supportboards, and molds.The Molder Apprentice (See ApprenticeGeneral Comments) learns to per-form all the tasks of the Molderwithin a given time.The Molder Helper assists the Molderin making sand molds. He performsa number of tasks. Some of them are:moving sand, flasks, and othermaterials in and around the foundryby hand or by wheelbarrow or push-cart; putting flasks together, usinghandtools; and sweeping and cleaningwork areas.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a regular 5-day, 40-hourworkweek. Work is performed indoorsin a dustry, noisy, dirty, and hotatmosphere.

QualificationsTo become a Molder you must eithercomplete an apprenticeship programthat consists of 4 years of relatedclassroom instruction and on-the-jobtraining or learn the work informallyby on-the-job training. To qualify foran apprenticeship program you musthave at least an eighth grade education.In many cases you must have a highschool education. Courses in mathe-matics, drafting, and vocational shopwork will be very useful to you.As a helper your education is usuallynot important; to progress to better,higher level jobs, it is important.You must be physically able to lift andcarry heavy objects; to stand for longperiods of time; to stoop, crouch, andkneel frequently; and to work rapidlyand accurately with your hands andfingers when using handtools.

222

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 9,000 job openingsfor Molders during the next 19 years.These job openings will come aboutmostly because of the need to replaceworkers who will retire or leave theirjobs for other reasons and alsobecause of the slight need for moreMolders to meet a moderate increasein th use of molds. As a result,your chances of getting an apprentice-ship or a job as a helper are only fair.Your best chance for finding employ-ment will be at industrial foundries.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

;

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 9,000 job openingsfor Molders during the next 10 years.These job openings will come aboutmostly because of the need to replaceworkers who will retire or leave theirjobs for other reasons and alsobecause of the slight need for moreMolders to meet a moderate increasein th use of molds. As a result,your chances of getting an apprentice-ship or a job as a helper are only fair.Your best chance for finding employ-ment will be at industrial foundries.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

ly

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Molder, you mayadvance to a job as foreman.As an apprentice, you will advance toa journeyman Molder upon successfulcompletion of 4 years of relatedclassroom instruction and on-the-jobtraining.As a helper, you can, if you wish,advance to a journeyman or skilledMolder by having the required educa-tion, and then applying for anapprenticeship or asking youremployer for recognition as a trainee.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local foundry.Register at your local State Employ-ment Service office. Ask your highschool counselor for information.Contact local union officials forinformation. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 2 O.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Foundry Educational Foundation1138 Terminal TowerCleveland, Ohio 44113

National Foundry Association9838 Roosevelt RoadWestchester, III. 60156

22 3

MACHINETRADESOCCUPATIONS

airplane mechanic;airplane-mechanic apprentice;airplane-mechanic helper

Usual DutiesThe Airplane Mechaiand overhauls aircrengines. He rebuireassembles partssuch as wings, fuselusing such tools asand acetylene weland rivet guns. In I

he examines it forand oil leaks and IIsounds of malfuncltests the engine inignition analyzer, ccand other testing eremoves the engineusing a hoist or adisassembles it, arilfor defects. He repthe defective partsand installs the engHe also repairs instelectrical wiring, r

hydraulic systems.The Airplane-Mechai(See A p p re n t iceGlearns to perform allAirplane Mechanic vThe Airplane-Mechaithe Airplane Mecharepairing, and overhand aircraft engine:number of tasks. Screplacing parts, suclspark plugs, and timechanics' handtoolparts with solvents;aircraft with a grew.

Dhanic;chanic apprentice;chanic helper

Usual DutiesThe Airplane Mechanic services, repairs,and overhauls aircraft and aircraftengines. He rebuilds, repairs, andreassembles parts of the airframe,such as wings, fuselage, and fuel tanks,using such tools as power shears, arcand acetylene welding equipment,and rivet guns. In repairing an engine,he examines it for cracked cylindersand oil leaks and listens to it forsounds of malfunctioning. He furthertests the engine in operation, usingignition analyzer, compression checker,and other testing equipment. Heremoves the engine from the aircraft,using a hoist or a forklift truck,disassembles it, and inspects its partsfor defects. He repairs or replacesthe defective parts and reassemblesand installs the engine in the aircraft.He also repairs instruments andelectrical wiring, pneumatic, andhydraulic systems.The Airplane-Mechanic Apprentice(See ApprenticeGeneral Comments)learns to perform all the tasks of theAirplane Mechanic within a given time.The Airplane-Mechanic Helper assiststhe Airplane Mechanic in servicing,repairing, and overhauling aircraftand aircraft engines. He performs anumber of tasks. Some of them are:replacing parts, such as control cables,spark plugs, and tires, usingmechanics' handtools; cleaning engineparts with solvents; and lubricatingaircraft with a grease gun.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hour work-week. Work schedule may includenights, holidays, and weekends. Workis performed indcors and outdoors inall kinds of weather.

QualificationsTo become an Airplane Mechanic, yot.,must complete an apprenticeshipprogram that consists of 3 or 4 yearsof related classroom instruction andon-the-job training or graduate froma mechanics school that is approved bythe Federal Aviation Agency. Toqualify for an apprenticeship program,you usually must have a high schoolor trade school education. Courses inmathematics, phys;cs, chemistry,and machine shop will be very usefulto you. You must be between 20and 30 years of age. You may berequired to take tests to determineyour aptitude for the trade. In mostStates you must have a license fromthe Federal Aviation Agency. Toobtain this license you must pass awritten examination and show that youcan do the work.As a helper your education is usuallynot important; to progress to better,higher level jobs, it is important.You must be physically able to climbladders when boarding and leavingan aircraft; to work in cramped placesand in awkward positions; and towork rapidly and accurately with yourhands and fingers when using handtools,measuring and testing instruments,and work aids.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 65,000 job openingsfor Airplane Mechanics during thenext 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of the needto replace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons andbecause of the need for AirplaneMechanics to service and repair theincreasing number of aircraft in use.As a result, your chances of getting anapprenticeship or a job as a helperare good.Jobs are found in many communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at main airline terminals in largecities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyotir local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Develop-ment and Training Act.

226

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Airplane Mectyou may advance to a lead mechor crew chief, and then to inslead inspector, and eventually tshop foreman.As an apprentice, you will advara journeyman Airplane Mechamsuccessful completion of 3 or 4of related classroom instructiofon-the-job training.As a helper; you can, if you wadvance to a journeyman or skAirplane Mechanic by having thirequired education, and then afor an apprenticeship or askiniemployer for recognition as a trz

//%5°.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 65,000 job openingsfor Airplane Mechanics during thenext 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of the needto replace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons andbecause of the need for AirplaneMechanics to service and repair theincreasing number of aircraft in use.As a result, your chances of getting anapprenticeship or a job as a helperare good.Jobs are found in many communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at main airline terminals in largecities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyotir local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Develop-ment and Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Airplane Mechanic,you may advance to a lead mechanicor crew chief, and then to inspector,lead inspector, and eventually to ashop foreman.As an apprentice, you will advance toa journeyman Airplane Mechanic uponsuccessful completion of 3 or 4 yearsof related classroom instruction andon-the-job training.As a helper; you can, if you wish,advance to a journeyman or skilledAirplane Mechanic by having therequired education, and then applyingfor an apprenticeship or asking youremployer for recognition as a trainee.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local airline,independent repair shop, air-taxi firm,aircraft manufacturing plant, andsome Federal Government agencies,such as the Navy, Air Force, andFederal Aviation Agency. Register atyour local State Employment Serviceoffice. Ask your high school counselorfor information. Contact local unionofficials for information. Read the adsin your daily newspapers. Visit thelocal office of the Civil ServiceCommission or your local post office andask for information.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 2 O.Information about job openings in aparticular airline and the qualificationsrequired may be obtained by writingto the personnel manager of thecompany. Addresses of individualcompanies are available from:Air Transport Association of America1000 Connecticut Avenue, NW.Washington, D.C. 20036Inquiries regarding jobs with theFederzi Aviation Agency should beaddressed to:Personnel OfficerFederal Aviation AgencyWashington, D.C. 20553

Information concerning FAA-approvedschools offering training for work as anairplane mechanic, pilot, or in othertechnical fields related to aviationmay be obtained from:Information Retrieval BranchFederal Aviation AgencyWashington, D.C. 20553

MACHINETRADESOCCUPATIONS

automobile mechanic;automobile-mechanic apprentice;automobile-mechanic helper

Usual DutiesThe Automobikautomobiles, Ixautomotive vehdescription ofdriver, then insdetermine theHe also listensmotor, and drivtrouble. In insihe uses many ,such as compreanalyzers. He runit, take it apinspect its partmicrometers, czgages. Then hedefective parts,or gears. He aNas crankshaftsusing lathes, stand welding ecignition andand readjusts thends, and replaThe Automobi le(See Apprenticelearns to perforiAutomobile Mectime.The Automobileassists the Aulrepairing autonperforms a nunthem are: raislvehicles by meremoving and cusing handtoolsand parts with

tchanic;:chanic apprentice;;chanic helper

Usual DutiesThe Automobile Mechanic repairsautomobiles, buses, trucks, and otherautomotive vehicles. He first gets adescription of the difficulty from thedriver, then inspects the vehicle todetermine the cause of the trouble.He also listens to the sound of itsmotor, and drives it to help locate thetrouble. In inspecting and testing,he uses many kinds of equipment,such as compression gages and motoranalyzers. He may remove a faultyunit, take it apart with handtools, andinspect its parts for wear withmicrometers, calipers, and thicknessgages. Then he repairs or replacesdefective parts, such as pistons, rods,or gears. He also rebuilds parts suchas crankshafts and cylinder blocks,using lathes, shapers, drill presses,and welding equipment. He rewiresignition and lighting systems, relinesand readjusts the brakes, alines frontends, and replaces shock absorbers.The Automobile-Mechanic Apprentice(See ApprenticeGeneral Comments)learns to perform all the tasks of theAutomobile Mechanic within a giventime.

The Automobile-Mechanic Helperassists the Automobile Mechanic inrepairing automotive vehicles. Heperforms a number of tasks. Some ofthem are: raising and loweringvehicles by means of hydraulic jacks;removing and disassembling units,using handtools; and cleaning unitsand parts with solvents.

223

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hour work-week. Work schedule may includenights and weekends.Employer usually requires workers tohave, or to acquire, their own hand-tools. Employer usually furnishes workuniforms.

4

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QualificationsTo become an Automobile Mechanic,you must either complete an apprentice-ship program that consists of from3 to 4 years of related classroominstruction and on-the-job training orlearn the work informally by on-the-jobtraining. To qualify for an apprentice-ship program, you usually must havea high school education. Courses inscience, mathematics, English, andautomobile repair work will be veryuseful to you.You usually must have a driver'slicense.As a helper your education is usuallynot important; to progress to better,higher level jobs, it is importantYou must be physically able to liftheavy objects, to work in awkwardpositions, and to work rapidly andaccurately with hands and fingerswhen using tools and other work aids.You must have a good sense of hearingto listen to the sounds of motors infinding defects in them.

231)

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 200,000 jobopenings for Automobile Mechanicsduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about becauseof the need to replace workers whowill retire or leave their jobs for otherreasons and because of the need formore Automobile Mechanics to meetthe demand caused by more auto-mobiles and new automobiles withadditional features. As a result, yourchances of getting an apprenticeshipor a job as a helper are very good.Preapprenticeship training for this kindof work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Develop-ment and Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced AutomobilMechanic, you may advance tforeman or to a service manalarge repair shop.You may also go into busineyourself by opening your ovvshop or gasoline station.As an apprentice, you will adva journeyman Automobile Meupon successful completion3 to 4 years of related classrinstruction and on-the-job tra

As a helper, you can, if youadvance to a journeyman orAutomobile Mechanic by havrequired education, and thenfor an apprenticeship or askinemployer for recognition as a

//7

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 200,000 jobopenings for Automobile Mechanicsduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about becauseof the need to replace workers whowill retire or leave their jobs for otherreasons and because of the need formore Automobile Mechanics to meetthe demand caused by more auto-mobiles and new automobiles withadditional features. As a result, yourchances of getting an apprenticeshipor a job as a helper are very good.Preapprenticeship training for this kindof work may be aVailable throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Develop-ment and Training Act.

ra,

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced AutomobileMechanic, you may advance to aforeman or to a service manager in alarge repair shop.You may also go into business foryourself by opening your own repairshop or gasoline station.As an apprentice, you will advance toa journeyman Automobile Mechanicupon successful completion of from3 to 4 years of related classroominstruction and on-the-job training.

As a helper, you can, if you wish,advance to a journeyman or skilledAutomobile Mechanic by having therequired education, and then applyingfor an apprenticeship or asking youremployer for recognition as a trainee.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any localindependent repair shop, new or usedcar or truck dealer, taxicab orautomobile leasing company, garageor establishment where a fleet ofvehicles is maintained, and at somedepartment stores. Register at yourlocal State Employment Service office.Ask your high school counselor forinformation. Contact local unionofficials for information. Read the adsin your daily newspapers. Visit thelocal office of the Civil ServiceCommission or your local post officeand ask for information.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 2 O.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Automotive Services Industry

Association168 North Michigan AvenueChicago, III. 60601

Independent Garage Owners ofAmerica, Inc.

343 South Dearborn St.Chicago, III. 60604

National Automobile Dealers Association2000 K Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20006

a.;

MACHINETRADESOCCUPATIONS

cylinder-press man;cylinder-press-man apprentice

1/1

Usual DutiesThe Cylinder-Press Man operates acylinder-type printing press. First, hechecks the size, color, and type ofpaper and color of ink to be used fromthe job order. Then he cleans theinking rollers with solvent andreplaces them in the press, usinghandtools. Next, he adjusts controlsto regulate the flow of ink and packsthe impression cylinder with tissueor folio. Then, he adjusts the deliverytapes and positions and locks forms(type setup or plate) on the bed ofthe press. He starts the press, runsoff a proofsheet, and examines it todetermine off-level areas, irregularinking, and other flaws. He thenmakes readjustments to correct theirregularities. He sets an automaticcounter to make sure that the correctnumber of sheets will be printed,and starts press. During the ruri heconstantly checks the printed matterto see that it is clear, lined up straight,that ink is not blotting, and thatthe colors line up properly.The Cylinder-Press-Man Apprentice(See ApprenticeGeneral Comments)learns to perform all the tasks of theCylinder-Press Man within a giventime.

23

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hour workweek.Work schedule may include evenings,nights, holidays, and weekends.Overtime is usually available.Work is performed indoors in noisysurroundings.

14

QualificationsTo become a Cylinder-Press Man, youmust either complete an apprentice-ship program that consists of 4 or5 years of related classroom instructionand on-the-job training or learn thework informally by on-the-job training.To qualify for an apprenticeshipprogram, you usually must have a highschool education. Courses inchemistry and physics will be veryuseful to you. You must take teststo determine your aptitude for thework.You must be physically able to standfor long periods of time and to liftheavy type forms and press plates andto work rapidly and accurately withyour hands and finger: when usinghandtools. You must have goodeyesight with normal color vision towork on color presses.

Employment ProspectsThere will be thousands of job openingsfor Cylinder-Press Men during thenext 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of the needto replace workers who will retireor leave their jobs for other reasonsand because of the need for moreCylinder-Press Men to meet thedemands of the increasing use of colorin printing by newspapers and otherprinting media. As a result, yourchances of getting zn apprenticeshipare good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at newspapers in large cities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Cylinder-Pressyou may advance to pressman-ircharge of a newspaper or commcprinting shop.As an apprentice, you will advarto a journeyman Cylinder-Pressupon successful completion of5 years of related classroom instiand on-the-job training.

ployment Prospectsre will be thousands of job openingsCylinder-Press Men during thet 10 years. These job openings

I come about because of the need

replace workers who will retireleave their jobs for other reasons

because of the need for moreUnder-Press Men to meet the

ands of the increasing use of colorprinting by newspapers and othernting media. As a result, yournces of getting an apprenticeshipgood.

s are found in nearly all communitiesd in many establishments. Goodances for finding employment willat newspapers in large cities.apprenticeship training for thisd of work may be available throughr local State Employment Service

ice under the Manpower Developmentd Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Cylinder-Press Man,you may advance to pressman-in-charge of a newspaper or commercialprinting shop.As an apprentice, you will advanceto a journeyman Cylinder-Press Manupon successful completion of 4 or5 years of related classroom instructionand on-the-job training.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local news-paper or commercial printing shop.Register at your local State Employ-ment Service office. Ask your highschool counselor for information.Contact local union officials forinformation. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers. Visit the localoffice of the Civil Service Commissionor your local post office and ask forinformation.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 2 O.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:International Printing Pressmen and

Assistants' Union of North AmericaPressmen's Home, Tenn. 37850

Printing Industries of America, Inc.20 Chevy Chase Circle NW.Washington, D.C. 20015

MACHINETRADESOCCUPATIONS

diesel mechanic;diesel-mechanic apprentice;diesel-mechanic helper

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anic;hanic apprentice;hanic helper

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Usual DutiesThe Diesel Mechanic repairs dieselengines that are used to power buses,ships, trucks, railroad trains, electricgenerators, construction equipment,and other machines. He first determineswhy the engine is not working right byinspecting and testing its parts. Indoing this, he uses such testingdevices as a dynamometer and a specialfuel injection testing instrument. Afterlocating the cause of the trouble, herepairs or replaces defective parts andmakes adjustments. If necessary, hemakes replacement parts, usinggrinders, drills, and lathes. Often heremoves an engine from a machine,using powered hoists, and takes it apartwith handtools. Then he examines itfor defects, repairs or replaces anydefective parts, and puts it back intothe machine.

The Diesel-Mechanic Apprentice (SeeApprenticeGeneral Comments) learnsto perform all the tasks of the DieselMechanic within a given time.The Diesel-Mechanic Helper assists theDiesel Mechanic in repairing dieselengines. He performs a number oftasks. Some of them are: dismantlingmotors, using handtools; cleaning parts,tools, and work areas; getting partsfrom stock and handing them and toolsto the mechanic; and assemblingcertain parts of motor.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5- or 6-day, 40- to48-hour workweek. Work schedule mayinclude evenings, nights, and weekends.Workers may be required to be on callin case of emergency. Overtime isusually available.Work is performed indoors and outdoorsin all kinds of weather and ofteninvolves handling dirty and greasyobjects.Some employers require you to furnishyour own work uniforms. Employerusually requires workers to have, or toacquire, their own handtools.

Z07TiV/7

QualificationsTo become a Diesel Mechanic, you musteither complete an apprenticeshipprogram that consists of 3 to 4 yearsof related classroom instruction andon-the-job training or learn the workinformally by on-the-job training. Toqualify for an apprenticeship program,you usually must have a high schooleducation. Courses in science,mathematics, machine shop work, andautomobile repair work will be veryuseful to you. You may be required totake tests to determine your aptitudefor the work.As a helper your education is usuallynot important; to progress to better,higher level jobs, it is important.You must be physically able to lift andcarry heavy automotive parts, to workin cramped places and in awkwardpositions, and to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands and fingerswhen using handtools.

2380

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 44,000 jobopenings for Diesel Mechanics duringthe next 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of the peed toreplace workers who will retire or leavetheir jobs for other reasons and becauseof the need for more Diesel Mechanicsto meet the growing use of dieselengines to power vehicles andmachinery. As a result, your chancesof getting an apprenticeship or a jobas a helper are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties and in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment will bein large States where high levels ofconstruction, commercial, industrial,and farming activity have resulted in

the use of great numbers of diesel-powered machines.Preapprenticeship training for this kindof work may be available through yourlocal State Employment Service officeunder the Manpower Development andTraining Act.

Advancement OppAs an experiencetyou may advanceforeman, or servtorganizations thatlarge fleets of dieequipment.As an apprentice,a journeyman Di(successful complcof related classroon-the-job traininAs a helper, youadvance to a jou,Diesel Mechanic Ieducation, and thapprenticeship or'for recognition ao

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Employment ProspectsThere will be about 44,000 jobopenings for Diesel Mechanics duringthe next 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire cir leavetheir jobs for other reasons and becauseof the need for more Diesel Mechanicsto meet the growing use of dieselengines to power vehicles andmachinery. As a result, your chancesof getting an apprenticeship or a jobas a helper are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties and in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment will bein large States where high levels ofconstruction, commercial, industrial,and farming activity have resulted inthe use of great numbers of diesel-powered machines.Preapprenticeship training for this kindof work may be available through yourlocal State Employment Service officeunder the Manpower Development andTraining Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Diesel Mechanic,you may advance to a leaderman,foreman, a service manager inorganizations that operate or repairlarge fleets of diesel-poweredequipment.As an apprentice, you will advance toa journeyman Diesel Mechanic uponsuccessful completion of 3 or 4 yearsof related classroom instruction andon-the-job training.As a helper, you can, if you wish,advance to a journeyman or skilledDiesel Mechanic by having the requirededucation, and then applying for anapprenticeship or asking your employerfor recognition as a trainee.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local firm thatuses or services diesel-poweredequipment; distributor or dealer thatsells diesel engines, farm andconstruction equipment, and trucks;independent repair shop; manufacturerof diesel engines; or a company orgovernment agency that repairs andmaintains its own diesel-poweredequipment. Register at your localState Employment Service office. Askyour high school counselor or tradeschool instructor for information.Contact local union officials forinformation. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers. Visit the local officeof the Civil Service Commission or yourlocal post office and ask for information.For more information on apprenticeshipjobs, see page 2 0.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:International Association of Machinists

and Aerospace Workers1300 Connecticut Avenue, NW.Washington, D.C. 20036

Amalgamated Transit Union5025 Wisconsin Avenue, NW.Washington, D.C. 20016

Sheet Metal Workers' InternationalAssociation

1000 Connecticut Avenue, NW.Washington, D.C. 20036

International Union, UnitedAutomobile, Aerospace andAgricultural Implement Workers ofAmerica

8000 East Jefferson AvenueDetroit, Mich. 48214

Pasi

MACHINETRADESOCCUPATIONS

gas-appliance serviceman;gas-appliance-serviceman helper

2,43

Usual DutiesThe Gas-Appliancland repairs gas rnranges, heaters, acustomer's establidrives a truck to tequipment, and alcustomer's establlmeasures, cuts, aconnects it to thiequipment or app'pipecutter, threadNext, he tests anand equipment tcfaulty pipe connecdetermine the prgas, using suchmanometers, voltbustible gas indicdismantles metersreplaces defectiveusing handtools.The Gas-AppliancEassists the Gas-Apiin installing and I

regulators, rangesrefrigerators. Heof tasks. Some ofporting tools, partappliances from Iesta bl ishment, usidismantling meter;replacing defectiveusing handtools.

nee serviceman;ce-serviceman helper

Usual DutiesThe Gas-Appliance Serviceman installsand repairs gas meters, regulators,ranges, heaters, and refrigerators incustomer's establishment. First, hedrives a truck to transport spare parts,equipment, and appliances to thecustomer's establishment. Then, hemeasures, cuts, and threads pipe andconnects it to the feeder line andequipment or appliance, using a rule,pipecutter, threader, and wrench.Next, he tests and examines pipelinesand equipment to locate leaks andfaulty pipe connections and todetermine the pressure and flow ofgas, using such instruments asmanometers, voltmeters, and com-bustible gas indicators. Lastly, hedismantles meters and regulators andreplaces defective pipes and parts,using handtools.The Gas-Appliance-Serviceman Helperassists the Gas-Appliance Servicemanin installing and repairing gas meters,regulators, ranges, heaters, andrefrigerators. He performs a numberof tasks. Some of them are: trans-porting tools, parts, equipment, andappliances from truck to customer'sestablishment, using handtruck;dismantling meters and regulators; andreplacing defective pipes and parts,using handtools.

241

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hour work-week. Work schedule may includeevenings, nights, holidays, andweekends. Overtime is usually avail-able. Work is performed indoors inpleasant surroundings.

QualificationsTo become a Gas-Appliance Serviceman,you must complete from 6 to 12months of classroom and on-the-jobtraining. To qualify as a trainee forthis job, you usually must have a highschool education or its equivalent.Courses in mathematics and physicswill be very useful to you.As a helper your education is usuallynot important; to progress to better,higher level jobs, it is important.You must be physically able to workin narrow spaces and in crampedpositions and to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands and fingerswhen using handtools. You must havegood eyesight with normal colorvision to install and repair color-codedwires in gas appliances according tospecifications.You must be friendly, neat, andcourteous in order to get along wellwith customers.

242

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Gas-Appliance Servicemenduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers who willretire or leave their jobs for otherreasons and because of the need formore Gas-Appliance Servicemen toservice and repair the ever-increasingnumber of coin-operated washing anddrycleaning machines and householdappliances. As a result, your chancesof getting a job as a helper are verygood.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at independent service and repairshops in large cities.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiAs an experienced Gas-AServiceman, you may advas foreman or service ma large repair shop or serYou may also go intoyourself by opening yoursales, service, or repairAs a helper, you can, if yadvance to a skilled GaServiceman by having theducation and then askiemployer for recognition

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Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Gas-Appliance Servicemenduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers who willretire or leave their jobs for otherreasons and because of the need formore Gas-Appliance Servicemen toservice and repair the ever-increasingnumber of coin-operated washing anddrycleaning machines and householdappliances. As a result, your chancesof getting a job as a helper are verygood.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at independent service and repairshops in large cities.Training for this kind of work may beavailable through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

242

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Gas-ApplianceServiceman, you may advance to a jobas foreman or service manager ofa large repair shop or service center.You may also go into business foryourself by opening your own appliancesales, service, or repair shop.As a helper, you can, if you wish,advance to a skilled Gas-ApplianceServiceman by having the requirededucation and then asking youremployer for recognition as a trainee.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any localindependent gas-appliance repair shop,service company, or utility company,department store that sells and servicesgas appliancec, or manufacturer ordealer of gas appliances. Register atyour local State Employment Serviceoffice. Ask your high school counselorfor information. Contact local unionofficials for information. Read theads in your daily newspapers. Visitthe local office of the Civil ServiceCommission or your local post office andask for information.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Institute of Appliance Manufacturers2000 K Street, NW.Suite 455Washington, D.C. 20006

American Home Laundry Manu-facturers' Association

364 Merchandise MartChicago, III. 60654

ty

MACHINETRADESOCCUPATIONS

machinist;machinist apprentice

Z

/.7

Usual DutiesThe Machinismany kindsto make andand machineblueprints, sktions to obtadevice to behe lays outindicate whermachining issquares, tempsimilar instrumental stockcutting toolssuch machinemilling machiadjusts the wcutting toolspositions. Hemachine to sspeed, and destarts the maaction, stoppito regulate ththe cutting toohas been cornmeasures it fspec ifications,gages, and otments. He theworkpieces intThe MachinistticeGeneralperform all thwithin a given

entice

Usual DutiesThe Machinist sets up and operatesmany kinds of metalworking machinesto make and repair metal parts, tools,and machines. First, he studiesblueprints, sketches, or other specifica-tions to obtain information on thedevice to be made or repaired. Thenhe lays out the metal stock toindicate where and how muchmachining is needed, using rules,squares, templates, scribers, and othersimilar instruments. He puts themental stock or workpiece and thecutting tools into holding devices ofsuch machines as drill presses, lathes,milling machines, and grinders, andadjusts the workpiece and thecutting tools into their correctpositions. He moves controls on themachine to set the feed rate, cuttingspeed, and depth of cut. Then hestarts the machine and observes itsaction, stopping it whenever necessaryto regulate the position and action ofthe cutting tool. When the workpiecehas been completely machined, hemeasures it for agreement with thespecifications, using micrometers,gages, and other precision instru-ments. He then assembles theworkpieces into a unit, using handtools.The Machinist Apprentice (See Appren-ticeGeneral Comments) learns toperform all the tasks of the Machinistwithin a given time.

