-

Lr-

Al-

Fr-

At-

Rf-

Cf-

Ar-

Mt-

Tc-

Ac-

Es-

Bk-

Hs-

Bh-

Sg-

Pu-

Pa-

Po-

Rn-

He-

Db-

No-

Np-

Ca-

Md-

Fm-

Am-

Pm-

Cm-

Pt2 ppb

Pt2 ppb

Au4 ppb

Te1 ppb

K2.1 %

Fe4.1 %

Mg2.3 %

Na2.3 %

Hf3 ppm

Pr8 ppm

Sm6 ppm

Dy2 ppm

Ge1 ppm

Be2 ppm

Cs3 ppm

Yb3 ppm

Gd5 ppm

Er3 ppm

Ho1 ppm

W1 ppm

Br2 ppm

As1 ppm

Eu1 ppm

U2 ppm

Sn2 ppm

Mo1 ppm

Ta2 ppm

Se50 ppb

Hg80 ppb

Ag70 ppb

Ti0.57 %

O47.4 %

Si27.7 %

Co25 ppm

Ni75 ppm

Ga15 ppm

Zn70 ppm

Sc16 ppm

Cu55 ppm

N25 ppm

B10 ppm

Li20 ppm

Nd28 ppm

Th10 ppm

Rb90 ppm

Nb20 ppm

La30 ppm

Y30 ppm

Ce60 ppm

Pb12 ppm

Ir0.4 ppb

Re0.5 ppb

Os0.4 ppb

Ru0.4 ppb

Rh0.4 ppb

Sb200 ppb

Cd200 ppb

Lu500 ppb

Tm480 ppb

Tl450 ppb

I500 ppb

Tb900 ppb

In100 ppb

Bi170 ppb

H0.152 %

V135 ppm

F625 ppm

C480 ppm

S260 ppm

Cr100 ppm

Ba425 ppm

Sr375 ppm

Cl130 ppm

Zr165 ppm

Mn950 ppm

Ne0.07 ppb

Kr0.01 ppb

P1000 ppm

Ra0.001 ppb

Xe0.002 ppb

-

Ir-

S-

P-

Y-

K-

H-

N-

C-

O-

Li-

Lr-

Si-

Al-

Fr-

At-

Kr-

Ar-

Rf-

Er-

Cf-

Mt-

Tc-

Bk-

Fe-

Ac-

Es-

Hs-

Cs-

Se-

Be-

Bh-

Sg-

Pu-

Pa-

Xe-

Po-

Os-

Ca-

Ra-

Rn-

Ne-

Db-

Rb-

Na-

No-

Np-

Cd-

Hg-

Rh-

Ru-

Re-

He-

Mg-

Md-

Fm-

Am-

Pm-

Cm-

U1 ppb

Th3 ppb

Te1 ppb

Au5 ppb

Ti0.3 %

Ni0.2 %

Cr0.2 %

B5 ppm

As1 ppm

Ge1 ppm

Ga1 ppm

Ba2 ppm

Sr1 ppm

Nd3 ppm

Pr1 ppm

Ce8 ppm

Ta1 ppm

La3 ppm

Br1 ppm

Tb88 ppb

Pt20 ppb

Pt20 ppb

Lu64 ppb

Tm53 ppb

Ag60 ppb

Bi20 ppb

Tl50 ppb

In10 ppb

Mn0.13 %

Zn50 ppm

V50 ppm

Cu10 ppm

Cl85 ppm

Nb15 ppm

Zr50 ppm

Sc10 ppm

I500 ppb

Dy360 ppb

Yb430 ppb

Ho140 ppb

Gd650 ppb

Eu160 ppb

Sm570 ppb

Sb100 ppb

Pb100 ppb

Sn500 ppb

Mo300 ppb

Hf500 ppb

W500 ppb

Co150 ppm

F100 ppm

-

Ir-

K-

S-

P-

H-

C-

N-

O-

Lr-

Si-

Al-

Fr-

At-

Ar-

Kr-

Rf-

Er-

Cf-

Mt-

Tc-

Bk-

Ac-

Es-

Fe-

Hs-

Xe-

Bh-

Pu-

Pa-

Po-

Sg-

Os-

Ca-

Ra-

Rn-

Ne-

He-

Na-

No-

Np-

Rh-

Ru-

Db-

Mg-

Md-

Fm-

Am-

Pm-

Cm-

Au4 ppb

Te1 ppb

Ti0.9 %

Ge1 ppm

As2 ppm

Br3 ppm

Yb1 ppm

