Bandwidth for the Office

Chapter 14

The Management of Telecommunications

Houston H. Carr and Charles A. Snyder

Introduction

2

Industry Convergence

Video

Data Voice

NetworkingSwitching

Entertainment &Information,Software &Hardware

CableBroadcasting

SatelliteLEC

OnlineInteractive

Entertainment/Information &

SystemsIntegration

3

Compression

4

Transmission Overhead

Bandwidth Requirements for POS

Transfer Speed

Item Quantity 2.4 kbps

Bytes per SKU 20

SKUs per customer 3

Bytes per customer 60

Bits per transaction 600 0.29 sec

Transactions per hour per POS terminal

10

POS terminals 20

Hours per day 10

Bits per day transferred 1,200,000 500 sec

5

Bandwidth Needs

6

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

7

ISDN

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)

8

Copper Access Transmission Technologies

Name Meaning Data Range Mode Application

V.22, 32, 42

Voice band modems

1.2 Kbps to 28.8 Kbps

Duplex Data communications

DSL Digital Subscriber

Line

160 Kbps Duplex ISDN serviceVoice and data communications

HDSL High-data-rate DigitalSubscriber

Line

1.544 Mbps2.048 Mbps

DuplexDuplex

T1/E1 service Feeder plant,WAN, LAN access,Server access

continued

9

Copper Access Transmission Technologies

Name Meaning Data Range Mode Application

SDSL Single-line Digital

Subscriber Line

1.544 Mbps2.048 Mbps

Duplex Duplex

Same as HDSL plus premises access for symmetric services

ADSL Asymmetric Digital

Subscriber Line

1.5 to 9 Mbps

16 to 640 Kbps

DownUp

Internet access, video-on-demand, simplex video, remote LAN access, interactive multimedia

VDSL, BDSL, or VADSL

Very-high-data-rate

Digital Subscriber

Line

13 to 52 Mbps

1.5 to 2.3 Mbps

DownUp

Same as ADSL plus HDTV

10

11

Integrated Services Digital Network

12

BISDN

BISDN Services

Category Service Class Type of Information

Communications Conversational services

Moving pictures (video) and sound● Sound, ● Data, ● Document

Messaging services Moving pictures (video) and sound● Documents

Retrieval services ● Text, data, graphics, sound, stillimages, moving pictures

Distribution Without user individual presentation control

●Video ● Data●Text, graphics, still pictures● Moving pictures and sound

With user individual presentation control

Text, graphics, sound, still images

13

X.25

14

Frame Relay

15

Flag Frame relay header User data field FCS Flag

16

Frame Relay Frame Format

17

Advantages of Frame Relay

Disadvantages of Frame Relay

Switched Multimegabit Data Services (SMDS)

18

Advantages of SMDS

19

Disadvantages of SMDS

Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)

20

SONET/SDH Rates

SONET Level SDH Level Line Rate (Mbps)

OC-1 / STS-1 51.84

OC-3 / STS-3 STM-1 155.52

OC-9 / STS-9 STM-3 466..56

OC-12 / STS-12 STM-4 622.08

OC-18 / STS-18 STM-6 933.12

OC-24 / STS-24 STM-8 1,244.16

OC-36 / STS-36 STM-12 1,866.24

OC-48 / STS-48 STM-16 2,488.32

OC-192 / STS-192 STM-64 9,953.28

21

Advantages of SONET

22

Disdvantages of SONET

Advantages of ATM

23

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

24

Disadvantages of ATM

53-Byte ATM Cell (Bullet)

48-byte payload5-bytesheader

Pros and Cons of T1 ATM

25

Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (BISDN)

26

27

Comparison of Broadband Technologies

Frame

Features X.25 relay SMDS SONET ATM BISDN

Service X X X

Switching X X

Connection-oriented X X X

Connectionless (datagram) X X

Fixed packet X X X

Variable packet X X

Data X X X

Data + Transmission X

Media X

Suitable for real-time processing

No No No Yes Yes Yes

28

Compatibility of Broadband Technologies

Frame

relay SMDS ATM BISDN

X.25 X

Frame Relay X X

SMDS X X

SONET X

29

Wireless Technologies

30