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AVOIDING PLAGIARISM From Sparknotes to Your Own Words

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AVOIDING PLAGIARISM. From Sparknotes to Your Own Words. The Assignment. Discuss the message of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn . In a brief essay, discuss the message you think Twain is trying to convey to the reader. The Assignment. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

From Sparknotes to Your Own Words

Page 2: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

The Assignment

Discuss the message of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

In a brief essay, discuss the message you think Twain is trying to convey to the reader.

Page 3: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

The Assignment

Discuss the message of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

In a brief essay, discuss the message you think Twain is trying to convey to the reader.

• It must be about slavery or racism or something like that.

Page 4: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

Try a google search!

• SparkNotes: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Themes, Motifs ...• Description and explanation of the major themes of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. This accessible literary criticism is perfect for

anyone faced with ...www.sparknotes.com/lit/huckfinn/themes.html - Cached - Similar

• The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Themes | GradeSaver• The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a novel that follows Huck Finn, a character first introduced by Mark Twain in The Adventures of

Tom Sawyer, ...www.gradesaver.com/the...of-huckleberry-finn/.../major-themes/ - Similar

• NovelGuide: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Theme Analysis• A comprehensive book analysis of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, from the Novelguide, including: a complete summary, a biography

of the author, ...www.novelguide.com/huckleberryfinn/themeanalysis.html - Cached - Similar

• Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Themes• Adventures of Huckleberry Finn themes. Analysis of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn themes by PhD students from Stanford, Harvard,

Berkeley.www.shmoop.com/huckleberry-finn/themes.html - Cached - Similar

• Writing: What is the main theme of Huckleberry Finn? - CliffsNotes• As with most works of literature, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn incorporates several themes developed around a central plot to

create a story.www.cliffsnotes.com/.../What-is-the-main-theme-of-Huckleberry-Finn-.id-305408,articleId-27113.html - Cached - Similar

• Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia• Huck Finn was eventually published on December 10, 1884, in Canada and .... [edit] Major themes. Twain wrote a novel that embodies

the search for freedom. ...en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn - Cached - Similar

Page 5: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

Find the novel on Sparknotes.

• Sort By : Title | Author

• Tolkien, J. R. R. • The Fellowship of the Ring• The Hobbit• The Return of the King• The Two Towers

• Tolstoy, Leo • Anna Karenina• The Death of Ivan Ilych• War and Peace

• Trumbo, Dalton• Johnny Got His Gun

• Twain, Mark• The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn• The Adventures of Tom Sawyer• A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court• Pudd'nhead Wilson

Page 6: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

Check the Huck Finn site.

• The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn• Mark Twain

• Get this SparkNote to go!• Table of Contents Context• Plot Overview• Character List• Analysis of Major Characters• Themes, Motifs & Symbols• Summary & Analysis• Notice and Explanatory• Chapter 1• Chapters 2–3• Chapters 4–6• Chapters 7–10• Chapters 11–13• Chapters 14–16• Chapters 17–19• Chapters 20–22• Chapters 23–25• Chapters 26–28• Chapters 29–31• Chapters 32–35• Chapters 36–39• Chapters 40–43• Important Quotations Explained• Key Facts• Study Questions & Essay Topics• Quiz• Suggestions for Further Reading• How to Cite This SparkNote