Gd4 ppm

W1 ppm

B5 ppm

Eu1 ppm

Sm4 ppm

Pr3 ppm

Th2 ppm

Pb5 ppm

Sn1 ppm

Cs1 ppm

Mo1 ppm

Hf2 ppm

Dy1 ppm

Se50 ppb

Hg80 ppb

Pt20 ppb

Pt20 ppb

Mn0.22 %

Ga12 ppm

Co50 ppm

Sc38 ppm

Rb30 ppm

Li10 ppm

Nd17 ppm

Ce35 ppm

Y25 ppm

Nb20 ppm

La10 ppm

Cl60 ppm

Re0.5 ppb

I500 ppb

Tl100 ppb

Cd200 ppb

Tb630 ppb

Be500 ppb

Lu200 ppb

Tm210 ppb

Ho640 ppb

Ag100 ppb

Sb200 ppb

U600 ppb

In100 ppb

Bi150 ppb

Ta500 ppb

V250 ppm

Ni150 ppm

Zn100 ppm

Cr200 ppm

Ba250 ppm

Sr465 ppm

Cu100 ppm

Zr150 ppm

F400 ppm

-

I-

F-

Ir-

K-

S-

P-

H-

C-

N-

O-

Lr-

Bi-

Si-

Al-

Fr-

Cl-

Pt-

Pt-

At-

Kr-

Br-

Rf-

Er-

Cf-

Ar-

Mt-

Tc-

Lu-

Bk-

Fe-

Ac-

Es-

Hs-

Xe-

Bh-

Sg-

Pu-

Pa-

Po-

Se-

Os-

Ra-

Rn-

Ne-

He-

Db-

Ca-

No-

Np-

Rh-

Ru-

Re-

Na-

Md-

Mg-

Fm-

Am-

Pm-

Cm-

Au4 ppb

Te1 ppb

Ti0.8 %

Be2 ppm

Ge1 ppm

Tb1 ppm

As2 ppm

U3 ppm

Cs2 ppm

Yb3 ppm

Ho1 ppm

Gd7 ppm

W2 ppm

Sm6 ppm

Pr8 ppm

Sn2 ppm

Mo1 ppm

Ta2 ppm

Hf2 ppm

Dy4 ppm

Eu1 ppm

Hg80 ppb

Ag70 ppb

Mn0.12 %

B20 ppm

Ni20 ppm

Ga18 ppm

Zn60 ppm

Co10 ppm

Cr20 ppm

Sc10 ppm

Cu30 ppm

Li25 ppm

Nd26 ppm

Th10 ppm

Y30 ppm

Pb15 ppm

Nb20 ppm

La36 ppm

Ce40 ppm

Tm500 ppb

Sb200 ppb

Tl500 ppb

In100 ppb

Cd200 ppb

V100 ppm

Ba500 ppm

Sr450 ppm

Rb120 ppm

Zr140 ppm

-

Ir-

S-

P-

K-

H-

C-

N-

O-

Lr-

Si-

Al-

Fr-

At-

Kr-

Ar-

Rf-

Er-

Cf-

Mt-

Tc-

Bk-

Fe-

Ac-

Es-

Hs-

Bh-

Sg-

Eu-

Pu-

Pa-

Po-

Xe-

Os-

Ca-

Ra-

Rn-

Ne-

Db-

Na-

No-

Np-

He-

Ru-

Rh-

Mg-

Md-

Tm-

Fm-

Am-

Pm-

Cm-

Au4 ppb

Te1 ppb

Pt8 ppb

Pt8 ppb

Cr4 ppm

Sc5 ppm

Be5 ppm

As1 ppm

Ge1 ppm

Co1 ppm

Br2 ppm

U4 ppm

Cs5 ppm

Gd2 ppm

Sm3 ppm

W2 ppm

Sn3 ppm

Mo2 ppm

Ta3 ppm

Hf4 ppm

Pr4 ppm

Ho70 ppb

Ag40 ppb

Hg80 ppb

Tb50 ppb

Se50 ppb

Lu10 ppb

Yb60 ppb

Ti0.23 %

B15 ppm

V20 ppm

Ga18 ppm

Zn40 ppm

Li30 ppm

Nd18 ppm

Th17 ppm

Y40 ppm

Ce46 ppm

Pb20 ppm

Nb20 ppm

La25 ppm

Re0.5 ppb

Ni500 ppb

Dy200 ppb

I500 ppb

Bi100 ppb

Sb200 ppb

Tl750 ppb

In100 ppb

