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Instructor: Vu ThanhYenPresenter: Nguyen Thi Ha My
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I. Introduction
II. The relation of translating to translation
theoryIII. The approach
IV. The textual level
V. The referential levelVI. The cohesive levelVII. The level of
naturalness
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i. Choosing a method of approach
ii. Translating with four level .
1. SL text level.2. Referential level
3. Cohesive level
4. Level of naturalness
iii. A revision procedure.
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The language functionsExpressive (authoritative) informative
vocative(directive or persuasive)
translation theorySemantic communicative
frame of referenceProblems contextual factors translation
procedures
theory of translatingTextual
Referential levelCohesive
Natural
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Twoapproaches
Translating
sentence bysentence
feeland
feelingtone
readthe
rest of
SLtext
Read the
whole text twoor three times
Intention ,
mark thedifficult
words
Translatewhen you have
taken yourbearings
A easytext
aharder
one
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Base level :
the text
the evel of the literaltranslation of the
sources language intothe target language .
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Never read asentence
without seeing iton the
referential level
Summarise incrude lay
terms, tosimplify at the
risk of over simplification
a morespecific
reference isdesirable in
thetranslation.
your translation is somehint of a compromise
between text and the facts.
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referentiallevel
textuallevel
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Cohesive level
Structure Mood
Connective words
follows the train ofthought.
Tracing the thread of textthough its value-laden
and value- free passages.
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this cohesive
level isregulator, it
secure
coherence andadjust
emphasis
at this level,reconsidering
the length ofparagraph and
sentencesformulation of
the title , thetone of
conclusion.
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Notes: in translating any type of text , youhave to sense
naturalness , usually for the
purpose of reproducing , sometimes for thepurpose of deviating
from naturalness.
Make sure
your translationmakes sense
it reads naturally(written in
ordinarylanguage)
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The level of naturalness of natural usage is grammatical as well
as lexical In all communicative translation , naturalness is
essential. That is why you
can not translate properly if the TL is not your language of
habitual usage Natural usage comprises a variety of idioms or
styles or registers
determined primarily by the setting of the text. Natural usage
must be distinguished from ordinary language:
- word order- Common structures- Cognate words- The
appropriateness of gerunds, infinitives, verb-nouns.
Naturalness depends on the relationship between the writerand
the readership and
the topic or situation.
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