Page 7: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

Check out Themes, Motifs & Symbols

•Themes, Motifs & Symbols•Themes •Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work.•Racism and Slavery•Although Twain wrote Huckleberry Finn two decades after the Emancipation Proclamation and the end of the Civil War, America—and especially the South—was still struggling with racism and the aftereffects of slavery. By the early 1880s, Reconstruction, the plan to put the United States back together after the war and integrate freed slaves into society, had hit shaky ground, although it had not yet failed outright. As Twain worked on his novel, race relations, which seemed to be on a positive path in the years following the Civil War, once again became strained. The imposition of Jim Crow laws, designed to limit the power of blacks in the South in a variety of indirect ways, brought the beginning of a new, insidious effort to oppress. The new racism of the South, less institutionalized and monolithic, was also more difficult to combat. Slavery could be outlawed, but when white Southerners enacted racist laws or policies under a professed motive of self-defense against newly freed blacks, far fewer people, Northern or Southern, saw the act as immoral and rushed to combat it.• •Although Twain wrote the novel after slavery was abolished, he set it several decades earlier, when slavery was still a fact of life. But even by Twain’s time, things had not necessarily gotten much better for blacks in the South. In this light, we might read Twain’s depiction of slavery as an allegorical representation of the condition of blacks in the United States even after the abolition of slavery. Just as slavery places the noble and moral Jim under the control of white society, no matter how degraded that white society may be, so too did the insidious racism that arose near the end of Reconstruction oppress black men for illogical and hypocritical reasons. In Huckleberry Finn, Twain, by exposing the hypocrisy of slavery, demonstrates how racism distorts the oppressors as much as it does those who are oppressed. The result is a world of moral confusion, in which seemingly “good” white people such as Miss Watson and Sally Phelps express no concern about the injustice of slavery or the cruelty of separating Jim from his family.• •The Hypocrisy of “Civilized” Society•When Huck plans to head west at the end of the novel in order to escape further “sivilizing,” he is trying to avoid more than regular baths and mandatory school attendance. Throughout the novel, Twain depicts the society that surrounds Huck as little more than a collection of degraded rules and precepts that defy logic. This faulty logic appears early in the novel, when the new judge in town allows Pap to keep custody of Huck. The judge privileges Pap’s “rights” to his son as his natural father over Huck’s welfare. At the same time, this decision comments on a system that puts a white man’s rights to his “property”—his slaves—over the welfare and freedom of a black man. In implicitly comparing the plight of slaves to the plight of Huck at the hands of Pap, Twain implies that it is impossible for a society that owns slaves to be just, no matter how “civilized” that society believes and proclaims itself to be. Again and again, Huck encounters individuals who seem good—Sally Phelps, for example—but who Twain takes care to show are prejudiced slave-owners. This shaky sense of justice that Huck repeatedly encounters lies at the heart of society’s problems: terrible acts go unpunished, yet frivolous crimes, such as drunkenly shouting insults, lead to executions. Sherburn’s speech to the mob that has come to lynch him accurately summarizes the view of society Twain gives in Huckleberry Finn: rather than maintain collective welfare, society instead is marked by cowardice, a lack of logic, and profound selfishness.

Page 8: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

Select the key sections

•Themes, Motifs & Symbols•Themes •Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work.•Racism and Slavery•Although Twain wrote Huckleberry Finn two decades after the Emancipation Proclamation and the end of the Civil War, America—and especially the South—was still struggling with racism and the aftereffects of slavery. By the early 1880s, Reconstruction , the plan to put the United States back together after the war and integrate freed slaves into society , had hit shaky ground, although it had not yet failed outright. As Twain worked on his novel, race relations, which seemed to be on a positive path in the years following the Civil War, once again became strained. The imposition of Jim Crow laws, designed to limit the power of blacks in the South in a variety of indirect ways, brought the beginning of a new, insidious effort to oppress. The new racism of the South, less institutionalized and monolithic, was also more difficult to combat. Slavery could be outlawed, but when white Southerners enacted racist laws or policies under a professed motive of self-defense against newly freed blacks, far fewer people, Northern or Southern, saw the act as immoral and rushed to combat it.• •Although Twain wrote the novel after slavery was abolished, he set it several decades earlier, when slavery was still a fact of life. But even by Twain’s time, things had not necessarily gotten much better for blacks in the South. In this light, we might read Twain’s depiction of slavery as an allegorical representation of the condition of blacks in the United States even after the abolition of slavery. Just as slavery places the noble and moral Jim under the control of white society, no matter how degraded that white society may be, so too did the insidious racism that arose near the end of Reconstruction oppress black men for illogical and hypocritical reasons. In Huckleberry Finn, Twain, by exposing the hypocrisy of slavery, demonstrates how racism distorts the oppressors as much as it does those who are oppressed. The result is a world of moral confusion, in which seemingly “good” white people such as Miss Watson and Sally Phelps express no concern about the injustice of slavery or the cruelty of separating Jim from his family.• •The Hypocrisy of “Civilized” Society•When Huck plans to head west at the end of the novel in order to escape further “sivilizing,” he is trying to avoid more than regular baths and mandatory school attendance. Throughout the novel, Twain depicts the society that surrounds Huck as little more than a collection of degraded rules and precepts that defy logic. This faulty logic appears early in the novel, when the new judge in town allows Pap to keep custody of Huck. The judge privileges Pap’s “rights” to his son as his natural father over Huck’s welfare. At the same time, this decision comments on a system that puts a white man’s rights to his “property”—his slaves—over the welfare and freedom of a black man. In implicitly comparing the plight of slaves to the plight of Huck at the hands of Pap, Twain implies that it is impossible for a society that owns slaves to be just, no matter how “civilized” that society believes and proclaims itself to be. Again and again, Huck encounters individuals who seem good—Sally Phelps, for example—but who Twain takes care to show are prejudiced slave-owners. This shaky sense of justice that Huck repeatedly encounters lies at the heart of society’s problems: terrible acts go unpunished, yet frivolous crimes, such as drunkenly shouting insults, lead to executions. Sherburn’s speech to the mob that has come to lynch him accurately summarizes the view of society Twain gives in Huckleberry Finn: rather than maintain collective welfare, society instead is marked by cowardice, a lack of logic, and profound selfishness.