Cd200 ppb

F735 ppm

Ba600 ppm

Sr285 ppm

Cu100 ppm

Rb150 ppm

Cl165 ppm

Zr180 ppm

Mn500 ppm

-

Ir-

S-

P-

K-

H-

C-

N-

O-

Lr-

Al-

Si-

Fr-

Pt-

Pt-

At-

Kr-

Ar-

Rf-

Cf-

Er-

Mt-

Tc-

Bk-

Fe-

Ac-

Es-

Hs-

Xe-

Bh-

Pu-

Pa-

Po-

Sg-

Os-

Ca-

Ne-

Rn-

Ra-

He-

Db-

Na-

No-

Np-

Rh-

Ru-

Re-

Mg-

Md-

Fm-

Am-

Pm-

Cm-

Au4 ppb

Br4 ppm

Be3 ppm

Ge1 ppm

U4 ppm

Tb1 ppm

Cs5 ppm

Yb3 ppm

Ho1 ppm

Gd6 ppm

Eu1 ppm

Sm6 ppm

Pr6 ppm

Sb1 ppm

Sn4 ppm

Mo3 ppm

Ta2 ppm

Hf3 ppm

I2 ppm

Dy2 ppm

W2 ppm

Ag50 ppb

Te10 ppb

Ti0.46 %

Ni70 ppm

As15 ppm

Ga20 ppm

Co20 ppm

Sc15 ppm

Cu50 ppm

Li60 ppm

Nd24 ppm

Th12 ppm

Ce50 ppm

Pb20 ppm

Y25 ppm

Nb20 ppm

La20 ppm

Lu500 ppb

Bi180 ppb

Cd200 ppb

Se600 ppb

Hg500 ppb

Tm200 ppb

In100 ppb

Tl300 ppb

B100 ppm

V130 ppm

Zn100 ppm

Mn850 ppm

Cr100 ppm

Ba700 ppm

Sr300 ppm

Rb140 ppm

Cl180 ppm

Zr160 ppm

F740 ppm

-

Ir-

S-

P-

K-

H-

N-

C-

O-

Tl-

Lr-

Bi-

Al-

Si-

Fr-

Pt-

Pt-

At-

Kr-

Rf-

Er-

Cf-

Ar-

Tc-

Mt-

Lu-

Bk-

Tb-

Fe-

Ac-

Te-

Ta-

Es-

Hs-

Cs-

Bh-

Sg-

Eu-

Pu-

Pa-

Po-

Sb-

Xe-

Os-

Ca-

Re-

Np-

No-

Ra-

Ru-

He-

Db-

Ne-

Rn-

Nb-

Na-

Rh-

Mg-

Md-

Fm-

Am-

Pm-

Cm-

Au5 ppb

Sc5 ppm

Be1 ppm

Br6 ppm

As2 ppm

Co4 ppm

U2 ppm

Rb5 ppm

Nd3 ppm

Pr1 ppm

Th2 ppm

Pb8 ppm

Sn4 ppm

Mo1 ppm

I1 ppm

Ag1 ppm

La6 ppm

Hg50 ppb

In20 ppb

Ga60 ppb

Se80 ppb

Mn0.11 %

Y15 ppm

B10 ppm

V15 ppm

Zn25 ppm

Cr10 ppm

Cu15 ppm

Li20 ppm

Ce10 ppm

Zr20 ppm

Ni12 ppm

W500 ppb

Ge100 ppb

Yb100 ppb

Tm100 ppb

Ho100 ppb

Gd600 ppb

Sm800 ppb

Cd100 ppb

Dy500 ppb

Hf500 ppb

F330 ppm

Ti400 ppm

Ba100 ppm

Sr500 ppm

Cl150 ppm

-

I-

F-

Ir-

K-

S-

Y-

P-

N-

H-

C-

O-

In-

Al-

Lr-

Bi-

Si-

W-

Fr-

Cl-

Pt-

Pt-

At-

Kr-

Ar-

Br-

Rf-

Pr-

Hf-

Cf-

Er-

Mt-

Tc-

Lu-

La-

Tb-

Fe-

Sc-

Bk-

Es-

Ac-

Ta-

Te-

Dy-

Hs-

Xe-

Bh-

Au-

Yb-

Eu-

Pu-

Pa-

Po-

Sg-

Os-

Re-

Ra-

Rn-

Ne-

He-

Db-

Na-

Nb-

Ho-

Np-

Nd-

Ce-

Rh-

Ru-

No-

Ca-

Gd-

Mg-

Md-

