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This article was downloaded by: [University of Newcastle (Australia)] On: 06 October 2014, At: 23:27 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Legal Reference Services Quarterly Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/wlrs20 Basic Science Reference Sources Jan Ryan Novak BA, MLS, JD a a Director, Cleveland Law Library Association, Cuyahoga County Courthouse, Cleveland, OH, 44113-1023 Published online: 23 Oct 2008. To cite this article: Jan Ryan Novak BA, MLS, JD (1993) Basic Science Reference Sources, Legal Reference Services Quarterly, 13:1, 15-29 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J113v13n01_03 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.

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This article was downloaded by: [University of Newcastle (Australia)]On: 06 October 2014, At: 23:27Publisher: RoutledgeInforma Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK

Legal Reference Services QuarterlyPublication details, including instructions for authors andsubscription information:http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/wlrs20

Basic Science Reference SourcesJan Ryan Novak BA, MLS, JD aa Director, Cleveland Law Library Association, CuyahogaCounty Courthouse, Cleveland, OH, 44113-1023Published online: 23 Oct 2008.

To cite this article: Jan Ryan Novak BA, MLS, JD (1993) Basic Science Reference Sources,Legal Reference Services Quarterly, 13:1, 15-29

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J113v13n01_03

PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE

Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information(the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor& Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warrantieswhatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of theContent. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions andviews of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. Theaccuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independentlyverified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liablefor any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages,and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly inconnection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content.

This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Anysubstantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing,systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.

Page 2: Basic Science Reference Sources

Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions

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Basic Science Reference Sources: Approaches for Law Librarians

Jan Ryan Novak

I spent my undergraduate career avoiding science courses. This was in an era of flexible curricula, where prevailing wisdom dictated that some students, left to their own course of study, would select the balance that was best for their own educational needs. (This Ul i ing is akii to the theory that if you let a toddler select what he wants to eat he will eventual- ly wind up with a balanced diet. As a parent, I now know that a toddler will never voluntarily select green beans.) When I graduated from library school, unfortunately the job market had not adjusted to the prevailing wisdom of academia, and my first job was, naturally, in the science and technology department of a major public library. I might as well have relocated to China. After two years of navigating the waters of Chem Abstracts, Index Medicus, NTIS documents and ANSI, I transferred to a department with a social science and law collection. The immense sense of relief I felt at being out of foreign soil probably accounts for my devotion to law librarianship.

Some good came of my tenure in Sci-Tech, however. I was one of a handful of law librarians who didn't blanch at the acronym ASTM, who had experience with major fiche collections and database research long before they became commonplace in law libraries, and I learned the value of "content neutral" reference-you don't necessarily have to understand what you are finding, you just have to find it. (This is also extremely valuable in certain areas of legal research such as tax and securities.) Of course, you are probably a lot happier if you have some understanding of

Jan Ryan Novak is Director of Cleveland Law Librarv Association. 404 cuyahoga County Courthouse, 1 Lakeside Avenue, ~levelkd, OH 44113-1023. She received her BA from Wittenberg University, MLS from Kent State Univer- sity, and JD from Cleveland State University, Cleveland Marshall College of Law.

Legal Reference Services Quarterly, Vol. 13(1) 1993 O 1993 by The Haworth Ress, Inc. All rights reserved. 15

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the field you are working in, and like so many of us, I went to law school. Sooner or later, most parents force down a green bean.

Nearly twenty years after starting out as a Sci-Tech librarian, I was invited to speak on basic science and engineering reference for law librari- ans. I revisited the literature of Sci-Tech and found that while publication format may have changed, the standard reference tools are still pretty much the same. There are special libraries in science and engineering every bit as complex as law libraries, and to extend your reference service you should establish a working relationship with those in your area. This article will attempt to familiarize you with some of the sources of greatest relevance for legal practitioners.

Reference work in science, or more appropriately, applied science and engineering, is rewarding in part because you are most always going to fnd an answer. Your entry to these fields will come from a variety of angles: citations in codes to industry standards, personal injury or products liability actions attempting to fix liability for a deviation from accepted practice or manufacturing defect, or contract language referring to specific engineering processes. Science reference work is really a process of look- ing for laws, sometimes natural law, and sometimes man-made in the form of standards and spccifications.

Standards are probably the most common interface between law and science. For the uninitiated, standards are rules, guidelines or accepted practices formulated and adopted by professional organizations such as the American Society of Testing and Materials, the Society of Automotive Engineers, lhe National Fire Protection Association, the American Public Health Association, the American Society of State Highway and Trans- portation Officials. The grandaddy of them all is the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), formerly known as the American Standards Association, which operates as a super standards body, approving stan- dards adopted by professional organizations representing various seg- ments of American industry. ANSIs federal counterpart is the National Institute of Standards and Technology, formerly the National Bureau of Standards, and the International Organization for Standardization coordi- nates standards activities and information world-wide.

You see evidence of standards everywhere, from the UL sticker on your lamp cord to the ANSI designation on your child's bicycle helmet. Stan- dards have their own citations, usually a combination of an acronym for the issuing agency, a number and/or letter, and sometimes a year of enact- ment. Their tilles can challenge your elocution abilities, such as "NFPA 85HStandard for Prevention of Combustion Hazards in Atmospheric

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Jan Ryan Novak 17

Fluidized Bed Combustion System Boilers," or the "Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists."

While such standards are often referred to as "voluntary," the term refers more to the process of defining the standards than to their legal effect. The fact is, you will find many standards adopted by reference in federal and state codes and regulations, giving them the force of law. Just flip through your local building code: take out all the ANSI, NFPA, ASTM and BOCA references, and you are left with precious little in- formation. Standards are referenced, but rarely reproduced in full, in our laws. A typical example is the OSHA regulation for eye and face protec- tion: 29 CFR 1910.133 sets out the minimum requirements for protectors, ending with subsection (6) which reads "Design, construction, testing and use of devices for eye and face protection shall be in accordance with American National Standard for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection, 287.1-1968." If you want to produce the regulation in its entirety, then, you've got to find that ANSI standard. Ricci's Standards-A Resource Guide for Identification, Selection, and Acquisition contains a good directory of libraries with standards collections including the sci- ence, technology or engineering departments of academic and major pub- lic libraries, as well as the libraries of the standards issuing organizations themselves. Document delivery services, such as Global Engineering Doc- uments, can provide copies from their collection representing hundreds of domestic, foreign, and international standards producing organizations.

You will find indexes to standards online, but at this point, you will not find the actual standards online. The BRS Standards file and Dialog's Standards and Specifications and IHS International Standards and Specifi- cations files provide index access to standards literature. Early in 1992, Information Handling Services released its World Standards Service and Department of Defense Standards Service, the first entrants in a CD-ROM series that offers full text libraries of the standards and specifications of several or~anizations. This is an event as imwrtant to science and enpi- neering 1ib;aries as if West Publishing were t i announce to the legal fizd the immediate release of the National Reporter System on CD-ROM.

Note that standards, just like other laws and regulations, are subject to frequent revision and amendment: to find the standard in effect at the time of the incident which you are investigating, you may need to locate a retrospective standards collection or trace the conference proceedings of the issuing organization back in time.

Beyond standards, your attorneys are going to want to know how things are supposed to work, what known hazards was a worker exposed to, what mixture of chemicals being transported by that truck that overturned on

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I8 LEGAL REFERENCE SERVICES QUARTERLY

the interstate caused the explosion, what should have prevented the bridge from collapsing, what the lawn care man did wrong that caused 'the poodle to drop dead in the grass. To find out what the experts, engineers, archi- tects and technicians are supposed to know, you'll want to become famil- iar with their handbooks and manuals. There's a handbook for nearly every field, and they will recite formulas, reference you to standards and technical reports, and of course, supply you with names of experts by way of bibliographic references, authors, or editors. (You'll even find an occa- sionally intriguing title, like the sinister-sounding Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials-affectionately known by sci-tech professionals as "Sax.")