Page 9: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

A simple cut and paste, and done.

After the end of the Civil War, America—and especially the South—was still struggling with racism and the aftereffects of slavery.

By the early 1880s, Reconstruction had hit shaky ground, although it had not yet failed outright. As Twain worked on his novel, race relations

once again became strained. The imposition of Jim Crow laws brought the beginning of a new, insidious effort to oppress. The new racism of

the South was also more difficult to combat. When white Southerners enacted racist laws or policies under a professed motive of self-defense

against newly freed blacks, far fewer people, Northern or Southern, saw the act as immoral and rushed to combat it.

We might read Twain’s depiction of slavery as an allegorical representation of the condition of blacks in the United States even

after the abolition of slavery. Just as slavery places the noble and moral Jim under the control of white society, so too did the insidious racism

that arose near the end of Reconstruction oppress black men for illogical and hypocritical reasons. In Huckleberry Finn, Twain, by exposing the

hypocrisy of slavery, demonstrates how racism distorts the oppressors as much as it does those who are oppressed. The result is a world of

moral confusion, in which seemingly “good” white people such as Miss Watson and Sally Phelps express no concern about the injustice of

slavery or the cruelty of separating Jim from his family.

Page 10: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

A simple cut and paste, and done.

After the end of the Civil War, America—and especially the South—was still struggling with racism and the aftereffects of slavery.

By the early 1880s, Reconstruction had hit shaky ground, although it had not yet failed outright. As Twain worked on his novel, race relations

once again became strained. The imposition of Jim Crow laws brought the beginning of a new, insidious effort to oppress. The new racism of

the South was also more difficult to combat. When white Southerners enacted racist laws or policies under a professed motive of self-defense

against newly freed blacks, far fewer people, Northern or Southern, saw the act as immoral and rushed to combat it.

We might read Twain’s depiction of slavery as an allegorical representation of the condition of blacks in the United States even

after the abolition of slavery. Just as slavery places the noble and moral Jim under the control of white society, so too did the insidious racism

that arose near the end of Reconstruction oppress black men for illogical and hypocritical reasons. In Huckleberry Finn, Twain, by exposing the

hypocrisy of slavery, demonstrates how racism distorts the oppressors as much as it does those who are oppressed. The result is a world of

moral confusion, in which seemingly “good” white people such as Miss Watson and Sally Phelps express no concern about the injustice of

slavery or the cruelty of separating Jim from his family.

• This is plagiarism!

Page 11: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

The teacher is not stupid.

Page 12: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

The teacher is not stupid.

Plagiarism is easy to detect.

Page 13: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

The teacher is not stupid.

Plagiarism is easy to detect.

• An exceptional vocabulary

Page 14: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

The teacher is not stupid.

Plagiarism is easy to detect.

• An exceptional vocabulary• Sophisticated sentence structure

Page 15: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

The teacher is not stupid.

Plagiarism is easy to detect.

• An exceptional vocabulary• Sophisticated sentence structure• Offbeat and/or extraordinary literary references

Page 16: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

The teacher is not stupid.

Plagiarism is easy to detect.

• An exceptional vocabulary• Sophisticated sentence structure• Offbeat and/or extraordinary literary references• A writing quality vastly beyond the typical level by this student

Page 17: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

The teacher is not stupid.

Plagiarism is easy to detect.

• An exceptional vocabulary• Sophisticated sentence structure• Offbeat and/or extraordinary literary references• A writing quality vastly beyond the typical level by this student• A piece of writing familiar to the reader

Page 18: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

Obvious clues

• The imposition of Jim Crow laws, designed to limit the power of blacks in the South in a variety of indirect ways, brought the beginning of a new, insidious effort to oppress.