Tm-

Fm-

Am-

Pm-

Sm-

Cm-

Ti0.5 %

Be6 ppm

Ni5 ppm

As1 ppm

Ge1 ppm

Co1 ppm

Cr5 ppm

Cu2 ppm

U1 ppm

Cs6 ppm

B2 ppm

Sb5 ppm

Pb2 ppm

Cd1 ppm

Mo2 ppm

Ag1 ppm

Li5 ppm

Hg30 ppb

Ga15 ppm

Zn10 ppm

Sr50 ppm

Rb20 ppm

Th13 ppm

V20 ppm

Sn10 ppm

Se200 ppb

Tl100 ppb

Mn850 ppm

Ba100 ppm

Zr300 ppm

-

I-

Ir-

F-

K-

P-

S-

Y-

H-

N-

C-

U-

O-

Tl-

Ti-

In-

Al-

Lr-

Bi-

Si-

W-

Fr-

Zr-

Cl-

Pt-

At-

Pt-

Kr-

Ar-

Br-

Rf-

Er-

Hf-

Cf-

Pr-

Mt-

Tc-

Lu-

La-

Bk-

Tb-

Sc-

Ac-

Es-

Th-

Fe-

Ta-

Te-

Cs-

Hs-

Dy-

Au-

Pu-

Eu-

Pa-

Bh-

Be-

Se-

Xe-

Yb-

Sn-

Ag-

Sb-

Po-

Sg-

Os-

Ca-

Ra-

Rn-

Ne-

He-

Na-

No-

Ho-

Np-

Nd-

Db-

Cd-

Hg-

Rh-

Ru-

Re-

Nb-

Ce-

Ge-

Ga-

Gd-

Mn-

Md-

Mo-

Mg-

Tm-

Fm-

Am-

Sm-

Pm-

Cm-

Ba0.3 %

As50 ppm

Co40 ppm

Ni500 ppm

V500 ppm

Zn300 ppm

Cu100 ppm

Rb500 ppm

Li200 ppm

Pb200 ppm

B100 ppm

Cr1000 ppm

Sr1000 ppm

-

Ir-

S-

P-

K-

H-

C-

N-

O-

Tl-

In-

Lr-

Bi-

Al-

Si-

Fr-

Zr-

Pt-

Pt-

At-

Kr-

Ar-

Rf-

Er-

Hf-

Cf-

Mt-

Tc-

Bk-

Fe-

Ac-

Es-

Ta-

Te-

Hs-

Xe-

Be-

Bh-

Pu-

Pa-

Po-

Sn-

Sg-

Os-

Ca-

Ra-

Rn-

Ne-

He-

Ru-

Na-

Db-

No-

Nb-

Re-

Np-

Rh-

Cd-

Ge-

Mg-

Md-

Fm-

Am-

Pm-

Cm-

Au2 ppb

Sc4 ppb

Lu8 ppb

Tm9 ppb

Tb8 ppb

As2 ppm

Mn7 ppm

Cr1 ppm

Ti3 ppm

Cu7 ppm

Rb1 ppm

Li3 ppm

Sb1 ppm

Pb3 ppm

I7 ppm

Mo1 ppm

Ga90 ppb

Cs20 ppb

Yb50 ppb

Ho10 ppb

Gd40 ppb

Eu70 ppb

Dy50 ppb

Sm30 ppb

Pr30 ppb

Ce60 ppb

Hg97 ppb

Cl0.78 %

Br20 ppm

Zn20 ppm

B10 ppm

Sr50 ppm

Ba10 ppm

U400 ppb

W300 ppb

Y700 ppb

Se200 ppb

Ag300 ppb

Ni300 ppb

V900 ppb

Co200 ppb

Nd200 ppb

Th100 ppb

La200 ppb

F100 ppm

Crustal Average Abundances

Ultramafic Average Abundances

Basalt Average Abundances

Grano-Diorite Average Abundances

Granite Average Abundances

Shale Average Abundances

Limestone Average Abundances

Soil Lower Range Abundance Soil Upper Range Abundance

River Water Average Abundances

AVERAGE ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES