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Basic Weed Science and Management Chris Cornwell Lincoln County Pamela Monnette OSU Extension Service

Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

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Page 1: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Basic Weed Science and Management

Chris Cornwell

Lincoln County

Pamela Monnette

OSU Extension

Service

Page 2: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Overview of Weeds

Workshop

Weed biology and ecology

Sort weeds into functional groups

Introduction to weed control strategies

That don’t require you know the weed name!

Page 3: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Learning Objectives

Describe differences in life cycles and morphology

Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective

weed management techniques

Understand Integrated Pest Management techniques

Both chemical and non-chemical control

Page 4: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

What makes a Weed a Weed?

• “Noxious Weed” is a legal designation for

a plant that is injurious to public health,

agriculture, recreation, wildlife or any

public or private property

Page 5: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

What makes a Weed a Weed?Plant’s Characteristics:

Aggressive colonization, growth, reproduction

Hard seed coat, long lived seeds (seed bank), variable germination

Vegetative propagation

Page 6: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

What makes a Weed a Weed?

Environmental Conditions:

May be adapted to specific conditions and have a competitive

advantage

Commonly adapted to disturbance

Disturbance liberates resources, nutrients, moisture, light & space

Page 7: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Why are Weeds so Weedy?

Page 8: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Why are Weeds so Weedy?

Page 9: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Nature Abhors a vacuum!

Page 10: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Why are Weeds so Weedy??

Aggressive vegetative growth right away

Abundant and rapid reproduction

Great seed dispersal mechanisms

Long-lived seeds and plant parts (rhizomes)

Widely adaptable to soils and climates

Thrive in disturbed/bare soil

Page 11: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Introduction

to Basic

Weed

Management

Page 12: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

We need to understand the biology and ecology of the weeds before we can ‘manage’ them…

Page 13: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Best way to manage

weeds…

Know what weeds you’re

dealing with…

Page 14: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Identify weeds based on…

Page 15: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Identify weeds based on…

Morphology:

Monocot (grasses)

Dicot (broadleaves)

Page 16: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Identify weeds based on…

Botanical Characteristics - Plant family

Families have characteristics in common

Page 17: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Top four weediest plant

families

1. Asteracea

2. Poacea

3. Brassicacea

4. Fabacea

Page 18: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Asteracea (sunflower family)

Dandelion, sowthistle, tansy, groundsel

Page 19: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Poacea (grass family)

Annual bluegrass, quackgrass, wild oats

Page 20: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Brassicacea (mustard family)

Wild mustard, bittercress, shepherd’s

purse

Page 21: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Fabacea (legume or pea family)

Scotch broom, black medic, sweet

clover

Page 22: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Identify weeds based on…

Lifecycle

Annual Biennial Perennial

Grasses Broadleaf Grasses

Page 23: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Annual

Weeds

Go from seed to seed in less than 1 year

Can be periods as short as 45 days

Plants die after they set seed

Growth parallels most cultivated crops

Early colonizers of disturbed sites!

Page 24: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Reproduction via SeedsSeeds have special adaptations to facilitate dispersal

Page 25: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management
Page 26: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Plant Characteristics

Functional Groups:

Page 27: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Winter

Annuals

Germinate in late fall - early spring, set seed in spring/early summer

Spread through seed production

Eg: little bittercress, snapweed, some mustards, chickweed

Page 28: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Shepherd’s Purse (Capsellabursa-pastoris)

Page 29: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Henbit (Lamium sp.)

Page 30: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Groundsel (Senecio sp.)

Page 31: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Chickweed (Stelaria sp.)

Page 32: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Annual Bluegrass (Poa sp.)

Page 33: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Summer

Annuals

Germinate in the spring/summer, bloom and set seed before fall frost

Many annoying weeds in this group for the home garden!

Germinate quickly and are aggressive

Eg: lambsquarters, pigweed, crabgrass, purslane, mallows, ragweed

Page 34: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Pigweed (Amaranthus sp.)

Page 35: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Lambsquarters(Chenopodium sp.)

Page 36: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Bedstraw (Galium sp.)

Page 37: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Nightshade (Solanum sp.)

Page 38: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Purslane (Portulaca sp.)

Page 39: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Barnyardgrass

(Echinochloa crus-galli)

Page 40: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Crabgrass (Digitaria spp.)