Page 19: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

Obvious clues

• The imposition of Jim Crow laws, designed to limit the power of blacks in the South in a variety of indirect ways, brought the beginning of a new, insidious effort to oppress.

• The new racism of the South, less institutionalized and monolithic, was also more difficult to combat.

Page 20: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

Obvious clues

• The imposition of Jim Crow laws, designed to limit the power of blacks in the South in a variety of indirect ways, brought the beginning of a new, insidious effort to oppress.

• The new racism of the South, less institutionalized and monolithic, was also more difficult to combat.• an allegorical representation of the condition of blacks in the United States

Page 21: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

Obvious clues

• The imposition of Jim Crow laws, designed to limit the power of blacks in the South in a variety of indirect ways, brought the beginning of a new, insidious effort to oppress.

• The new racism of the South, less institutionalized and monolithic, was also more difficult to combat.• an allegorical representation of the condition of blacks in the United States• so too did the insidious racism that arose near the end of Reconstruction oppress black men for illogical

and hypocritical reasons.

Page 22: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

Obvious clues

• The imposition of Jim Crow laws, designed to limit the power of blacks in the South in a variety of indirect ways, brought the beginning of a new, insidious effort to oppress.

• The new racism of the South, less institutionalized and monolithic, was also more difficult to combat.• an allegorical representation of the condition of blacks in the United States• so too did the insidious racism that arose near the end of Reconstruction oppress black men for illogical

and hypocritical reasons.• a world of moral confusion

Page 23: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

Obvious clues

• The imposition of Jim Crow laws, designed to limit the power of blacks in the South in a variety of indirect ways, brought the beginning of a new, insidious effort to oppress.

• The new racism of the South, less institutionalized and monolithic, was also more difficult to combat.• an allegorical representation of the condition of blacks in the United States• so too did the insidious racism that arose near the end of Reconstruction oppress black men for illogical

and hypocritical reasons.• a world of moral confusion• the tradition of the bildungsroman:

Page 24: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

Obvious clues

• The imposition of Jim Crow laws, designed to limit the power of blacks in the South in a variety of indirect ways, brought the beginning of a new, insidious effort to oppress.

• The new racism of the South, less institutionalized and monolithic, was also more difficult to combat.• an allegorical representation of the condition of blacks in the United States• so too did the insidious racism that arose near the end of Reconstruction oppress black men for illogical

and hypocritical reasons.• a world of moral confusion• the tradition of the bildungsroman:• Huck distrusts the morals and precepts of the society that treats him as an outcast and fails to protect him

from abuse.

Page 25: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

Obvious clues

• The imposition of Jim Crow laws, designed to limit the power of blacks in the South in a variety of indirect ways, brought the beginning of a new, insidious effort to oppress.

• The new racism of the South, less institutionalized and monolithic, was also more difficult to combat.• an allegorical representation of the condition of blacks in the United States• so too did the insidious racism that arose near the end of Reconstruction oppress black men for illogical

and hypocritical reasons.• a world of moral confusion• the tradition of the bildungsroman:• Huck distrusts the morals and precepts of the society that treats him as an outcast and fails to protect him

from abuse.• In implicitly comparing the plight of slaves to the plight of Huck at the hands of Pap

Page 26: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

Then just choose some words to change. That will hide the plagiarism.

After the end of the Civil War, America—and especially the South—was still struggling with racism and the aftereffects of slavery. By the early 1880s, Reconstruction had hit shaky ground, although it had not yet failed outright. As Twain worked on his novel, race relations once again became strained. The imposition of Jim Crow laws brought the beginning of a new, insidious effort to oppress. The new racism of the South was also more difficult to combat. When white Southerners enacted racist laws or policies under a professed motive of self-defense against newly freed blacks, far fewer people, Northern or Southern, saw the act as immoral and rushed to combat it.

We might read Twain’s depiction of slavery as an allegorical representation of the condition of blacks in the United States even after the abolition of slavery. Just as slavery places the noble and moral Jim under the control of white society, so too did the insidious racism that arose near the end of Reconstruction oppress black men for illogical and hypocritical reasons. In Huckleberry Finn, Twain, by exposing the hypocrisy of slavery, demonstrates how racism distorts the oppressors as much as it does those who are oppressed. The result is a world of moral confusion, in which seemingly “good” white people such as Miss Watson and Sally Phelps express no concern about the injustice of slavery or the cruelty of separating Jim from his family.