2,43

-"

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a regular 5-day, 40-hourworkweek. Work is performed indoorsin a noisy atmosphere.

QualificationsTo become a Machinist, you must eithercomplete an apprenticeship programthat consists of 4 years of relatedclassroom instruction and on-the-jobtraining or learn the work informallyby on-the-job training. To qualifyfor an apprenticeship program, youusually must have a high schcoleducation or its equivalent. Coursesin mathematics, physics, drafting,and shopwork in vocational schoolwill be very useful to you. You maybe required to take tests to determineyour aptitude for the work.You must be physically able to standfor long periods of time and to workrapidly and accurately with yourhands and fingers when using hand-tools and marking instruments. Youmust have good eyesight to readscales on precision-measuringinstruments.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Machinists during thenext 10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons andbecause of the need for moreMachinists to make and repair theincreasing number of complexmachinery, equipment, and tools. As

a result, your chances of getting anapprenticeship are very good.Jobs are found in many communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment will bein machine and maintenance shopsin industrial establishments locatedin large cities.Preapprenticeship training for this kindof work may be available through yourlocal State Employment Service officeunder the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

246

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Machimay advance to a job as foWith more training in desigmay become a tool-and-di-an instrument maker. Yougo into business for yoursopening your own machineAs an apprentice, you will aa journeyman Machinist upful completion of 4 years oclassroom instruction andtraining.

/9

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Machinists during thenext 10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons andbecause of the need for moreMachinists to make and repair thein0easing number of complexmachinery, equipment, and tools. Asa result, your chances of getting anapprenticeship are very good.Jobs are found in many communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment will bein machine and maintenance shopsin industrial establishments locatedin large cities.Preapprenticeship training for this kindof work may be available through yourlocal State Employment Service officeunder the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

, r.-

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Machinist, youmay advance to a job as foreman.With more training in design work, youmay become a tool-and-die maker oran instrument maker. You may alsogo into business for yourself byopening your own machine shop.As an apprentice, you will advance toa journeyman Machinist upon success-ful completion of 4 years of relatedclassroom instruction and on-the-jobtraining.

blaa.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local metal-working factory, independent machineshop, and some Federal Governmentinstallations, such as the Navy Yard.Register at your local State Employ-ment, Service office. Ask your highschool counselor for information.Contact local union officials forinformation. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers. Visit the local officeof the Civil Service Commission oryour local post office and ask forinformation.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 2 O.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:The National Machine Tool Builders

Association2139 Wisconsin Avenue, NW.Washington, D.C. 20007International Association of Machinists

and Aerospace Workers1300 Connecticut Avenue, NW.Washington, D.C. 20036

r% -.4f "

MACHINETRADESOCCUPATIONS

metal patternmaker;metal-patternmaker apprentice

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aker;aker apprentice

Usual DutiesThe Metal Patternmaker fabricatesmetal patterns and core boxes for usein making molds in which metalcastings are formed. He studiesblueprints of the object to be cast tolearn about its size, shape, and kindof material required. Then he com-putes the dimensions of the pattern tobe made and plans the steps oroperations needed to shape and reducethe metal stock to the requiredsize and shape. Next, he measures,marks, and scribes the metal stock toindicate cutting and assembling linesand points and how much metal toremove. After preparing the metalstock, he sets up and operatesmachine tools, such as millingmachines, lathes, drill presses, andgrinders to cut and reduce the stockto the specifications. If necessary, hefiles, scrapes, or grinds the machinedworkpiece by hand to finish it. Veryoften he assembles machined partsinto a whole pattern, using handtooSs.Lastly, but also during his otherwork, he measures the parts orpattern to make sure that it agreeswith the blueprint specifications.In measuring the workpiece, he usestemplates and other instruments suchas scales, calipers, and micrometers.The Metal-Pattemmaker Apprentice(See ApprenticeGeneral Comments)learns to perform all the tasks of theMetal Pattemmaker within a giventime.

245

Characteristics et JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a regular 5-day, 40-hourworkweek. Work is performed indoors,usually in a dusty, noisy, dirty,and hot environment.

QualificationsTo become a Metal Pattemmaker, youmust either complete an apprentice-ship program that consists of 5 yearsof related classroom instruction andon-the-job training or learn the workinformally by on-the-job training. Toqualify for an apprenticeship program,you generally must have at least ahigh school education. Courses inmathematics, drafting, and machine-shop work in a vocational schoolwill be very useful to you. You may berequired to take tests to determineyour aptitude for the work.You must be physically able to be onyour feet (either standing or walking)for long periods of time; to stoop,crouch, and kneel frequently; and towork rapidly and accurately with yourhands and fingers when using hand-tools and measuring instruments andwhen moving controls on machines.You must have good eyesight to makeprecise measurements of machinedparts.

2 5 0

Employment ProspectsThere will be a few thousand jobopenings for Metal Patternmakersduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about mostlybecause of the need to replace workerswho will retire or leave their jobs forother reasons but also because of theneed for more Metal Patternmakersto meet a slight increase in the useof metal patterns. As a result, yourchances of getting an apprenticeshipare only fair.Good chances for finding employmentwill be in industrial foundries.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

Advancement OppoAs an experiencedyou may advanceforeman. You mayto other jobs, sucha layout man in aAs an apprentice, !

to a journeyman fi

upon successful ccof related classrooion-the-job training

z

mployment Prospectshere will be a few thousand jobpenings for Metal Patternmakersuring the next 10 years. These jobpenings will come about mostlyecause of the need to replace workersho will retire or leave their jobs forther reasons but also because of theeed for more Metal Patternmakerso meet a slight increase in the usef metal patterns. As a result, your

tances of getting an apprenticeshipre only fair.ood chances for finding employmentill be in industrial foundries.reapprenticeship training for thisind of work may be available throughour local State Employment Serviceffice under the Manpower Developmentnd Training Act.

-

Advancement OppodunitiesAs an experienced Metal Patternmaker,you may advance to a foundryforeman. You may also easily transferto other jobs, such as a machinist ora layout man in a machine shop.As an apprentice, you will advanceto a journeyman Metal Patternmakerupon successful completion of 5 yearsof related classroom instruction andon-the-job training.

-

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local foundryplant. Register at your local StateEmployment Service office. Ask yourhigh school counselor for information.Contact local union officials forinformation. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 20.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Foundry Educational Foundation1138 Terminal TowerCleveland, Ohio 44113

National Foundry Association9838 Roosevelt RoadP. 0. Box 76Westchester, III. 60156

MACHINETRADESOCCUPATIONS

office-machine serviceman;office-machine-servicemanapprentice!..ofb

hine serviceman;hine-serviceman

Usual Duties

The Office-Machine Serviceman repairsand services office machines, such asadding, accounting, and calculatingmachines, and typewriters. He firstoperates a defective machine to testits moving parts and to listen to itssounds to locate the cause of trouble.After locating the cause, he dismantlesthe machine and examines the partsfor wear and defects, using microm-eters. He then repairs, adjusts, orreplaces the faulty parts, usinghandtools, power tools, and solderingand welding equipment. He alsocleans and oils its moving parts.The Office-Machine-Serviceman Appren-tice (See ApprenticeGeneralComments) learns to perform all thetasks of the Office-Machine Servicemanwithin a given time.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a regular 5-day, 40-hourworkweek. Work is performed indoorsin pleasant surroundings. Job mayrequire you to be bonded.Employer usually furnishes worktools.Employer may require you to own orto have the use of a car.

4n n400 4

QualificationsTo become an Office-Machine Service-man, you must either complete anapprenticeship program that consistsof 2 to 4 years of related classroominstruction and on-the-job trainingor learn the work informally byon-the-job training.To qualify for an apprenticeship pro-gram, you usually must have a highschool education. Courses inmathematics, physics, and draftingwill be very useful to you. Usuallyyou must be under 30 years of age.You may be required to take tests todetermine your aptitude for the work.You must be physically able to liftand carry heavy objects, such as atypewriter; to work in crampedplaces and in awkward positions; andto work rapidly and accurately withyour hands and fingers when usinghandtools and work aids.You must be neat, tactful, pleasant,and able to speak well in order toget along well with customers.

254'

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Office-Machine Service-men during the next 10 years. Thesejob openings will come about becauseof the need to replace workers whowill retire or leave their jobs forother reasons and because of the needfor more Office-Machine Servicemento service and repair the rapidlyincrpasing mimber of machines whichdo clerical work. As a result, yourchances of getting an apprenticeshipare very good.Jobs are found in neariy all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe with manufacturing firms that selland service office or businessmachines and in local independentrepair shops in large cities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

Advancement OpportuAs an experienced 0Serviceman, you maforeman, a service mother supervisory poalso go into businesby opening your ownAs an apprentice, yoijourneyman Office-Maman upon successfu2 to 4 years of relatinstruction and ont

/a9

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Office-Machine Service-men during the next 10 years. Thesejob openings will come about becauseof the need to replace workers whowill retire or leave their jobs forother reasons and because of the needfor more Office-Machine Servicemento service and repair the rapidlyincreas;ng number of machines whichdo clerical work. As a result, yourchances of getting an apprenticeshipare very good.

Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodcharces for finding employment willbe with manufacturing firms that selland service office or businessmachines and in local independentrepair shops in large cities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Office-MachineServiceman, you may advance to aforeman, a service manager, or to someother supervisory position. You mayalso go into business for yourselfby opening your own repair shop.As an apprentice, you will advance to ajourneyman Office-Machine Service-man upon successful completion of2 to 4 years of related classroominstruction and on-the-job training.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local manu-facturing firm or branch store thatsells and services office or businessmachines, independent repair shop, orlarge business that uses a greatmany office machines. Register atyour local State Employment Serviceoffice. Ask your high school counselorfor information. Contact local unionofficials for information. Read theads in your daily newspapers. Visitthe local office of the Civil ServiceCommission or your local post officeand ask for information.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 2 O.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Business Machine and Office Appliance

Mechanics (l.U.E.)International Headquarters160 Fifth Avenue, Room 912New York, N.Y. 10010

MACHINETRADESOCCUPATIONS

offset pressman;offset-pressman apprentice

Z56

Usual 0The OMoffset prand mulplates.order tothe quarstock soa plate tcoatingthe platthe plateinstallsplate cypositionFollowinthe Wanthe diar9and fillspress. Is

betweencylinderspaper stcto regulplate cylpress toexaminethe presspecificHe thenthe prodThe OffsApprentito perfoOffset P

AN

Is

pressman;pressman apprentice

7,56

Usual DutiesThe Offset Pressman operates anoffset printing press to print singleand multicolor copy from lithographicplates. First, he studies the joborder to determine the operating time,the quantity to be printed, andstock specifications. Then he washesa plate to remove the protective gumcoating and builds up the back ofthe plate with sheets of folio to raisethe plate to printing level. He theninstalls the plate with backing on theplate cylinder and locks it inposition in the press, using handtools.Following this, he applies folio tothe blanket cylinder to build it up tothe diameter of the plate cylinderand fills the ink fountains in thepress. Next, he adjusts the spacebetween the blanket and impressioncylinders according to the thickness ofpaper stock. He adjusts the controlsto regulate moisture delivery to theplate cylinder and then starts thepress to run off a proof copy. Heexamines the proof copy and adjuststhe press controls to obtain thespecific color registration desired.He then starts the press and completesthe production run.The Offset-Pressman Apprentice (SeeApprenticeGeneral Comments) learnsto perform all the tasks of theOffset Pressman within a given time.

257

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a S-day, 40-hour work-week. Work schedule may includeevenings, nights, holidays, andweekends. Overtime is usuallyavailable.Work is performed indoors in pleasantsurroundings, although it may benoisy if several presses art in operationat the same time.

QualificationsTo become an Offset Pressman, youmust either complete an apprentice.ship pmgram that consists of 4 or 5years of related classroom instroctionand on-the-job training or learn thework informally by on-the-job training.To qualify fot an apprenticeshipprogram, you must have a high schooleducation. Courses in photography,mathematics, chemistry, physics, andart will be very useful to you. Youmust be at least 18 years of age.You must take tests to determine youraptitude for the work.You must be physically able to standfor long periods of time_ You must beable to work rapidly and accuratelywith your hands and fingers whenusing handtools. You must have goodeyesight with normal color vision toobtain the specific color registrationdesired on the proof copy.

258

Employment Pmpects1here will be many thousands of jobopenings for Offset Pressmen duringthe next 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of theneed to replace workers who will retireor leave their jobs for other reasonsand because of the need for moreOffset Pressmen to meet the needs ofthe increasing use of color matter inprinted publications. As a result, yourchance of getting an apprenticfthipare very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances kr finding employment willbe at newspapers and commercialprinting plants in large cities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

AdvancementAs an experiencmay advance t.lithographic depaper Of cornYou may alsoyourself by opcommercial priAs an apprentia journeymansuccessful cyears of relate .and on-the-job

Employment ProspectsThere wiff be many thousands of jobopenings for Offset Pressmen duringthe next 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of theneed to replace workers who will retireor leave their jobs for other reasonsand because of the need for moreOffset Pressmen to meet the needs ofthe increasing use of color matter inptinted publications. As a result, yourchances of getting an apprenticeshipare very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at newspapers and commercialprinting plants in large cities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffr-e under the Manpower Developmmtand Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Offset Pressman, youmay advance to foreman of thelithographic department of a news-paper or commercial printing plant.You may also go into business foryourself by opening your owncommercial printing shop. -

As an apprentice, you will advance toa journeyman Offset Pressman uponsuccessful completion of 4 or 5years of related classroom instructionand on-the-job training.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any localnewspaper or commercial printingplant. Register at your local StateEmployment Service office. Ask yourhigh school counselor for information.Contact local union ofrcials forinformation. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers. Visit the localoffice of the Civil Service Commissionor your local post office and ask forinformation.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 2 O.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Lithographers and Photoengravers

International Union233 West 49th StreetNew York, N.Y. 10019International Printing Pressmen and

Assistants' Union of North AmericaPressmen's Home, Tenn. 37850

Graphic Arts Technical Foundation4615 Forbes AvenuePittsburgh, Pa. 15213

National Association of Photo-Lithographers

230 West 41st StreetNew York, NA'. 10036

Printing Industries of America, Inc.20 Ch2vy Chase Circle, NW.Washington, D.C. 20015

MACHINETRADESOCCUPATIONS

refrigeration mechanic;refrigeration-mechanic apprentice;refrigeration-mechanic helper

Usual OutThe Refrigrepairs tarsystems a(other specout and rrinstallatiorfunctionalinstrumentbobs, andand installhangers inbuilding. I

and functirswitches, rscrewing, tbrazing. T

connectscomponentHe pumps Istarts it, oreads gagcadjusts val .maintain tiand temperdismantlesand tests cmechanicapressure) tireplaces orparts.

The Refrige(See Apprerlearns to plthe Refrigegiven time.The Refrigcassists theinstalling arrefrigeratingperforms athem are:materials, aunbolting pi'keeping toosupplies in

1.3.2 .

mechanic;-mechanic apprentice;-mechanic helper

Usual DutiesThe Refrigeration Mechanic installs andrepairs large refrigerating and coolingsystems according to blueprints andother specifications. First, he laysout and marks reference points forinstallation of structural andfunctional components, using suchinstruments as tapes, transits, plumbbobs, and squares. Then he drills holesand installs mounting brackets andhangers into floors and walls ofbuilding. He then assembles structuraland functional parts, such as motors,switches, pumps, and conoensers byscrewing, bolting, riveting, welding, andbrazing. Then, he cuts, threads, andconnects pipe to functionalcomponents and water or power system.He pumps gas or fluid into the system,starts it, observes the operation,reads gages and instruments, andadjusts valves and other controls tomaintain the levels of fluid, pressure.and temperature in the system. Hedismantles malfunctioning systemsand tests components, using electrical,mechanical, and pneumatic (airpressure) testing equipment, andreplaces or adjusts defective or wornparts.

The Refrigeration-Mechanic Apprentice(See ApprenticeGeneral Comments)learns to perform all the tasks ofthe Refrigeration Mechanic within agiven time.The Refrigeration-Mechanic Helperassists the Refrigeration Mechanic ininstalling and repairing largerefrigerating and cooling systems. Heperforms a number of tasks. Some ofthem are: transporting tools,materials, and components; bolting andunbolting parts, using handtools; andkeeping tools, equipment, andsupplies in good order.

1ink1,

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hourworkweek Work schedule requiresevenings, nights, holidays, and week-ends during summer months. Overtimeis usually available.Wolk is performed indoors and ofteninvolves handling dirty and greasyobjects.

QualificationsTo become a Refrigeration Mechanic,you must either complete an apprentice-ship program that consists of 5 yearsof related classroom instruction andon-the-job training or learn the workinformally by on-the-job training. Toqualify for an apprenticeship program,you usually must have a high schoolor trade school education. Courses inmathematics, physics, and blueprintreading will be very useful to you.You' must be between 16 and 25 yearsof age. You must take tests todetermine your aptitude for the work.As a helper your education is usuallynot important; to progress to better,higher level jobs, it is important.You must be physically able to liftand move heavy equipment and be ableto work in cramped positions. Youmust be able to wilt* rapidly andaccurately with your hands and fingerswhen using handtools. You musthave good eyesight to repairrefrigeration equipment according toblueprints and other specifications.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Refrigeration'Mechanicsduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers who willretire or leave their jobs for otherreasons and because of the need formore Refrigeration Mechanics toinstall and repair the rapidly increasingnumber of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. As a result,your chances of getting an apprentice-ship or a job as a helper are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at large commercial and industrialconstruction companies in largecities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

Advancement Oppodunitie!As an experienced RefrigfMechanic, you may advancas foreman of a refrigerating company. You may alstransfer from one industryor go into business for yoopening your own refrigeracontracting company. WItraining in refrigeration deconstruction, you may adv;refrigeration technician.As an apprentice, you willjourneyman Refrigeration I

upon successful completicyears of related classroomand on-the-job training.As a helper, you can, ifadvance to a journeymanRefrigeration Mechanic blrequired education, and thfor an apprenticeship or aemployer for recognition ;

mployment Prospectshere will be many thousands of jobpenings for Refrigeration'Mrchanicsuring the next 10 years. These jobpenings will come about because ofhe need to replace workers who will

retire or leave their jobs for otherreasons and because of the need fornore Refrigeration Mechanics tonstall and repair the rapidly increasingumber of refrigeration and air-onditioning systems. As a result,our chances of getting an apprentice-

_ hip or a job as a helper are very good.lobs are found in nearly all communitiesnd in many establishments. Goodhances for finding employment will

at large commercial and industrial.onstruction companies in large.ities.reapprenticeship training for thisind of work may be available through

,our local State Employment Service-ffice under the Manpower DevelopmentInd Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced RefrigerationMechanic, you may advance to a jobas foreman of a refrigeration contract-ing company. You may also easilytransfer from one industry to another,or go into business for yourself byopening your own refrigerationcontracting company. With furthertraining in refrigeration design andconstruction, you may advance to arefrigeration technician.As an apprentice, you will advance to ajourneyman Refrigeration Mechanicupon successful completion of 5years of related classroom instructionand on-the-job training.As a helper, you can, if you wish,advance to a journeyman or skilledRefrigeration Mechanic by having therequired education, and then applyingfor an apprenticeship or asking youremployer for recognition as a trainee.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local refrigera-tion dealer or contractor. Register atyour local State Employment Serviceoffice. Ask your high school counselorfor information. Contact local unionofficials for information. Read theads in your daily newspapers. Visitthe local office of the Civil ServiceCommission at your local post officeand ask for information.Fot more information on apprenticejobs, see page 20.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Refrigeration Service Engineers

Society433 North Waller AvenueChicago, '411. 60644

MACHINETRADESOCCUPATIONS

tool-and-die maker;tool-and-die-maker apprentice

Usual DutiesThe Tool-and-Qworking dies,fixtures, and g:blueprints andof the objectabout its size,of materials riout the metal sand how muchIn doing layoutsquares, pencilmarking and nNext, he sets u;tools, such as Ishapers, and grimetal stock toand shape. Afthe measures itagrees with themeasuring themicrometers, digages, and othhe scrapes andpart to finish i

also assembleshandtools andsuch as bolts aThe Tool-and-Di(See Apprentic(learns to perforthe Tool-and-Digiven time.

Usual DutiesThe Tool-and-Qie Maker makes metalworking dies, cutting tools, jigs,fixtures, and gates. He studiesblueprints and other specificationsof the object to be made to learnabout its size, shape, and the kindof materials required. Then, he laysout the metal stock to indicate whereand how much machining is needed.In doing layout work, he uses scribes,squares, pencils, chalk, and othermarking and measuring devices.Next, he sets up and operates machinetools, such as lathes, milling machines,shapers, and grinders, to machine themetal stock to the required sizeand shape. After machining the part,he measures it to make sure that itagrees with the specifications. Whenmeasuring the part, he usesmicrometers, dial indicators, thicknessgages, and other instruments. Oftenhe scrapes and grinds the machinedpart to finish it, using handtools. Healso assembles parts into units, usinghandtools and connecting devices,such as bolts and dowel pins.The Tool-and-Die Maker Apprentice(See ApprenticeGeneral Comments)learrs to perform all the tasks ofthe Tool-and-Die Maker within agiven time.

el0

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hour work-week. Work schedule may includeevenings, nights, holidays, andweekends. Overtime is usuallyavailable.Work is performed indoors in pleasantsurroundings.

QualificationsTo become a Tool-and-Die Maker, youmust either complete an apprenticeshipprogram that consists of 4 to 5 yearsof related classroom instructionand on-the-job training ur learn thework informally by on-the-job training.To qualify for an apprentice.Thipprogram, you usually must have a highschool education. Courses inmathematics, physics, and blueprintreading will be very useful to you.You may be required to take tests todetermine your aptitude for the work.You must be physically able to standfor long periods of time and to workrapidly and accurately with yourhands and fingers when usinghandtools and work aids. You musthave good eyesight to use measuringdevices according to specifications.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 63,000 job openingsfor Tool-and-Die Makers during thenext 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of the needto replace workers who will retireor leave their jobs for other reasonsand because of the need for moreTool-and-Die Makers to meet theexpected increase in the use ofmachined products and tools. As aresult, your chances of getting anapprenticeship are good.Jobs are found in many communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment will beat machine shops in large cities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local state Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

e%

Advancement OpportunitlAs an experienced Tool-ayou may advance to a jobor supervisor for a machmetalworking firm. You rtransfer to other industriaircraft manufacturing cboat building and repairigo into business for youopening your own tool-arAs an apprentice, you wia journeyman Tool-and-t,upon successful comple:years of related classrocand on-the-job training.

/30

ployment Prospectsre will be about 63,000 job openingsTool-and-Die Makers during thet 10 years. These job openingsI come about because of the needreplace workers who will retireleave their jobs for other reasons

because of the need for morel-and-Die Makers to meet theected increase in the use ofchined products and tools. As ault, your chances of getting anrenticeship are good.s are found in many communities

in many establishments. Goodnces for finding employment will be

machine shops in large cities.apprenticeship training for thisd of work may be available throughr local state Employment Service

ce under the Manpower Developmentd Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Tool-and-Die Maker,you may advance to a job as foremanor supervisor for a machinery ormetalworking firm. You may also easilytransfer to other industries, such asaircraft manufacturing or ship andboat building and repairing. You maygo into business for yourself byopening your own tool-and-die shop.As an apprentice, you will advance toa journeyman Tool-and-Die Makerupon successful completion of 4 to 5years of related classroom instructionand on-the-job training.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local automobile,aircraft, other transportation equip-ment manufacturing company. machineshop, or tool-and-die making firm.Register at your local State Employ-ment Service office. Ask your highschool couns0lor for information.Contact local union officials forinformation. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers. Visit the localoffice of the Civil Service Commissionor your local post office and askfor information.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 20.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:International Association of Machinists

and Aerospace Workers1300 Connecticut Avenue, NW.Washington, D.C. 20036

International Union, United Automobile,Aerospace and Agricultural Imple-ment Workers of America

8000 East Jefferson AvenueDetroit, Mich. 48214

International Union of Electrical Radioand Machine Workers

1126 16th Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20036

MACHINETRADESOCCUPATIONS

wood patternmaker;wood-patternmaker apprentice

288.

/36 .

Usual DThe Wopatternswhich rHe studbe castand kin(he lay3where aneeded,square,measurirand opcsuch asand routthe requmeasureit agreetemplateand othHe maysurfaceplanes,mallets.a compland scre

The Woo(See Aplearns toWood Pa

Usual DutiesThe Wood Patternmaker makes woodenpatterns for use in making molds inwhich metal castings are formed.He studies blueprints of the object tobe cast to learn about its size, shape,and kind of materials requir2d. Thenhe lays out the woodstock to indicatewhere and how much machining isneeded, using a scriber, shrink rule,square, and other marking andmeasuring devices. Next, he sets upand operates woodworking machines,such as bandsaws, planers, lathes,and routers, to machine the stock tothe required size and shape. Then, hemeasures the part to make sure thatit agrees with the specifications, usingtemplates, straightedges, protractors,and other measuring instruments.He may trim, smooth, and shape thesurface of the part to finish it, usingplanes, drawknives, chisels, andmallets. He also assembles parts intoa complete pattern, using handtoolsand screws, nails, dowels, and glue.The Wood-Patternmaker Apprentice(See ApprenticeGeneral Comments)learns to perform all the tasks of theWood Patternmaker within a given time.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a regular 5-day, 40-hourworkweek. Work is performed indoors,usually in a dusty, noisy, dirty, andhot environment.

QualificationsTo become a Wood Patternmaker, youmust either complete an apprentice-ship program that consists of 5 years ofrelated clas:room instruction andon-the-job training or learn the workinformally by on-the-job training.To qualify for an apprenticeshipprogram, you usually must have at !easta high school education. Courses inmathematics, drafting, and woodworkin a vocational school will be veryuseful to you. You may be requiredto take tests to determine youraptitude for the work.You must be physically able to be onyour feet (either standing or walking)for long periods of time; to stoop,crouch, and kneel frequently; and towork rapidly and accurately with yourhands and fingers when usinghandtools and measuring instrumentsand when moving controls onmachines. You must have good eye-sight to make precise measurementsof machined parts.

