Battery Operated Printer Final Copy.docx

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BATTERY-OPERATED PRINTER

A Science Investigatory Project Presented to the Faculty / Judges / Panelists

of:

AURELIO ARAGO MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Leido, Victoria, Oriental indoro

In Partial Fulfill!ent of the "e#uire!ent for the $raduation of S%&O'(A") &O*"S%

+SPECIAL SCIENCE CURICULLUM

-y:

DARYLL INGRID I. MALAPITAN

arch .01




2

APPROVAL SHEET

2his Science Investigatory Project entitled BATTERY-OPERATED PRINTER

3re3ared and su-!itted -y DARYLL INGRID I. MALAPITAN in 3artial fulfill!ent of the

"e#uire!ent for the $raduation of S%&O'(A") &O*"S% +SP%&IAL S&I%'&%&*"I&*LL* has -een e4a!ined and reco!!ended for acce3tance and a33roval for oral

e4a!inations5

GLECY M. ALQUIZA

"esearch Adviser

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

______________________ ______________________ ELENITA B. AGUILA EDGARDO J. VILLARBA

62 III / "esearch &ritic 62 IV / %nglish &ritic (ate: 777777777777 (ate: 777777777777

______________________ ______________________ LOUIS B. SANTE JR. CECILIA P. CALDERON

"esearch &ritic 2 III / "esearch &ritic (ate: 777777777777 (ate: 777777777777

______________________

JAY-R V. HERNANDEZ

Statistician(ate: 777777777777

"eco!!ending a33roval and acce3tance in 3artial fulfill!ent of the "e#uire!ents for

$raduation of S%&O'(A") &O*"S% +SPECIAL SCIENCE CURICULLUM5

Appro!" #$% __________________

JURY L. ROXAS

Princi3al IV

(ate: 7777777777777




3

II. TABLE OF CONTENTS

2itle Page855888888888888888888888888888588888550

2a-le of &ontents55588888888888888888888888888885558559

A-stract888885558888888888888888888888888855885551

ethodology888555888888888888888888888888888555855

A5 aterials and %#ui3!ent88888888888858888888888;5 2reat!ent and $eneral Procedure888555888888888888888<&5 Product 2esting and (ata $athering888888888888888888=(5 %43eri!ental (esign and Statistical 2ool88885558888888588580.

Introduction88888888888888888888888888885888855501

A5 ;ac>ground of the Study88888888888888888888885555555801;5 State!ent of the Pro-le!s/O-jectives88555588888888888888558850<&5 State!ent of the 6y3othesis88888888888888888888858580?(5 Significance of the Study8888888888888888888888588550@%5 Sco3e and Li!itations888888888888888888888888855550=F5 (efinition of 2er!s8888588888888888888888888555555555550=$5 "evie of "elated Literature888888888888888888885555555555555.

"esults and (iscussion88888888888888888888888888555555899

Su!!ary of Findings888888888888888888888888858885555?=

&onclusions888888888888888888888888888888558855@.

"eco!!endations88888888888888888888888888888585@9

;i-liogra3hy8888888888888888888888888888885588

@1Ac>noledge!ents888888888888888888888888888888

@

A33endi48888888888888888888888888888888888@<

III. ABSTRACT




4

2itle: BATTERY-OPERATED PRINTER

'a!e: DARYLL INGRID I. MALAPITAN

School: AURELIO ARAGO MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

&urrent loss is no attac>ing the 3rovince5 Peo3le are alays e43eriencing -ronouts

that they canBt use their a33liances hich re#uire electricity to function5 Cith this situation, the

researcher ca!e u3 giving solution to this and !a>ing a 3rinter functions even during -ronouts5

;A22%")DOP%"A2%( P"I'2%" is of great hel3 es3ecially to those ho got 3ro-le!s

on 3rinting s3ecifically during -ronouts5 As to the users, ;A22%")DOP%"A2%( P"I'2%"

3oses an alternative to electrical 3rinters s3ecifically during current loss5

$iving solution to the 3ro-le! as !ade ith the use of the -atteries and inverters5

2hrough connection, the 3rinter can -e used during -ronouts5 It as shoed that there is no

significant difference on 3rinting a fullD3age colored docu!ent and fullD3age -lac> and hite

3hoto hile there is a significant difference on 3rinting fullD3age 3lain -lac> docu!ent and fullD

3age colored 3hoto using the 3roduct and an electrical 3rinter5 2hus, this ;A22%")‐