The primary source material of science and engineering, technical research, is reported in conference proceedings. technical reports and journals. If you are a Dialog user, you certainly have been exposed to file names such as Biosis, Compendix, or Inspec. The reports are from gov- ernment and private research centers or think tanks (NTIS and RAND), as well as industry organizations such as IEEE, ACS, or ASME. Being able to search abstract literature will get you into the latest research, as well as identify who is doing what for the purposes of finding experts or consultants.

While a number of directories generally available in law libraries will lead you to engineering experts, it is sometimes necessary, even desirable, to locate an expert who doesn't have a reputation as a witness. Several directories in the bibliography will help in this area. Of course, the most direct approach is to contact an appropriate professional association, not only for names, but also to locate standards and technical reports. Most of them have their own headquarters libraries.

The following bibliography is representative of science and engineer- ing materials. Use it for suggestions to augment your collection or to arm you with titles when seeking assistance from a science or engineering library. Maybe it will whet your appetite for the green bean.

SCIENCE REFERENCE SOURCES: A SELECTED BIBUOGRAPHY

I. Research GuidedBibliography

Core list of Books and Journals in Science and Technology. Edited by Russell H. Powell and James R. Powell, Jr. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press, 1987.

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Information Sources in Science and Technology. C.D. Hurt. Engle- wood, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited, 1988.

Lawyers DeskReference. Harry M. Philo. 7th ed. Lawyers' Cooperative Publishing Co., 1987- The only "lawyers" book on the list, this text is a goldmine of information on engineering standards, procedures and publi- cations.

Science and Technology: An Introduction to the Literature. Denis Gro- gan. 4th ed. London: C. Bingley, 1982.

Scientific and Technical Information Sources. Ching-chih Chen. 2nd ed. Cambridge, Mass.: MlT Press, 1987.

Walford's Guide to Reference Material. Edited by A.J. Walford with the editorial collaboration of Marilyn Mullay and F'riscilla Schlicke and with the assistance of Charles A. Crossley. 5th ed. London: Library Associa- tion, 1989- v. 1. Science and technology.

11. Indexes, Abstracts, Databases

Journals, conference proceedings, and technical reports are primary information sources for scientists and engineers. DIALOG, SDC, and BRS market hundreds of databases in the pure and applied sciences, (many of these are now widely available in CD-ROM format), providing access to the serial literature in abstract, and in some cases, full-text form. A few of the most important indexlabstracting services are listed below:

Applied Science and Technology Index Biosis (Biological Abstracts) Chemical Abstracts (chemistry, chemical engineering) Compendex (Engineering Index) Dissertation Abstracts (research) Georef (Geology) Inspec (Physics Abstracts, electronics) Metals Abstracts NTIS (government research and technical reports) Pollution (Pollution Abstracts) Rand Corporations Publications Index SAE (Automotive engineering) Scisearch (Science Citation Index)

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STAR (Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports) Transportation Research Abstracts Water Resources Abstracts

111. Standards and Specifications

Industry standards are frequently adopted by reference in the Code of Federal Regulations as well as state statutes and regulations. Even if not enacted into federal or state law, such standards are important to find accepted industry practices. Hundreds of organizations promulgate stan- dards; only a few of the most significant standards series and guides are listed below. Keep in mind that these are subject to frequent revision, and it is thus necessary to use good finding tools.

A. Indexes and Guides

Catalog of American National Standards. American National Stan- dards Institute. New York, N.Y.: The Institute, 1977-

Compilation of ASTM Standard Definitions. Philadelphia, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1976-

Directory of Engineering Document Sources. Newport Beach, Calif.: Global Engineering Documentation Services. 1971-

A Guide to Standards. Albert L. Batik. Parker, Colo.: A.L. Batik, 1989

Index and Directory of Industry Standards. Englewood, Colo.: In- formation Handling Services. Global Engineering Documents. Annual

Index of Federal SpeciJications, Standards and Commercial Item De- scriptions. Washington, D.C.: General Services Administration, Federal Supply Services, 1979-

Industry Standards and Engineering Data. Englewood, Colo.: Informa- tion Handling Services, 1989- Indexes its microfiche edition of the stan- dards of: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, American National Standards Institute, American Society for Testing and Materials, and other organizations.

