Ballistics Missiles

8/2/2019 Ballistics Missiles

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SEMINAR

ON BALLISTIC MISSILES

Submitted By

SAHIL KALRAEL/08/452


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INTRODUCTION

A ballistic missile is a missile that follows a sub-orbital ballistic flight path with the objective of

delivering one or more warheads to a predeterminedtarget. The missile is only guided during therelatively brief initial powered phase of flight and itscourse is subsequently governed by the laws of

orbital mechanics and ballistics. To this date,ballistic missiles have been propelled duringpowered flight by chemical rocket engines of varioustypes.


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HISTORYThe first ballistic missile was the A-4commonly known as the V-2 rocketdeveloped by Nazi Germany in the1930s and 1940s. The first successfullaunch of a V-2 was on October 3,1942 and began operation on

September 6, 1944 against Paris,followed by an attack on London twodays later. By the end of World War II,May 1945, over 3,000 V-2s had beenlaunched.A total of 30 nations have deployed

operational ballistic missiles.Development continues, with around100 ballistic missile flight tests overthe globe, mostly by China , India ,Pakistan, Iran, North Korea and theRussian Federation .

V-2 Rocket(1944-WW2)


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Flight A ballistic missile trajectory consists of three parts: the powered flight

portion , the free-flight portion which constitutes most of the flight time,and the re-entry phase where the missile re-enters the Earth's atmosphere.The powered flight portion can last from a few tens of seconds to severalminutes and can consist of multiple rocket stages.

Ballistic missiles can be launched from fixed sites or mobile launchers. When in space and no more thrust is required, the missile enters free-flight.

In order to cover large distances, ballistic missiles are usually launched intoa high sub-orbital spaceflight, for intercontinental missiles the highestaltitude reached during free-flight is about 1200 km.

The re-entry stage begins at an altitude where atmospheric drag plays asignificant part in missile trajectory and lasts until missile impact.


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Parts of a Ballistic Missile

The various parts of a Ballistic Missile arestudied under the following divisions:-

Warhead Power Source GuidanceMechanism


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Schematic Diagram


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Missile Types Ballistic missiles can vary

widely in range and use, and areoften divided into categoriesbased on range. Variousschemes are used by differentcountries to categorize theranges of ballistic missiles:

Tactical ballisticmissile (150 km and 300 km):

Battlefield range ballisticmissile (BRBM): Range less than200 km

Theatre ballistic missile (TBM)

300 km - 3,500 km1.Short Range Ballistic Missile (SRBM):1,000 km or less2.Medium Range BallisticMissile (MRBM):1,000 km -3,500 km

Intermediate Range BallisticMissile (IRBM) or long-range (LRBM) 3,500 km -5,500 km

Intercontinental Ballistic Missile

(ICBM): Range greater than5,500 km

Submarine Launched BallisticMissile (SLBM): Launched fromballistic missilesubmarines(SSBNs)(Virtually infinite range)


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Warhead A warhead is an explosive device used in military

conflicts, used to destroy enemy vehicles or buildings. Typically, a warhead is delivered by a missile, rocket or

torpedo. It consists of the explosive material, and a

detonator. Conventional Fragmentation

Nuclear Chemical

Biological

Conventional Chemicals such as gunpowder store significant energywithin their molecular bonds. This energy can bereleased quickly by a trigger, such as an electric spark.

Fragmentation Metal fragments are projected at high velocity to causedamage or injury.

Nuclear A runaway nuclear fission or nuclear fusion reaction causesimmense energy release which is followed by an EMP.

Chemical A toxic chemical, such as poison or nerve gas, is dispersed,which is designed to incapacitate or kill human beings.

Biological An infectious agent, such as anthrax spores, is dispersed,which is designed to sicken or kill humans.


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Power SourceMissiles are powered by an engine, either a type of rocket or jet engine.Rockets are generally of the solid fuel type for ease of maintenance andfast deployment, although some larger ballistic missiles use liquid fuel.Jet engines are generally used in cruise missiles, most commonly of theturbojet type, due to its relative simplicity .Turbofans and Ramjets arethe only other common forms of jet engine propulsion. Missiles oftenhave multiple engine stages, particularly in those launched from theground, with the sole objective to improve the range.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbojethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbojet


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Guidance MechanismA Guidance system is a device or group of devices used to navigate amissile.Typically, this refers to a system that navigates without direct orcontinuous human control.These mechanisms have evolved significantly over the past few decadesafter the end of WWII.

It is the process of determining the targets location and setting up a flight path.

Navigation

This part takes in the parameters fed by the navigation system and processes it to takethe Missile to its target but within the operational limits.

Guidance

Guidance sends signals to the controls station which accordingly sets theaerodynamics and the engine speed, altitude etc. .

Control


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Navigation System


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Guidance SystemMissile guidance refers to a variety of methods of guiding a missile to itsintended target.Guidance systems are divided into two categories:GOT-Go Onto Target, which includes remote control and laser homingtechniques.

GOLIS-Go On Location In Space, includes satelliteguidance technique.

Guidancesystems

GOT

RemoteControl

LaserHoming

GOLIS

Satelliteguidance


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Indias Missile Program


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Ballistics Missiles