Upload
desancheze
View
242
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Basic Hydraulics
Citation preview
1
Drilling Hydraulics
Drilling Hydraulics
Hydraulics is the study of fluid in motion.Provide efficient use of the rig’s circulating equipment to provide maximum hydraulic energy, power or force to the hole bottom.Lower overall drilling cost.
2
The fluid in motion provides power through the bit nozzles.
Drilling Fluid
3
Functions of Drilling Fluid
Carry rock cuttings to the surfaceClean cuttings from beneath the bitLubricate and cool the drill string and bitStabilize the hole wallControl subsurface pressure
Circulation System
PumpsStandpipe
Kelly HoseGooseneckSwivelKelly
Drill Pipe
Drill Collars
Bit
Annulus
Tanks
Reserve Pit
4
Resistance to Fluid Motion
Restrictions in the systemRough surfacesLength of the systemFluid propertiesAmount of fluid flowing
Pressure (lb./sq. in.)
A force or push is needed to move the fluid and overcome the resistance to motion.This force or push is defined as pressurePressure has units of pounds per square inch. (psi)Pressure is developed by the pistons in the pump pushing against the fluid.
5
Pressure
The magnitude of the pressure indicates the difficulty in pushing the fluid through the circulation system.The higher the pressure the more resistance there is to flow.
Principle Factors Affecting Pressure
Flow rateFlow areaLength or DistanceFluid Properties (Viscosity & Weight)
6
Flow Rate Affects Pump Pressure
Pipe length = 1000 feetPipe size = 4½ inch
Circulation Rate
400 GPM
800 GPM (2 times)
Pressure
67 PSI
244 PSI (almost 4 times)
Flow Area
7
Flow Area Affects Pump Pressure
Circulation rate = 400 GPMPipe length = 1000 feet
Pipe size
5 inch
4½ inch
Pressure
38 PSI
67 PSI (76% more)
Flow area
14.4 in2
11.5 in2
Length of the system or distance the fluid moves affects pressure.
8
Distance Affects Pump Pressure
Circulation rate = 400 GPMPipe size = 4½ inch
Pipe length
1000 feet
2000 feet (2 times)
Pressure
67 PSI
134 PSI (2 times)
Weight of the fluid affects pressure.
9
Fluid Properties Affect Pump PressureMud Weight
Circulation rate = 400 GPMPipe size = 4½ inch
Mud weight
10 PPG
12 PPG
Pressure
67 PSI
80 PSI (20% more)
Viscosity of fluid- Resistance to Flow
10
Plastic Viscosity
Circulation rate 400 GPMLength 1000 ft.Pipe Size 4½”Mud Weight 10 PPGPV = 15 CP. Pressure = 125 PSIPV = 50 CP. Pressure = 148 PSI
Increased Pump Pressure
Increased flow rateReduced flow areaIncreased length or distanceHigher mud weightHigher viscosity
11
Standpipe Pressure
The total pressure required to push the fluid through the system.
Pressure at end of the flow line is zero
12
Pump Pressure
PumpsStandpipe
Kelly HoseGooseneckSwivelKelly
Drill Pipe
Drill Collars
Bit
Annulus
Tanks
Reserve Pit
Maximize power or force at the Bit
Adjust principle factors so maximum allowable surface pressure is not exceeded.Within these limits we will make adjustments to deliver the maximum power or force to the hole bottom.
13
Theories on Bottom Hole Cleaning
Maximum Jet Impact ForceMaximum Bit Hydraulic Horsepower
Jet Impact Force
PumpsStandpipe
Kelly Hose
Bit
MaximumForce
System
14
Jet Impact Force
1342 psi - 48%
PumpsStandpipe
Bit
2800
System
1456 psi - 52%
Hydraulic Horsepower
PumpsStandpipe
Kelly Hose
Bit
Maximumpower
System
15
Hydraulic Horsepower
1820 psi - 65%
PumpsStandpipe
Bit
2800
System
980 psi - 35%
Which Theory Should Be Used?Which Theory Should Be Used?
Impact Force?Horsepower?
16
ShallowLarger Diameter Hole
DeeperSmaller Diameter Hole
Which one to use?
Hydraulic Horsepower14% Higher Jet Exit Velocities35% Higher Pressures
Jet Impact Force20% Higher Flow Rates
Annular Velocity Needed toRemove Cuttings
Local ExperienceHole Cleaning– Expected Drilling Rate– Cuttings Carrying Capacity of the Fluid– Hole angle– Properties of Formation being Drilled
Properties of Formation up the Hole
17
Good Hydraulics Program
Uses equipment efficientlyDoes not exceed specified limitsAssists objectives of the drilling operationProvides a useable holeConsiders differences in applications
Optimum Hydraulic System Provides
Maximum Hydraulic Power at BitAdequate Annular HydraulicsLower Over-all Drilling Cost
18
HCC Hydraulics Output
HCC Hydraulics Output