OP%"A2%( P"I'2%" is an effective alternative5

2Dtest shoed that the ;A22%")DOP%"A2%( P"I'2%" is co!3ara-le to %lectrical

Printer in ter!s of the ti!e it ta>es to 3rint a setDu3 and the #uality of a 3rinted setDu35

IV. METHODOLOGY




Electrical Printer 12N12-3B

es with battery clips for Positive & Negative er!inals "## Watts Power $nverter

"

M&'!r(&)*

2he !aterials needed ere %lectrical 3rinter, 0.'0.D9; -attery, . ires ith -attery cli3s

for 3ositive and negative ter!inals and DC inverter5

Tr!&'+!,'* &," Pro!"r!




Connecting Diagram

of all !a'e s(re that the power inverter is t(rne) o*+,se the blac' . cable to connect the negative ter!inal of the battery an)

/

2he 3ro3onent 3re3ared all the !aterials needed for the 3roduct First of all, !a>e sure

that the 3oer inverter is turned off5 *se the -lac> (& ca-le to connect the negative ter!inal of

the -attery and the -lac> 3ost head of the inverter5 *se the red (& ca-le to connect the 3ositive

ter!inal of the -attery and the red 3ost head of the inverter5 2urn the inverter on5 Lastly, 3lug the

3oer 3lug of the e#ui3!ent in the inverterBs out3ut soc>et5

STEP BY STEP PROCESS




nect the ano)e ter!inal of the battery an) the re) post hea) of the inverter+.onnecte) wires into the inverter

.onnecting to the battery

(rn the inverter on+Pl(g the power pl(g of the e0(ip!ent in the inverters o




Final Connection




p a g e c o l o r e ) p h o t o % ( l l p a g e b l a c ' & w h i t e p h o t o % ( l l p a g e c o l o r e ) ) o c ( ! e n t % ( l l p a g e p l a i n b l a c ' ) o c ( ! e nt

Pro"' T!*'(,/ &," D&'& G&'0!r(,/

2o deter!ine the ti!e it ta>es to 3rint the folloing setDu3s in ter!s of the nu!-er of the

hours the -attery as used, the researcher conducted three trials and recorded the ti!e it ta>es to

3rint the setDu3s5

2o deter!ine the nu!-er of 3ages that can -e 3rinted in ter!s of hour range the -attery

as used, the researcher conducted three trials and counted the nu!-er of 3ages that can -e

3rinted in each setDu35

2o deter!ine ho long a 0. V -attery can su33ly a 3rinter, the researcher conducted

three trials and recorded ho long did the -attery last5

2o deter!ine if there is a significant difference -eteen the electrical 3rinter and -atteryD

o3erated 3rinter in 3rinting the setDu3s in ter!s of ti!e and #uality, the researcher conducted

the o-servations and recorded the ti!e it too> to 3rint and the rate the res3ondents gave for the

to 3roducts5


S!'-p



1#

In rating the 3rinted setDu3s, the researcher e43lained to the res3ondents on ho the

res3ondents ill rate it using the legend5

Legend of grades:

D %4cellent + the 3rinted 3age has very high #uality 1D Very $ood + the 3rinted 3age has high #uality 9D $ood + the 3rinted 3age has a !oderate high #uality .D Fair + the 3rinted 3age has a lo #uality 0D Poor + the 3rinted 3age has a very lo #uality

E1p!r(+!,'&) D!*(/,

In co!3aring the %lectrical Printer and the ;atteryDo3erated on, the researcher used toD

grou3 design here to co!3ara-le grou3s ere e!3loyed as e43eri!ental and control

grou35

S'&'(*'(&) Too)

A. ean as used to deter!ine the average #uantity of each varia-le ta>en5

A. ´ x=

Σ x

n




11

20!r!%

´ x is the !ean E

31 is the su! of the scoresE

, is the nu!-er of res3ondents

B. 2Dtest as used to deter!ine if there a significant difference -eteen the electrical 3rinter

and -atteryDo3erated 3rinter in 3rinting the folloing setu3s:05 FullD3age 3lain -lac> docu!ent.5 FullD3age colored docu!ent95 FullD3age -lac> hite 3hoto

15 FullD3age colored 3hotoin ter!s of the folloing:

05 2i!e5.5 Guality5

B.t =

x1− x

2

√[

SS1+SS

2

n1+n2−2

] [ 1

n1

+ 1

n2

]

2HERE%

t = the tDtest

X 1= the !ean of the grou3 0

X 2= the !ean of the grou3 .