2 73

Employment ProspectsThere will be a few thousand jobopenings for Wood Patternmakersduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about mostlybecause of the need to replace workerswho will retire or leave their jobs forother reasons but also because ofthe need for more Wood Patternmakersto meet a slight increase in the useof wood patterns. As a result, yourchances of getting an apprenticeshipare only fair.Good chances for finding employmentwill be in industrial foundries.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

Advancement OpportuAs an experienced WIyou may advance to aforeman. You may ai!to other jobs, such aAs an apprentice, youto a journeyman Wooupon successful cormyears of related classand cn-the-job trainin

437

Employment ProspectsThere will be a few thousand jobopenings for Wood Patternmakersduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about mostlybecause of the neea to replace workerswho will retire or leave their jobs forother reasons but also because ofthe need for more Wood Patternmakersto meet a slight increase in the useof wood patterns. As a result, yourchances of getting an apprenticeshipare only fair.Good chances for finding employmentwill be in industrial foundries.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Wood Patternmaker,you may advance to a job as foundryforeman. You may also easily transferto other jobs, such as a cabinetmaker.As an apprentice, you will advanceto a journeyman Wood Patternmakerupon successful completion of 5years of related classroom instructionand on-the-job training.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local foundryplant. Register at your local StateEmployment Service office. Ask yourhigh school counselor for information.Contact local union officials forinformation. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 2 O.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Foundry Educational Foundation1138 Terminal TowerCleveland, Ohio 44113

National Foundry Association9838 Roosevelt RoadP. 0. Box 76Westchester, 'ill. 60156

271

BENCHWORKOCCUPATIONS

dental-laboratory technician;dental-laboratory-technicianapprentice

272

Usual DutiesThe Dental-Laboratory Technicianconstructs and repairs dental appli-ances, according to dentist's prescrip-tion. He fabricates full and partialdentures, using wax and plaster models,surveyors, tooth-color scales, articu-lators, and electric grinders andpolishers. He also constructs crowns,inlays, and wire frames by forming(bending and soldering) gold andplatinum wire or by casting in moldin a centrifugal casting furnace. Heconstructs porcelain teeth from theimpression made by the dentist, usingpowdered porcelain and water, electricfurnaces, grinding wheels, and tooth-color scales. Then, he polishes themetal and plastic portions of thecompleted appliance with electricgrinders and polishers. Finally, hetests the completed product to makesure it conforms to specifications,using a articulator (a device thatmoves like a jaw).The Dental-Laboratory-TechnicianApprentice (See Apprentice--GeneralComments) learns to perform all thetasks of the Dental-LaboratoryTechnician within a given time.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a regular 5-day, 40-hourworkweek. Work is performed indoorsin pleasant surroundings.

Qualifications

To become a Dental-LaboratoryTechnician, you must either completean apprenticeship program thatconsists of 4 years of related classroominstruction and on-the-job trainingor learn the work informally byon-the-job training. To qualify for anapprenticeship program, you musthave a high school education or itsequivalent. Courses in art, ceramics,sculpture, metalworking, plastics,physiology, and blueprint reading willbe very useful to you. You must be atleast 16 years of age. You must taketests to determine your aptitudefor the work.You must be able to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands and fingerswhen using handtools to make andassemble the parts used to builddental appliances according to thedentint's prescription. You must havegood eyesight with normal color visionto properly mix the powderedporcelain and water solution to obtainthe desired color and shade to matchthe patients' natural teeth.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 17,000 job openingsfor Dental-Laboratory Techniciansduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about becauseof the need to replace workers who willretire or leave their jobs for otherreasons and because of the need formore Dental-Laboratory Technicians tomeet the needs of the rapidlyincreasing volume of business bycommercial laboratory firms. As aresult, your chances of getting anapprenticeship are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at commercial dental laboratoriesin large cities and in U.S. VeteransAdministration hospitals throughout thecountry.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

AdvanceAs an eTechnicias foremdental lainto busiyour owAs an aa journTechniciof 4 yeainstructi

mployment Prospectshere will be about 17,000 job openingsr Dental-Laboratory Techniciansuring the next 10 years. These jobpenings will come about becausef the need to replace viorkers who willetire or leave their jobs for othereasons and because of the need forore Dental-Laboratory Technicians to

heet the needs of the rapidlycreasing volume of business by

ommercial laboratory firms. As aesult, your chances of getting anpprenticeship are very good.obs are found in nearly all communitiesnd in many establishments. Goodhances for finding employment wille at commercial dental laboratories

large cities and in U.S. Veteransdministration hospitals throughout the)untry.nis kind of work is available to both

nen and women.reapprenticeship training for thisind of work may be available throughour local State Employment Serviceffice under the Manpower Developmentnd Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Dental-LahortoryTechnician, you may advance to a jobas foreman in a large commercialdental laboratory. You may also gointo business for yourself by openingyour own dental laboratory.As an apprentice, you will advance toa journeyman Dental-LaboratoryTnchnician upon successful completionof 4 years of related classroominstruction and on-the-job training.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local commercialdental laboratory, hospital, dentist'soffice, and U.S. Veterans Administrationhospital. Register at your localState Employment Service office. Askyour high school counselor forinformation. Contact local unionofficials for information. Read the adsin your daily newspapers. Visit thelocal office of the Civil ServiceCommission or your local post officeand ask for information.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 2 O.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:National Association of Dental

Laboratories, Inc.500 Walker BuildingWashington, D.C. 20005

American Dental AssociationCouncil on Dental Education222 East Superior StreetChicago, III. 60611FOr more information about employmentin dental laboratories in VeteransAdministration hospitals, write to thenearest, or any, Veterans Administrationhospital anywhere in the country.

BENCHWORKOCCUPATIONS

instrument repairman;instrument-repairman apprenticinstrument-repairman helper

repairman;-repairman apprentice;-repairman helper

I

Usual DutiesThe Instrument Repairman repairs andmaintains industrial and scientificinstruments that measure, record, orcontrol heat, electricity, pressure,flow of liquids, and other variables.He disassembles faulty instruments,using handtools. Then he examinesand tests the mechanisms andcircuitry for defects, using pressureand vacuum gages, voltmeters,ammeters, and other testing andmeasuring instruments. After findingthe defect or cause of the trouble, herepairs or replaces worn or damagedparts, using handtools and benchtools. He then reinstalls the instrum-ments. In maintaining the instruments,he cleans, lubricates, and makesminor adjustments to them at regularintervals.The Instrument-Repairman Apprentice(See ApprenticeGeneral Comments)learns to perform all the tasks of theInstrument Repairman within agiven time.The Instrument-Repairman Helperassists the Instrument Repairman inrepairing and ;maintaining industrialand scientific instruments. He performsa number of tasks. Some of them are:collecting and changing charts onrecording instruments; drilling holes instructures for installation of instru-ments; and carrying toois andmaterials.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hour workweek.Work schedule may include evenings,nights, holidays, and weekends.Worker may be required to be on callat any time in case of emergency.Work is performed indoors and outdoors.

QualificationsTo become an Instrument Repairman,you must either complete an apprentice.ship program that consists of 4years of related classroom instructionand on-the-job training or leer^ thework informally by on-the-job training.To qualify for an apprenticeshipprogram, you usually must have a highschool education. Courses inmathematics, physics, chemistry,blueprint reading, and electricity willbe very useful to you. You may berequired to take tests to determineyour aptitude for the work.As a helper your education is usuallynot important: to progress to better,higher level jobs, it is important.You must be able to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands andfingers when using handtools andhandling delicate instruments andparts. You must have good eyesightwith normal color vision to work withtiny parts and color-coded wires.

Employment ProspectsThere wiil be about 45,000 job openingsfor Instrument Repairmen during thenext 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of ihe needto replace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons andbecause of the need for moreInstrument Repairmen to repair andmaintain the ever-increasing number ofinstruments being used in manu-facturing and other industries, and inresearch and developmental work.As a result, your chances of gettingan apprenticeship or a job as a helperare very go9d.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Good

chances for finding employment willbe at manufacturing firms in largecities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

. . 40 )V..

Advancement OppAs an experiencedman, you may adgroup leader ora position as aof an instrumentcompany.As an apprentice,a journeyman Insupon successful (years of relatedand on-the-job trEAs a helper, youadvance to a jouInstrument Repairequired educaticfor an apprenlice:employer for recc

airman,prentice-f 4tructionn thetraining.

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Employment ProspectsThere will be about 45,000 job openingsfor Instrument Repairmen during thenext 10 years. These iob openingswill come about because of the needto replace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons andbecause of the need for moreInstrument Repairmen to repair andmaintain the ever-increasing number ofinstruments being used in manu-facturing and other industries, and inresearch and developmental work.As a result, your chances of gettingan apprenticeship or a job as a helperare very good.Jobs are found 41 nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at manufacturing firms in largecities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Instrument Repair-man, you may advance to a job asgroup leader or foreman, or toa position as a service representativeof an instrument manufacturingcompany.As an apprentice, you will advance toa journeyman Instrument Repairmanupon successful completion of 4years of related classroom instructionand on-the-job training.As a helper, you can, if you wish,advance to a journeyman or skilledInstrument Repairman by having therequired education, and then applyingfor an apprenticeship or asking youremployer for recognition as a trainee.

/V/

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment oipersonnel office of any localmanufacturing plant that makesinstruments; industrial establishmentthat uses instruments, such as a gasor electric utility company or apetroleum or chemical plant; and someFederal agencies, such as the AirForce, Army, and Navy. Register atyour local State Employment Serviceoffice. Ask your high school counselorfor information. Contact local unionofficials for information. Read the adsin your daily newspapers. Visit thelocal office of the Civil ServiceCommission or your local po3t officeand ask for information.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 2 O.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Instrument Society of America530 William Penn PlacePittsburgh, Pa. 15200

4, I

BENCHWORKOCCUPATIONS

jeweler;jeweler apprentice

280

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Usual DutiesThe Jeweler makes and repairs jewelryarticles, such as rings, brooches,bracelets, and necklaces. He makesthese articles with metalworking toolsby hand, by casting them in a machinemold, or by stamping them out witha machine. In making articles byhand and with machine tools, heperforms such operations as layingout, shaping, engraving, and electro-plating the meta! stock. Then hepolishes the formed parts and soldersthem together. He mounts jewels orstones or makes other decorationson the article. He uses many kindsof handtools and machine tools, suchas jewelers' lathes, soldering irons,polishing machines, saws, files, andcarving and chasing tools.In making articles by casting them,he 'first makes a metal model of thearticle, and from this model makes arubber mold. He then injects, underpressure, wax or plastic into the moldto produce a pattern. He places thepattern in a plaster-like material,burns out a cavity, and then formsthe article, using a casting machine.In making articles by stamping themout, he places the metal piece ontothe bed of a stamping machine.Then he operates the stamping machineto bring a die down into the metalpiece to form the article.The Jeweler Apprentice (See ApprenticeGeneral Comments) learns toperform all the tasks of the Jewelerwithin a given time.

14 0

/41.2

Characteristics of JobWork in jew3lry manufacturing plantsis usually seasonal. The workweekvaries from 35 to 48 hours. Work isperformed indoors in pleasantsurroundings.Job requires you to be bonded.Employer usually requires workers tohave, or to acquire, their own handtools.

QualificationsTo become a Jeweler, you must eithercomplete an apprenticeship programthat consists of 3 or 4 years of relatedclassroom instruction and on-the-jobtraining or learn the work informallyby on-the-job training. To qualifyfor an apprenticeship program, yougenerally must have a high schooleducation. CQurses in chemistry,physics, mechanical drawing, and artwill be very useful to you. You maybe required to take tests to determineyour aptitude for the work.You must be able to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands andfingers when using handtools. Youmust have good eyesight with normalcolor vision to make precise meesure-ments of minute parts and to matchor blend colored stones or jewels.You must also have creative imaf,ina-tion for design work.You must be courteous and tactful inorder to deal with customers.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 7,0C3 job openingsfor Jewelers during the next 10 years.These job openings will come aboutmostly because of the need toreplace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons.There will be few, if any, new workershired as Jewelers during the nextseveral years. As a result, yourchances of getting an apprenticeshipare not very good.Good chances for finding employmentwill be at jewelry manufacturingplants in large cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Develop-ment and Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Jeweler,advance to a shop foreman imanufacturing plant or to amanager or to the head ofdepartment in a retail store.may also go into business fby opening your own retailstore or repair shop.As an apprentice, you will ala journeyman Jeweler uponcompletion of 3 or 4 yearsrelated classroom instructioion-the-job training.

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Employment ProspectsThere will be about 7,000 job openingsfor Jewelers during the next 10 years.These job openings will come aboutmostly because of the need toreplace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other masons.There will be few, if any, new workershired as Jewelers during the nextseveral years. As a result, yourchances of getting an apprenticeshipare not very good.Good chances for finding employmentwill be at jewelry manufacturingplants in large cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Develop-nient and Training Act.

"1 24;

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Jeweler, you mayadvance to a shop foreman in amanufacturing plant or to a storemanager or to the head of a salesdepartment in a retail store. Youmay also go into business for yourselfby opening your own retail jewelrystore or repair shop.As an apprentice, you will advance toa journeyman Jeweler upon successfulcompletion of 3 or 4 years ofrelated classroom instruction andon-the-job training.

Finding the JohApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local retailjewelry store, jewelry manufacturingestablishment, and wholesaleestablishment or trade shop thatspecializes in jewelry repairs forretail stores. Register at yout localState Employment Service office. Askyour high schooi counselor forinformation. Contact local unionofficials for information. Read the adsin your daily newspapers.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 20.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Retail Jewelers of America, Inc.711 14th Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20005

Manufacturing Jewelers and Silver-smiths of America, Inc.

Sheraton Biltmore Hotel, Room S-75Providence, RI. 02902International Jewelry Workers' Union,

Local No. 1

133 West 44th StreetNew York, N.Y. 10036

BENCHWORKOCCUPATIONS

radio-and-television repairman;radio-and-television-repairman apprentice

.r14 0 -3c

Usual DutiesThe Radio-and-T2levision Reprepairs radio and television recin homes, workshops, and othWhen repairing a thlevisionhe tunes the receiver on all ciand observes audio and vickcharacteristics to determine i

of the trouble. He also teststribes and examines the chasloose or broken connections.addition, he tests the voltageresistances of the circuits tca defect, following a schemaldiagram and using a voltmetegenerator, oscilloscope, or sother electronic testing instrAfter finding the cause of thihe repairs or replaces the defparts or connections, using hand a soldering iron. In reparadios, phonograpl s, recorderother similar audio equipmenhe tests the wiring, tubes, reand other parts of the faulty dWhen testing these devices,voltmeters, oscilloscopes, ancelectronic testing instrumentslocate the trouble. Then hereplaces defective parts or cctions, using handtools and a siron.The Radio-and-Television RepaApprentice (See ApprenticeComments) learns to performtasks of the Radio-and-TelevisRepairman within a given tim

elevision repairman;television-apprentice

Usual DutiesThe Radio-and-Television Repairmanrepairs radio and television receiversin homes, workshops, and other places.When repairing a television receiver,he tunes the receiver on all channelsand observes audio and videocharacteristics to determine the causeof the trouble. He also tests thetubes and examines the chassis forloose or broken connections. Inaddition, he tests the voltages andresistances of the circuits to isolatea defect, following a schematicdiagram and using a voltmeter, signalgenerator, oscilloscope, or someother electronic testing instrument.After finding the cause of the trouble,he repairs or replaces the defectiveparts or connections, using handtoolsand a soldering iron. In repairingradios, phonographs, recorders, andother similar audio equipment,he tests the wiring, tubes, resistors,and other parts of the faulty device.When testing these devices, he usesvoltmeters, oscilloscopes, and other.?lectronic testing instruments tolocate the trouble. Then he repairs orreplaces defective parts or connec-tions, using handtools and a solderingiron.

The Radio-and-Television RepairmanApprentice (See ApprenticeGeneralComments) learns to perform all thetasks of the Radio-and-TelevisionRepairman within a given time.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5- or 6-day, 40- to48-hour workweek. Overtime isusually available. Work is performedindoors in pleasant surroundings.

QualificationsTo become a Radio-and-TelevisionRepairman, you must either completean apprenticeship program that consistsof 2 or 3 years of related classroominstruction and on-the-job trainingor learn the work informally byon-the-job training. To qualify foran apprenticeship program, youusually must have a high schooleducation. Courses in mathematics,physics, electronics, English, anddrafting will be very useful to you.You may be required to take tests todetermine your aptitude for the work.In a number of States and cities youmust have a license. To obtain thislicense you must pass an examinationthat is designed to test your skill inthe use of testing equipment andyour knowledge of electronic circuitsand components.You must be physically able to lift andcarry television sets occasionally;to stoop, crouch, and kneel frequently;and to work rapidly and accuratelywith your hahds and fingers whenusing handtools and wiring circuits.You must have good eyesight withnormal color vision to repair colortelevision sets and connect color-coded wires.You must be courteous, tactful, andable to speak clearly in order to dealsuccessfully with customern.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 46,000 jobopenings for Radio-and-TelevisionRepairmen during the next 10 years.These job openings will come aboutbecause of the need to replace workerswho will retire or leave their jobs forother reasons and because of theneed for more Radio-and-TelevisionRepairmen to meet the rapid growthin the number of radios, televisionreceivers, and phonographs. As aresult, your chances of getting anapprenticeship are very good.Jobs are found in almost all communi-ties and in many establishments.Good chances for finding employmentwill be with independent serviceshops or stores that sell and servicetelevision, radio, and other similarelectronic products in large cities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Develop-ment and Training Act.

n0 0

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he-job trainingormally byTo qualify forgram, youhigh school

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Employment ProspectsThere will be about 46,000 jobopenings for Radio-and-TelevisionRepairmen during the next 10 years.These job openings will come aboutbecause of the need to replace workerswho will retire or leave their jobs forother reasons and because of theneed for more Radio-and-TeievisionRepairmen to meet the rapid growthin the number of radios, televisionreceivers, and phonographs. As aresult, your chances of getting anapprenticeship are very good.Jobs are found in almost all communi-ties and in many establishments.Good chances for finding employmentwill be with independent serviceshops or stores that sell and servicetelevision, radio, and other similarelectronic products in large cities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Develop-ment and Training Act.

".

, 1 f 11

CI CI

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Radio-and-Television Repairman, you may advanceto an assistant foreman, to a foreman,and then to a service manager ina large shop or service center'. You

may also go into business for yourselfby opening your own repair shop orsales and service shop. With furthertraining in electronics you mayadvance to an electronics technician,who repairs such electronic equip-ment as computers, radar systems,and industrial controls.As an apprentice, you will advance to ajourneyman Radio-and-TelevisionRepairman upon successful completionof 2 or 3 years of related classroominstruction and on-the-job training.

/ AS:

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local store thatsells and services radios andtelevision receivers, independentrepair shop, some governmentagencies, or a manufacturing firmthat runs its own branch stores.Register at your. local State Employ-ment Service office. Ask your highschool counselor or trade schoolinstructor for information. Contactlocal union officials for information.Read the ads in your daily newspapers.Visit the local office of the CivilService Commission or your local postoffice and ask for information.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 2 O.For more information on this kind ofwork, write or visit any manufacturerof radio and television equipment,local dealer, technical school (eitherprivate or public), or local servicecenter.

STRUCTURALWORKOCCUPATIONS

automobile-body repairman;automobile-body-repairman apprentice;automobile-body-repairman helper

UsualThe Arepairof autWhenre mov,operatorderIn reslargeor hanout wihamm,and cranvil r

area z

side.dimplEhammibadlypneurnacetyl(sectiorby welsoldersmallof thesurfam

The AApprerComm(tasksman IA

The AtHelperRepairbodiesvehiclEtasks.damagiparts,repairepaintin

;-body repairman;;-body-apprentice;

helper

Usual DutiesThe Automobile-Body Repairmanrepairs damaged bodies and body partsof automobiles and light trucks.When repairing body parts, he firstremoves the body hardware, window-operating equipment, and trim inorder to get at the damaged area.In reshaping the metal, he pusheslarge dents out with a hydraulic jackor hand prying bar, or "bumps" themout with a handtool or pneumatichammer, and smoothes small dentsand creases by holding a small handanvil against one side of the damagedarea and hammering the oppositeside. He removes very small pits anddimples from the metal with pickhammers and punches. He removesbadly damaged sections with apneumatic metal-cutting gun oracetylene torch, and welds in newsections. He mends tears in the metalby welding the torn edges; and usessolder and plastic materials to fillsmall dents that he cannot work outof the metal. He sands the repairedsurface and paints it.

The Automobile-Body-RepairmanApprentice (See ApprenticeGeneralComments) learns to perform all thetasks of the Automobile-Body Repair-man within a given time.The Automobile-Body-RepairmanHelper assists the ,Automobile-BodyRepairman in repaid:1g damagedbodies and body parts of automotivevehicles. He performs a number oftasks. Some of them are: removingdamaged parts and installing repairedparts, using handtools; sandingrepaired surfaces to prepare them forpainting; and removing small dents.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hourworkweek. Work schedule may includeSaturday. Overtime is usuallyavailable. Work is performed indoorsin a dusty and noisy atmosphere andoften involves handling dirty andgreasy objects and smelling paintodors.Employer usually requires workers tohave, or to acquire, their own handtools.Some employers furnish workuniforms.

QualificationsTo become an Automobile-BodyRepairman, you must either completean apprenticeship program thatconsists of 3 or 4 years of relatedclassroom instruction and on-the-jobtraining or learn the work informallyby on-the-job training. To qualify foran apprenticeship program, yougenerally must have a high schooleducation. Courses in arithmetic andautomobile-body repair in vocationalschool will be very useful to you.You may be required to take tests todetermine your aptitude for the work.As a helper your education is usuallynot important; to progress to better,higher level jobs, it is important.You must be physically able to workin cramped places and in awkwardpositions and to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands and fingerswhen using handtools and power tools.You must have good eyesight withnormal color vision to match shadesof paint.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 37,000 job openingsfor Automobile-Body Repairmen duringthe next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers who willretire or leave their jobs for otherreasons and because of the need formore Automobile-Body Repairmento do repair work to an ever-increasingnumber of motor vehicles. As aresult, your chances of getting anapprenticeship or a job as a helperare very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at independent automobile-bodyrepair shops and the servicedepartment of automobile and truckdealers in large cities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Develop-ment and Training Act.

Advancement OpAs an experiencRepairman, youas shop foreman.into business feyour own repair slAs an apprenticea journeyman Aqman upon succel3 to 4 years of rinstruction andAs a helper, youadvance to a jotAutomobi le-Bodythe required educapplying for anasking your empas a trainee.

/07,

n Automobile-Bodyou must either completeeship program that

or 4 years of relatednstruction and on-the-jobam the work informallytraining. To qualify thr

eship program, youst have a high schoolourses in arithmetic andody repair in vocationale very useful to you.required to take tests tour aptitude for the work.our education is usually; to progress to better,jobs, it is important.physically able to worklaces and in awkwardto work rapidly and

th your hands and fingersandtools and power tools.e good eyesight withvision to match shades

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 37,000 job openingsfor Automobile-Body Repairmen duringthe next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers who willretire or leave their jobs z)r. otherreasons and because e the need formore Automobile-Body Repairmento do repair work to an ever-increasingnumber of motor vghicles. As aresult, your chances of getting anapprenticeship or a job as a helperare very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at independent automobile-bodyrepair shops and the servicedepartment of automobile and truckdealers in large cities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Develop-ment and Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Automobile-BodyRepairman, you may advance to a jobas shop foreman. You may also gointo business for yourself by openingyour own repair shop.As an apprentice, you will advance toa journeyman Automobile-Body Repair-man upon successful completion of3 to 4 years of related classroominstruction and on-the-job training.As a helper, you can, if you wish,advance to a journeyman or skilledAutomobile-Body Repairman by havingthe required education, and thenapplying for an apprenticeship orasking your employer for recognitionas a trainee.

/OA

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any localindependent repair shop, new or usedcar or truck dealer, taxicab orautomobile leasing company, garageor establishment where a fleet ofvehicles is maintained, and at somedepartment stores. Register at yourlocal State Employment Service office.Ask your high school counselor forinformation. Contact local unionofficials for information. Read the adsin your daily newspapers. Visit thelocal office of the Civil ServiceCommission or your local post officeand ask for information.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 2 O.

For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Automotive Service Industry Association168 North Michigan AvenueChicago, III. 60601

Independent Garage Owners ofAmerica, Inc.

343 South Dearborn StreetChicago, III. 60604

Tr I monnem....

STRUCTURAL Usual

WORK The C

OCCUPATIONSrepairstructWhen,

carpenter; he sttbuildi,

carpenter apprentice; and gmater

carpenter helper struct,measuassemrules,chalk,cuts achisel,DIME the pzpins,devicethe friparts,and piparquELastly,such Edoors,locks ,

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Usual DutiesThe Carpenter constructs, erects, andrepairs many kinds of woodenstructures and structural members.When, for instance, he builds a house,he studies blueprints, sketches, orbuilding plans to determine the kindsand grades of lumber or othermaterial required and the size of thestructure or part to be made. Then hemeasures and marks cutting andassembling lines on the stock, usingrules, framing squares, calipers,chalk, and a marking gage. Next, hecuts and shapes the stock, using saws,chisels, and planes. He then putsthe parts together with nails, dowelpins, glue, and other connectingdevices and materials. Then he sets upthe framework and other structuralparts, such as the rafters, stairs,and partitions. He also lays hardwood,parquet, and other types of floors.Lastly, he installs prefabricated parts,such as window and door frames,doors, and finish hardware, such aslocks and letter drops.The Carpenter Apprentice ;See Appren-ticeGeneral Comments) learns toperform all the tasks of the Carpenterwithin a given time.The Carpenter Helper assists theCarpenter in constructing, erecting,and repairing wooden structures.He performs a number of tasks. Someof them are: sawing lumber tospecified size, using hand and powersaws; carrying materials and tools;and digging holes and trenches forfoundations.

Characteristics of JobExcept in bad weather, work is steadythroughout the year, usually with aregular 5-day, 40-hour workweek.Work is performed both indoors andoutdoors.Employers usually require workers tohave, or to acquire, their ownhandtools.

QualificationsTo become a Carpenter, you musteither complete an apprenticeshipprogram that consists of 4 years ofrelated classroom instruction andon-the-job training or learn the workinformally by on-the-job training.To qualify for an apprenticeship pro-gram, you usually must have a highschool education and be at least 17years of age. Courses in drafting,mathematics, and woodworking willbe very useful to you. You may berequired to take tests to determineyour aptitude for the work.As a helper your education is usuallynot important; to progress to better,higher level jobs, it is important.You must be physically able to workin cramped places and in awkwardpositions, to stand for long periodsof time, to climb ladders, and tobalance yourself on ladders andscaffolds. You must also be able towork rapidly and accurately with yourhands when using tools andmeasuring and marking instruments.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 320,000 jobopenings for Carpenters during thenext 10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons andbecause of the need for moreCarpenters to meet the demands formore houses, factories, office buildings,and other structures. As a result,your chances of getting an apprentice-ship or a job as a helper are verygood.

Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties and in many industries. Goodchances of finding employment will bewith construction firms in largecities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be availablethrough your local State EmploymentService office under the ManpowerDevelopment and Training Act.

:.f71 nC61',

-v

Advancement OpportuAs an experienced CE.may advance to a joforeman or general cforeman. You may alto other industries, sand shipbuilding, or ,

for yourself by openirrepair shop or contr;As an apprentice, yorto a journeyman Carpsuccessful completiorrelated classroom inslon-the-job training.As a helper, you can,advance to a journe)Carpenter by having Ieducation, and thenapprenticeship or a5employer for recognit

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Employment ProspectsThere will be about 320,000 jobopenings for Carpenters during thenext 10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons andbecause of the need for moreCarpenters to meet the demands formore houses, factories, office buildings,and other structures. As a result,your chances of getting an apprentice-ship or a job as a helper are verygood.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties and iii many industrie;;. Goodchances of finding employment will bewith construction firms in largecities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be availablethroug'l your local State EmploymentService office under the ManpowerDevelopment and Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Carpenter, youmay advance to a job as carpenterforeman or general constructionforeman. You may also easily transferto other industries, such as miningand shipbuilding, or go into businessfor yourself by opening your ownrepair shop or contracting firm.As an apprentice, you will advanceto a journeyman Carpenter uponsuccessful completion of 4 years ofrelated classroom instruction andon-the-job training.As a helper, you can, if you wish,advance to a journeyman or skilledCarpenter by having the requirededucation, and then applying for anapprenticeship or asking youremployer for recognition as a trainee.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any localconstruction company, independentrepair shop or contracting firm, orgovernment agency or businessestablishment that regularly requiresmaintenance of wooden structures.Register at your local State Employ-ment Service office. Ask your highschool counselor for information.Contact local union officials forinformation. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers. Visit the local officeof the Civil Service Commission oryour local post office and ask forinformation.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 20.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Associated General Contractors of

America, Inc.1957 E Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20006United Brotherhood of Carpenters and

Joiners of America101 Constitution Avenue, NW.Washington, D.C. 20001

,0.

