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Aviation Industry Skills and
Workforce Development: A Higher Education Perspective
Aviation Industry Forum 2017, Smart Technology for Aviation, Hong Kong, May 26, 2017
Pier Marzocca, Nick Bardell,
Richard Yeun, Graham Wild
School of Engineering
Aerospace Engineering and Aviation
Outline
2 RMIT University © 2017
Setting the Context: The
Aviation Sector Economic
Significance and Predicted Growth
The Aviation Workforce: Key
Figures
Aviation Industry’s
Workforce/Skill Needed: The
Emerging Skills
Strategies to Develop the
Human Capital
3
The Aviation Sector
Air-
freight
transport
Domestic
commercial
aviation
International
commercial
aviation
General
aviation
Aviation
support
infrastructure
Pax / year
10M / day
3.7 Bil
by value of Global Trade
35%
Air travel delivers global
mobility, 100k flights/day
International Air Transport Association (IATA), 2016
Five main components
Tonnes of freight / year
$18.6B/day
50 mil
• wider social and economic benefits
• What is the economic significance of the Aviation Industry?
4
The Aviation Sector
$2.7 USD trillions
9.9 million direct jobs within
the air transport industry
Employment and activities of
suppliers to air transport industry
World’s largest industry
Spending of directly and indirectly
employed in the air transport sector
(3.5%) of the world’s gross
domestic product (GDP)
IBISWorld, 2016
Growth in Asia-Pacific Passenger Demand
GFC
World’s Largest Passenger Market in
2016 – 32.9% Total Traffic (+11.2% 2015)
Source: International
Civil Aviation
Organization
(Various Annual
Reports of the
Council).
International Air Transport Association (IATA), 2016
5
Passenger market segments
• Diverse geographic region
• Dynamic economies driving the
global growth
• Two key airline market segments
Population
4.5 Billions 60%
Global GDP
30%
Asia-Pacific Statistics
Source: World Bank and IMF 2016
RMIT University © 2017
Growth in Asia-Pacific Air Cargo Demand
6
World’s Largest Air Cargo Market in
2016 ~ 37.5% World FTK (+9.8% 2015)
Cargo market segments
Source: International Civil
Aviation Organization (Various
Annual Reports of the
Council).
• Strong growth in cross-border
trades in 2015 and 2016, great
impact on air cargo volumes
• Macro-economic & political risks
which might impact trade flows
• There are headwinds ahead:
- stagnant world trade
- protectionism risks
RMIT University © 2017
2017 slowest pace of trade and output growth since the financial crisis of 2009
1.8%
Asia-Pacific Airports World Ranking - Top 20
Passenger & Air Cargo Airports in 2014-2016
7
Airports Council International 2015-2016
Passenger Airports 2014,16 Air Cargo Airports, 2014,16
8 1
RMIT University © 2017
9
17
28
5
20
Bangkok
5
14
19
13
2014 2016
China: New airports by 2020, from 206 to 272.
2017: +$77B USD
+66
By year 2034, Asia-Pacific is set to
become the largest air travel market
in the world: ~ 48 % of global traffic
Outline
8 RMIT University © 2017
Setting the Context: The
Aviation Sector Economic
Significance and Predicted Growth
The Aviation Workforce: Key
Figures
Aviation Industry’s
Workforce/Skill Needed: The
Emerging Skills
Strategies to Develop the
Human Capital
9
Education and Training Essential Bottleneck? RMIT University © 2017
Pilot and Technician Outlook (2016-2035)
Source: Boeing 2016
Tech 679,000
Pilot 617,000
10
Scenarios for future labour demand in Asia-Pacific
Boeing 2015
248K Pilots
268K Maintenance
technicians
82K Pilots
40K Pilots
2016-2035
11
Current key aviation occupations educational profile
CENSUS 2011 Case Study for Australia data
12
Major workforce threats identified by aviation employers
• Example. In Australia the
average workforce age for
the ATC group is 44.5,
• 50% of the group aged 45
years and over.
• By 2020, ATC could
potentially lose up to 46% of
existing employees (~ 600)
to resignations (14%) and
retirements (32%)
Transport and Logistics Industry Skills Council (TLISC 2015)
Outline
13 RMIT University © 2017
Setting the Context: The
Aviation Sector Economic
Significance and Predicted Growth
The Aviation Workforce: Key
Figures
Aviation Industry’s
Workforce/Skill Needed: The
Emerging Skills
Strategies to Develop the
Human Capital
• What are the Aviation industry’s workforce
and skill requirements?
– Strong pressure to adapt in a very dynamic
environment with a rapidly growing cargo and
passenger traffic, stringent regulations, and fast-
paced technology innovation
– Attraction and retention are difficult and require a
greater commitment to raising skill levels and
building career paths
14
Aviation industry’s workforce and skill needed
The availability of skilled and trained staff is crucial
to the ongoing viability of our aviation industry
15
Employer-reported skill development needs TLISC 2015
16
Ability to adapt quickly to new technology
Ability to autonomously interpret and
react adequately to data analytics
Knowledge of automated and unmanned
systems and safety management systems
What emerging skills are needed?
