Getting the Most out of your Library

What is Copyright?Copyright refers to the LEGAL RIGHTS that a person has over their OWN ORIGINAL WORK When you have COPYRIGHT on a work, you have the SOLE RIGHT to : Reproduce itCreate other works based on itDistribute copies for saleDisplay the work publicly Grant others permission to use the work

Plagiarism: What is it?Plagiarism is the presentation of others work as your own.Many people think of plagiarism as copying or borrowing someone else's original ideas. But legally, Plagiarism is THEFTAccording to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, to "plagiarize" meansTo steal and pass off the ideas or words of another as one's own To use another's production, without crediting the sourceTo commit literary theft To present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source. Plagiarism is Theft and Fraud

Why are there copyright laws? To give deserved credit to the original authorTo provide incentive for people to create original worksCopyright allows authors, musicians, artists, etc. to make money off of their labor. It prevents others from taking their work for free.It prevents people from altering others work without permissionTo maintain academic integrity and accountabilityWhat if there were no copyright laws?.....

What is Protected?All original work created after 1923, is COPYRIGHTEDMost Content on the Internet is CopyrightedWebsite contentText messages (e.g., blogs postings, emails, etc)Images , Photographs,MusicVideo clips, AnimationsSoftwareOther copyrighted Materials:Literary Works, Musical Works, Dramatic Works, Choreographic WorksPictorial, Graphic, and Sculptural Works, Motion Pictures and AVSound Recordings, Architectural WorksTry It: Whats Protected?

Fair UseThe Fair Use Laws allow some limited uses of copyrighted materials for educators, reviewers, reporters, and students. General Rule: The More You Use, the Less Fair Your Use Is Likely to Be! Educational Exceptions to Copyright: You can BORROW ideas from the works of others, to include in your own work, in a LIMITED SCOPE! You can include a LIMITED amount of DIRECT QUOTATIONS from copyrighted worksStudents and Teachers can make a single copy of a work for private study, research, criticism, review, or news reportingYou can use excerpts from a book to write a review of it Students can perform a copyrighted play, or screen a movie in order to study it, without permission or paying loyalties

Ways to PlagiarizeIntentional PlagiarismCutting and pasting blocks of text from electronic sources without documentingMedia borrowing without citing sourcesCopying a friends workBorrowing projects from othersUnintentional PlagiarismCareless paraphrasingPoor citingExcessive use of QuotesFailure to use your own voiceWhether it is Deliberate or Accidental, its still Plagiarism!

What Counts as Plagiarism?If I change a few words, Im okay, right? Wrong! You have probably Plagiarized if you have: Copied, included, downloaded, quoted, or improperly paraphrased the work, words, or ideas of others in your own work, without citing itPlagiarism ALWAYS counts, even if you..Plagiarise by accidentChange a word or two in each sentenceBorrow images off the InternetUse material from a reference source, without citing itUse just a few statisticsTack a reference on to the end of each paragraph

Plagiarism Includes...Use of Direct Quotes, without creditIf you use someone elses direct words, without putting it in quotes, you have plagiarized, even if you add the source in your bibliographyCareless ParaphrasingIf your paraphrasing uses too many of the same words and grammatical structure as the original source, it is considered plagiarism. You MUST put the text in your own words.Use of Unique ideas, without creditIf you present the ideas of another without crediting them, you have plagiarized

The Internet & PlagiarismThe Internet has caused an EXPLOSION in plagiarism: Its easy to doUnfortunately, the Internet makes it easy to steal ideas, text, images, music, et. Just copy/paste and away you goIt seems anonymous, who will know?BUT, its also easy to DetectThe Internet also makes it just as easy to DETECT plagiarismWeb searches make it easy for teachers to detect and track down plagiarismTry it: The Internet also makes it easy to detect plagiarism. Try copying a suspicious phrase into a search engine. Specialized websites, search engines and programs now exist that allow teachers to find and detect plagiarism : TurnitIn.com

11What do you think of these excuses? Are they valid?Myths :The Internet & CopyrightMyth 1: The web is a free access, use as you please resource. Truth: It is illegal to hack into private web sites, plagiarize other's work, pirate software, spread viruses, or steal research papers.Myth 2: Only TEXT is copyrightedTruth: Any original work based on an original idea is intellectual property: artwork, photos, clip art, web design, graphs, etc.Myth 3: Its only copyrighted if it has a Copyright symbolTruth: All print, image, and sound materials are published under intellectual property right protection laws; copyright applies automatically from the time it hits paper or electronic media