STRUCTURA1.WORKOCCUPATIONS

construction worker

AID

Usual DutiesThe Construction Ivariety of duties i

no independent juare determined byconstruction job hiHe may assist an estruction worker srin a specific tradEmember of a worka nurfiber of dutie:of an experiencedforeman. Some typerform are: diggiifoundations, usingloading, unloading,materials onto ancmoving materials tmixing, pouring, aconcrete, asphalt, ,materials, using hiing tools, equipmerduring constructiorwork project has be

worker

Usual DutiesThe Construction Worker performs avariety of duties involving little orno independent judgment. His dutiesare determined by thrt type ofconstruction job he is involved with.He may assist an experienced con-struction worker such as a journeymanin a specific trade or he may be amember of a work crew performinga number of duties under instructionsof an experienced group leader orforeman. Some typical duties he mayperform are: digging ditches forfoundations, using a pick and shovel;loading, unloading, and movingmaterials onto and from trucks;moving materials between work areas;mixing, pouring, and spreadingconcrete, asphalt, gravel, and othermaterials, using handtools; and clean-ing tools, equipment, and work areasduring construction and after thework project has been completed.

Characteristics of JobWork schedule is influenced by weatherconditions, so you will usually worklong days during the summer andmay be laid off frequently duringthe winter. Overtime is paid for alltime worked over 40 hours during aworkweek. The rate of overtime pay isusually determined by union contractwith the construction company. Workis performed outdoors.

QualificationsAs a beginning worker, you may begiven a short demonstration of yourjob tasks. Educational requirementsare not usually specified for thiskind of work. Generally you must beat least 16 years of age.You must be physically able to dostrenuous work, such as using a pickand shovel, lifting and carryingheavy objects, and bending andstooping for long periods of time.You must be able to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands and fingerswhen using handtools to performsuch tasks as mixing, pouring, andspreading concrete, asphalt, andother materials.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many job openings forConstruction Workers during thenext 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of the needto replace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasonsand because of the need for moreConstruction Workers to meet theneeds of expanding highway con-struction and the need for more houses,apartments, and schools due toexpected rapid increase in population.As a result, your chances of gettinga job are good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at large construction and contractingcompanies in large cities or whereverlarge construction projects arelocated.As a student, you can usually obtainsummer work at construction companiesin almost any community.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced ConstruWorker, you may advance tcgroup leader or foreman fcconstruction firm. You mayeasily transfer to other induas manufacturing and transl

ployment Prospectsere will be many job opanings fornstruction Wor.:ers during thext 10 years. These job openingsI come about because of the needreplace workers who will retire orve their jobs for other reasons

d because of the need for morenstruction Workers to meet theeds of expanding highway con-uction and the need for more houses,artments, and schools due toected rapid increase in population.a result, your chances of getting

job are good.s are found in nearly all communitiesd in many establishments. Goodances for finding employmentat large construction and contracting

mpanies in large cities or whereverge construction projects areated.a student, you can usually obtain

mmer work at construction companiesalmost any community.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced ConstructionWorker, you may advance to a job asgroup leader or foreman for aconstruction firm. You may alsoeasily transfer to other industries, suchas manufacturing and transportation.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local buildingor construction contracting company,State and city public works andhighway department, or any publicutility company. Register at yourlocal State Employment Service office.Ask your high school counseior forinformation. Contact local unionofficials for information. Read the adsin your daily newspapers. Visit thelocal office of the Civil ServiceCommission or your local post officeand ask for information.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:International Hod Carriers', Building

and Common Laborers' Unionof America

905 16th Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20006

STRUCTURALWORKOCCUPATIONS

electrical-appliance serviceman;electrical-appl iance-serviceman apprentice;electrical-appliance-serviceman helper

Usual DutiesThe Electrical-Applianceservices and repairs stovtors, dishwashing machinEother electrical householdFirst, he observes readingtest meters as wattmeterand voltmeters which he cthe plugged-in appliance, aand listens to the applian(the operating cycle to detevibration, overheating, Miland loose parts. Next, he 1the appliance and examinmechanical and electricalThen he traces and tests tcircuits to locate shorts a:following the wiring diagiusing an ohmmeter. He altimers and thermostats an(the contact points. He reor defective parts and repaiadjusts the appliance mothe reassembles the appliathe pulleys, and lubricatesparts, using handtools ancequipment.The Electrica l-Appl iance-S1Apprentice (See ApprenticiComments) learns to perfolthe tasks of the Electrical-,Serviceman within a givenThe Electrica I-Appliance-SeHelper assists the Electric,Serviceman in servicing andelectrical household appliaHe performs a number of taSome of them are: cleaninwashing disassembled parunwrapping accessories, stshelves, drain pans, and drtransporting the applianceshandtruck.

pliance serviceman;pliance-pprentice;

pliance-elper

Usual DutiesThe Electrical-Appliance Servicemanservices and repairs stoves, refrigera-tors, dishwashing machines, andother electrical household appliances.First, he observes readings on suchtest meters as wattmeters, ammeters,and voltmeters which he connects tothe plugged-in appliance, and observesand listens to the appliance duringthe operating cycle to detect excessvibration, overheating, fluid leaks,and loose parts. Next, he disassemblesthe appliance and examines themechanical and electrical parts.Then he traces and tests the electricalcircuits to locate shorts and grounds,following the wiring diagram andusing an ohmmeter. He also sets thetimers and thermostats and adjuststhe contact points. He replaces wornor defective parts and repairs andadjusts the appliance motor. Then,he reassembles the appliance, adjuststhe pulleys, and lubricates all movingparts, using handtools and lubricatingequipment.

The Electrical-Appliance-ServicemanApprentice (See ApprenticeGeneralComments) learns to perform allthe tasks of the Electrical-ApplianceServiceman within a given time.The Electrical-Appliance-ServicemanHelper assists the Electrical-AppliancaServiceman in servicing and repairingelectrical household appliances.He performs a number of tasks.Some of them are: cleaning andwashing disassembled parts;unwr..-ipping accessories, such asshelves, ,drain pans, and drawers; andtransporting the appliances, using ahandtruck.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40hour workweek.Work schedule may include evenings,nights, holidays, and weekends. Over-time is usually available. Work isperformed indoors in pleasantsurroundings.

QualificationsTo become an Electrical-ApplianceServiceman, you must either completean apprenticeship program thatconsists of 3 years of related class-room instruction and on-the-jobtraining, or learn the work informallyby on-the-job training. To qualify foran apprenticeship program, youusually must have a high school orvocational school education. Coursesin electricity, mathematics, andphysics will be very useful to you.You must take tests to determine youraptitude for the work.As a helper your education is usuallynot important; to progress to better,higher level jobs, it is important.You must be able to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands andfingers when using handtools. Youmust have good eyesight with normalcolor vision to work with differentcolors of wires. You must have a goodsense of hearing to detect unusualnoise or vibration when testing somehousehold electrical appliances,such as washing machines, refrigerators,or toasters.You must be friendly and courteous inorder to get along well with customers.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Electrical-ApplianceServicemen during the next 10 years.These job openings will come aboutbecause of the need to replaceworkers who will retire or leave theirjobs for other reasons and because'of the need for more Electrical-Appliance Servicemen to meet theneeds of the expected increase inpopulation and in the use of householdappliances. As a result, your chancesof getting an apprenticeship or ajob as a helper are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at appliance repair shops orservice centers in large cities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

Advancement OpporAs an experiencedServiceman, you majob as foreman ora large repair shopYou may also go inyourself by openingsales, service, or reAs an apprentice, ya journeyman ElectServiceman upon stion of 3 years of relinstruction and on-As a helper, you cadvance to a journAppliance Servicemrequired education,for an apprenticesyour employer for rtrainee.

I-Applianceher completem thatlated class-

n-the-jobrk informal lyTo qualify form, you

school ortion. Coursesics, andftil to you.etermine your

ion is usuallyss to better,important.k rapidly andnds anddtools. Yout with normal

differentst have a goodect unusualtesting someliances,

s, refrigerators,

courteous inith customers.

302

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Electrical-ApplianceServicemen during the next 10 years.These job openings will come aboutbecause of the need to replaceworkers who will retire or leave theirjobs for other reasons and because'of the need for more Electrical-Appliance Servicemen to meet theneeds of the expected increase inpopulation and in the use of householdappliances. As a result, your chancesof getting an apprenticeship or ajob as a helper are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at appliance repair shops orservice centers in large cities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

+X.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Electrical-ApplianceServiceman, you may advance to ajob as foreman or service manager ofa large repair shop or service center.You may also go into business foryourself by opening your own appliancesales, service, or repair shop.As an apprentice, you will advance toa journeyman Electrical-ApplianceServiceman upon successful comple-tion of 3 years of related classroominstruction and on-the-job training.As a helper, you can, if you wish,advance to a journeyman Electrical-Appliance Serviceman by having therequired education, and then applyingfor an apprenticeship or askingyour employer for recognition as atrainee.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local electricalappliance repair shop, service center,or utility company. Register atyour local State Employment Serviceoffice. Ask your high school counselorfor information. Contact local unionofficials for information. Read theads in your daily newspapers. Visitthe local office of the Civil ServiceCommission or your local post officeand ask for information.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 2 O.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Institute of Appliance Manufacturers2000 K Street, NW.Suite 455Washington, D.C. 20006

American Home Laundry Manufacturers'Association

20 North Wacker DriveChicago, III. 60606

National Appliances and Radio-TVDealers Association

364 Merchandise MartChicago, III. 60654

STRUCTURALWORK

OCCUPATIONS

electrician;electrician apprentice;electrician helper

304

Usual DutiesThe Electrician installs elecifixtures, and control and diequipment in many kinds oand structures. He studie !and other specifications tohow he is going to lay ouelectrical system. Then hesketches to show the locatilthe wiring, fixtures, and eqiNext, he measures, cuts, th'assembles, and puts conduand tubes) in walls, ceiling !places, using such toolshacksaws, pipe threaders, aAfter the conduits are in pruns the wiring through theiattaches the wires to lightiand power equipment. Therswitches, relays, circuit-brepanels, and other electricalto control and distribute theNext, he connects power cathe equipment and sets uileads. Lastly, he tests thesystem to make sure that eviis working right.The Electrician ApprenticeticeGeneral Comments) IEperform all the tasks of thewithin a given time.The Electrician Helper assisElectrician in installing elecsytems. He performs a rntasks. Some of them are: cifholes in walls; taking faultyapart; and keeping tools, eqand supplies in good order.

pprentice;elper

Usual DutiesThe Electrician installs electrical wiring,fixtures, and control and distributionequipment in many kinds of buildingsand structures. He studies blueprintsand other specifications to determinehow he is going to lay out theelectrical system. Then he drawssketches to show the locations of allthe wiring, fixtures, and equipment.Next, he measures, cuts, threads,assembles, and puts conduits (pipesand tubes) in walls, ceilings, and otherplaces, using such tools ashacksaws, pipe threaders, and benders.After the conduits are in place, heruns the wiring through them andattaches the wires to lighting fixturesand power equipment. Then he installsswitches, relays, circuit-breakerpanels, and other electrital devicesto control and distribute the electricity.Next, he connects power cables tothe equipment and sets up groundleads. Lastly, he tests the electricalsystem to make sure that everythingis working right.The Electrician Apprentice (See Appren-ticeGeneral Comments) learns toperform all the tasks of the Electricianwithin a given time.The Electrician Helper assists theElectrician in installing electricalsygtems. He performs a number oftasks. Some of them are: drillingholes in walls; taking faulty equipmentapart; and keeping tools, equipment,and supplies in good order.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hour workweek.Work schedule may include evenings,nights, holidays, and weekends.Work time may be affected becauseof its seasonal nature. Overtime isusually available. Work is performedmostly indoors in pleasant surroundings.Employer usually requires workersto have, or to acquire, their ownhandtools.

QualificationsTo become an Electrician, you musteither complete an apprenticeshipprogram that consists of 4 years ofrelated classroom instruction andon-the-job training or learn the workinformally by on-the-job training.To qualify for an apprenticeshipprogram, you must have a high schooleducation. Courses in mathematics,physics, and drafting will be veryuseful to you. You usually must bebetween 18 and 24 Years of age.You may be required to take teststo determine your aptitude for thework. In most cities you are requiredto have an Electrician's license.To obtain this license you must passan examination that is given by thecity in which you intend to work.As a helper your education is usuallynot important; to progress to better,higher level jobs, it is important.You must be physically able to workin cramped places and in awkwardpositions, to stand for long periodsof time, and to climb ladders andbalance yourself while working. Youmust be able to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands andfingers when using handtools and workaids. You must have good eyesightwith normal color vision to work withcolor-coded wires.

3

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 64,000 jobopenings for Electricians during thenext 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of the needto replace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasonsand because of the need for moreElectricians to install electricalsystems in the expected large increasein the construction of homes, officebuildings, apartment buildings, andother structures. As a result, yourchances of getting an apprenticeshipor a job as a helper are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe with construction firms in large.cities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

,

I; :.)

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Electrician, ymay advance to a job as foremarsuperintendent, or an estimatoran electrical contractor. You maeasily transfer to other industriesuch as shipbuilding and aircrafmanufacturing. You may also gobusiness for yourself by openingyour own electrical contractingAs an apprentice, you will advaa journeyman Electrician uponsuccessful completion of 4 yearrelated classroom instruction anon-the-job training.As a helper, you can, if you wisladvance to a journeyman Electricby having the required educatiothen applying for an apprenticesor asking your employer for recoas a trainee.

/SS.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 64,000 jobopenings for Electricians during the

f next 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of the need

k to replace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasonsand because of the need for moreElectricians to install electricalsystems in the expected large increasein the construction of homes, officebuildings, apartment buildings, andother structures. As a result, yourchances of getting an apprenticeshipor a job as a helper are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe with construction firms in large"cities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

ly

ork

7

6

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Electrician, youmay advance to a job Is foreman,superintendent, or an estimator foran electrical contractor. You may alsoeasily transfer to other industries,such as shipbuilding and aircraftmanufacturing. You may also go intobusiness for yourself by openingyour own electrical contracting firm.As an apprentice, you will advance toa journeyman Electrician uponsuccessful completion of 4 years ofrelated classroom instruction andon-the-job training.As a helper, you can, if you wish,advance to a journeyman Electricianby having the required education, andthen applying for an apprenticeshipor asking your employer for recognitionas a trainee.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local electricalcontracting firm, electrical repairshop, or government agency thatdoes its own electrical work. Registerat your local State EmploymentService office. Ask your high schoolcounselor for information. Contactlocal union officials for information.Read the ads in your daily newspapers.Visit the local office of the CivilService Commission or your localpost office and ask for information.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 20.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:International Brotherhood of Electrical

Workers1200 15th Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20005

National Electrical ContractorsAssociation

1220 18th Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20036

National Joint Apprenticeship andTraining Committee for theElectrical Industry

1200 18th Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20036

'74f

STRUCTURALWORKOCCUPATIONS

floor layer;floor-layer apprentice;floor-layer helper

11111M(I"'

71ia

Usual DutiesThe Floor La)or sheets of 5deadening, orto floors, walhe disconnectobstacles asfixtures. Therand fills cracor cement. HIcovering andaccording tousing a rule,knife, and sniadhesive cerncements the flthe floor. Theiguidelines, anfoundation arthe foundatioiAfter this, hethe cement ablocks to matithe designs.roller over thEit and to pres:base and covl

The Floor-LaylApprenticeCto perform allLayer within a

The Floor-LayEFloor Layer irfloors, walls,performs a nuthem are: remwith a putty kitile or other clboxes and keesupplied withwork areas.

apprentice;helper

AM.

Usual DutiesThe Floor Layer appiies blocks, strips,or sheets of shock-absorbing, sound-deadening, or decorative coveringto floors, walls, and cabinets. First,he disconnects and removes suchobstacles as radiators and lightfixtures. Then, he cleans the surfacesand fills cracks with putty, plaster,or cement. He measures and cutscovering and foundation materialsaccording to blueprints and sketches,using a rule, straightedge, linoleumknife, and snips. Next, he spreadsadhesive cement over the floor andcements the foundation material tothe floor. Then, he lays out centerlines,guidelineF, and borderlines on thefoundation and spreads cement onthe foundation material with a trowel.After this, he lays the covering onthe cement and butts the edges ofblocks to match patterns and makethe designs. Finally, he runs a floorroller over the finished floor to smoothit and to press the cement into thebase and covering.The Floor-Layer Apprentice (SeeApprenticeGeneral Comments) learnsto perform all the tasks of the FloorLayer within a given time.The Floor-Layer Helper assists theFloor Layer in applying covering tofloors, walls, and cabinets. Heperforms a number of tasks. Some ofthem are: removing lumps by scrapingwith a putty knife or chisel; removingtile or other covering materials fromboxes and keeping the Floor Layersupplied with materials; and cleaningwork areas.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,u3ually with a 5-day, 40-hour workweek.Work schedule may include evenings,nights, holidays, and weekends.Overtime is usually available. Workis performed indoors in pleasantsurroundings.Employer usually requires workers tohave, or to acquire, their ownhandtools.

QualificationsTo become a Floor Layer, you musteither complete an apprenticeshipprogram that consists of 3 or 4 yearsof related classroom instruction andon-the-job training or learn the workinformally by on-the-job training. Toqualify for an apprenticeship program,you will be given preference if youhave a high school or vocationalschool education, but this qualificationis not always required. Courses inblueprint reading and mathematicsof layout work will be very usefulto you. You generally must bebetween 17 and 30 years of age.You may be required to take tests todetermine your aptitude for the work.As a helper your education is usuallynot important; to progress to better,higher level jobs, it is important.You must be physically able to stand,bend, and kneel for long periods oftime, to work in awkward positions,and to work rapidly and accuratelywith your hands and fingers when usinghandtools and laying coveringmaterials. You must have goodeyesight to measure, cut, and laycovering materials according toblueprints and other specifications.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 15,000 job openingsfor Floor Layers during the next 10years. These job openings will comeabout because of the need to replaceworkers who will retire or leave theirjobs for other reasons and because ofthe need for more Floor Layers dueto the expected rapid increase inconstruction activities. As a result,your chances of getting an apprentice-ship or a job as a helper are verygood.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at floor covering contractors andcommercial construction companies inlarge business centers, usuallylocated in large cities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Develop-ment and Training Act.

rt ,.10fia 1100

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Floor La)may advance to a job as foiinstallation manager, or cosfor a large floor covering firAs an apprentice, you will aa journeyman Floor Layer upsuccessful completion of 3 cof related classroom instructon-the-job training.As a helper, you can, if youadvance to a journeyman orFloor Layer by having theeducation and then applyingapprenticeship or asking yo,for recognition as a traine,

1

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 15,000 job openingsfor Floor Layers during the next 10years. These job openings will comeabout because of the need to replaceworkers who will retire or leave theirjobs for other reasons and because ofthe need for more Floor Layers dueto the expected rapid increase inconstruction activities. As a result,your chances of getting an apprentice-ship or a job as a helper are verygood.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at floor covering contractors andcommercial construction companies inlarge business centers, usuallylocated in large cities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Develop-ment and Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Floor Layer, youmay advance to a job as foreman,installation manager, or cost estimatorfor a large floor covering firm.As an apprentice, you will advance toa journeyman Floor Layer uponsuccessful completion of 3 or 4 yearsof related classroom instruction andon-the-job training.As a helper, you can, if you wish,advance to a journeyman or skilledFloor Layer by having the requirededucation and then applying for anapprenticeship or asking your employerfor recognition as a trainee.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local floorcovering contractor or commercialconstruction company. Register atyour local State Employment Serviceoffice. Ask your high school counseloror trade school instructor for infor-mation. Contact local union officialsfor information. Read the ads inyour daily newspapers. Visit the localoffice of the Civil Service Commissionor your local post office ancrask forinformation.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 2 O.For more information on this kindof work, write to:American Carpet InstituteEmpire State BuildingNew York, N.Y. 10001

Armstrong Cork CompanyLancaster, Pa. 17600

Congoleum-Nairn, Inc.195 Belgrove DriveKearny, N.J. 07032

STRUCTURALWORKOCCUPATIONS

operating engineer;operating-engineer apprentice

^st

UsualThe 0severalequipnearth,steel,machiipumpsshovel:dozersgrader:by theFor exiCranerDerriclskillswork ,imachiiThe 01(See IlearnsOperattime.

g engineer;g-engineer apprentice

Usual DutiesThe Operating Engineer operatesseveral types of power constructionequipment to excavate and gradeearth, erect structural and reinforcingsteel, and pour concrete. Thesemachines include compressors,pumps, hoists, derricks, cranes,shovels, tractors, scrappers, bull-dozers, concrete mixers, and motorgraders. Workers are often identifiedby the type of machine they operate.For example, they may be known asCranemen, Bulldozer Operators, orDerrick Operators. Their range ofskills may vary widely because theywork with many different types ofmachines.

The Operating-Engineer Apprentice(See ApprenticeGeneral Comments)learns to perform all the tasks of theOperating Engineer within a giventime.

Characteristics of JohWork is steady during the warmermonths and may include some slowperiods during the colder months.Work schedule during good weathermay include evenings, nights, holidays,and weekends. Overtime is usuallyavailable. Work is performed outdoors.

..;.QualificationsTo become an Operating Engineer,you must either complete anapprenticeship program that consistsof 3 years of related classroominstruction and on-the-job training orlearn the work informally by on-the-job training. To qualify for anapprenticeship program, you musthave a high school education or itsequivalent. Courses in blueprintreading, electricity, and welding willbe very useful to you. Generally, youmust be between 18 and 25 years ofage. You must take tests to determineyour aptitude for the work.You must be physically able towithstand the constant shaking andjolting caused by the machine you areoperating and to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands andfingers when using handtools andmanipulating various pedals andlevers. You must have good eyesightto operate machines to move earth,steel, or concrete according tospecifications.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 160,000 jobopenings for Operating Engineersduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers who willretire or leave their jobs for otherreasons, and because of the need formore Operating Engineers due to theincrease in highway and otherconstruction. As a result, yourchances of getting an apprenticeshipare very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties. Good chances for findingemployment will be at contractorswho are doing highway, dam, airport,or other large-scale engineeringprojects in large cities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be availablethrough your local State EmploymentService office under the ManpowerDevelopment and Training Act.

;A 4 4

Advancement OpportunilAs an experienced Openyou may advance to a jolof a construction or cofirm. You also may trarto other industries, sucifoundry, and iron and siAs an apprentice, you $.isto a journeyman Operatupon successful compleyears of related classraand on-the-job training.

neer,

onsistsomining oron-the-an

mustn or itsprintIding willIly,years a

determine

e tog ande you arely and

and$ andndeyesightearth,to

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 160,000 jobopenings for Operating Engineersduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers who willretire or leave their jobs for otherreasons, and because of the need formore Operating Engineers due to theincrease in highway and otherconstruction. As a result, yourchances of getting an apprenticeshipare very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties. Good chances for findingemployment will be at contractorswho are doing highway, dam, airport,or other large-scale engineeringprojects in large cities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be availablethrough your local State EmploymentService office under the ManpowerDevelopment and Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Operating Engineer,you may advance to a job as foremanof a construction or contractingfirm. You also may transfer easilyto other industries, such as mining,foundry, and iron and steel.As an apprentice, you will advanceto a journeyman Operating Engineerupon successful completion of 3years of related classroom instructionand on-the-job training.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local generalcontractor or construction firm.Register at your local State Employ-ment Service office. Ask your highschool counselor or trade schoolinstructor for information. Contactlocal union officials for information.Read the ads in your daily newspapers.Visit the local office of the CivilService Commission or your localpost office and ask for information.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 2 O.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Associated General Contractors of

America, Inc.1957 E Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20006

International Union of OperatingEngineers

1125 17th Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20036

Usual DuiThe Paintvarnish, sdecorateexterior slbuildingshe cleansis going tsandpaperholes. Thlby using 'or roller.paints. WscaffoldimThe PaintoGenera Iperform awithin aThe Paintin prepariand decorrelated mexterior sstructuresof tasks.and assecleaningcleaningwork area

/40.

Usual DutiesThe Painter applies coats of paint,varnish, stain, enamel, or lacquer todecorate and protect interior orexterior surfaces and trimmings ofbuildings and other structures. First,he cleans the surface of the area heis going to paint, smoothes it withsandpaper, and fills cracks and nailholes. Then he paints the surfaceby using a paint brush, spray gun,or roller. He also mixes and matchespaints. When necessary, he erectsscaffolding.The Painter Apprentice (See ApprenticeGeneral Comments) learns toperform all the tasks of the Painterwithin a given time.The Painter Helper assists the Painterin preparing and applying protectiveand decorative coats of paint andrelated material to interior andexterior surfaces of buildings andstructures. He performs a numberof tasks. Some of them are: arrangingand assembling scaffolding units;cleaning surfaces for painting; andcleaning brushes, equipment, andwork areas.

/60.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a regular 5-day, 40-hourworkweek. Work time may be affectedby bad weather. Overtime is usuallyavailable. Work is performed bothindoors and outdoors.Some employers require you to furnishyour own work uniforms. Employerusually requires workers to have, orto acquire, their own handtools.

111 4 roi4411.1.

QualificationsTo become a Painter, you must eithercomplete an apprenticeship programthat consists of 3 years of relatedclassroom instruction and on-the-job training or learn the workinformally by on-the-job training. Toqualify for an apprenticeship pro-gram, you usually must have a highschool education. Courses in colorharmony, paint chemistry, and costestimating will be very useful to you.You must be between 16 and 25years of age. You may be requiredto take tests to ciotermine youraptitude for the work.As a helper your education is usuallynot important; to progress to better,higher level jobs, it is important.You must be physically able to standfor long periods of time, to balanceyourself while working on laddersor scaffolding, and to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands andfingers when using handtools,paintbrushes, and paint-spraying guns.You must have good eyesight withnormal color vision to mix paints andmatch colors.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 190,000 jobopenings for Painters during the next10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons andbecause of the need for more Paintersdue to the expected increase in thenumber of homes, office buildings,apartment buildings, and otherstructures. As a result, your chancesof getting an apprenticeship or ajob as a helper are very good.Jobs are found in nearly an communi-ties and in many establishments.Good chances for finding employmentwillbe at construction firms inlarge cities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

.1,1.11al:Cr

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Painter, you mayadvance to a job as foreman,superintendent, or cost estimator inpainting and decorating contractingfirm. You may also easily transferother industries, such as ship-building or aircraft manufacturing,You may also go into business foryourself by opening your ownpainting and decorating shop.As an apprentice, you will advancea journeyman Painter upon successfcompletion of 3 years of relatedclassroom instruction and on-the-jotraining.As a helper, you can, if you wish,advance to a journeyman Painter bhaving the required education, andthen applying for an apprenticeshor asking your employer for recognitas a trainee.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 190,000 jobopenings for Painters during the next10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons andbecause of the need for more Paintersdue to the expected increase in thenumber of homes, office buildings,apartment buildings, and otherstructures. As a result, your chancesof getting an apprenticeship or ajob as a helper are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties and in many establishments.Good chances for finding employmentwill be at construction firms inlarge cities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

Athiancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Painter, you mayadvance to a job as foreman,superintendent, or cost estimator in apainting and decorating contractingfirm. You may also easily transfer toother industries, such as ship-building or aircraft manufacturing.You may also go into business foryourself by opening your ownpainting and decorating shop.As an apprentice, you will advance toa journeyman Painter upon successfulcompletion of 3 years of relatedclassroom instruction and on-the-jobtraining.As a helper, you can, if you wish,advance to a journeyman Painter byhaving the required education, andthen applying for an apprenticeshipor asking your employer for recognitionas a trainee.

Ad.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local paintingand decorating contractor or con-struction company. Register at yourlocal State Employment Service office.Ask your high school counselor forinformation. Contact local unionofficials for information. Read the adsin your daily newspapers. Visit thelocal office of the Civil ServiceCommission or your local post officeand ask for information.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 2 O.For more information on this kindof work, write to:Brotherhood of Painters, Decorators,

and Paperhangers of America217-219 North Sixth StreetLafayette, Ind. 47901Painting end Decorating Contractors

Association of America2625 West Peterson AvenueChicago, Ill. 60605

STRUCTURALWORKOCCUPATIONS

pipe fitter;pipe-fitter apprentice;pipe-fitter helper

320

/49.

Usual CThe Pipmaintairequipmebuildingments.drawing !mine threlatedbends, caccord inhandtoothread inassembland conias soldeAfter pup ipefittpiping ssure thaiThe PipeticeGeperformwithin aiThe PipPipe Fitpiping sperformof themwalls;bracketsto holdand pip

apprentice;helper

320

RoG.

Usual DutiesThe Pipe Fitter assembles, installs, andmaintains piping systems andequipment in homes, commercialbuildings, and industrial establish-ments. He first studies buildingdrawings and specifications to deter-mine the type and size of pipe andrelated materials to use. Then hebends, cuts, and threads the pipesaccording to specifications, usinghandtools and pipe-bending and pipe-threading machines. Next, heassembles the pipes and pipefittingsand connects them by such methodsas soldering, welding, or cementing.After putting all the pipes andpipefittings in place, he tests thepiping system or equipment to makesure that it is installed properly.The Pipe-Fitter Apprentice (See Appren-tice--General Comments). learns toperform all the tasks of the Pipe Fitterwithin a given time.The Pipe-Fitter Helper assists thePipe Fitter in assembling and installingpiping systems and equipment. Heperforms a number of tasks. Someof them are: cutting or drilling holes inwalls; mounting pipe hangers andbrackets on the walls and ceilingsto hold the pipes; and carrying toolsand pipes.

321

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hourworkweek. Work schedule may includeevenings, nights, holidays, andweekends. Overtime is usuallyavailable. Wool( is performed indoorsin a dusty and noisy atmosphere.

QualificationsTo become a Pipe Fitter, you musteither complete an apprenticeshipprogram that consists of 5 years ofrelated classroom instruction andon-the-job training or learn the workinformally by on-the-job training.To qualify for an apprenticeshipprogram, you usually must have a highschool education or its equivalent.Courses in mathematics, physics, andchemistry will be very useful to you.You must be between 16 and 25 yearsof age. You must take tests todetermine your aptitude for the work.As a helper your education is usuallynot important; to progress to better,higher level jobs, it is important.You must be physically able to standfor long periods of time, to work incramped positions, and to work rapidlyand accurately with your hands andfingers when using handtools, markingcivices, and cutting or threadingequipment.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Pipe Fitters during thenext 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of the needto replace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasonsand because of the need for morePipe Fitters due to the large increaseexpected in the use of heating,air-conditioning, and householdappliances in homes, apartment andoffice buildings, and other structures.As a result, your chances of gettingan apprenticeship or a job as a helperare very good.Jobs are found in almost all communi-ties and in many establishments.Good chances for finding employmentwill be at plumbing, heating, andair-conditioning contracting firms inlarge cities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Pipe Fitter, you al;advance to a job as an estimator, aforeman, or a superintendent in alarge construction company. You ahmay transfer easily to other industriessuch as aircraft manufacturing orship and boat building and repairinYou may also go into business foryourself by opening your ownplumbing or pipefitting company. 1

As an apprentice, you will advance tca journeyman Pipe Fitter uponsuccessful completion of 5 years ofrelated classroom instruction andon-the-job training.As a helper, you can, if you wish,advance to a journeyman or skilledPipe Fitter by having the requirededucation, and then applying for anapprenticeship or asking youremployer for recognition as a traine

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Pipe Fitters during thenext 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of the needto replace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasonsand because of the need for morePipe Fitters due to the large increaseexpected in the use of heating,air-conditioning, and householdappliances in homes, apartment andoffice buildings, and other structures.As a result, your chances of gettingan apprenticeship or a job as a helperare very good.Jobs are found in almost all communi-ties and in many establishments.Good chances for finding employmentwill be at plumbing, heating, andair-conditioning contracting firms inlarge cities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Pipe Fitter, you mayadvance to a job as an estimator, aforeman, or a superintendent in alarge construction company. You alsomay transfer easily to other industries,such as aircraft manufacturing orship and boat building and repairing.You may also go into business foryourself by opening your ownplumbing or pipefitting company.As an apprentice, you will advance toa journeyman Pipe Fitter uponsuccessful completion of 5 years ofrelated classroom instruction andon-the-job training.As a helper, you can, if you wish,advance to a journeyman or skilledPipe Fitter by having the requirededucation, and then applying for anapprenticeship or asking youremployer for recognition as a trainee.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any localconstruction company or plumbing orpipefitting shop. Register at yourlocal State Employment Serviceoffice. Ask your high school counselorfor information. Contact local unionofficials for information. Read theads in your daily newspapers. Visitthe local office of the Civil ServiceCommission or your local post officeand ask for information.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 2 0.For more information on this kindof work, write to:National Association of Plumbing-

Heating-Cooling Contractors1016 20th Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20036

United Association of Journeymen andApprentices of the Plumbing andPipe Fitting Industry of the UnitedStates and Canada

901 Massachusetts Avenue, NW.Washington, D.C. 20001

323

if

STRUCTURALWORKOCCUPATIONS

plasterer;plasterer apprentice;plasterer helper

Usual DutiesThe Plasterer applies cto interior walls and cbuildings to produce a fifollowing blueprints, ardrawings, or oral instrhe applies wet plaster tlath, wire lath, or masusing a trowel and a haplate of wood or metal).applies a border of pladesired thickness to theof the wall section to bThen, he fills in the arthem with plaster. He Usurface to the exact thicborders with a straightsmooths it with a long,called a derby. When alast coat of plaster, hedifferent tools and metobtain a variety of roueThe Plasterer ApprenticticeGeneral Commentperform all the tasks ofwithin a given time.The Plasterer Helper asPlasterer in applying pland ceilings. He perforof tasks. Some of thein erecting and movinunits; mixing plaster; cwheeling plaster to thecleaning worktools and

pprentice;elper

/ 14

Usual DutiesThe Plasterer applies coats of plasterto interior walls and ceilings ofbuildings to produce a finished surface,following blueprints, architect'sdrawings, or oral instructions. First,he applies wet plaster to gypsumlath, wire lath, or masonry byusing a trowel and a hawk (a squareplate of wood or metal). Next, heapplies a border of plaster of thedesired thickness to the top and bottomof the wall section to be covered.Then, he fills in the area betweenthem with plaster. He then levels thesurface to the exact thickness of theborders with a straight-edge tool, andsmooths it with a long, flat toolcalled a darby. When applying thelast coat of plaster, he may use severaldifferent tools and methods toobtain a variety of rough finishes.The Plasterer Apprentice (See Appren-ticeGeneral Comments) learns toperform all the tasks of the Plastererwithin a given time.The Plasterer Helper assists thePlasterer in applying plaster to wallsand ceilings. He performs a numberof tasks. Some of them are: assistingin erecting and moving scaffoldingunits; mixing plaster; carrying orwheeling plaster to the worksite; andcleaning worktools and work areas.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hourworkweek. Work schedule may includeevenings, nights, holidays, andweekends. Overtime is usuallyavailable. Work is performed indoorsin pleasant surroundings.Employer usually requires workers tohave, or to acquire, their own handtools.

QualificationsTo become a Plasterer, you mustcomplete an apprenticeship programthat consists of 3 or 4 years ofrelated classroom instruction andon-the-job training or learn the workinformally by on-the-job training.To qualify for an apprenticeshipprogram, you usielly must have a highschool education. Courses in drafting,blueprint reading, and mathematicswill be very useful to you. You mustbe between 18 and 25 years of age.You must take tests to determineyour aptitude for the work.As a helper your education is usuallynot important; to progress to better,higher level jobs, it is important.You must be physically able to standfor long periods of time, to stoopfrequently, and to balance yourselfwhile working on scaffolding. Youmust be able to wotk rapidly andaccurately with your hands andfingers when using handtools. You musthave good eyesight with normal colorvision to mix plaster and apply itto surfaces accotding to specifications.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 20,000 jobopenings for Plasterers during the next10 years. These job openings will comeabout because of the need to replaceworkers who will retire or leave theirjobs for other reasons and because ofthe need for more Plasterers due tothe increasing construction of hbmes,office buildings, apartment buildings,and other structures. As a result, yewrchances of getting an apprenticeshipor a job as a helper are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all commu-nities and in many establishments.Good chances for finding employmentwill be at construction sites in largecities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Develop-ment and Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Plasterer, ycadvance to a job as foreman orestimator in a construction orplastering contracting compan)may aiso go into business forby opening your own plasterinicontracting firm.As an apprentice, you will adv .a journeyman Plasterer upon sucompletion of 3 or 4 years of reclassroom instruction and on-thtraining.As a helper, you can, if youadvance to a journeyman or sPlasterer by having the requireeducation, and then applyingapprenticeship or asking your rfor recognition as a trainee.

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Employment ProspectsThere will be about 20,000 jobopenings for Plasterers during the next10 years. These job openings will comeabout because of the need to replaceworkers who will retire or leave theirjobs for other reasons and because ofthe need for more Plasterers due tothe increasing construction of hOmes,office buildings, apartment buildings,and other structures. As a result, ywrchances of getting an apprenticeshipor a job as a helper are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all commu-nities and in many establishments.Good chances for finding employmentwill be at construction sites in largecities.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Develop-ment and Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesIts an experienced Plasterer, you mayadvance to a job as foreman or costestimator in a construction orplastering contracting company. Youmay aiso go into business for yourselfby opening your own plasteringcontracting firm.As an apprentice, you will advance toa journeyman Plasterer upon successfulcompletion of 3 or 4 years of relatedclassroom instruction and on-the-jobtraining.As a helper, you can, if you wish,advance to a journeyman or skilledPlasterer by having the requirededucation, and then applying for anapprenticeship or asking your employerfor recognition as a trainee.

/45.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local plasteringcontractor or construction company.Register at your local State Employ-ment Service office. Ask your highschool counselor for information.Contact local union officials forinformation. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers. Visit the local officeof the Civil Service Commission oryour local post office and ask forinformation.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 2 O.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Bricklayers, Masons and Plasterers'

International Union of America815 15th Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20005Contracting Plasterers' and Lathers'

International Association304 Landmark Bldg.1343 H Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20005National Bureau for Lathing and

Plastering1725 K Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20006Operative Plasterers' and Cement

Masons' International Association ofthe United States and Canada

1125 17th Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20036

:327

STRUCTURALWORKOCCUPATIONS

plumber;plumber apprentice;plumber helper

n%.3

Usual DutiesThe Plumber a,repairs pipes arwater, and dra,buildings. He for other specif:where pipes arcinstalled, haw I

accessory part,,the steps to tai,,system. He marceilings to indispassageways ofruler, a spirit leand makes opepassage of pipepower tools. ENpipe, using pintorch, and pipebends it, usingHe puts the pipin the walls, ftfastens them inpower tools, soiequipment, boltdevices. Thenplumbing fixturdishwashers, tothem with watepressure gages

The Plumber AApprenticeGeto perform all twithin a givenThe Plumber HPlumber in inspipes and plumperforms a numthem are: cuttiin walls for pihandtools; andtools.

ntice;

/4.

Usual DutiesThe Plumber assembles, installs, andrepairs pipes and fixtures of heating,water, and drainage systems inbuildings. He first studies blueprintsor other specifications to determinewhere pipes and fixtures will beinstallgd, how much piping andaccessory parts will be needed, andthe steps to take in installing thesystem. He marks the walls, floors, andceilings to indicate the positions andpassageways of the pipes, using aruler, a spirit level, and a plumb bob,and makes openings in them forpassage of pipes, using handtools andpower tools. He cuts and threads thepipe, using pipe ditters, a cuttingtorch, and pipethredding machine, andbends it, using a pipe-bending machine.He puts the pipes through the openingsin the walls, floors, or ceilings, andfastens them in place, using handtools,power tools, soldering and weldingequipment, bolts, clamps, and otherdevices. Then he connects all theplumbing fixtures, such as sinks anddishwashers, to the pipes, and fillsthem with water or air and readspressure gages to test them for leaks.The Plumber Apprentice (SeeApprenticeGeneral Comments) learnsto perform all the tasks of the Plumberwithin a given time.The Plumber Helper assists thePlumber in installing and repairingpipes and plumbing fixtures. Heperforms a numbet CT tasks. Some ofthem age: cutting and drilling openingsin =ifs for pipes; threading pipes withhandtools; and canying materials andtools.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hour workweek.Work schedule may include evenings,nights, holidays, and weekends.Overtime is usually available. Work isperformed mostly indoors and ofteninvolves handling dirtx and greasyobjects.Employer usually requires workers tohave, or to acquire, their own handtools.

323 --

QualificationsTo become a Plumber, you must eithercomplete an apprenticeship programthat consists of 5 years of relatedclassroom instruction and on-the-jobtraining or learn the work informally byon-the-job training. To qualify for anapprenticeshp program, you usuallymust have a high school education orits equivalent. Courses in mathematics.physics, and chemistry will be veryuseful to you. You usually must bebetween 16 and 25 years of age. Youmay be required to take tests todetermine your aptitude for the work.In most cities you must have ajourneyman's license. To obtain thislicense you must pass a specialexamination to show your knowledgeof the local building codes and yourknowledge of plumbing.As a helper your education is usuallynot important; to progress to better,higher level jobs, it is important.You must be physically able to lift andcarry heavy objects, to work in crampedplaces and in awkward positions, tostand for long periods of time, toclimb ladders and to balance yourselfon them while working, and to workrapidly and accurately with your handsand fingers when using landtools andwork aids.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Plumbers during the next10 years. These job openings will comeabout beczuse of the need to replaceworkers woo will retire or leave theirjobs for other reasons, and because ofthe need for more Plumbers due to thebig increase expected in the construc-tion of homes, office buildings,apartments, and in the uso ofappliances. As a result, your chancesof getting an apprenticeship or a jobas a helper are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties and in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment will bewith plumbing and pipefitting contrac-tors in building construction and withindependent repair shops in large cities.Preapprenticeship training for this kindof work may be available through yourlocal State Employment Service officeunder the Manpower Development andTraining Act.

330

Advancement OpportunitieAs an experienced Plumbiadvance to a job as fore,contracting firm. You mas,business for yourself byown repair shop.As an apprentice, you willjourneyman Plumber upo,icompletion of 5 years ofclassroom instruction andtraining.As a helper, you can, ifadvance to a journeymanPlumber by having the reeducation, and then app,apprenticeship or askingfor recognition as a train

/6"

nployment Prospectsere will be many thousands of jobenings for Plumbers during t'le nextyears. These job openings will come

lout because of the need to replacerkers who will retire or leave their

as for other reasons, and because ofe need for more Plumbers due to the, increase expected in the construe-n of homes, office buildings,artments, and in the use ofpliances. As a result, your chancesgetting an apprenticeship or a joba helper are very good.

bs are found in nearly all communi-s and in many establishments. Goodances for finding employment will beth plumbing and pipelining contrac-s in building construction and withlependent repair shops in large cities.eapprenticeship training for this kindwork may be available through youral State Employment Service officeder the Manpower Development andaining Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Plumber, you mayadvance to a job as foreman in acontracting firm. You may also go intobusiness for yourself by opening yourown repair shop.As an apprentice, you will advance to ajourneyman Plumber upon successfulcompletion of 5 years of relatedclassroom instruction and on-the-jobtraining.As a helper, you can, if you wish,advance to a journeyman or skilledPlumber by having the requitededucation, and then applying for anapprenticeship or asking your employerfor recognition as a trainee.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel offce of any local independ-ent plumbing and pipefitting contractor,independent repair shop, somegovernment agencies and publicutility cjmpanies, or shipbuilding oraircraft manufacturing firms. Registerat your local State Employment Serviceoffice. Ask your high school counselorfor information. Contact local unionofficials for information. Read the adsin your daily newspapers. Visit thelocal office of the Civil ServiceCommission or your local post officeand ask for information.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 20.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:National Association of Plumbing-

Heating-Cooling Contractors1016 20th Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20036United Association of Journeymen and

Apprentices of the Plumbing andPipe Fitting Industry of the UnitedStates and Canada

901 Massachusetts Avenue, NW.Washington, D.C. 20001

.;-.0 JL.

STRUCTURALWORKOCCUPATIONS

sheet-metal worker;sheet-metal-worker apprentice;sheet-metal-shop helper

Usual DutiesThe Sheet-Metal VIinstalls, and repaproducts, such astors, and furnacereads the job ord,find out the kind (the size and shapipart. Then he mcdimension and refmetal parts, usinga compass, rule,Next, he sets up alto cut, bend, or stothen hammers thfor block into the 1

welds the parts tsmooths the seamsurfaces, using fillinspects the finistsure that it meetscalipers, rfliCrorne1measuring instrunThe Sheet-Metal-14ApprenticeGeneto perform all theMetal Worker witThe Sheet-Metal-the Sheet-Metalsheetmetal produHe performs a nuof them are: liftiremoving workpiecleaning and scand painting me

rker;rker apprentice;op helper

Usual DutiesThe Sheet-Metal Worker assembles,installs, and repairs sheetmetalproducts, such as drainpipes, ventila-tors, and furnace casings. First, hereads the job order or blueprints tofind out the kind of metal to use andthe size and shape of the product orpart. Then he measures and marksdimension and reference lines on themetal parts, using such instruments asa compass, rule, scribe, and punch.Next, he sets up and operates machinesto cut, bend, or straighten the parts. Hethen hammers the parts on an anvilor block into the desired shapes. Hewelds the parts together, and thensmooths the seams, joints, and burredsurfaces, using files and grinders. Heinspects the finished product to makesure that it meets specifications, usingcalipers, micrometers, and othermeasuring instruments.The Sheet-Metal-Worker Apprentice (SeeApprentice--General Comments) learnsto perform all the tasks of the Sheet-Metal Worker within a given time.The Sheet-Metal-Shop Helper assiststhe Sheet-Metal Worker in fabricatingsheetmetal products and equiPment.He performs a number of tasks. Someof them are: lifting, positioning, andremoving workpieces from machines;cleaning and scraping metal pieces;and painting metal stock.

333

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a regular 5-day, 40-hourworkweek. Work is performed bothindoors and outdoors.Employer may require workers to have,or to acquire, their own handtools.

QualificationsTo become a Sheet-Metal Worker, youmust either complete an apprentices)ipprogram that consists of 4 years ofrelated classroom instruction and on-the-job training or learn the workinformally by on-the-job training. Toqualify for an apprenticeship program,you usually must have a high schooleducation. Courses in mathematics,drafting, and sheetmetal work invocational school will be very usefulto you. You usually must be between16 and 23 years of age. You may berequired to take tests to determine youraptitude for the work.As a helper your education is usuallynot important; to progress to better,higher level jobs, it is important.You must be physically able to lift andcarry heavy objects; to stand for longperiods of time; to work in crampedplaces and awkward positions; toclimb ladders and to balance yourselfon them while working; and to workrapidly and accurately with your handsand fingers when using handtools anddrawing and marking instruments.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 21,000 job openingsfor Sheet-Metal Woikers during the next10 years. These job openings will comeabout because of the need to replaceworkers who will retire or leave theirjobs for other reasons and because ofthe need for more Sheet-Metal Workersdue to the rapid increase in theconstruction of homes, office buildings,factories, and other structures and inthe use of air-conditioning systems. Asa result, your chances of getting anapprenticeship or a job as a helper arevery good.Jobs are found in many communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment will bewith construction companies, sheet-metal contracting firms, andmanufacturing establishments thatfabricate sheetmetal products andequipment, usually located in largecities.Preapprenticeship training for this kindof work may be available through yourlocal State Employment Service officeunder the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs.an experienced Sheet-Meyou may advance to a jobor superintendent of a !at;struction company. You nieasily transfer to other indsuch as aircraft manufactoshipbuilding. You may alsobusiness for yourself by opfown repair shop or contractAs an apprentice, you willa journeyman Sheet-Metalsuccessful completion of 4related classroom instructicon-the-job training.As a helper, you can, if yoiadvance to a journeymanSheet-Metal Worker by hawrequired education, and theifor an apprenticeship or asemployer for recognition as

yment Prospectswill be about 21,000 job openings

,eet-Metal Workers during the nextrs. These job openings will comebecause of the need to replace

rs who will retire or leave theiror other reasons and because of.ed for more Sheet-Metal Workers

the rapid increase in theuction of homes, office buildings,les, and other structures and ine of air-conditioning systems. AsIt, your chances of getting an

nticeship or a job as a helper areood.are found in many communities

many establishments. Goodes for finding employment will beconstruction companies, sheet-

contracting firms, andacturing establishments thatate sheetmetal products andment, usually located in large

orenticeship training for this kindk may be available through yourState Employment Service officethe Manpower Development

raining Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Sheet-Metal Worker,you may advance to a job as foremanor superintendent of a large con-struction company. You may alsoeasily transfer to other industries,such as aircraft manufacturing andshipbuilding. You may also go intobusiness for yourself by opening yourown repair shop or contracting firm.As an apprentice, you will advance toa journeyman Sheet-Metal Worker uponsuccessful completion of 4 years ofrelated classroom instruction andon-the-job training.As a helper, you can, if you wish,advance to a journeyman or skilledSheet-Metal Worker by having therequired education, and then applyingfor an apprenticeship or asking youremployer for recognition as a trainee.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local construc-tion firm, independent sheetmetalcontracting firm, government orbusiness establishment that does itsown construction or alteration work,or plants or factories that fabricate andinstall heating, refrigeration, andair-conditioning eouipment. Register atyour local State Employment Serviceoffice. Ask your high school counselorfor information. Contact local unionofficials for information. Read the adsin your daily newspapers. Visit thelocal office of the Civil ServiceCommission or your local post officeand ask for information.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 2 0.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning

Contractors' National Association,Inc.

107 Center StreetElgin, III. 60120

Sheet Metal Workers' InternationalAssociation

1000 Connecticut Avenue, NW.Washington, D.C. 20036

4.

STRUCTURALWORKOCCUPATIONS

telephone installer

Usual DutiesThe Telephone Installer installsremoves telephones in homes andplaces of business. As a start,inspects Pie working area to detehow he is going to install thetelephones. Then he climbs pole-attaches outside wires. Next, hconnects telephone cable terminawith inside wires. Following thisinstalls the related inside wiringdoing this, he uses handtools afollows installation diagrams. Lahe tests the telephones to makethat everything is working properl

taller

/76.

Usual DutiesThe Telephone Installer installs andremoves telephones in homes andplaces of business. As a start, heinspects the working area to determinehow he is going to install thetelephones. Then he climbs poles andattaches outside wires. Next, heconnects telephone cable terminalswith inside wires. Following this, heinstalls the related inside wiring. Indoing this, he uses handtools andfollows installation diagrams. Lastly,he tests the te!ephones to make surethat everything is working properly.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hour workweek.Work schedule may include evenings,nights, holidays, and weekends.Overtime is usually available. Work isperformed indoors and outdoors in allkinds of weather.

." e%,

Qua I ificationsTo become a Telephone Installer, youmust complete about 7 months ofclassroom and on-the-job training. Youmust have a high school or vocationalschool education. Courses in mathe-matics, physics, speech, and shopworkwill be very useful to you. You musttake tests to determine your aptitudefor the work.You must be physically able to climbtelephone poles, to work in crampedpositions, and to work rapidly andaccurately with your hands and fingerswhen using handtools and work aids.You must have good eyesight withnormal color vision to work withdifferent colors of wires.You must be friendly, patient, andtactful in order to get along well withcustomers.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Telephone Installersduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers who willretire or leave their jobs for otherreasons and because of the need formore Telephone Installers to meet theneeds of the expected increase in theuse of telephones as the populationgrows and moves from place to place.As a result, your chances of getting ajob are good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties and in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment will beat telephone companies in large cities.

338

AdvancemAs an expyou may zjob of PE

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Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Telephone Installersduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers who willretire or leave their jobs for otherreasons and because of the need formore Telephone Installers to meet theneeds of the expected increase in theuse of telephones as the populationgrows and moves from place to place.As a result, your chances of getting ajob are good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties and in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment will beat telephone companies in large cities.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Telephone Installer,you may advance to the higher payingjob of PBX (switchboard) installer.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local telephonecompany. Register at yuur local StateEmployment Service office. Ask yourhigh school counselor for information.Contact local union officials forinformation. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Alliance of Independent Telephone

UnionsRoom 302,1422 Chestnut StreetPhiladelphia, Pa. 19102

Communications Workers of America1925 K Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20006

International Brotherhood of Electrical.Workers

1200 15th Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20005

339

STRUCTURALWORKOCCUPATIONS

tHe setter;tile-setter apprentice;tile-setter helper

Usual DiThe Tilefloors, a rspecificablueprintsurfaceswork. Tfmeta; latwith tinsurfacesNext, hethe lathplaster tiusing astrips prthicknes:aspha It).spreadstrowel a r

he sprealthe flooriHe cutscutters aand tapshandle.The TileApprenticto perforTile SettlThe Ti le-Tile Settfloors, arnumbererectingcleaning

prentice;Iper

Usual DutiesThe Tile Setter applies tile to walls,floors, and ceilings, 4ollowing designspecifications. First, he examinesblueprints, measures and markssurfaces to be covered, and lays out thework. Then, he measures and cutsmetal lath to size for walls and ceilingswith tin snips, and tacks the lath tosurfaces with a staple gun or hammer.Next, he spreads a plaster base overthe lath with a trowel and levels theplaster to the specified thickness,using a screed (wooden or metalstrips properly spaced to gauge thethickness of plaster, concrete, orasphalt). In laying tile floors, hespreads concrete on the subfloor with atrowel and levels it with a screed; orhe spreads mastic or other adhesive onthe flooring, using a serrated spreader.He cuts and shapes the tile with tilecutters and biters, positions the tile,and taps it in place with a trowelhandle.