International Metallic Materials Cross Reference. Editors, John G. Censure and Daniel L. Potts. 3rd ed. Schenectady, N.Y.: Genium Pub. Corp, 1988.

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Jan Ryan Novak 21

KWIC Index of International Standards. 2nd ed. Genaeve, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization, 1985.

Standards: A Resource and Guide for Identification, Selection, and Acquisition. Patricia L. Ricci. Woodbury, MN: Pat Ricci Enterprises, 1992. Contains directory of libraries with standards collections.

B. Selected Standards

Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Philadelphia, American Society for Testing and Materials. Annual

ANSI Standards. American National Standards Institute. New York: ANSI A- ; 1969- Standards are developed by committees of ANSI and by various industry associations.

Historical Industry Standards. Englewood, CO: Information Handling Services. Microfiche set consisting of obsolete documents published by ANSI, ASME, NFPA and others.

International and Foreign National Standards. Englewood, Colo.: In- formation Handling Services. Microfiche. Includes standards from Cana- dian Standards Association, International Civil Aviation Organization, In- ternational Electrotechnical Commission, International Organization for Standardization, and Japanese Industrial Standards.

National Fire Codes. Boston: National Fire Protection Association. 1938- Includes National Electrical Code and Life Safety Code.

OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals. Paris: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1981-

OfFcial Methods of Analysis of the Association of Oficial Analytical Chemisu. Washington, D.C.: Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 15th ed., 1991

Standard for Safety. Chicago: Underwriters Laboratories, UL 1-

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 17th ed.- New York: American Public Health Association. 1989-

U.S. Government Specifications Service. Englewood. CO: Information Handling Services.

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Worldwide Standards Service. Englewood, CO: Information Handling Services, 1991- CD-ROM product contains a comprehensive index of U.S. national standards and international standards, plus full-text stan- dards facsimiles.

Examples of model building codes, often cited and incorporated by refer- ence in state and local building codes, follow. These are subject lo frequent revision and supplementation:

The BOCA Narional Building Code. Chicago: Building Officials and Code Administrators International.

CAB0 One and Two Family Dwelling Code. Homewood, IL: Building and Code Administrators International.

Model Energy Code. Prepared andmaintained by the Council of Ameri- can Building Officials with participation by Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc. (BOCA), International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO), National Conference of States on Building Codes and Standards (NCSBCS) [and] Southern Building Code Congress International, Inc. (SBCCI). Falls Church (Va.) : The Council, 1983-

Standard Amusement Device Code. Southern Building Code Congress International. Birmingham, Ala.: Southern Building Code Congress In- ternational.

Standard Unsafe Building Abaremenr Code. Southern Building Code Congress International.

Uniform Building Code Srandards. International Conference of Build- ing Officials.

A Concise Dictionary of Physics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Dicrionaty for Automotive Engineering: English, French, German. Jean De Coster.: 3rd rev. and enl. ed. New York: K.G. Saur, 1990

Dicrionaty of Energy. Edited by Malcolm Slesser. 2nd ed. New York: Nichols Pub., 1988

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Dictionary of Engineering Acronyms and Abbreviations. New York: Neal-Schuman, 1989

Dictionary of Terms Used in the Safety Profession. Compiled and edited under the direction of Stanley A. Abercrombie. 2nd ed. Park Ridge, IL: American Society of Safety Engineers, 198 1

Encyclopedia of Architecture: Design, Engineering & Construction. Joseph A. Wikes, ed. New York: Wiley, 1988-

Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design. Executive editor, John J. McKetta, associate editor, William A. Cunningham. New York: M. Dekker, 1976-

Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. (Kirk-Othmer). Jacqueline I. Kroschwitz and Mary Howe-Grant, ed. 4th ed. Wiley, 1991. Online ver- sion available on Dialog.

Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences, ed. by Rhodes W. Fairbridge. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1966-

Encyclopedia of Electronics. Stan Gibilisco, Neil Sclater, co-editors-in- chief. 2nd ed. Blue Ridge Summit, PA: Tab Professional and Reference Books. 1990

Encyclopedia of Fluid Mechanics. N.P. Cheremisinoff, editor in collab- oration with G. Akay . . . [et al.]. Houston: Gulf Pub. Co., 1986-

Encyclopedia of Modern Physics. Robert A. Meyers, editor; Steven N. Shore, scientific consultant. San Diego: Academic Press, 1990

Encyclopedia of Plastics, Polymers, and Resins. Compiled by Michael and Irene Ash. New York: Chemical Publishing, 1982-

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering. Editorial board, Herman F. Mark et al., editor-in-chief, Jacqueline I. Kroschwitz. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1985-

Environmental Engineering Dictionary. Edited by C.C. Lee. Rockville, MD: Government Institutes, 1989

Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 12th ed. rev, by Richard J. Lewis. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992

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IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms. 3rd. ed. New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1984

Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary of Electronic Circuits. John Doug- las-Young. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1983

Industrial Engineering Terminology: A Revision of ANSI 294.0-1982: an American National Standard, Approved July 10, 1989. Rev. ed. Nor- cross, GA: Industrial Engineering and Management hess, Institute of Industrial Engineers, 1990

McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology. 20 v. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1992

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 5th ed. Deerfield Beach, Fla.; VCH Publishers, 1985-

Van Nostrand Reinhold Encyclopedia of Chemistry. Douglas M. Consi- dine, editor-inchief; Glenn D. Considine, managing editor. 4th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1984.

V . Handbooks, Manuals

These handbooks are representative of those to be found in sciencelen- gineering collections. When you need to know the governing rules of a discipline, look for works such as:

American Electricians' Handbook. Terrill Croft, editor. 12Lh ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1992

ASM Handbook of Engineering Mathematics. Department of Mechani- cal Engineering, the University of Akron, Mamerto L. Chu et al. Metals Park, OH: American Society for Metals, 1983

ASHRAE HANDBOOK: FUNDAMENTALS. REFRIGERATION SYS- TEMS AND APPLICATIONS. HEATING, VENTILATING AND AIR- CONDITIONING SYSTEMS AND APPWCATIONS. EQUIPMENT. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engi- neers. Separate manuals frequently revised; dates vary.

Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazardr. 4th ed. Boston: Butterworths, 1990

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Jan Ryan Novak 25

Civil Engineer's Reference Book. Edited by L.S. Blake. 4th ed. Boston: Butlerworths, 1989

CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Cleveland, OH: CRC Press. Annual

CRC Handbook of Environmental Control. Editors: Richard G. Bond and Cowad P. Straub. Coordinating editor: Richard Prober. Cleveland, OH: CRC Press 1972-

Electronics Engineers' Handbook. Donald G. Fink, editor, Donald Chistiansen, editor. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1989

Engineering Formulas. Kurt Gieck. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1990

Eshbach's Handbook of Engineering Fundamentals. 4th ed. Editor, Byron D. Tapley, managing editor, Thurman R. Poston. New Yo&: Wdey, 1990

Fire Prorecrion Handbook. 17th ed. Quincy, Mass.: National Fire Protection Association, 1991

Handbook of Air Pollulion Technology. Edited by Seymour Calvert, Harold M. Englund. New York: Wiley, 1984

Handbook of Hydraulic Engineering. Armando Lencastre; translation editor, Patrick Holmes. New York: Halsted Press, 1987

Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens. Mar- shall Sittig. Park Ridge, N.J.: Noyes Publications, 1991

IES Lighting Handbook: Reference Volume: Application Volume. New York: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 198 1-

Indrcstrial Solvents Handbook. Edited by Ernest W. Flick. 3rd ed. Park Ridge, N.J.: Noyes Publications, 1985

Lunge's Handbook of Chemistry. Editor: John A. Dean; formerly com- piled and edited by Norbert Adolph Lange. 13th ed. New York: McGraw- Hill, 1985

The Lineman's and Cableman's Handbook. Edwin B. Kurtz, Thomas M. Shoemaker. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book. 1992

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Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers. Revised by a staff of specialists; Eugene A. Avallone, editor, Theodore Baumeister 111, editor. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987

Metals Handbook. Prepared under the direction of the ASM Interna- tional Handbook Committee. 10th ed. Materials Park, OH: ASM Interna- tional, 1990-

Optical Materials. Editor, Marvin J . Weber. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, 1986-1987.3 v.

Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. George D. Clayton and Flor- ence E. Clayton, editors; contributors, M. C. Battigelli et al., 4th rev. ed. New York: Wiley, 1991-

Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook. 6th ed. Prepared by a staff of specialists under the editorial direction of late editor Robert H. Perry; editor. Don W. Green; assistant editor, James 0. Maloney. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984

RamseyNeeper Architectural Graphic Standards. (RamseylSleeper). John Ray Hoke, Jr.. ed. 8th ed. New York: Wiley, 1988-

S.A.E. Handbook. Warrendale, Pa.: Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. Annual

Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. N. Irving Sax and R. J. Lewis. 8th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992

Shock and Vibration Handbook. Edited by Cyril M. Harris. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1988

Standard Handbook for Civil Engineers. Frederick S. Memtt, editor. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983

Structural Engineering Handbook. Edited by Edwin H. Gaylord, Jr., Charles N. Gaylord. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1990

VI. Directories

Attorneys often need to consult experts in technical disciplines, or analyze the credentials of opponents' experts. Following are a few of the titles helpful to locate people and organizations in the scientific and tech- nical fields.

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American Men and Women of Science. Jacques Cattel Press. New York: Bowke~. Bienniel

Directory of Engineering Societies and Related Organizations. Ru- dolph J . Yacyshen, ed. New York: American Association of Engineering Societies, 1989

Encyclopedia of Associations. Detroit: Gale Research, Inc. Annual

National Trade and Professional Associations of the United States. Craig Colgate, Jr., and Stephen J. Freedman, eds. Washington, D.C.: Co- lumbia Books. Annual

Research Centers Directory. Detroit: Gale Research Co., 13th. ed., 1989

Who's Who in Engineering (Engineers of Distinction). 8th ed. New York: Engineers Joint Council, 1991

Who's Who in Technology. Detroit: Gale Research, Inc., 1989-

Who Is Publishing in Science. Philadelphia: Institute for Scientific In- formation. Annual

World Guide to Scientific Associations and Learned Societies. 5th ed. Barbara Verrel and Helmut Opitz. New York: Saur, 1990

Important professional organizations in the scientific and technical fields include the following:

American Chemical Society 1155 Sixteenth St. NW Washington, DC 20036

American Concrete Institute P.O. Box 19150 Detroit, MI 48219

American Gas Association 1515 Wilson Blvd. Arlinglon, VA 22209

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28 LEGAL REFERENCE SERVICES QUARTERLY

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 3370 L'Enfant Promenade, S.W. Washington, DC 20024

American Institute of Chemical Engineers 345 East 47th St. New York, New York 10017

American National Standards Institute 1430 Broadway New York, New York 10018

American Nuclear Society 555 North Kensington Ave. La Grange Park, IL 60525

American Petroleum Institute 1220 L Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20005

American Society for Metals (ASM Inrernarional) Metals Park, Ohio 44073

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) 1916 Race Street Philadelphia, PA 19103

American Society of Civil Engineers 345 E. 47th St. New York, New York 10017-2398

American Sociery of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers 1791 Tullie Circle Atlanta, GA 30329

American Society of Mechanical Engineers 345 E. 47th St. New York, New York 10017

American Sociery of Safety Engineers 1800 E. Oakton St. Des Plains. IL 60018

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Page 17: Basic Science Reference Sources

Jan Ryan Novak

Human Factors Society P.O. Box 1369 Santa Monica, CA 90406

Illuminating Engineering Society 345 E. 47th St. New York, New York 10017

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 345 East 47th Street New York, New York 10017

National Safety Council 1121 Spring Lake Dr. Itasca, IL 60143

Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE International) 400 Commonwealth Drive Warrendale, PA 15096

Society of Manufacturing Engineers One SME Drive P.O. Box 930 Dearborn, MI 48121

Society of Plastics Engineers 14 Fairfield Dr. Brookfield Center, CT 06805-0403

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