Page 41: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Plant Characteristics

Functional Groups

Biennials

Creeping Perennials

Herbaceous Perennials

Woody Perennials

Page 42: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Biennial

Weeds

Page 43: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Biennial Life Cycle

*Finishes it’s life cycle in two years

*Examples of biennials: wild carrot, tansy, prickly lettuce

*Biennials reproduce via seed

Page 44: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Wild Carrot (Daucus carota)

Page 45: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Tansy Ragwort (Seneciojacobaea)

Rosette = Year One

Mature

plant =

Year Two

Page 46: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Perennial

Weeds

Page 47: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Perennial

Weeds

Herbaceous plants that die back and regrow every year

Often most difficult to manage

Underground roots or stems survive

Eg: dandelion, Canada thistle, bindweed

Page 48: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Perennial Life Cycle

Examples of perennials: Canada thistle, dandelion, plantains

Reproduces vegetativelyand by seed

Page 49: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Vegetative Reproduction

Perennials can also reproduce by: Stem tubers = enlarged rhizomes or stolons, also called nutlets Fragments

Stolons (runners)

Rhizomes (modified underground stems)

C111-04C111-04

Page 50: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

• Perennial weeds can be especially difficult to manage.

• The key is to consider when the plants are placing their reserves below ground, which is the best time to kill them.

Page 51: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Curly

Dock (Rumex

crispus)

Page 52: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Canada Thistle (Cirsiumarvense)

Page 53: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Creeping

Perennial

Weeds

Page 54: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Bindweed(Convolvulus arvensis)

Page 55: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Horsetail (Equisetum sp.)

Page 56: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Yellow

Archangel

(Lamiastrum

galeobdolon)

Page 57: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Herbaceous and Woody Perennials

Blackberry Scotch Broom

Page 58: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

How to Manage our Weeds

with Pami!

Page 59: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management
Page 60: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Keys to Weed Management

Page 61: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Keys to Weed Management

Prevent the introduction of new weeds

Discourage new weeds so they can’t compete with

desirable plants

Stop weeds from going to seed in order to reduce the

weed seed bank in soil

Page 62: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Integrated

Weed

Management

Prevention

Cultural Control

Physical Control

Chemical Control

Biological Control

Apply weed control BEFORE plants go

to seed!

Page 63: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Prevention

The EASIEST method of weed control

Get to know really tough weeds in the seedling stage and look for them

• Beware of what you bring in to your garden…• Potting soil: nutsedge & oxalis

• Landscape soil: bindweed, creeping bentgrass

• Compost: wild onion

• Limit “friendship spreading”or trading of invasive

plants with your neighbor

Page 64: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Mechanical Control

Mowing

Plowing

Digging

Mulching

Page 65: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Manual Control

HoeingPulling

Small populations

Biennials andsome perennials

Caution: Disturbancecan lead to new flush

For – Biennials and simple Perennials

Not – Annuals, creeping Perennials

Page 66: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Changing seed depth

Rototilling can move seeds from soil surface below zone of germination . . . but can also bring seeds to soil surface.Can work well on younger weeds, don’t get too close to desirable plants!

Page 67: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Prevention and Physical Control

Organic Mulch:

Can build soil quality

Conserves water

Minimizes erosion

Prevents emergence

Must be weed seed free

For – Annuals, Not so much –

Perennials, Biennials

Page 68: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Prevention and Physical Control

Plastic or Fabric Mulches:

Landscape fabric

Cost: high Durability: Long,

up to 5 years

Advantages: Very effective,

long lasting, allows air and

water penetration.

Disadvantages: Expense,

installation somewhat more

complicated. Special uses:

Excellent mulch for

permanent plantings of

woody landscape plants.

Usually topped with organic

mulch or rock to make it attractive and long lasting.

Page 69: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Prevention:

Mulches

Plastic Mulches:

-Work well in the short-term; annual

gardens

-different colors available, (can help

with growing warm season plants)

-temporarily discourage weeds

-can be unattractive

-can hold in moisture

-work well with drip irrigation installed

Page 70: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Cultural

Controls

Interplant crops, or plant at close spacing to encourage competition with weeds

Use drip irrigation and precise fertilizer application to avoid “feeding weeds”

Clean grounds/beds before planting

Choose vigorous crops to plant (transplants)

Intercrop short-seasoned plants with longer-seasoned ones

Page 71: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Cultural

Create environment for maximum competition against weeds

Soil Fertility

Crop Rotation

Competitive Varieties

Cover Crops

Consider Planting Date and Rate

Composting

Page 72: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Examples of weeds that often indicate poor growing conditions -need to modify the soil

• Weeds Conditions

• Knotweed, annual bluegrass Soil compaction, low soil oxygen levels

• Chickweed Low soil N levels, thin grass

• Dandelion Low fertility, drought, low mowing

• Plantains High soil pH

• Sedges Poor drainage, over watering

• Quackgrass Poor and/or sandy soil

• Spurge Low fertility, drought, Ca soils, low mowing

• Thistle spp. Low fertility, drought, compaction

• Wild carrot, garlic, onion Wet, heavy soils

Page 73: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Specific Examples

Ecological Approaches to

Weed Control

Manage colonization and competition by

limiting access to resources

banding, mulch, transplant

Manage colonization and competition for

space by filling the space with manageable

species

cover crops, complementary plantings

Managing competition through planting

arrangement

Page 74: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management
Page 75: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management
Page 76: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management
Page 77: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management
Page 78: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Think Succession!