The Tile-Setter Apprentice (SeeApprentice--General Comments) learnsto perform all the tasks of theTile Setter within a given time.The Tile-Setter Helper assists theTile Setter in applying tile to walls,floors, and ceilings. He performs 3number of tasks. Some of them are:erecting scaffolding; mixing mortar; andcleaning work tools and work areas.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hour workweek.Work schedule may include evenings,nights, holidays, and weekends.Overtime' is usually available. Work isperformed both indoors and outdoors.Work is not considered as hazardous,but there is a possibility of falling whenwork is being performed on scaffolds.Employer usually requires workers tohave, or to acquire, their ownhandtools.

QualificationsTo become a Tile Setter, you must eithercomplete an apprenticeship programthat consists of 3 years of relatedclassroom instruction and on-the-jobtraining or learn the work informally byon-the-job training. To qualify for anapprenticeship program, you usuallymust have a high school education orits equivalent. Courses in blueprintreading, layout work, basic mathematics,art, and shop practices will be veryuseful to you. You usually must bebetween 17 and 22 years of age.As a helper your education is usuallynot important; to progress to better,higher level jobs, it is important.You must be physically able to standfor long periods of time, to stoopfrequently, to balance yourself whileworking on scaffolding, and to workrapidly and accurately with your handsand fingers when using handtools. Youmust have good eyesight with normalcolor vision to aline the tile andmaintain color harmony according tospecifications.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Tile Setters during thenext 10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire or leavetheir jobs for other reasons and becauseof the need for more Tile Setters due tothe expected rapid expansion inconstruction activity. As a result, yourchances of getting an apprenticeshipor a job as a helper are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties and in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at construction sites in large cities.Preapprenticeship training for this kindof work may be available through yourloicai State Employment Service officeunder the Manpower Development andTraining Act.

4 2''

Advancement OpportunitiiAs an experienced Tile Seadvance to a job as forernTile Setters in a large colcontracting company. Yotinto business for yourselfyour own contracting firrAs an apprentice, you wia journeyman Tile Settersuccessful completion oiof related classroom insion-the-job training.As a helper, you can, if yadvance to a journeymanTile Setter by having eduhigh school level or its ecthen applying for an appor asking your employer fias a trainee.

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Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Tile Setters during thenext 10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire or leavetheir jobs for other reasons and becauseof the need for more Tile Setters due tothe expected rapid expansion incortstruction activity. As a result, yourchances of getting an apprenticeshipor a job as a helper are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties and in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at construction sites in large cities.Preapprenticeship training for this kindof work may be available through youridcal State Employment Service officeunder the Manpower Development andTraining Act.

342:

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Tile Setter, you mayadvance to a job as foreman over otherTile Setters in a large construction orcontracting company. You may also gointo business for yourself by openingyour own contracting firm.As an apprentice, you will adVance toa journeyman Tile Setter uponsuccessful completion of 3 yearsof related classroom instruction andon-the-job training.As a helper, you can, if you wish,advance to a journeyman or skilledTile Setter by having education at ahigh school level or its equivalent, andthen applying for an apprenticeshipor asking your employer for recognitionas a trainee.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local con-struction or contracting company.Register at your local State Employ-ment Service office. Ask your highschool counselor or trade schoolinstructor for information. Contactlocal union officials for information.Read the ads in your daily newspapers.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 2 O.For more information on this kindof work, write to:National Terrazzo and Mosaic

Association, Inc.1420 New York Avenue, NW.Washington, D.C. 20005

Tile Contractors'.Association of America1420 New York Avenue, NW.Washington, D.C. 20005

.fte 4,1

i) 1.)

1

STRUCTURALWORKOCCUPATIONS

welder;welder apprentice;welder helper

..r._411_ _J1

C% A 40 90*

Usual DutilThe Welderfabricated,parts to assas machinEfurnace shEparts. In pblueprintswelding chselects thelayout, assltechniqueknowledgepropertiesallowancesweld shrinkThen he laand fits thclamps, ansecure theLastly, heequipmentThe WeideGeneralform all thwithin a gThe Weldeto positionfabricatedand otherassemblyproducts.tasks. Somoving blto hold paclamps anparts, usintransportinparts; buclthe work a

prentice;lper

171.

Usual DutiesThe Welder positions, fits, and weldsfabricated, cast, and forged metalparts to assemble structural forms, suchas machinery frames, tanks,furnace shells, and building and bridgeparts. In planning his work, he usesblueprints and his knowledge ofwelding characteristics of metal. Heselects the equipment and plans thelayout, assembly, and weldingtechnique to be used by applying hisknowledge of geometry, physicalproperties of metal, effects of heat,allowances for thickness, machining,weld shrinkage, and welding techniques.Then he lays out, positions, alines,and fits the parts together, and bolts,clamps, and tack-welds parts tosecure them in position for welding.Lastly, he sets up arc or gas-weldingequipment and welds the parts.The Welder Apprentice (See ApprenticeGeneral Comments) learns to per-form all the tasks of the Welderwithin a given time.The Welder Helper assists the Welderto position, aline, and fit togetherfabricated plates, structural shapes,and other parts preparatory toassembly into structural fabricatedproducts. He performs a number oftasks. Some of them are: placing andmoving blocking, braces, and jigsto hold parts; positioning and turningclamps and bolting together straps orparts, using hand or power wrenches;transporting tools, fixtures, andparts; bucking rivets; and sweepingthe work area.

11

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hour workweek.Work schedule may include evenings,nights, holidays, and weekends.Overtime is usually available. Workis performed both indoors and outdoors.

QualificationsTo become a Welder, you must eithercomplete an apprenticeship programthat consists of 4 years of relatedclassroom instruction and on-the-jobtraining or learn the work informallyby on-the-job training. To qualify foran apprenticeship program, youusually must have a high school orvocational school education withtraining in welding methods. Coursesin mathematics, physics, mechanicaldrawing, and blueprint reading willbe very useful to you. You musttake tests to determine your aptitudefor the work. In most States youmust have a Welder's license. Toobtain this license you must pass awritten examination and also showthat you can do the work.As a helper your education is usuallynot important; to progress to better,higher level jobs, it is important.You must be physically able to standfor long periods of time, to workin cramped positions, and to workrapidly and accurately with yourhands and fingers when using hand-tools. You must have good eyesightto perform welding assignmentsaccording to specifications.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 230,000 jobopenings for Welders during the next10 years. These job openings willcome about because of the need toreplace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons andbecause of the need for more Weldersdue to the general expansion of weldedsteel structures in the constructionindustry. As a result, your chancesof getting an apprenticeship or ajob as a helper are very good.Jobs are found in many communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment will beat construction companies in largecities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

rt.0

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Welder, you maadvance to a job as welding techniciinspector, or foreman. You may aleasily transfer to other industries,such as automobile manufacturing,aircraft manufacturing, or ship andboat building and repairing. Youmay also go into business foryourself by opening your own weldiand repair shop.As an apprentice, you will advanca journeyman Welder upon successcompletion of 4 years of relatedclassroom instruction and on-the-jotraining.As a helper, you can, if you wish,advance to a journeyman or skilled 4Welder by having the requirededucation, and then applying for aapprenticeship or asking youremployer for recognition as a train

oyrnent Prospectswill be about 230,000 job

ngs for Welders during the nextears. These job openings willabout because of the need toe workers who will retire ortheir jobs for other reasons and

Ise of the need for more Weldersthe general expansion of welded

structures in the constructiontry. As a result, your chancestting an apprenticeship or as a helper are very good.are found in many communitiesn many establishments. Goodes for finding employment will be

nstruction companies in large

kind of work is available to bothand women.3prenticeship training for thisof work may be available throughlocal State Employment Serviceunder the Manpower Development

1-raining Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Welder, you mayadvance to a job as welding technician,inspector, or foreman. You may alsoeasily transfer -to other industries,such as automobile manufacturing,aircraft manufacturing, or ship andboat building and repairing. Youmay also go into business foryourself by opening your own weldingand repair shop.As an apprentice, you will advance toa journeyman Welder upon successfulcompletion of 4 years of relatedclassroom instruction and on-the-jobtraining.As a helper, you can, if you wish,advance to a journeyman or skilledWelder by having the requirededucation, and then applying for anapprenticeship or asking youremployer for recognition as a trainee.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local construc-tion company or general welding andrepair shop. Register at your localState Employment Service office.Ask your high school counselor forinformation. Contact local unionofficials for information. Read the adsin your daily newspapers. Visit thelocal office of the Civil ServiceCommission or your local post office andask for information.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 2 O.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:

The American Welding Society345 East 47th StreetNew York, N.Y. 10017

International Association of Machinistsand Aerospace Workers

1300 Connecticut Avenue, NW.Washington, D.C. 20036

International Brotherhood of Boiler-makers, Iron Shipbuilders, Black-smiths, Forgers, and Helpers

8th at State AvenueKansas City, Kan. 66101

International Union, United Automobile,Aerospace, and Agricultural Imple-ment Workers of America

8000 East Jefferson AvenueDetroit, Mich. 48214

United Association of Journeymen andApprentices of the Plumbing andPipe Fitting Industry of the UnitedStates and Canada

901 Massachusetts Avenue, NW.Washington, D.C. 20001

r

MISCELLANEOUSOCCUPATIONS

automobile-service-stationattendant

sn 4 otViP

/

"

Usual DutiesThe AutomotAttendant setrucks, and cIn responsehe puts gascand water intwashes theirlubricates v(oil, and replair filters, anoccasions hetires, fills rand changesmay replaceand wash ancHe collectsand suppliescredit card s

Usual DutiesThe Automobile-Service-StationAttendant services automobiles, buses,trucks, and other automotive vehicles.In response to customers' requests,he puts gasoline, diesel fuel, oil,and water into their vehicles, andwashes their windshields. He alsolubricates vehicles, changes motoroil, and replaces accessories, oil filters,air filters, and fan belts. On otheroccasions he repairs and replacestires, fills radiators With antifreeze,and changes spark plugs. He alsomay replace lights and light bulbsand wash and wax vehicles.He c:ollects payment for servicesand supplies in cash or by completingcredit card sales form.

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5- or 6-day, 40- to 48-hour workweek. Work schedule mayinclude evenings, nights, holidays, andwakends. Work is performed mostlyoutdoors in all kinds of weatherand often involves handling dirty andgreasy object,.Some employers furnish work uniforms.

. 4.2 9

QualificationsTo become an Automobile-Service-Station Attendant, you must completea few weeks of on-the-job training.You will be given preference if youhave a high school education, but it isnot always required. Courses inarithmetic, bookkeeping, and auto-mobile repair work in a vocationalschool will be very useful to you.You usually must have a driver'slicense to drive customers' vehicleson the premises of the service stationand when driving a company-ownedvehicle to provide road services.You must be physically able to lift andcarry heavy objects, such as batteriesand automobile wheels, to work incramped places and awkwardpositions, and to work well with yourhands and fingers when using handtools.You must be friendly, courteous,neat, and able to speak well withcustomers.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 90,000 jobopenings for Automobile-Service-Station Attendants during the next 10years. These job openings will comeabout 'because of the need to replaceworkers who will retire or leave theirjobs for other reasons and because ofthe need for more Automobile-Service-Station Attendants to service theever-increasing number of automobilesand to perform additional mainte-nance on the newer, more complexcars. As a result, your chances ofgetting a job are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communi-ties. Good chances for findingemployment will bs in the larger cities.As-a student you can usually obtainpart-time and summer work in almostany community.Training for this kind of work maybe available through your local StateEmployment Service office under theManpower Development and TrainingAct.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Automobile-SeStation Attendant, you may advancto a job as an assistant manager.a night manager, or a station manaYou also may go into business foryourself by opening your own servlstation or by leasing one.

mployment Prospectshere will be about 90,000 jobpenings for Automobile-Service-tation Attendants during the next 10ears. These job openings will comebout 'because of the need to replaceorkers who will retire or leave their

obs for other reasons and because ofhe need for more Automobile-Service-'tation Attendants to service the

ever-increasing number of automobilesnd to perform additional mainte-

lance on the newer, more complexars. As a result, your chances ofettIng a job are very good.obs are found in nearly all communi-ies. Good chances for findingmployment will be in the larger cities.s a student you can usually obtainart-time and summer work in almostny community.raining for this kind cf work maye available through your local State

_mployment Service office under theanpower Development and Trainingct.

350

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Automobile-Service-Station Attendant, you may advanceto a job as an assistant manager,a night manager, or a station manager.You also may go into business foryourself by opening your own servicestation or by leasing one.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any localgasoline service station or any oilcompany. Register at your localState Employment Service office.Ask your high school counselor forinformation. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers.For more information on this kindof work, write to:American Petroleum Institute,

Marketing Division1271 Avenue of the AmericasNew York, N.Y. 10020

MISCELLANEOUSOCCUPATIONS

bookbinder;bookbinder apprentice

Usual DutiesThe Bookbinder bitor pamphlets andfinishing operatiomproduction procediorder. As a start, 1

sheets into one orthe sheets will beNext, he inserts atthat have been prThen he sews theillustrations togethorder to form the I

this, he shapes thpower presses andThen he glues fabtbacks of the bookreinforcement. Fqglues or pastes thbook bodies. Lastof a variety of fini,such as embossingon the book coversbooks in paper jacThe Bookbinder AIApprenticeGenerto perform all theBookbinder within

Usual DutiesThe Bookbinder binds covers to booksor pamphlets and performs bookfinishing operations. He determines theproduction procedures from the joborder. As a start, he folds the printedsheets into one or more units so thatthe sheets will be in proper order.Next, he inserts any illustrationsthat have been printed separately.Then he sews the units andillustrations together in the properorder to form the book body. Afterthis, he shapes the book bodies withpower presses and trimming machines.Then he glues fabric strips to thebacks of the book bodies forreinforcement. Fo!lowing this, heglues or pastes the covers onto thebook bodies. Lastly, he performs anyof a variety of finishing operations,such as embossing lettering or designson the book covers, and wraps thebooks in paper jackets.The Bookbinder Apprentice (SeeApprentice---General Comments) learnsto perform all the tasks of theBookbinder within a given time.

/71.

a53

Characteristics of JohWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a regu!ar 5-day, 40-hourworkweek. Overtime is usuallyavailable. Work is performed indoorsin pleasant surroundings.

QualificationsTo become a Bookbinder, you musteither complete an apprenticeshipprogram that consists of 4 or 5 yearsof related classroom instruction andon-the-job training or learn the workinformally by on-the-job training.To qualify for an apprenticeshipprogram, you must have a high schooleducation. Courses in art and machineshop operations will be very usefulto you. You must be at least 18 yearsof age. You must take tests todetermine your aptitude for the work.You must be able to work rapidlyand accurately with your hands andfingers when using handtools, powerpresses, and trimming machines. Youmust have good eyesight with normalcolor vision to assemble printedsheets and renovate old, worn bookbindings.

Employment ProspectsThere will be about 6,000 job openingsfor Bookbinders during the next10 years. These job openings willcome about mostly because of theneed to replace workers who willretire or leave their jobs for otherreasons. As a result, your chances ofgetting an apprenticeship are notvery good.Jobs are found in many communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment winbe at commercial printing establish-ments in large cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

Advancement OpportuAs an experienced Bc

you may advance to aof the bindery departipublishing firm. Youinto business for youlyour own bookbindingAs an apprentice, youjourneyman Bookbindsuccessful completionof related classroom 1on-the-job training.

yment Prospectswill be about 6,000 job openingsokbinders during the next

ars. These job openings willabout mostly because of theto replace workers who willor leave their jobs for others. As a result, your chances of

a an apprenticeship are not,00d.are found in many communitiesn many establishments. Good.es for finding employment willt commercial printing establish-s in large cities.kind of work is available to bothand v:omen.prenticeship training for thisof work may be available throughlocal State Employment Service

under the Manpower Development

Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Bookbinder,

you may advance to a job as foreman

of the bindery department of apublishing firm. You may also gointo business for yourself by opening

your own bookbinding shop.

As an apprentice, you will advance to ajourneyman Bookbinder uponsuccessful completion of 4 or 5 yearsof related classroom instruction andon-the-job training.

/7P.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local book-binding shop or the bindery departmentof any commercial printing plant orpublishing firm. Register at yourlocal State Employment Service office.

Ask your high school counselor forinformation. Contact local unionofficials for information. Read the ads

in your daily newspapers. Visit thelocal office of the Civil ServiceCommission or your local post office

and ask for information.

For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 2 O.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:

International Brotherhood of

Bookbinders1612 K Street, NW.Washington, D.C. 20016

Printing Industries of America, Inc.20 Chevy Chase Circle, NW.Washington, D.C. 20015

355

MISCELLANEOUSOCCUPATIONS

compositor;compositor apprentice

35.6

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Usual DutiesThe Compositor sets type by harmachine for printing articles,headings, and other printed nFirst, he selects the type stylesize according to instructions fojob to be done. Then, he selecletter at a time and puts it in a Icalled a composing stick. NexIinserts lead, brass, or copper toeven out the line. After this, I

inserts lead slugs or lines of qto adjust the length of the whasetup. Then, when the stick i;he dumps the type from theto another tray called a galley.Following this, he fastens the tytogether tightly, inks the typpresses paper against it. Inthis, he produces a sample of thprinted articles which is calleproof. Finally, he examines theproof and corrects any mistakesmay have been made in settingtype. After the job is finished, hcleans the type and returns it tostorage case.

The Compositor Apprentice (SeeApprenticeGeneral Comments)to perform all the tasks of thCompositor within a given time.

t357

Usual DutiesThe Compositor sets type by hand andmachine for printing articles,headings, and other printed matter.First, he selects the type style andsize according to instructions for thejob to be done. Then, he selects oneletter at a time and puts it in a traycalled a composing stick. Next, heinserts lead, brass, or copper toeven out the line. After this, heinserts lead slugs or lines of quadsto adjust the length of the wholesetup. Then, when the stick is full,he dumps the type from the stickto another tray called a galley.Following this, he fastens the typetogether tightly, inks the type, andpresse3 paper against it. In doingthis, he produces a sample of theprinted articles which is called aproof. Finally, he examines theproof and corrects any mistakes thatmay have been made in setting thetype. After the job is finished, hecleans the type and returns it to itsstorage case.The Compositor Apprentice (SeeApprenticeGeneral Comments) learnsto perform all the tasks of theCompositor within a given time.

357

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 35- to 40-hourworkweek. Work schedule may includeevenings, nights, holidays, andweekends. Overtime is usuallyavailable. Work is performed indoorssometimes in a noisy and hotatmosphere.

QualificationsTo become a Compositor, you musteither complete an apprenticeshipprogram that consists of 6 years ofrelated classroom instruction andon-the-job training or learn the workinformally by on-the-job training.To qualify for an apprenticeshipprogram, you usually must have a highschool education. Courses in Englishgrammar and spelling, typing, andphotography will be very useful to you.You must take tests to determineyour aptitude for the work.You must be physically able to stand forlong periods of time and to workrapidly and accurately with yourhands and fingers when usinghandtools. You must have goodeyesight with normal color vision toset type according to specifications.

Employment ProspectsThere will only be a few hundred jobopenings for Compositors during thenext 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of the needto replace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons.As a result, your chances of gettin3an apprenticeship are only fair.Jobs are found in many communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding empioyment willbe at newspaper plants, commercialprinting shops, or publishing firms inlarge cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

358 ,

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Compositor, yoadvance to a job as foreman of tcomposing room in a newspapecommercial printing shop.As an apprentice, you will advana journeyman Compositor uponsuccessful completion of 6 yearsrelated classroom instruction andon-the-job training.

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Employment ProspectsThere will only be a few hundred jobopenings for Compositors during thenext 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of the needto replace workers who will retire orleave their jobs for other reasons.As a result, your chances of gettingan apprenticeship are only fair.Jobs are found in many communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at newspaper plants, commercialprinting shops, or publishing firms inlarge cities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Compositor, you mayadvance to a job as foreman of thecomposing room in a newspaper orcommerciall printing shop.As an apprentice, you will advance toa journeyman Compositor uponsuccessful completion of 6 years ofrelated classroom instruction andon-the-job training.

/1/

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any localnewspaper plant, commercial printingshop, or book and periodical printingplant. Register at your local StateEmployment Service office. Ask yourhigh school counselor for information.Contact local union officials forinformation. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers. Visit the localoffice of the Civil Service Commissionor your local post office and ask forinformation.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 2 O.For more information on this kindof work, write to:International Typographical UnionP. 0. Box 157Colorado Springs, Colo. 80901

International Typographic CompositionAssociation, Inc.

2333 Wisconsin Avenue, NW.Washington, D.C. 20007

Printing Industries of America, Inc.20 Chevy Chase Circle, NW.Washington, D.C. 20015

359 -

MISCELLANEOUSOCCUPATIONS

parking-lotattendant

ett.)OU

Usual DutiesTh Parking-Lot Attendant parkEautomobiles for customers in aparking lot or a storage garagEcollects fees for the service.He places a numbered tag on Iwindshield of an automobile Iparked and then hands the cussimilar tag to be used later inlocating the parked car. Next,records the time of entrance ocar onto the lot and then drivia parking space or points out afor the driver of the car to parkWhen a customer calls for hishe accepts money from him ancchange. Thtn he takes the nuntag, locates the car, and drivesto the customer or directs thecustomer to his car. He also pzthe parking area to prevent theft

US Usual Duties

-lotnt

r%

01)

Th Parking-Lot Attendant parksautomobiles for customers in aparking lot or a storage garage andcollects fees for the service.He places a numbered tag on thewindshield of an automobile to beparked and then hands the customer asimilar tag to be used later inlocating the parked car. Next, herecords the time of entrance of thecar onto the lot and then drives it toa parking space or points out a spacefor the driver of the car to park in.When a customer calls for his car,he accepts money from him and makeschange. Then he takes the numberedtag, locates the car, and drives itto the customer or directs thecustomer to his car. He also patrolsthe parking area to prevent thefts.

3131

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5- or 6-day, 40- to 48-hour workweek. Work schedule mayinclude evenings, nights, holidays,and weekends. Work is performedboth indoors and outdoors in all kindsof weather.Employer usually furnishes workuniforms if they are required.

QualificationsYou don't have to have any high schooleducation, but some is preferred.You must have a driver's license andbe at least 18 years of age.You must be physically able tc., beon your feet for long periods of timeduring a workday. You must havegood eyesight to park cars withinlimited space.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Parking-Lot Attendantsduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers whowill leave their jobs for variousreasons, and because of the need formore Parking-Lot Attendants tohandle the ever-increasing number ofcars and the increasing number ofparking lots and garages. As a result,your chances of getting a job arevery good.Jobs are found in almost all communi-ties. Good chances for findingemployment will be at parking lotsand garages in large cities.

AdvancementYou don't haveadvance in thilot or garaga,experienced Pamay advance tattendants or t

/7

igh schooleferred.nse and

to beds of timet havethin

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Parking-Lut Attendantsduring the next 10 years. These jobopenings will come about because ofthe need to replace workers whowill leave their jobs for variousreasons, and because of the need formore Parking-Lot Attendants tohandle the ever-increasing number ofcars and the increasing number ofparking lots and garages. As a result,your chances of getting a job arevery good.Jobs are found in almost all communi-ties. Good chances for findingemployment will be at parking lotsand garages in large cities.

Advancement OpportunitiesYou don't have much of a chance toadvance in this job. In a large parkinglot or garage, however, you, as anexperienced Parking-Lot Attendant,may advance to a supervisor of otherattendants or to a job as a cashier.

/ra

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any localparking-lot organization or garage.Register at your local State Employ-ment Service office. Read the adsin your daily newspapers.

op 3

MISCELLANEOUSOCCUPATIONS

transferrer;transferrer apprentice

313

/ties

Usual DutiesThe Transferrer transcopy or its negativeoffset printing plates.he studies job instrucwhich solutions to prto be done. Then, hechemicals required tplatemaking solutiongoing to use. In doigraduates, beakers, ahe washes the grainewith water or acid soremove dirt and greasNext, he pours countsolution over the graithe plate and spreacotton pad so the plbe smooth. Followingthe plate on a whirlestarts the plate-whirliThen, he pours a sensonto the center of theso that the plate surfcoated evenly. Next,sensitized plate throor positive image tolights to transfer theplate. Finally, he deveand treats it with chbring out the image.The Transferrer AppreApprenticeGeneralto perform all the tasTransferrer within a

Usual DutiesThe Transferrer transfers photographedcopy or its negative image to metaloffset printing plates. As a start,he studies job instructions to determinewhich solutions to prepare for the jobto be done. Then, he mixes thechemicals required to make theplatemaking solutions that he isgoing to use. In doing this, he usesgraduates, beakers, and stirrers. Then,he washes the grained metal platewith water or acid solution toremove dirt and grease from the plate.Next, he pours counter etchingsolution over the grained surface ofthe plate and spreads it with acotton pad so the plate surface willbe smooth. Following this, he clampsthe plate on a whirler disk andstarts the plate-whirling machine.Then, he pours a sensitizing solutiononto the center of the whirling plateso that the plate surface will becoated evenly. Next, he exposes thesensitized plate through the negativeor positive image to strong arclights to transfer the image to theplate. Finally, he develops the plateand treats it with chemicals tobring out the image.The Transferrer Apprentice (SeeApprenticeGeneral Comments) learnsto perform all the tasks of theTransferrer within a given time.

,

Characteristics of JobWork is steady throughout the year,usually with a 5-day, 40-hour work-week. Work schedule may includeevenings, nights, holidays, andweekends. Overtime is, usuallyavailable. Work is performed indoorsand often involves handling objectsthat have been chemically treated.

QualificationsTo become a Transferrer, you musteither complete an apprenticeshipprogram that consists of 4 to 6 yearsof related classroom instruction andon-the-job training or learn the workinformally by on-the-job training.To qualify for an apprenticeshipprogram, you must have at least a highschool education. Courses in art,chemistry, drafting, and physics willbe very useful to you. You must beat least 18 years of age. You musttake tests to determine your aptitudefor the work.You must be physically able to standfor long periods of time and to workrapidly and accurately with yourhands and fingers when usinghandtools and measuring devices.You must have good eyesight withnormal color vision to transfer imagesaccording to job specifications.

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of job;:penings for Transferrers duringthe next 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of theneed to replace workers who willretiie or leave their jobs for otherreasons and because of the need formore Transferrers due to the increasinguse of colored printing matter inthe advertising industry. As a result,your chances of getting anapprenticeship are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at newspapers or independentcommercial printing firms in largecities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Employment Serviceoffice under the Ma ipower Developmentand Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Transferrer, yadvance to a job as foremanthe lithographic department ofnewspaper or other printing finalso may go into business foryourself by opening your own prishop.As an apprentice, you will advania journeyman Transferrer uponsuccessful completion of 4 to El

of related classroom instructionlon-the-job training.

rs

ork

igh

st

ork

ges

Employment ProspectsThere will be many thousands of jobopenings for Transferrers duringthe next 10 years. These job openingswill come about because of theneed to replace workers who willretire or leave their jobs for otherreasons and because of the need formore Transferrers due to the increasinguse of colored printing matter inthe advertising industry. As a result,your chances of getting anapprenticeship are very good.Jobs are found in nearly all communitiesand in many establishments. Goodchances for finding employment willbe at newspapers or independentcommercial printing firms in largecities.This kind of work is available to bothmen and women.Preapprenticeship training for thiskind of work may be available throughyour local State Eraployment Serviceoffice under the Manpower Developmentand Training Act.

