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“Several recent studies and reports suggest that there is an alarmingly unacceptable level of misconduct, inappropriate behavior, fraud, and gross misconduct occurring in all areas of scholarly and professional activities.”
Dr. Phil Langlais, VP for Graduate Studies, ODU
Training in ethical behavior
This Powerpoint is designed to inform you about research ethics and plagiarism. More and more students are reporting knowledge of
incidents of plagiarism. Plagiarism is unethical. If you plagiarize, you are:
Lying to your professor. Lying to yourself. Cheating yourself by failing to gain a truer knowledge of your
own unique abilities.
Plagiarism includes: Making use of another’s work (words or
ideas) without acknowledgement Leading your audience to believe that
another’s work is your own
Examples of Plagiarism Submitting a research paper obtained from a commercial
service, the Internet or another student Submitting a research paper prepared for you or with
unacknowledged assistance of another individual Making simple grammatical or word-order changes to
borrowed material and representing it as one’s own work Leaving out quotation marks when they are necessary Taking any credit for work that you did not create
yourself – work belonging to others
How Faculty “Catch” Plagiarizers Faculty are voracious readers. “Professional” or
uncharacteristic writing in student papers can tip off faculty to plagiarism.
Simple phrase and key word searching on the Internet can reveal plagiarism.
Sophisticated software programs, such as “Safe Assign” can be linked electronically to your paper submission.
Avoiding Plagiarism – I Become familiar with the academic practice and the style
guide in your discipline; strive to become a diligent and conscientious scholar.
Use appropriate language and avoid jargon. Learn to use quotation marks correctly. Learn when and how to cite sources; follow proper
citation formatting. Be thorough and generous in acknowledging intellectual
debts to others.
Avoiding Plagiarism – II Take careful notes. Carefully mark direct quotations. Avoid “cutting and pasting” and “dragging
and dropping” from electronic sources.
The Ambrose Case: A Scholar’s Plagiarism
Stephen Ambrose, a well-known historian and senior scholar, was accused of plagiarizing the work of a junior scholar published by a lesser-known press.
The Ambrose Case: The Works Under Examination Thomas Childers, Wings of Morning: The
Story of the Last American Bomber Shot Down over Germany in World War II (Perseus, 1995).
Stephen Ambrose, The Wild Blue: The Men and Boys Who Flew the B-24s over Germany (Simon & Schuster, 2001).
The Ambrose Case: Passage in Question – Example I Childers, Wings, 83.
“Up, up, up, groping through the clouds for what seemed like an eternity … No amount of practice could have prepared them for what they encountered B-24s, glittering like mice, were popping up out of the clouds all over the sky.”
Ambrose, Wild, 164. “Up, up, up he went, until
he got above the clouds. No amount of practice could have prepared the pilot and crew for what they encountered --- B24’s, glittering like mice, were popping up out of the clouds over here, over there, everywhere.”
The Ambrose Case: Passage in Question – Example II Childers, Wings, 11.
“Howard struggled to master the internal electronics of the radio, building generators, studying vacuum tubes and amplifiers, transformers and transmitters. He disassembled the sets, examined the intricate ganglia of tubes and wires, and reassembled them blindfolded.”
Ambrose, Wild, 64. “He mastered the internal
electronics of the radio, built generators, studied vacuum tubes and amplifiers, transformers and transmitters. He learned to disassemble a set, then reassemble it blindfolded.”
The Ambrose Case: Childer’s Evidence His story was based on several factual sources
His uncle’s experience on a B-24 crew out of England with Eighth Air Force
A cache of private letters stored in Childer’s grandmother’s house in Tennessee that had been sent home by radio operator Howard Goodner
Interviews with one surviving crew member and letters from family of another
U.S. military records of the period His book was published six years earlier than Ambrose’s
The Ambrose Case: Ambrose’s Evidence His book was based on some factual sources
Senator George McGovern’s experiences as a bomber pilot in Italy with the Fifteenth Air Force; McGovern is quoted extensively and is Ambrose’s good friend
Childer’s Wings of Morning: The Story of the Last American Bomber Shot Down over Germany in World War II; Childer’s book is mentioned in four footnotes, and it is listed in Ambrose’s bibliography.
The Ambrose Case: Why did plagiarism occur? In the passages already discussed (and in
several others), Ambrose copied and/or paraphrased closely without using quotation marks appropriately. He also did not cite his sources fully.
Thus he presented work that was not his as his own.
The Ambrose Case: Ambrose’s Reaction Admitted to “copying without adequate
attribution” but not to plagiarism Apologized for minor errors Reworked text for paperback edition to
provide better attribution (at least 20 pages of 263 totally reworked)
The Ambrose Case: The Fallout
Scholars undertook an extensive examination of Ambrose’s published workOne critic uncovered nine other problematic
passages in The Wild Blue. Other scholars uncovered a pattern of
plagiarism that stretched back to Ambrose’s Ph.D. dissertation, as well as citation problems in six of his other books
The Ohio University Case: Student Plagiarism In 2005, The Ohio University became concerned
about student cheating and conducted a thorough review of its recent graduate theses and dissertations.
“I don’t know of any other school that has gone to such great lengths to identify cheating,” said Donald McCabe who was involved in the review of student materials.
The Ohio University Case: Results By 2008, one alumnus of the University’s
college of engineering had had his degree revoked because of plagiarism and twenty-two other alumni were being ordered to rewrite their graduate theses and/or dissertations.
What happens when you plagiarize? You steal from someone else You cheat the system and put others at a
disadvantage You show a lack of confidence in yourself You embarrass yourself, your family, and your
friends You lose the respect of those around you You risk your academic career and jeopardize
your future success
What happens to you at ODU if you plagiarize? You break the ODU Honor Code A formal investigation may occur conducted by a
University hearing officer If found guilty, you may receive a grade of F in
the class and have “academic dishonesty” stamped on your transcript
If a second offense, disciplinary sanctions may include dismissal from the University