The increased integration of information
technology (IT) systems in aviation businesses
leads to the emergence of specialist integrative
roles at the intersection of the various systems
Aviation Workforce Skills, Aviation Industry Standards 2016 report
17
Risk modelling systems increasingly integrated with
business systems
flight simulation training, workforce performance,
development tracking, etc.
Specialised Commercial Pilot training, emergence of
multi-crew instruction specialist instructors and assessors.
Increased use of simulators for ground ops management
and flying training, simulation training is emerging as a
specialty of its own, requiring a complex set of skills.
Energy/fuel management skills mandatory part of skill set
expected of pilots, managers, and maintenance workers.
What emerging skills are needed?
Outline
18 RMIT University © 2017
Setting the Context: The
Aviation Sector Economic
Significance and Predicted Growth
The Aviation Workforce: Key
Figures
Aviation Industry’s
Workforce/Skill Needed: The
Emerging Skills
Strategies to Develop the
Human Capital
19
Minimum training needs by occupation and qualification level TLISC/CEET Case Study: Australia 2017
What actions can be taken by industry to meet those needs?
What Types of Training are Required?
• Vocationally-oriented degrees
• Polytechnic Training
• Regional pilots, aircraft maintenance
repair and overhaul (MRO), building and
equipment maintenance, etc.
• Hospitality qualifications (Diploma’s)
• Ancillary staff – concessionaires,
landscapers, etc.
• Non-technical skills
• Higher Education degrees
• Business management
– Airline management,
– Airport management
• Air Traffic Control
• Pilot training
• Airworthiness and Safety
• Analysts & Research
• Aerospace Engineers
• Aviation Technologists
20 RMIT University © 2017
21
Asia-Pacific Educational/Training Major Aviation Hubs
AUSTRALASIA Pilot Training, TAFE and VET,
Advanced Diplomas in Eng
(Aeronautical)
Bachelor of Applied Science
(Aviation), Bachelor of Engineering
(Aerospace), Logistics, MEng
(Aerospace), MEng Airworthiness,
Master of Science (Aviation)
HONG KONG Advanced Diploma in
Aviation Operations
& Management, Air Cargo,
Aircraft Maintenance, and
Aviation
Higher Education in Aviation
Bachelor of Applied Science
(Aviation)
BEng (Aerospace)
BEng (Aviation/Air
Transport/Operations)
SOUTHEAST ASIA Pilot Training
Polytechnic Diplomas
Bachelor of Applied
Science (Aviation)
Bachelor of Engineering
(Aerospace)
NORTH ASIA Pilot Training, Advanced Diploma
in Aviation Operations and
Management, Air Cargo and
Logistics, and Aircraft
Maintenance. Higher Education in
Aerospace Engineering & Aviation.
Bachelor of Applied Science
(Aviation) Bachelor of Engineering
(Aerospace)
Registered Training Organisation
(RTO) within the Australian
Vocational Education and
Training (VET) system
RMIT University © 2017
RMIT Aviation & Aerospace Programs and Learning Outcomes
22 RMIT University © 2017
RMIT rating for excellence in higher education (QS 2017)
5 star
RMIT research fields rated world standard or above
Top
100
Is the Workforce Prepared for Success in the
21st-century Aviation Work Environment?
23
Vocational, Higher Diploma and Bachelor is the focus of 21st century education!
2017 QS World ranking for employer reputation in Australia
Top
10 • Abilities, personal qualities
and transferable skills
RMIT University © 2017
• Generic
skills and
attributes
acquired
How Can Training be Delivered ?
• Face-to-Face
• Distance/Online
learning
• Online technologies
• Social Media
• Personal electronic
devices
24
All of the Above !
• Education will be much
less class-based, and
much more topic-based
• Education is a social
activity
• Two major types of
community:
• topic or interest based
community
• physical or peer based
community S. Downes 2013
RMIT University © 2017
Thank you for your attention! 25 RMIT University © 2017
RMIT Flight Training Program
26
Recreational Pilot
Licence
Private Pilot
Licence
Commercial Pilot
Licence
Multi-engine Command Instrument
Rating
RMIT University © 2017
Flight Instructor
rating
• Specialist Training Unit, one of only a few Universities in Australia that offers an undergraduate program with a flying program.
• Associate Degree + Bachelor of Applied Science (Aviation)
• Fully integrated training taking students from beginners to Commercial Pilot Licence with Multi-engine Command Instrument Rating or Flight Instructor rating.
RMIT HE Program Learning Outcomes - Undergraduates
27
Problem- Solving &
Design
Needs, Context & Systems
Abstraction & Modelling
Coordination
&
Communication
Self Management
BAppSci (Aviation)
RMIT rating for excellence in higher education (QS 2017)
5 star
BEng (Aerospace)
Engineering Application
Ability
Professional & Personal Attributes
Knowledge & Skill Base
RMIT University © 2017
graduates’ general ability,
technical skills and work
readiness
Technical and Operational Skills
RMIT HE Program Learning Outcomes - Postgraduate
28
Problem- Solving &
Design
Needs, Context & Systems
Research
Analysis Professional
Practice
RMIT research fields rated world standard or above
Top
100
RMIT University © 2017