Advancement OpportunitiesAs an experienced Transferrer, you mayadvance to a job as foreman ofthe lithographic department of anewspaper or other printing firm. You

also may go into business foryourself by opening your own printingshop.As an apprentice, you will advance toa journeyman Transferrer uponsuccessful completion of 4 to 6 yearsof related classroom instruction andon-the-job training.

Finding the JobApply directly at the employment orpersonnel office of any local newspaperor independent printing shop.Register at your local State Employ-ment Service office. Ask your highschool counselor for information.Contact local union officials forinformation. Read the ads in yourdaily newspapers. Visit the localoffice of the Civil Service Commissionor your local post office and ask forinformation.For more information on apprenticejobs, see page 20.For more information on this kind ofwork, write to:Printing Industries of America, Inc.20 Chevy Chase Circle, NW.Washington, D.C. 20015

National Association of Photo-Lithographers

230 West 41st StreetNew York, N.Y. 10036

Note to Counselors Although much more is being doparticularly in schools, to get younto start thinking about jobs and cserious occupational informationexists between young people andsponsibie for providing vocational ,

and occupational information to tlcounselors, this may not surpriseyour daily dealings with young pecmay have reached a similar colMany students enter the world of vlittle knowledge of it and their reit. It is in helping to bridge thistional gap that this edition of the Jifor Young Workers should be ofyou. It touches on the major asoccupational and other informatiayoung person should be aware oentering the world of work. It wilmany of his questions while suothers that can be answered only fr(sources.

One of the prerequisites to effectiseling is knowledge of employmentin industries and occupations arthese changes mean to a young persmaking his chioce of jobs. Knovsignificance of such employmententails an undfirstanding of how jcings arise. Job openings become Ewhen workers have to be replaced almore workers have to be hired into those who are replaced. In thestance, the new workers are calledment needs. In the second instarnumber of new workers is called netFor example, suppose 800,000 job ofor elementary school teachers are eto become available during theyears, and that 600,000 of these o

o Counselors

P

Although much more is being done today,particularly in schools, to get young peopleto start thinking about jobs and careers, aserious occupational information gap stillexists between young people and those re-sponsible for providing vocational guidanceand occupational information to them. Ascounselors, this may not surprise you. Inyour daily dealings with young people, youmay have reached a similar conclusion.Many students enter the world of work withlittle knowledge of it and their relation toit. It is in helping to bridge this informa-tional gap that this edition of the .!qb Guidefor Young Workers should be of value toyou. It touches on the major aspects ofoccupational and other information that ayoung person should be aware of beforeentering the world of work. It will answermany of his questions while suggestingothers that can be answered only from othersources.

One of the prerequisites to effective coun-seling is knowledge of employment changesin industries and occupations and whatthese changes mean to a young person whenmaking his chioce of jobs. Knowing thesignificance of such employment changesentails an understanding of how job open-ings arise. Job openings become availablewhen workers have to be replaced and whenmore workers have to be hired in additionto those who are replaced. In the first in-stance, the new workers are called replace-ment needs. In the second instance, thenumber of new worke's is called net growth.For example, suppose 800,000 job openingsfor elementary school teachers are expectedto become available during the next 10years, and that 600,000 of these openings

" QArte . aC19

will be.the result of the need to replace theteachers who will retire, die, or leave theirjobs for other reasons. The 200,000 newworkers that will be required will make upthe net growth in that job, and the numberof workers employed as elementary schoolteachers will be growing by that amount.

On the other hand, suppose that job open-ings for bookbinders during the next 10years are expected to be 2,000 and that allthese job openings are for replacementneeds. Thus, the job of bookbinder is notexpected to grow at all, and there will beno net gorwth.

Again, suppose that the number of farm-hands now on the employment rolls is 2million. In addition, suppose that the num-ber of job openings is expected to be 1 mil-lion in 1975. This expected difference of1 million fewer workers means that the jobor occupation of farmhand will be sharplydecreasing during the next 10 years. Sucha sharp decrease is, in fact, what has beenhappening to farmhands for many years.

When advising a young person on voca-tional choices, you should consider whetherthe job openings in his potential area ofwork are solely for replacement needs or forreplacement need plus !let growth. If theformer situation is charactilristic of his voca-tional interests, you may wish to inform himof other areas of work.

A brief look at table 1 will tell you wherejob openings are expected to occur in thenear future and where they are expected todecline Or remain about the same. The in-dustry group designations in the table arethe same as those presented in the materialfor the young reader (pp. 15 to 16) andclosely correspond with those in the Stand-

ard Industrial Classification Manual (1967edition). It must be kept in mind that thefigures given here are for industry groups..Employment changes in individual indus-tries within a group will vary. Moreover, theemployment estimates reflect what is ex-pected to occur throughout the country asa whole and not in any particular locality.Local employment changes may vary widelyfrom the national estimates. Job marketinformation on the local level may be avail-able in State Employment Service offices,and in some public libraries and schoolguidance departments.

Chart 1 shows the changes that are tak-ing place in jobs by putting them into nine

P2,17.W.411112.1.7ei.D2K-1:4217.421MVSZ1,7

More Jobs Will Require Extensive Education And Traininge 9

SCHOOL YEARSPERCENT CHANGE IN EMPLOYMENT, 1965-1975

COMPLETED 20 -10%(M ED IAN) 1965

lirjr1 PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL, KINDRED

SERVICEtr48.,

f-: `iCLERICAL,KINDRED

OPRTIHVEARTE HOUSEHOLD

?,16,

occupational groups. These groupssomewhat from those presented in thterial for the young reader. For instajob included in the Skilled group in cmay be included in either Machine T

occupations; Bench Work occupaStructural Work occupations, or even Pilaneous occupations in the grouping ton pages 5 and 6 These occupacategories were taken from the DictionOccupational Titles (1965 ed.). Yet, iof these differences between the twopational groupings, chart 1 serves yeto indicate the trends regarding otional growth and decline. However,a clearer and more definitive pict

Chart 1.

MANAGERS, OFFICIALS, PROPRIETORS

SKILLED

SALES

SEMISKILLED

NONFARM LABORERS

+10% 20 30 40

If I I

?0:1.:qt5i.;:qt7gig

gazigiLIG-1

9,

NO CHANGE

nsuIt FARMERS, FARM MANAGERS

IF, Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.61. Occupational Outlook Handbook, 1968-1969. p.17.i'i."rri' eam1.3.1...;,a707077.0:17.ilWiatVroartieffaingeKTEscratc,13-YE:175=a1V.,..:7,W,YEM'arhY

',..WwW..t.gliFNaza,"7.7.r.",w7:T..1.:zr

..

...=. ..,

Op j 10 7

Manual (1967mind that thedustry groups.ividual indus-Moreover, thet what is ex-he country asicular locality.ay vary widely. Job marketI may be avail-Service officess and school

s that are tak-them into nine

occupational groups. These groups differsomewhat from those presented in the ma-terial for the young reader. For instance, ajob included in the Skilled group in chart 1may be included in either Machine Tradesoccupations; Bench Work occupations,Structural Work occupations, or even Miscel-laneous occupations in the grouping that ison pages 5 and 6 These occupationalcategories were taken from the Dictionary ofOccupational Titles (1965 ed.). Yet, in spiteof these differences between the two occu-pational groupings, chart 1 serves very wellto indicate the trends regarding occupa-tional growth and decline. However, to geta clearer and more definitive picture of

Chart 1. '..Require EZtensive Education And Training rej4PERCENT CHANGE IN EMPLOYMENT, 1965-1975

20 -19% +10% 20 30 40 50 '..-.1

I -Av. ),-..'..7 7.,1

ZW' r 1 tlg

;IV?' . At=-1e '7:1til 3.t. tifaV4'..1% r1.r.?.'l.FA79,gg.775746v 45'4

,I..iglIiiSi.tz&ifirw qI I en.F6 5-

IgilFPARTI4 Rfic4.:laaZi'itI. I 61

''TC.1.3-747.,:MVSAV c";.4EL62,-;*.f.z.r,`;:g2

I - ' .1

L, TECHNICAL, KINDRED

USEHOLD

CLERICAL, KINDRED

FFICIALS, PROPRIETORS

SKILLED

SALES

SEMISKILLED

NONFARM LABORERS NO CHANGE

RMERS, FARM MANAGERS

r, Bureau of Labor Statistics. I

andbook, 1968-1969, p.17.U...M,c1.7".A...tIKKEURAMMEIZG.h.

/17.

what is expected to happen to occupationscalls for a look at the number of workersthat is estimated to be employed in eachgroup in about 8 years.1

In 1966 there were about 4 million on-farm workers, 3.7 million laborers otherthan those on farms, and 13.9 million semi-skilled workers. Today, the expectationsare that, by 1975, there will be about 900,-000 fewer on-farm workers, no change inthe number of laborers, and an increase ofabout 2 million semiskilled workers. Butthe expected increase in the number ofsemiskilled workers, as chart 1 shows, isless than the average growth for this occu-pational group.

Also in 1966 there were 4.8 million sales-workers, 7.5 million managers, officials, andproprietors, and 9.6 million skilled workers.The predictions at this time are that, by1975, there will be about 1 million moreworkers in sales jobs, almost 2 million moreworkers as managers, officials, and proprie-tors, and about 2 million more workers inskilled jobs. All these expected increasesare averages for the three groups. They will,therefore, grow but not as fast as the nextthree groups.

Again, in 1966 there were 12 millionclerical workers, 9.7 million workers inservice jobs, and 9.3 million workers in pro-fessional, technical, and kindred jobs. Esti-mates for the future are that there will beabout 3.5 million more clerical workers,more than 3 million more service workers,and about 4 million more workers in profes-sional, technical, and kindred jobs. Each ofthese expected increases is above the aver-

Occupational Outlook Handbook, 1968-69 edition. pp.29, 237, 245, 267, 289, 314, 316,317, 623.

I r-10

age for each group and indicates that themost job opportunities are to be found inthese three groups.

Classroom discussions, particularly on thetopics in the narrative segments of the JobGuide, should be very profitable since thesecharacterize generally the structure of oc-cupations, present important considerationson education and training, give a brief ac-count of employment outlook and trends,and offer practical suggestions on getting ajob. If conducting a class is not feasible,the next best method would be to make thisbooklet available to each student or coun-selee. In preparing this edition, a consciouseffort was made to use, wherever possible,simple, direct language on the 9th gradelevel. The young reader, therefore, shouldbe able to understand the contents of thisJob Guide with little assistance. Another

method of getting information to ti-

readers would be to reproduce cOccupational Briefs in which a sticounselee has shown interest, andthem to him for study when he plea;current arrangement of one Brief opage spread has resulted in providiinformation than before.

Besides the Job Guide and otherpublications of particular interest tmany State Employment Servicesoccupational and vocational materizas Occupational Guides and Job Brireflect local and statewide conditionmaterials will be very useful. Spacoprovided at the bottom of each OccuBrief to record local information 01cance to you and the young peacounsel.

Table 1Estimated Employment (1966) and Employment Prospect (mid-1970's)

by Industry Group

Industry groupEstimated

employment1966

Employmerprospect

Mid-1970';

AgricultureMiningTransportation and public utilitiesManufacturingWholesale and retail tradeConstructionServicesFinance, insurance, and real estateGovernment

4,500,000630,000

4,100,00019,000,00014,000,0003,300,000

13,000,0003,100,000

11,500,000

Rapid declineLittle or no chaModerate incre,Moderate increModerate incre,Rapid increaseRapid increaseModerate increRapid increase

Source: Om RatioRal Outlook Handbook, 1968-69 edition.. 0

/ U

group and indicates that theortunities are to be found in

roups.discussions, particularly on thenarrative segments of the Jobbe very profitable since these

generally the structure of oc-sent important considerationsand training, give a brief ac-loyment outlook and trends,tical suggestions on getting acting a class is not feasible,method would be to make thisble to each student or coun-aring this edition, a consciousde to use, wherever possible,t language on the 9th gradeung reader, therefore, shouldderstand the contents of thisth little assistance. Another

method of getting information to the youngreaders would be to reproduce copies ofOccupational Briefs in which a student orcounselee has shown interest, and to givethem to him for study when he pleases. Thecurrent arrangement of one Brief on a two-page spread has resulted in providing moreinformation than before.

Besides the Job Guide and other nationalpublications of particular interest to youth,many State Employment Services prepareoccupational and vocational materials, suchas Occupational Guides and Job Briefs, thatreflect local and statewide conditions. Thesematerials will be very useful. Space is alsoprovided at the bottom of each OccupationalBrief to record local information of signifi-cance to you and the young people youcounsel.

Table 1imated Employment (1966) and Employment Prospect (mid-1970's)

by Industry Group

Industry groupEstimated

employment1966

Employmentprospect

Mid-1970's

ion and public utilitiesingnd retail trade

urance, and real estate

4,500,000630,000

4,100,00019,000,00014,000,0003,300,000

13,000,0003,100,000

11,500,000

Rapid declineLittle or no changeModerate increaseModerate increaseModerate increaseRapid increaseRapid increaseModerate increaseRapid increase

umfineal Outlook Handbook, 1968-69 edition.0 .L

/re

In order to give the best advice to youngpeople about job-training; you should befamiliar with the contents of the VocationalEducation Act of 1963, the Manpower De-velopment and Training Act of 1962, theEconomic Opportunity Act of 1964 and Fed-eral agencies concerned with discriminationin employment. For U.S. Department ofLabor programs, complaints are handled bythe Office of Equal Opportunity in ManpowerPrograms, U.S. Department of Labor, Wash-ington, D.C. 20210.

Other Federal agencies concerned withdiscrimination in employment include:

* Equal Employment Opportunity Com-mission, 1800 G Street, NW., Washington,D.C. 20506This agency administers TitleVII of the Civil- Rights Act of 1964 whichprohibits discrimination in employment be-cause of race, creed, color, national origin,or sex.

* Office of Federal Contract Compliance,U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, D.C.20210This office administers ExecutiveOrder 11246 which required that Govern-ment contractors and subcontractors do notdiscriminate in employment on the basis ofrace, creed, color, or national origin.

* Wage and Hour and Public ContractsDivisions, U.S. Department of Labor, Wash-ington, D.C. 20210This office administerslaws concerning discrimination in employ-ment based on age and requiring equal payfor equal work regardless of sex.

* Department of Justice, Civil Rights Di-vision, Constitution Avenue and TenthStreet, NW., Washington, D.C. 20530Thisdivision is charged with the responsibilityfor enforcing provisions of the several titlesof the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

-$

List of Additional Readingsfor Young Jobseekersand Their Counselors

This listing of additional readinsented under a number of separatopical headings to help you findare looking for. However, a numbpublications listed include informmore than one topical heading.Guide for Young Workers is a goodit could be included under motopics. So don't limit yourself to oreferences designated under thheading you choose. Look elsewread the content annotations.

Government puhlications indi"free" are furnished, so long aslast, by the issuing bureaus for oto schools (faculty and library),braries, business establishmentunions, and other organizationsthem in their work. Any Governmecation for sale (price indicated)obtained from the Superintendentments, Government Printing Officington, D.C. 20402. Remittance (or money order--not stamps or casaccompany the order. A discount ocent is allowed on orders of 100more. Your local State Employmenoffice will have copies of most of thlications for you to see, especiallyexpensive ones. Your local publimay also have them.

Nongovernmen publications matained by writing to the addresseach item description. In most casthe publication is marked "free," thorganization expressly invites youfor a copy or additional informaothers the invitation is not expreyou can still probably obtain theif you write to the issuing organiza

al ReadingsJobseekersCounselors

This listing of additional readings is pre-sented under a number of separate majortopical headings to help you find what youare looking for. However, a number of thepublications listed include information onmore than one topical heading. This JobGuide for Young Workers is a good exampleit could be included under most of thetopics. So don't limit yourself to only thosereferences designated under the topicalheading you choose. Look elsewhere andread the content annotations.

Government publications indicated as"free" are furnished, so long as supplieslast, by the issuing pureaus for official useto schools (faculty and library), public li-braries, business establishments, laborunions, and other organizations requiringthem in their work. Any Government publi-cation for sale (price iadicated) may beobtained from the Superintendent of Docu-ments, Government Printing Office, Wash-ington, D.C. 20402. Remittance (by checkor money ordernot stamps or cash) shouldaccompany the order. A discount of 25 per-cent is allowed on orders of 100 copies ormore. Your local State Employment Serviceoffice will have copies of most of these pub-lications for you to see, especially the moreexpensive ones. Your local public librarymay also have them.

Nongovernment publications may be ob-tained by Writing to the address given ineach item description. In most cases wherethe publication is marked "free," the issuingorganization expressly invites you to writefor a copy or additional information. In

others the invitation is not expressed, butyou can still probably obtain the materialsif you write to the issuing organization.

/

APPRENTICESHIP AND APPRENTICES

Apprenticeship and Training Policy for Den-tal Laboratory Technicians. 1965. U.S. De-partment of Labor, Bureau of Apprenticeshipand Training, Washington, D.C. 20210. 29pages. Free. This publication includes thebasic standards of the National Apprentice-ship and Training Policy Statement, cover-ing the traae of the dental technician. Itincludes detailed information about thewritten apprenticeship agreement betweenthe dental technician apprentice and hisemployer, which is a formal contract regis-tered with the appropriate registrationagency.

Careers in Apprenticeship, and PlannedTrainingYour Future Security. n.d. U.S.Department of Labor, Bureau of Apprentice-ship and Training, Washington, D.C. 20210.Free. These publications provide generalinformation on apprenticeship, including alist of occupations with apprentice train-ing programs and an indication of the lengthof the training period.

ApprenticeshipPast and Present (Re-

vised). 1964. U.S. Department of Labor,Bureau of Apprenticeship and Training. 31pages. 20 cents. This booklet traces thedevelopment of apprenticeship since theearly days, including the experiences as ap-prentices of such men as Benjamin Franklin,Paul Revere, and other famous men.

The National Apprenticeship Program (Re-vised). 1965; U.S. Department of Labor,Bureau of Apprenticeship and Training,Washington, D.C. 20210. 31 pages. Free.This booklet presents asbrief explanation ofthe National ApprentiCeship Program, in-

t.;..-11-10 ;Al

cluding its policies and their application inmodern industry.

EDUCATION

DirectoryA List of Executive Officers andState Directors of Vocational Education.1968. Misc. 333-1. U.S. Department ofHealth, Education, and Welfare, Bureau ofAdult, Vocational, and Library Programs,Washington, D.C. 20201. 3 pages. Free. Thislist contains the name and address of eachExecutive Officer and State Director of vo-cational education for each State, the Dis-trict of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, andthe Virgin Islands. Information about voca-tional education programs may be obtainedon request by writing or by visiting thenearest representative listed.

Is "Math" in the Stars for You? 1964. U.S.Department of Labor, Women's Bureau,

Washington, D.C. 20210. Leaflet 28. 6pages, 5 cents. This leaflet describes brieflysome of the job opportunities involvingmathematics that are now available forwomen and the expected expansion of oc-cupational opportunities in the future.

School or. Else. 1965. U.S. D6partment ofLabor, Manpower. Administration, Washing-ton, D.C. 20210. 12 pages, 10 cents. Thispublication presents a stay-in-school mes-sage addressed to youth, with some dollars-and-cents facts 'about the value of eddca-tion.

Stay in High School. 1964. AmericanSchool, Drexei Avenue at 58th Street, Chi-cago, Illinois 60637. 4 pages. Free. Thisleaflet may be obtained by any educatorupon request. It presents briefly some im-

I tJ irt

portant facts about why thestudent should do everythingbecome a high school graduate.

FINANCIAL ASSISTANFederal Aids for College StudU.S. Department of Health, EdWelfare, Office of Education,D.C. 20202. 56 pages. Free. Ttion contains information aboeral aid programs: The ColleGuaranteed Loan Program; theOpportunity Grants Programs; tDefense Student Loan PrograCollege Work-Study Program. Itformation about student loans, sand work-study opportunities atuniversities throughout the cthree overseas locations. Alsolist of names and addresses ofinstitutions in each State, theColumbia, Guam, Puerto Rico,gin Islands.

Financial Assistance for CollegUndergraduate. 1962. Bulletin11. U.S. Department of Health,and Welfare, Office of Educatioton, D.C. 20202. 360 pages.bulletin contains information oarships, fellowships, student loaployment opportunities availableand universities throughout theformation is provided about thaVerage amount of financialavailable at individual schoolslimitations with respect to subjfield, sex, etc.

Need a Lift? (Revised). 1966.can Legion, Department S. P.O.

190 .

heir application in

ON

cutive Officers andational Education..S. Department of

elfare, Bureau ofLibrary Programs,3 pages. Free. Thisd address of each

ate Director of vo-ch State, the Dis-

, Puerto Rico, andmation about voca-s may be obtainedor by visiting theted.

r You? 1964. U.S.Women's Bureau,

I. Leaflet 28. 6t describes briefly

rtunities involvi nglow available for

expansion of oc-in the future.

.S. Department ofistration, Wishing-es, 10 cents. Thistay-in-school mes-with some dollars-e value of eduCa-

1964. American58th Street, Chi-ages. Free. Thisby any educator

s briefly some im-.1 1.

portant facts about why the nigh schoolstudent should do everything possible tobecome a high school graduate.

FINANCIAL ASSISTANCEFederal Aids for College Students. 1966.U.S. Department of Health, Education, andWelfare, Office of Education, Washington,D.C. 20202. 56 pages. Free. This publica-tion contains information about 4 Fed-eral aid programs: The College StudentGuaranteed Loan Program; the EducationalOpportunity Grants Programs; the NationalDefense Student Loan Program; and theCollege Work-Study Program. It includes in-formation about student loans, scholarships,and work-study opportunities at colleges anduniversities throughout the country andthree overseas locations. Also included is alist of names and addresses of participatinginstitutions in each State, the District ofColumbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Vir-gin Islands.

Financial Assistance for College Students:Undergraduate. 1962. Bulletin 1962, No.11. U.S. Department of Health, Education,and Welfare, Office of Education, Washing-ton, D.C. 20202. 360 pages. $1.25. Thisbulletin contains information on the schol-arships, fellowships, student loans, and em-ployment opportunities available at collegesand universities throughout the country., In-formation is provided about the type andaverage amount of financial assistanceavailable at, individual schools as wsll aslimitations with respect to subject matter,field, sex, etc.

Need a Lift? (Revised). 1966. The Ameri-can Legion, Department S. P.O. Box 1055,

Indianapolis, Indiana 46206. 128 pages.25 cents. This publication is an annuallyrevised handbook published as a part ofThe American Legion's Education and

Scholarship Program. It contains sourcesof career, scholarship, and loan informationrelative to State laws offering educationalbenefits.

GETTING A JOB

Handbook for Young Workers. 1965. Bulletin271. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau ofLabor Standards, Washington, D.C. 20212.29 pages, 20 cents: This bulletin is de-signed to help you think about studying,planning, and working so that your job willbe satisfying and productive.

How to Get and Hold the Right Job. 1964.U.S. Department of Labor, Manpower Ad-ministration, Washington, D.C. 20210. 19pages. 10 cents. This pamphlet has infor-mation that can help you decide on thekind of work you may want to enter andprovides suggestions on how to look for ajob, how to apply for it, how to conductyourself during an interview, and how to besuccessful on your job.

How to Prepare Yourself for Job Interviews.1965. U.S. Department of Labor, ManpowerAdministration, Washington, D.C. 20210. 8pages. 10 cents. This publication presentssome important points on appearance andconduct that young job applicants shouldkeep in mind.

Merchandising Your Job Talents. 1965.U.S. Department of Labor, Manpower Ad-ministration; Washington, D.C. 20210. 19

f-,:0 I 0

pages. 25 cents. This booklet presentssome basic rules and ways for organizinga job-hunting campaign.

JOB MARKET INFORMATIONOccupational Outlook Handbook (Revised).1968. 1968-69 Edition, Bulletin No. 1550.

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor

Statistics, Washington, D.C. 20212. 763pages, $4.25. This book contains compre-hensive employment information on morethan 650 occupations and major industries.Reprints of individual sections of the Hand .book are available from the U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office. These and other occupa-tional publications of the Bureau are listedin a free pamphlet, Occupational OutlookPublications, which may be obtained di-rectly from the Bureau of Labor Statistics,Washington, D.C. 20212.Occupational Outlook Quarterly. U.S. De-partment of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statis-tics, Washington, D.C. 20212. 35 centssingle copy. $1.25 per year. This publica-tion is issued four times during the year.It contains current information on employ-ment trends and outlook, supplementing thematerials contained in the OccupationalOutlook Handbook.

LABOR LAWS

A Message to Young Workers About the FairLabor Standards Act. 1967. Publication1180. U.S. Department of Labor, Wage andHour and Public Contracts Divisions, Wash-ington, D.C. 20212. 6 pages. Free. Thisleaflet lists the hazardous occupations pro-hibited for minors under Federal law andprovides, information regarding work whichthey may perform.

(

Questions and Answers on Chih1964. Labor Law Series No. :2partment of Labor, Bureau ofards, Washington, D.C. 2021Free. This publication presentssome important questions abot,child labor laws.Summary of State Child Labor'

/Labor Law Series No. 3-A. U.Sof Labor, Bureau of Labor Starington, D.C. 20212. 14 page5publication contains informatState's laws governing minimulployment, employment certificwork, nightwork, and hazardous

OCCUPATIONAL DEFINICLASSIFICATION, AND WOR

Dictionary of Occupational Titlumes. 1965. U.S. DepartmManpower Administration, Wa20210.

Volume I Definitions of Titl$5. This volume lists in alover 35,000 job. titles ineconomy. It provides defimost 22,000 individual ocVolume ll Occupational ClaIndustry Index. 656 pagesvolume presents the occufication structure of the U.Eniployment Service. Thesists of two arrangementsfirst arrangement groups jto a combination of workmaterial, product, subjectterm, and/or industry. Trangement groups jobs accities and traits requiredalso arrays jobs according

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presentsorganizing

Revised).o. 1550.of Labor12. 763compre-on more

ndustries.he Hand-vernmentr occupa-are listedI Outlookained di-Statistics,

U.S. De-or Statis-35 centss publica-the year.

n employ-enti ng thecupational

ut the Fairubl icationWage and

ons, Wash-Free. Thisations pro-

1 law andork which

Questions and Answers on Child Labor Laws.1964. Labor Law Series No. 3-B. U.S. De-partment of Labor, Bureau of Labor Stand-ards, Washington, D.C. 20212. 4 pages.Free. This publication presents and answerssome important questions about minors andchild labor laws.Summary of State Child Labor Laws. 1966.

Labor Law Series No. 3-A. U.S. Departmentof Labor, Bureau of Labor Standards, Wash-

ington, D.C. 20212. 14 pages. Free. Thispublication contains information on each

State's laws governing minimum age for em-ployment, employment certificate, hours of

work, nightwork, and hazardous occupations.

OCCUPATIONAL DEFINITIONS,CLASSIFICATION, AND WORKER TRAITS

Dictionary of Occupational Titles,in two vol-umes. 1965. U.S. Department of Labor,Manpower Administration, Washington, D.C.20210.

Volume I Definitions of Titles. 809 pages..$5. This volume lists in alphabetic orderover 35,000 job. titles in the Americaneconomy. It provides definitions for al-most 22,000 individua occupations. ,Volume II Occupational Classification andIndustry Index. 656 pages. $4.25. Thisvolume presents the occupationM classi-fication structure of the U.S. Training andEmployment Service. The structure con-sists of two arrangements of jobs. Thefirst arrangement groups jobs accordingto a combination of work field, purpose,material, product, subject matter, genericterm, and/or industry. The second ar-rangement groups jobs according to abil-ities and traits required of workers. Italso arrays jobs according to industry.