Page 27: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

Now it is my words.

After the conclusion of the Civil War, America—and especially the South—was still struggling with racism and the effects of slavery. By the early 1880s, Reconstruction had hit uncertain ground, although it had not yet completely failed. As Twain worked on his novel, relations between the races once again became strained. The beginning of Jim Crow laws brought a new, evil effort to oppress. The new racism of the South was also more difficult to oppose. When white Southerners made racist laws or policies under a proclaimed motive of self-defense against newly freed slaves, far fewer people, Northern or Southern, saw the act as wrong and rushed to oppose it.

We might read Twain’s description of slavery as a representation of the condition of blacks in the United States even after the ending of slavery. Just as slavery places the grand and good Jim under the control of white society, so too did the guileful racism that arose near the end of Reconstruction abuse black men for fallacious and insincere reasons. In Huckleberry Finn, Twain, by unmasking the insincerity of slavery, shows how racism distorts the oppressors as much as it does those who are oppressed. The result is a world of moral confusion, in which seemingly “good” white people such as Miss Watson and Sally Phelps express no concern about the injustice of slavery or the cruelty of separating Jim from his family.

Page 28: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

Now it is my words.

After the conclusion of the Civil War, America—and especially the South—was still struggling with racism and the effects of slavery. By the early 1880s, Reconstruction had hit uncertain ground, although it had not yet completely failed. As Twain worked on his novel, relations between the races once again became strained. The beginning of Jim Crow laws brought a new, evil effort to oppress. The new racism of the South was also more difficult to oppose. When white Southerners made racist laws or policies under a proclaimed motive of self-defense against newly freed slaves, far fewer people, Northern or Southern, saw the act as wrong and rushed to oppose it.

We might read Twain’s description of slavery as a representation of the condition of blacks in the United States even after the ending of slavery. Just as slavery places the grand and good Jim under the control of white society, so too did the guileful racism that arose near the end of Reconstruction abuse black men for fallacious and insincere reasons. In Huckleberry Finn, Twain, by unmasking the insincerity of slavery, shows how racism distorts the oppressors as much as it does those who are oppressed. The result is a world of moral confusion, in which seemingly “good” white people such as Miss Watson and Sally Phelps express no concern about the injustice of slavery or the cruelty of separating Jim from his family.

• This is still plagiarism!

Page 29: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

A better way

Page 30: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

A better wayIdentify the main points.

Page 31: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

A better wayIdentify the main points.

Sparknotes said:• Although slavery had ended, racism remained after the war.

Page 32: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

A better wayIdentify the main points.

Sparknotes said:• Although slavery had ended, racism remained after the war.• Jim Crow laws and other institutional racist policies were established in Twain’s

time.

Page 33: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

A better wayIdentify the main points.

Sparknotes said:• Although slavery had ended, racism remained after the war.• Jim Crow laws and other institutional racist policies were established in Twain’s

time.• With slavery ended, Northerners saw no need to resist these laws.

Page 34: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

A better wayIdentify the main points.

Sparknotes said:• Although slavery had ended, racism remained after the war.• Jim Crow laws and other institutional racist policies were established in Twain’s

time.• With slavery ended, Northerners saw no need to resist these laws.• Huck Finn was about racism in Twain’s time and not just about slavery.

Page 35: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

A better wayIdentify the main points.

Sparknotes said:• Although slavery had ended, racism remained after the war.• Jim Crow laws and other institutional racist policies were established in Twain’s

time.• With slavery ended, Northerners saw no need to resist these laws.• Huck Finn was about racism in Twain’s time and not just about slavery.• Good people let it happen

Page 36: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

A better wayIdentify the main points.

Sparknotes said:• Although slavery had ended, racism remained after the war.• Jim Crow laws and other institutional racist policies were established in Twain’s

time.• With slavery ended, Northerners saw no need to resist these laws.• Huck Finn was about racism in Twain’s time and not just about slavery.• Good people let it happenTherefore:• Jim is not just symbolic of slavery, but also of the oppression directed at free blacks

in Twain’s time.

Page 37: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

A better wayIdentify the main points.

Sparknotes said:• Although slavery had ended, racism remained after the war.• Jim Crow laws and other institutional racist policies were established in Twain’s

time.• With slavery ended, Northerners saw no need to resist these laws.• Huck Finn was about racism in Twain’s time and not just about slavery.• Good people let it happenTherefore:• Jim is not just symbolic of slavery, but also of the oppression directed at free blacks

in Twain’s time.• Seemingly good people should not tolerate injustice today.

