Axial Skeleton: Skull, ribs, spine, and

sternum

Appendicular Skeleton: Arms, legs, scapula,

clavicle, pelvis

Provide a framework which muscles can pull, give shape and structure to the body, and support and protect internal organs

Contain mineral, such as calcium and phosphorous

Produces red blood cells, platelets, and certain types of white blood cells

Periosteum: tough membrane that contains a network of blood vessels that supply nutrients, and nerves, that signal pain

Compact bone: endures stress Haversian canal: blood

vessels run through carrying nutrients

Osteocytes: several layers of protein fibers wrapped around the Haversian Canal

Spongy Bone: connective tissue with latticework structure that consists of bony spikes arranged along points of pressure or stress, making bones both light and strong

Many bones contain a soft tissue which can be either yellow or red

Yellow Bone Marrow: Found in long bones Consists of mainly fat cells and serves as an

energy reserve Can be converted into red bone marrow and

produce blood cells when severe blood loss

Red Bone Marrow: found in spongy bone, the end of long bones,

ribs, vertebrae, the sternum, and the pelvis Produces red blood cells, platelets, and

certain types of white blood cells

Most bones develop from cartilage Second month of fetal development, most of the

skeleton is made of cartilage

Ossification: Process by which cartilage is slowly replaced by bone as a result of the deposition of minerals

Few bones develop directly into hard bone Skull

Movable Joints: Allow a wide range of movements and activities Hinge, ball-and-socket, pivot, and saddle, gliding joints

Semi movable Joints: Permit limited movement Hold the bones of vertebral column in place and allow the body to bend and twist

Fixed Joints Prevent movement Skull

Ligaments: Tough bands of connective tissue, hold the joint in place

Synovial fluid: helps protect the ends of bones from damage by friction

Arthritis: Rheumatoid: immune systems begins to

attack its body tissue Osteoarthritis: degenerative joints

disease in which the cartilage covering the surface of the bone becomes thinner and rougher