Selected Characteristics of Occupations(Physical Demands, Working Conditions,Training Time) A Supplement to the Dic-tionary of Occupational Titles, Third Edi-tion. 1966. 280 pages. $2.75. This sup-plement lists individual physical demands,working conditions, and training timedata for all jobs defined in the Dictionary.The information provides additionalsource matellal for determining job re-lationships in such activities as vocationalcounseling, personnel and manjower ac-tivities, training, rehabilitation, and place-ment.

OCCUPATIONS AND CAREERS

A Career for You as a Certified LaboratoryAssistant. n.d. Secretary, Board of CertifiedLaboratory Assistants, 9500 South CaliforniaAvenue, Evergreen Park, Illinois 60642.6 pages. Free. This publication describesbriefly the admission requirements and qual-ifications, courses of training, and job op-portunities for young people interested in acareer as a Certified Laboratory Assistant.For a copy of this publication and a list ofapproved CLA schools in your area, write tothe above address.

Can I Be an Office Worker?; Can I Be aTechnician?; and Can I Make the ProductionTeam? Educational Relations Section, Pub-lic Relations Staff, General Motors, Detroit,Michigan 48202. Free. These three book-lets provide general information about ca-reer opportunities for young men and womenin many occupations and industries. Eachbooklet describes briefly some of the relatedoccupations, the educational preparationnecessary to qualify for,such jobs, advance-

0 /

ment opportunities, and sources of addi-tional information.Career Guide for Demand Occupations.1965. U.S. Department of Labor, ManpowerAdministration, Washington, D.C. 20210.This publication provides information oneducation, training, and worker trait require-ments for 71 occupations in demand; alsoa bibliography of selected references. Thispublication is in the process of revision andwill be available at a later date.Careers for TomorrowSeries. Dates ofpublication range from 1961 through 1969.Henry Z. Walck, Inc., 19 Union Square West,New York, New York 10003. Publicationsvary from 96 to 128 pages. All are illustratedwith photographs. Price is $3.75 each. Thisseries includes 26 publications dealing withoccupational and vocational informationabout 26 different career fields such as ac-counting, modern nursing, teaching, and thebuilding trades. Information about thesepublications may be obtained by writing thepublisher. Purchases may be made by orderfrom the publisher or from local book stores.

Careers for Women as Technicians. 1961.Bulletin 282. U.S. Department of Labor,Women's Bureau. 28 pages. 20 cents. Thispublication provides general informationabout employment opportunities for womenas technicians in many occupational fieldsin industry and in government. It includesthe training requirements, types of trainingfacilities, earnings, working conditions, andchances for advancement in the various jobsas technicians.Careers in GovernmentFederal ServiceEntrance ExaminationIncluding Manage-ment Infernships. 1967. Announcement

r1 P1

No. 410. U.S. Civil Service CommiWashington, D.C. 20415. This pamphlithe proper form used to apply for thamination can be obtained upon rEfrom most post offices, college placoffices, and offices of the U.S. Civil SCommission. The pamphlet describrpurpose of the examination, how to ,and when and where examinations areIt also contains information about theand varied career opportunities availsthe Federal Government for successftdidates. Over 200 kinds of positiorfilled through this one examination. '

Careers in Technical Occupations.0E-80032. U.S. Department of Fleaucation, and Welfare, Office of EdulWashington, D.C.-20202. 8 pages. 5each, $2.50 per 100. This publicatirscribes briefly what various technicianerally do, their employment opportiand chances for advancement, and pra list .of several counseling and guigroups offering free service to you regspecific vocational guidance.Choosing Your Occupation. 1965. UJpartment of Labor, Manpower Admition, Washington, D.C. 20210. 16 pacents. This booklet furnishes guidelihelp discover those occupations besffor you, provides a "self-inventory Ibring the real you" into focus and inhow to find out which occupations ofgreatest job opportunities.Clerical Occupations for Women TodTomorrow. 1964. Bulletin 289. U.partment of Labor, Women's Eureau,ington, D.C. 20210. 69 pages. 35This publication describes the job dti

AP.

d sources of addi-

mand Occupations.of Labor, Manpowergton, D.C. 20210.es information onworker trait require-ns in demand; alsoted references. Thiscess of revision andter date.

Series. Dates of1961 through 1969.Union Square West,

li.0003. Publicationses. All are illustratedis $3.75 each. This

ications dealing withational informationr fields such as ac-g, teaching, and the

mation about thesetained by writing theay be made by orderm local book stores.

Technicians. 1961.partment of Labor,ges. 20 cents. This

general informationrtunities for womenoccupational fields

rnment. It includests, types of traininging conditions, and

nt in the various jobs

tFederal ServiceIncluding Manage-

67. Announcement

No. 410. U.S. Civil Service Commission,Washington, D.C. 20415. This pamphlet andthe proper form used to apply for this ex-amination can be obtained upon requestfrom most post offices, college placementoffices, and offices of the U.S. Civil ServiceCommission. The pamphlet describes thepurpose of the examination, how to apply,and when and where examinations are given.It also contains information about the manyand varied career opportunities available inthe Federal Government for successful can-didates. Over 200 kinds of positions arefilled through this one examination.Careers in Technical Occupations. 1965.0E-80032. U.S. Department of Health, Ed-ucation, and Welfare, Office of Education,Washington, D.C.'20202. 8 pages. 5 centseach, $2.50 per 100. This publication de-scribes briefly what various technicians gen-erally do, their employment opportunitiesand chances for advancement, and providesa list ,of several counseling and guidancegroups offering free service to you regardingspecific vocational guidance.Choosing Your Occupation. 1965. U.S. De-partment of Labor, Manpower Administra-tion, Washington, D.C. 20210. 16 pages. 15cents. This booklet furnishes guidelines tohelp discover those occupations best suitedfor you, provides a "self-inventory to helpbring the real you" into focus and indicateshow to find out which occupations offer thegreatest job opportunities.Clerical Occupations for Women Today andTomorrow. 1964. Bulletin 289. U.S. De-partment of Labor, Women's Bureau, Wash-ington, D.C. 20210. 69 pages. 35 cents.This publication describes the job duties of

/912

a number of clerical occupations. lt includesthe required training and other qualifica-tions for each job and additional relatedinformation about earnings, working condi-tions, and advancement opportunities.

College Courses and Beginning JobsPro-spective Occupations for Liberal Arts andScience Graduates. 1967. U.S. Departmentof Labor, Manpower Administration, Wash-ington, D.C. 20210. 23 pages. 15 cents.This booklet is intended for use by employ-ment counselors and others concerned withcareer guidance. It may also serve as aguide for high school students who have notyet chosen their career occppations, forcollege undergraduates seeking part-timeand summer employment in career relatedfields, and for graduates making a careerchoice. It contains information on the kindsof occupations in a number of fields whichare open to college graduates in selectedcourses of study. It also lists the kinds oforganization. in which the occupations maybe found and the level of the degree re-quired.

Future Jobs for High School Girls (Revised).1965. Pamphlet 7. U.S. Department ofLabor, Women's Bureau, Washington, D.C.20210. 67 pages. 30 cents. This pamphletdescribes vocational opportunities in a pa no-ra ma of job areas where higher education isnot demanded. It is addressed to high school,girls, high school and junior college counsel-ors, and parents.

Health Careers Guidebook. 1965. U.S. De-partment of Labor, Manpower ,Administra-tion, Washington, D.C. 20210. 251 pages.$1.75. This publication describes more than

r11

00 U

200 jobs in the health field, It provides in-formation in the health field OM careers;nature of the work; educational, training,and licensing requirements; job prospects;salaries and working conditions; personalqualifications required; and sources of addi-tional information. The sources of additionalinformation contain names and addresses ofmany organizations, colleges, and univer-sities where one may write to obtain freebooklets, brochures, or occupational infor-mation.Occupational Literature (Revised). 1964.Gertrude Forrester. H. W. Wilson Company,950 University Ave., Bronx, New York 10452.675 pages. $8.50. This bibliography con-tains selected titles in all occupations anddescribes all current references which havevalue in vocational and educational guid-ance. Approximately 5,100 pamphlets areincluded and there are about 1,500 refer-ences to books. The publications are classi-fied under about 500 occupational titles, andeach publication contains such informationas the number of pages or sets and theprice. The references briefly summarize thegeneral content of the publication and themajor topics included. This bibliographymay be especially useful to counselors,teachers, and librarians in selecting occupa-tional literature for vocational and educa-tional guidance. This book may be orderedfrom the publishing company at the aboveaddress.

Occupations in Electronic Computing Sys-tems (Revised). 1965. U.S. Department ofLabor, Manpower Administration, Washing-ton, D.C. 20210. 72 pages. 30 cents. Thisbooklet is a compact handbook which givesjobseekers, employment interviewers, train-

eC:

ing officers, and guidance wordate survey of the electronicing field. Listed are 23 difftions, with detailed descriptiIncluded is a glossary of teca bibliography, and a listingtions, colleges, and universitiditional information about elputing systems may be obtaiOccupations in the Care andof the Mentally Retarded. 19partment of Labor, Manpowetion, Washington, D.C. 20210.cents. This publication discuslems peculiar to the care andof those afflicted with mentand describes 27 occupationsuch care and rehabilitation.Occupations in the Field of Li1966. U.S. Department of Laer Administration, Washington58 pages. 30 cents. This pscribes 22 occupations whichto the operation of a library.the public library, universitylibraries are also discussed.Planning for a Career in AgricTeacher Education Research8, Number 2. The Pennsylvaversity, College of AgricultuPark, Pennsylvania 16802.Available for schools to purctities at $1.25 per copy. Thincludes reliable informationprovide the high school studenunderstanding of the broad fitural work. It categorizes aemployees within the frameoccupational families. Fortypational briefs (five represent

/9.3.

provides in-n: careers;

al, training,prospects;

s; personalces of addi-f additionalddresses of

and univer-obtain freeional infor-

ed). 1964.n Company,York 10452.graphy con-pations andwhich havetiona I gu id-

phlets are1,500 refer-s are classi-al titles, andinformation

ets and themmarize theion and thebibliographycounselors,

ting occupa-and educe-

y be orderedt the above

puting Sys-partment ofn, Washing-cents. Thiswhich gives

'ewers, train-,.

1

ing officers, and guidance workers an up-to-

date survey of the electronic data-process-

ing field. Listed are 23 different occupa-tions, with detailed descriptions for each.Included is a glossary of technical terms,

a bibliography, and a listing of organiza-tions, colleges, and universities where ad-ditional information about electronic com-puting systems may be obtained.Occupations in the Care and Rehabilitationof the Mentally Retarded. 1966. U.S. De-

partment of Labor, Manpower Administra-tion, Washington, D.C. 20210. 76 pages. 35

cents. This publication discusses the prob-lems peculiar to the care and rehabilitationof those afflicted with mental retardation

and describes 27 occupations involved insuch care and rehabilitation.Occupations in the Field of Library Science.

1966. U.S. Department of Labor, Manpow-

er Administration, Washington, D.C. 20210.58 pages. 30 cents. This publication de-scribes 22 occupations which are peculiarto the operation of a library. In addition tothe public library, university and researchlibraries are also discussed.Planning for a Career in Agriculture. 1967.

Teacher Education Research Series Volume8, Number 2. The Pennsylvania State Uni-versity, College of Agriculture, University

Park, Pennsylvania 16802. 159 pages.Available for schools to purchase in quan-tities at $1.25 per copy. This publicationincludes reliable information assembled toprovide the high school student with a betterunderstanding of the broad field of agricul-

tural work. It categorizes all agriculturalemployees within the framework of eightoccupational families. Forty selected occu-pational briefs (five representative jobs from

9L3 .

each of the eight broad families) are in-cluded. Each occupational brief containsdetailed information about the job, such asthe duties performed by the worker, qualifi-cations required for entrance to the job,chances for advancement, and general em-ployment opportunities.Radiologic Technologythe ProfessionalCareer for You. The American Society ofRadiologic Technologists, Executive Secre-tary, 537 South Main Street, Fon du Lac,Wisconsin 54935. 6 pages. Free. This pub-lication describes briefly the work of theradiologic technologist in different areasof the growing branch of medicine knownas radiology. Additional information and alist of approved schools may be obtainedfrom the above organization at the addressI isted.

Successful Careers in Beauty Culture. Na-tional Association of Cosmetology Schools,Inc., 3839 White Plains Road, Bronx, NewYork 10467.. 29 pages. Free. This bookletis especially useful for vocational guidancecounselors who advise students who areinterested in learning about beauty cultureas a career. It includes such information astraining, entrance requirements, kinds ofwork done, job conditions, earnings, andadvancement opportunities in the field ofbeauty culthre in the United States andCa nada.

PART-TIME AND TEMPORARYEMPLOYMENT

Pogo: Welcome to the Beginning. 1966.NYC-505. U.S. Department of Labor,Neighborhood Youth' Corps, Washington,D.C. 20036. 24 pages. Free. This. publica-tion is an invitation for young people to visittheir Neighborhood Youth;Corps office and

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learn that they can -get work and, if theywant to, can also get help to stay in schooland also work.What To Do This Summer. 1965. U.S. De-partment of Labor, Manpower Administra-tion, Washington, D.C. 20210. 4 pages. 5cents. This leaflet gives the names of jobsthat students can get during summer vaca-tion with advice on how to get them.

PUBLICATIONS LISTING

Catalog, of Publications. 1967. NationalOffice, B'nai B'rith Vocational Service, 1640Rhode Island Avenue, NW., Washington,D.C. 20036. This catalog may be obtainedupon request. It includes an order form anda list of publications available for sale. In-cluded in its contents are 10 publicationsdealing with Aids for Parents and Coun-selors, at yarying prices; 15 pamphlets inthe Occupational Brief Series, priced at 35cents each; three cartoons and accompany-ing texts in the Cartoon Series, for 35 centseach; and two publications in the GuidanceSeries, for 35 cents each.

TRAININGFor the Disabled: Help Through VocationalRehabilitation. 1965. U.S. Department ofHealth, Education, and Welfare, VocationalRehabilitation Administration, Washington,D.C. 20201. 15 pages. Free. This bookletdescribes briefly how the vocational rehabili-tation program works, who is eligible for theprogram, and where to go for counselingand the services available. A list of agenciesin each State is included and complete in-formation can be obtained from any of them.

It's Your Future. 1965. U.S. Department ofLabor, Manpower Administration, Washing-ton, D.C. 20210.... 6, pages. Free. This

323

leaflet describes steps to bein training courses underDevelopment and Training Atages of training now for "fttells what the local public encan do to help. The leaflet 1)a tool to help, recruit studand others who need empance.

Job Training SuggestionsGirls (Revised). 1965. LDepartment of Labor, WWashington, D.C. 20210. 11,This leaflet gives a brief sous types of job training avtand girls and indicates vgrams are offered.

Manpower for AmericaLea Job Under MOTA. 1967.of Labor, Manpower Admitington, D.C. 20210. Free.presents some questions anthe Manpower DevelopmeAct and the qualifications fiit.

Meeting the Challenge of1964. U.S. Department ofAdministration, Washingto20 pages. 20 cents. Thiviews effects of technologithe national work force aneral training and retrainituted under the ManpowerTraining Act (MDTA) to aand underemployed worke

The United States Coast GCamp (Revised).,1964. BoU.S. Coast Guard, Washin29 pages. Free. Copies of

/Pf.

they can 'get work and, if theyn also get help to stay in schoolrk.

This Summer. 1965. U.S. De-f Labor, Manpower Administra-ngton, D.C. 20210. 4 pages. 5leaflet gives the names of jobs

ts can get during summer vaca-dvice on how to get them.

UBLICATIONS LISTING

Publications. 1967. Nationali B'rith Vocational Service, 1640nd Avenue, NW., Washington,. This catalog may be obtainedst. It includes an order form andblications available for sale. !n-its contents are 10 publicationsth Aids for Parents and Coun-yarying prices; 15 pamphlets intional Brief Series, priced at 35; three cartoons and accompany-the Cartoon Series, for 35 cents

two publiCations in the Guidance35 cents each.

3

TRAININGisabled: Help Through VocationalHon. 1965. U.S. Department oflucation, and Welfare, Vocationaltion Administration, Washington,1. 15 pages. Free. This bookletbriefly how the vocational rehabili-ram works, who is eligible for the'pnd where to go for counselingrvices available. A list of agenciestate is included and complete in-can be obtained from any of them.

uture. 1965. U.S. Department ofnpower Administration, Washing-

20210,, 6, pages. Free. This

383

leaflet describes steps to be taken to enrollin training cdurses under the ManpowerDevelopment and Training Act; gives advan-tages of training now for "future" jobs; andtells what the local public employment officecan do to help. The leaflet was designed asa tool to help, recruit students, dropouts,and others who need employment assist-anc,e.

Job Training Suggestions for Women andGirls (Revised). 1965. Leaflet 40. U.S.Department of Labor, Women's Bureau,Washington, D.C. 20210. 11 pages. 10 cents.This leaflet gives a brief summary of vari-ous types of job training available to womenand girls and indicates where such pro-grams are offered.

Manpower for AmericaLearn and Train fora Job Under MDTA. 1967. U.S. Departmentof Labor, Manpower Administration, Wash-ington, D.C. 20210. Free. This publicationpresents some questions and answers aboutthe Manpower Development and TrainingAct and the qualifications for training underit.

Meeting the Challenge of Changing Skills.1964. U.S. Department of Labor, ManpowerAdministration, Washington, D.C. 20210.20 pages. 20 cents. This publication re-views effects of technological change uponthe national work force and discusses Fed-eral training and retraining projects insti-tuted under the Manpower Development andTraining Act (MDTA) to assist unemployedand underemployed workers.

The United States Coast GuardAfter BootCamp (Revised).,1964. Booklet CG-153-1.U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, D.C. 20591.29 pages. Free. Copies of this booklet may

/ SPP

be obtained from your nearest Coast GuardRecruiting Station. This publication is in-tended to present the various career oppor-tunities available to members of the U.S.Coast Guard after completion of recruittraining. It lists and briefly discusses thetraining offered in over 20 occupations andthe location of each school where suchtraining is given.

4.0061

Bibliography Adams, Charles, and Kimball, Samaria. JobFacts: 1966-67. Reading, Massachusetts:Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1966.Apprenticeship and Training Policy for Den-tal Laboratory Technicians. U.S. Depart-ment of Labor, Bureau of Apprenticeshipand Training. Washington: U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, 1965.

Dictionary of Occupational Titles, 3rd edi-tion, Vols. I and II. U.S. Department ofLabor, Manpower Administration. Washing-ton: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1965.

Encyclopedia of Careers and VocationalGuidance, Vol. II: Careers and Occupations.Chicago: J. G. Ferguson Publishing Com-pany, 1967.

Health Careers Guidebook. U.S. Departmentof Labor, Manpower Administration. Wash-ington: U.S. Government Printing Office,1965.

Hoover, Norman K., Smith, Charles W.; andStevens, Glenn Z. Planning for a Career inAgriculture. Pennsylvania: PennsylvaniaState University, College of Agricuiture,1967.

Manpower Report of the President, April1968. U.S. Department of Labor, ManpowerAdministration. Washington: U.S. Govern-ment Printing Office, 1968.

Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 7, July 1964.U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of LaborStatistics. Washington: U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, 1964.

Occupatiunal Outlook Handbook 1968-69ed., Bulletin 1550. U.S. Department ofLabor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Washing-ton: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1968.

/90. °85

Occupational Outlook Quarterly, Vol. 12, No.2. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau ofLabor Statistics. Washington: U.S. Govern-ment Printing Office, May 1968.

Public Law 88-452, 88th Congress, S. 2642,August 20, 1964.

Public Law 89-784, 89th Congress, H. R.15111, November 8, 1966.

Report of the Secretary of Labor on Man-power Research and Training Under theMDTA, March 1966. U.S. Department ofLabor, Manpower Administration. Washing-ton: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966.

Standard Industrial Classification Manual,1967. Executive Office of the President,Bureau of the Budget. Washington: U.S.Government Printing Office, 1967.

State Child Labor Standards, Bulletin 158(revised 1965). U.S. Department of Labor,Bureau of Labor Statistics. Washington:U.S. Government Printing Office, 1965.

The National Apprenticeship Program. U.S.Department of Labor, Bureau of Apprentice-ship and Training. Washington: U.S. Gov-ernment Printing Office, 1965.

IndexAnd DOT Classification

Of OccupationsOccupational titles Page

Adding-Machine Operator 36Agricultural Aid 102Airplane Mechanic 114Airplane-Mechanic Apprentice 114Airplane-Mechanic Helper 114Airplane Stewardess 78Apprentice-General Comments 20Automobile-Body Repairman 146Automobile-Body-Repairman Apprentice . . 146Automobile-Body-Repairman Helper 146Automobile Mechanic 116Automobile-Mechanic Apprentice . . . . ... 116Automobile-Mechanic Helper 116Automobile-Service-Station Attendant .. . 176Barber 80Barber Apprentice 80Beauty Operator 86Beauty-Operator Apprentice 86Bellman 82Bookbinder 178Bookbinder Apprentice 178Bookkeeping Clerk 32Bookkeeping-Machine Operator 34Calculating-Machine Operator 36Card-Tape-Converter Operator 38Carpenter 148Carpenter Apprentice 148Carpenter Helper 148Cashier 40Compositor 180Compositor Apprentice 180Computer-Peripheral-Equipment Operator 42Construction Worker 150Cook Helper 84Coremaker lip

1

/944386

Dictionary of OccupatinAal Titles,3rd Edition

Worker traitsCode arrangement page no.

216.488 288421.384 413621.281 312621.281 312621.884 322352.878 507See Specific Titles807.381 312807.381 312807.887 360620.281 312620.281 312620.884 322915.867 503330.371 499330.371 499332.271 499332.271 499324.878 507977.884 322977.884 322210.388 280215.388 280216.488 280213.382 274860.381 312860.381 312860.887 360211.368 267973.381 312973.381 312213.382 274869.887 360317.887 360518.381 312

Occupational titles Page

Coremaker Apprentice 110Coremaker Helper 110Cosmetologist 86Cosmetologist Apprentice 86Cylinder-Press Man 118Cylinder-Press-Man Apprentice 118Data Typist 44Denta I Assistant 22Dental-Laboratory Technician 138Dental-Laboratory-Technician Apprentice 138Diese I Mecha n ic 120Diese I-M ec ha n ic Apprentice 120Diesel-Mechanic Helper 120Digital-Computer Operator 46Dry-Cleaner Helper 88Duplicating-Machine Operator 48Electrical-Appliance Serviceman 152Electr I ca I-App I iance-Serviceman

Apprentice 152Electrical-Appliance-Serviceman Helper 152Electrician 154Electrician Apprentice 154Electrician Helper 154Farm Hand 104Floor Layer 156Floor-Layer Apprentice 156Floor-Layer Helper 156Food-Service Worker 90

Bus Boy 90Car Hop 90Counterman 90Fountain Man 90

Forester Aid 106

Gas-Appliance Serviceman 122Gas-Appliance-Serviceman Helper 122

-;387

Dictionary of Occupational Titles,3rd Edition

Worker traitsCode arrangement page no.

518.381 312518.887 360332.271 499332.271 499651.782 435651.782 435213.588 287079.378 477712.381 312712.381 312625.281 312625.281 312625.884 322213.382 274362.886 356207.782 435827.281 312

827.281 312827.887 360824.281 312824.281 312829.887 360421.883 444864.781 319864.781 319864.887 360See Specific Titles311.878 507311.878 507311.878 507319.878 507441.384 413637.281 312637.884 322

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Occupational titles' Page

Dictionary of Occupational Titles,3rd Edition

CodeWorker traits

arrangement page no.

Grocery Checker 74 299.468 269Hand Presser 94 363.884 322High-Speed-Printer Operator 38 312.382 274Hotel Clerk 50 242.368 265Instrument Repairman 140 710.281 312Instrument-Repairman Apprentice 140 710.281 312Instrument-Repairman Helper 140 710.884 322Jeweler 142 700.281 312Jeweler Apprentice 142 700.281 312Key-Punch Operator 52 213.582 274Kitchen Helper 84 318.887 360Laundry Laborer 92 361.887 360Library Assistant 54 249.368 258Licensed Practical Nurse 24 079.378 477Machine Presser 94 363.782 435Machinist 124 600.280 430Machinist Apprentice 124 600.280 430Medical Assistant 26 079.368 477Medical-Laboratory Assistant 28 078.381 418Messenger 56 230.878 509Metal Patternmaker 126 600.280 430Metal-Pattenrmaker Apprentice 126 600.280 430Molder 112 518.381 312Molder Apprentice 112 518.381 312Molder Helper 112 519.887 360Nurse Aid 96 355.878 479Nursery Worker 108 406.887 360Office Boy 56 230.878 509Office Girl 56 230.878 509Office-Machine Serviceman 128 633.281 312Office-Machine-Serviceman Apprentice 128 633.281 312Offset Pressman 130 651.782 435Offset-Pressman Apprentice 130 651.782 435Operating Engineer 158 859.883 444Operating-Engineer Apprentice 158 859.883 444

Occupational titles Page

Dictionary of Occupational Titles,3rd Edition

CodeWorker traits

arrangement page no.

Orderly 96 355.878 479Painter 160 840.781 319Painter Apprentice 160 840.781 319Painter Helper 160 840.887 360Parking-Lot Attendant 182 915.878 507Pipe Fitter 162 862.381 312Pipe-Fitter Apprentice 162 862.381 312Pipe-Fitter Helper 162 862.884 322Plasterer 164 842.781 319Plasterer Apprentice 164 842.781 319Plasterer Helper 164 842.887 360Plumber 166 862.381 312Plumber Apprentice 166 862.381 312Plumber Helper 166 862.884 322Policeman 98 375.268 416Police Cadet 98 375.268 416Radio-and-Television Repairman 144 720.281 312Radio-and-Television-Repairman

Apprentice 144 720.281 312Receptionist 58 237.368 258Refrigeration Mechanic 132 637.281 312Refrigeration-Mechanic Apprentice 132 862.381 312Refrigeration-Mechanic Helper 132 637.887 360Sales Clerk 76 290.478 501Secretary 60 201.368 263Sheet-Metal Worker 168 804.281 312Sheet-Metal-Worker Apprentice 168 804.281 312Sheet-Metal-Shop Helper 168 804.886 356Sorting-Machine Operator 64 213.885 447Stenographer 62 202.388 278Tabulating-Machine Operator 64 213.782 435Tape Librarian 66 , 223.387 271Telephone Installer 170 822.381 312Telephdne Operator 68 235.862 291Teller 70 212.368 267

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Occupational titles Page

Dictionary of Occupational Titles,3rd Edition

CodeWorker traits

arrangement page no.

Tile Setter 172 861.781 319Tile-Setter Apprentice 172 861.781 319Tile-Setter Helper 172 861.884 322Tool-and-Die Maker 134 601.280 430Tool-and-Die-Maker Apprentice 134 601.280 430Transferrer 184 972.381 312Transferrer Apprentice 184 972.381 312Typist 72 203.588 287Waiter 100 311.878 507Waitress 100 311.878 507Welder 174 819.381 312Welder Apprentice 174 819.381 312Welder Helper 174 819.887 360Wood Patternmaker 136 661.281 312Wood-Patternmaker Apprentice 136 661.281 312X-Ray Technician 30 199.381 418

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