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Introduction to AVR Microcontrollers

• Microcontroller ?

• A microcontroller is a single chip, self-contained computer.

1. 1971 Texas Instrument calculator-on-a-chip TMS 1000, which was a 4-bit microcontroller with built-in ROM and RAM.

2. 1976 Intel 8048 was one of Intel's first microcontrollers.

3. 1980 Intel 8051 followed in and became one of the most popular microcontroller families.

4. 1996 Atmel AVR was one of the first microcontroller families to use on-chip flash memory for program storage.

History.

FEATURES OF AVR MICROCONTROLLER DEVELOPMENT BOARD

• 16 Kbytes of In-System Self-programmable Flash program memory.• 512 Bytes EEPROM.• 1 Kbyte Internal SRAM.• Programming of Flash, EEPROM, Fuses, and Lock Bits through the JTAG Interface.• Byte-oriented Two-wire Serial Interface.• Programmable Serial USART.• Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface.• Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator.• On-chip Analog Comparator.• 32 Programmable I/O Lines.• Operating voltage from 5.0V - 25 V.• Onboard dc power supply unit.• Onboard power switch.• Onboard dc socket.

• Onboard ISP connector.• Onboard 4x4 matrix keypad.• Onboard L293D motor driver.• Onboard 4-bit keypad.• Onboard ULN2803 IC.• Onboard 24Cxx EEPROM IC base.• Onboard DX130X RTC.• Onboard RESET switch.• Onboard DB9 female connector.• Onboard MAX232 IC.• Onboard ATMEGA16 microcontroller.• Onboard 4-multiplexed 7 Segment display.• Onboard CMOS battery clamp.

APPLICATION OF AVR MICROCONTROLLER BOARD:• XBee controlled Embedded System.• Cell phone Controlled robot (DTMF Based).• Line following Robot.• Obstacle Avoiding Robot.• CAN Based accident avoidance robot.• Clap operated robot.• RF Based robotic car.• Wall follower robot.• Micro mouse Robot.• Digital MP3 player.

• External Memory interfacing using I2C.• Light Searching Robot.• Edge Avoiding Robot.• 1 X atmega 16 controller board.• 1 X atmega 16 microcontroller.• 1 X MAX232 IC.• 1 X DX130X RTC.

Components.A Microcontroller has seven main components: 1-Central processing unit (CPU)

2-ROM

3-RAM

4-Input and Output

5-Timer

6-Interrupt circuitry

7-Buses

8-Oscillatory circuits

1. Cheap.

2. Very small in size.

3. Programming of Microcontrollers is simple to learn (c language or Assembly).

4. Ability to simulate project before implementation.

Advantages.

AVR MicrocontrollerThe AVR architecture was conceived by two students at the Norwegian Institute of Technology Alf-Egil Bogen and Vegard Wollan

• Devices range from 1 to 256KB

• Pin count range from 8 to 100

• Full code compatibility

• Pin/feature compatible families

• One set of development tools

AVR Architecture

Single-Chip Solution

Code Size and Execution Time

• Fully updated product web• Highly skilled Field Application Engineers• Support mail handled by AVR experts• Reference designs• Application notes• AVRfreaks community website

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