Page 38: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

Now put it in your own words.

Slavery may have ended at the end of the Civil War, but racism had not. It had just taken a different form. Jim Crow laws and the Klu Klux Klan were being instituted, and people, especially Northerners, had trouble understanding the evil of these laws and these people. Twain realized that this “new racism of the South” would be really hard to oppose. So he wrote Huckleberry Finn.

So one way to read the book is to view it as a depiction of the condition of blacks after the war. The “noble and moral” slave Jim is abused in many ways in the story, by Miss Watson, the Duke and Dauphin, and even Tom Sawyer, and throughout the story seemingly good people like Sally Phelps and the Widow Douglas tolerate that abuse. Twain wants the reader to be Huck and be awakened to the injustice and hypocrisy of this racism, and to go through the moral change that Huck undergoes. Slavery may have ended, but Twain wants racism to end now too.

Page 39: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

It even tells you how to cite the source.

• How to Cite This SparkNote• Full Bibliographic Citation• MLA• SparkNotes Editors. “SparkNote on The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.” SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2002. Web. 1 Oct. 2010.• The Chicago Manual of Style• SparkNotes Editors. “SparkNote on The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.” SparkNotes LLC. 2002. http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/huckfinn/

(accessed October 1, 2010).• APA• SparkNotes Editors. (2002). SparkNote on The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Retrieved October 1, 2010, from

http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/huckfinn/• In Text Citation• MLA• “Their conversation is awkward, especially when she mentions Wickham, a subject Darcy clearly wishes to avoid” (SparkNotes Editors).• APA• “Their conversation is awkward, especially when she mentions Wickham, a subject Darcy clearly wishes to avoid” (SparkNotes Editors, 2002).• Footnote• The Chicago Manual of Style• Chicago requires the use of footnotes, rather than parenthetical citations, in conjunction with a list of works cited when dealing with

literature.• 1 SparkNotes Editors. “SparkNote on The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.” SparkNotes LLC. 2002. http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/huckfinn/

(accessed October 1, 2010).• Please be sure to cite your sources. For more information about what plagiarism is and how to avoid it, please read our article on

The Plagiarism Plague. If you have any questions regarding how to use or include references to SparkNotes in your work, please tell us.

Page 40: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

Finally, really in your own words and cited correctly.

Slavery may have ended at the end of the Civil War, but racism had not. It had just taken a different form. Jim Crow laws and the Klu Klux Klan were being instituted, and people, especially Northerners, had trouble understanding the evil of these laws and these people. Twain realized that this “new racism of the South” would be really hard to oppose. So he wrote Huckleberry Finn.

So one way to read the book is to view it as a depiction of the condition of blacks after the war. The “noble and moral” slave Jim is abused in many ways in the story, by Miss Watson, the Duke and Dauphin, and even Tom Sawyer, and throughout the story seemingly good people like Sally Phelps and the Widow Douglas tolerate that abuse. Twain wants the reader to be Huck and be awakened to the injustice and hypocrisy of this racism, and to go through the moral change that Huck undergoes. Slavery may have ended, but Twain wants racism to end now too.

SparkNotes Editors. “SparkNote on The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.” SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2002. Web. 1 Oct. 2010.

Page 41: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

Finally, really in your own words and cited correctly.

Slavery may have ended at the end of the Civil War, but racism had not. It had just taken a different form. Jim Crow laws and the Klu Klux Klan were being instituted, and people, especially Northerners, had trouble understanding the evil of these laws and these people. Twain realized that this “new racism of the South” would be really hard to oppose. So he wrote Huckleberry Finn.

So one way to read the book is to view it as a depiction of the condition of blacks after the war. The “noble and moral” slave Jim is abused in many ways in the story, by Miss Watson, the Duke and Dauphin, and even Tom Sawyer, and throughout the story seemingly good people like Sally Phelps and the Widow Douglas tolerate that abuse. Twain wants the reader to be Huck and be awakened to the injustice and hypocrisy of this racism, and to go through the moral change that Huck undergoes. Slavery may have ended, but Twain wants racism to end now too.

SparkNotes Editors. “SparkNote on The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.” SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2002. Web. 1 Oct. 2010.

THIS IS NOT PLAGARISM. CONGRATULATIONS