Early

Spring

Radish

Kohlrabi

Turnip

Greens

Peas

Early Summer

Tomato

Pepper

Eggplant

Summer

squash

Beans

Fall

Beets

Spinach

Chard

Broccoli/Cabb

age

Page 79: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Chemical Control

Page 80: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

What to

know about

herbicides…

Terminology

Systemic vs. Contact Herbicides

Page 81: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Chemical Control

First: Read the entire label

Effective for specific spot treatments

Effective on stubborn perennial weeds

Recognize potential unintended effects…in a garden setting drift is a very real danger. Spray generally in the morning, not too early, no inversion, not rainy, not windy. Careful where you walk!

Most labels: the minimum PPE is long sleeves etc…

Page 82: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Check out what is available to use and on what.. in the Pacific Northwest Weed Management Handbook

Page 83: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Herbicide Actions

For a herbicide to be effective, it must

1) come in contact with a plant surface,

2) remain on the surface long enough to be

absorbed,

3) reach a target site inside the plant in

sufficient concentrations to disrupt a

physiological process or development.

Contact Absorption Translocate

Page 84: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Herbicide Types

• interfere with the plant’s physiological and metabolic processes

• glyphosate (Roundup type products)

Systemic – travel through plant’s vascular system to reach site of

action

• kill by acute toxicity

• acetic acid

Contact –penetrate the

cuticle and act in leaves and

shoots

Page 85: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Specific ExampleGlyphosate (Roundup)

Broad spectrum herbicide

Systemic

Post emergence/foliar active

Weeds/trees/shrubs/bark

Concentration varies by product

Wind drift hazard/droplet size

No residual or pre-emergent activity, use

before planting but weeds will re-germinate

Page 86: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Glyphosate

Apply glyphosate, a “systemic

herbicide,” on the foliage (leaves) of

the target plant.

The sap (plant-sugar) or phloem

carries the herbicide from the leaves,

down to the roots.

It is possible to apply glyphosate, a

non-selective herbicide, in a selective

manner using a “wick”.

A lot of information and misinformation

out there about health effects - go to

dependable sources: University

research – (OSU) etc.

Page 87: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Examples of

Herbicide drift

damage

Page 88: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management
Page 89: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Specific ExamplePhenoxy Herbicides (2,4-D , Dicamba, Crossbow)

“Weed and Feed” for Lawns

Brush Killer

Post emergence/foliar active

Systemic (sugar flow)

Volatilization hazard (air temperature)

Page 90: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

2,4-D

Weed B Gon MAX, PAR III, Trillion, Tri-Kil, Killex

Mimics the effect of plant hormones and causes the plant to grow uncontrollably which leads to abnormal growth and in some plants death.

Only effective on broadleaf (dicot) weeds

Will not affect lawns

In the soil 2,4-D has a half life of less than 7 days and in water it is broken down in one to several weeks

Page 91: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Contact Herbicides

Contact herbicides destroy cell membranes

or interfere with cell division.

Because a contact herbicide only affects

tissue to which it is applied, complete

coverage is essential.

Not as effective on perennial weeds or

grasses and most effective on SMALL

broadleaf weeds

Page 92: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management
Page 93: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Biological Control

Use of other living organisms for the management of certain weed species

Insects

Diseases

Livestock

Long-term approach

Page 94: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Summary

Learn

Learn to recognize common weed species in your garden or on your property

• Familiarize yourself with biology of that plant

Utilize

Utilize adaptive management strategy

• Prevention is key

• Integrated strategy that suits your goals and lifestyle

Adopt

Adopt a long-term strategy/outlook

• Learn to accept presence of some weeds

• On-going holistic management approach may be best

Page 95: Basic Weed Management...Introduction to weed control strategies That don’t require you know the weed name! ... Apply this learned weed biology to guide effective weed management

Resource Recommendations

PNW Handbookhttp://pnwpest.org/pnw/weeds

https://pnwhandbooks.org/we

ed

https://extension.oregonstate.edu/pests-diseases/weeds