Why you shouldnt Plagiarize!Its UnethicalIt is only right to give credit to authors whose ideas you useYou cheat yourself and limit your own learningIts IllegalThe consequences are not worth the risks!Penalties can include: failed classes, expulsion from school, serious fines, jail time13How would you assess the level of academic integrity at our school? Do you believe our students understand and take these rationale seriously?Why Is Academic Integrity important?Would you Want: The DOCTOR who cheated their way through their labs or practicum to diagnose you?The architect who cheated their way through math class building your house? The lawyer who cheated on the bar exam representing you in court? The accountant who paid a stand-in take their CPA exam doing your taxes?(Lathrop and Foss 87)14Any thoughts on this real-life impact of cheating?AVOIDING PlagiarismAvoiding Plagiarism requires these 4 steps: Take Good Notes : Careful Note taking is one of the best ways to avoid PlagiarismParaphrase and Summarize Properly: Blend information from source materials in with your own ideas. Make sure your own voice, and original ideas are dominant in your workQuote ProperlyCite your sources properly

Note-TakingThe Processes involved in Good Note Taking are:Identify Keywords in the document that relate to your Research QuestionSkim and Scan to find the Information you needExtract the necessary Information

There are many different methods of note-takingFind a system that WORKS for YOU, and stick to itParaphrasingParaphrasing: Restating, in your own words, the author's words or ideas without altering the meaning or adding interpretation. A paraphrase is like a TRANSLATION of the original source. Use Paraphrasing When: You plan to use information from your notesYou want to avoid overusing quotationsYou want to use your own voice to present informationWhen paraphrasing: Rewrite the phrase in your own words - dont rearrange/replaceDouble check what you wrote by comparing with the originalCITE the Paraphrased material in your bibliography

SummarizingSummarizing: Involves stating a sources main ideas or points in your own words. A summary does not include any supporting details or evidence from the original source, and should be more concise. A good summary gives the reader a general sense of the original material. Summarize when: When you need to include ONLY the main points of the sourceYou want to establish background or offer an overview of a topicYou want to describe knowledge (from several sources) about a topicYou want to determine the main ideas of a single sourceWhen Summarizing: Your summary should be significantly shorter than the original textProvide a broad overview of the source material. You MUST credit the summarized ideas to their original sources

How to SummarizeA summary should be a synthesis of the ideas from your different sourcesRead a variety of sources on your topicTake point-form notes, include the source and page #Read over your notes, and decide which are the main ideas, and which need to be included in your summaryThink about the order in which you will present the ideasWrite a summary, using your own words and include ONLY the main points of the originalDo not include your interpretation/analysis within the summaryMake a clear distinction between your thoughts and someone else's Vary how you introduce or attribute your sources,Ex: "according to," or "so-and-so concludes that...Always include a citation

QuotingQuoting: Using the authors exact words, copied directly from the source. You MUST ALWAYS Cite Quotations!Use quotations when:You want to add the power of an authors original words to support your argumentYou want to comment on, agree or disagree with the writer has saidYou want to highlight particularly powerful phrases or passagesYou are comparing and contrasting specific points of viewYou want to comment specifically on the writers use of wordsWhen Quoting:Use it sparingly only use it if you have a GOOD REASONAlways put quotes in quotations, and cite them in your Bibliography Integrated the Quotes into your writing always include an analysis and a transitionThe shorter the quotations, the better

Citing SourcesCiting Sources means to list all of your Sources in a Bibliography and use In-Text citations

What MUST be Cited? All Direct QuotationsParaphrasing or Summaries of other peoples ideas, words, thoughts, or opinionsStatistics & Study ResultsOriginal works of any type sounds, images, movies, videos, animations, etc.All information that you receive from sources that is NOT Common Knowledge

What DOESNT have to be cited: You DONT have to cite: Information from the Public Domain (created before 1923)Facts that are widely known or considered common knowledge Ex: The first Prime Minister was John A. McDonaldEx: Canada Day is on July 1stDiscussion of your own ideas, experiences, observations, or reactionsThe compilation of results from your own original research, science experiments, etc .

EVERYTHING ELSE must be CITED!