SS 1= the su! of s#uares of grou3 0

SS 2= the su! of s#uares of grou3 .




12

n1= the nu!-er of o-servations in grou3 0

n2= the nu!-ers of o-servations in grou3 .

V. INTRODUCTION

A. B&4/ro," o5 '0! S'"$

&urrent loss is no attac>ing the 3rovince5 Peo3le are alays e43eriencing -ronouts

that they canBt use their a33liances hich re#uire electricity to function5 Students as ell as the

3rofessionals canBt do their 3a3er or>s since they canBt 3roduce their hard co3ies5 &urrent loss

is such a -ig hindrance for acco!3lishing 3ages or>s and other 3rojects5




13

A -ronout is a te!3orary interru3tion of 3oer service in hich the electric 3oer is

reduced, rather than -eing cut as is the case ith a -lac>out5 2here are ide ranges of causes for

-ronouts5 Just li>e -lac>outs, overloads on the electrical syste! can trigger one, as the

generating facility is una-le to 3rovide enough 3oer5 It can also occur hen events such as

stor!s disru3t the distri-ution grid, or hen there are other 3ro-le!s in the syste!5 2hey can last

for a fe seconds or a fe hours, de3ending on the cause and ho #uic>ly a 3oer utility can get

full 3oer running again5

In Oriental indoro, current loss is not ta>ing its a-sence every day5 2here are ti!es that

during the hole afternoon starting fro! ?: in the !orning until ?: in the evening, there is a

current loss5 So, the tendency is that the indoreHos cannot finish their tas>s5

Last 3ast fe !onths, the hole 3rovince of Oriental indoro as e43eriencing to to

three hours of daily 3oer interru3tions on a staggered -asis, or local 3oer officials here tag as

rotational -ronouts, as its 3oer re#uire!ents are still short of so!e .5 !egaatts of 3oer

su33ly5 And this scenario so!eho alar! !any islanders here even as local officials here are

fast trac>ing the different 3oer 3rojects to solve or at least ease u3 the 3ro-le! and not turn it

into a crisis5

In this day and age, inventions are -eing universal5 2hese inventions include gadgets and

a33liances5 2hese gadgets and a33liances are lot of use everyhere even in our on house,

school, office and even outdoors5 2hese inventions hel3 us in our daily lives that in fact, !a>e

every life easier and !ore co!forta-le52hese gadgets and a33liances re#uires cords and electric current just to -e 3oered and

used hile so!e are used as 3orta-le hich does not re#uire cords5 Inventions that re#uire cords




14

and electric current are 3rinters, ashing !achines and !any !ore5 So!e that does not re#uire

such chords are cell 3hones, la3to3s and !any !ore5 2hey need a -attery to -e o3erated and

3oered5

2hese inventions that re#uire cords and electric current canBt -e used hen there is no

current5 Cith this 3ro-le!, hy donBt 3roduce cordless inventions that can -e used during

-ronout es3ecially the inventions usually needed in house, school, offices and other 3laces that

re#uire 3a3er or>sKPrinters are 3eri3heral hich 3roduce re3resentations of an electronic docu!ent on

3hysical !edia such as 3a3er or trans3arency fil!5 It is used in school, houses to 3roduce hard

co3ies5 It is an electronic device ith chords that re#uire electric current to -e o3erated and used5;ut during -ronout, 3rinters are out of use5 "esearch 3a3ers canBt -e 3rinted as ell as

the 3hotos5 'oadays, there are different !odels of 3rinters that offer good #uality -ut all of

the! are electric currentDo3erated or used ith electricity and 3lug5 2hus, they canBt still use

during electric current loss5(uring -ronouts, 3eo3le do use lot of 3oer source5 One of these is the use of

generators5 So!e also use -atteries as their 3oer source just to use their a33liances and gadgets

hich re#uire electricity5 2hey use -atteries to light a -ul- and to 3rovide the! light5 So, in

concern ith the 3rofessionalsB 3ro-le! due to -ronout, let us 3roduce a 3rinter 3oered -y a

-atteryK So although there is current loss, the 3rofessionals can finish their re3orts on ti!e as

ell as the students52he researcher got very !uch interested in !a>ing a ay of -atteryDo3erated 3rinter5 2he

result of this study is to 3ro3ose a solution on ho to use the 3rinter even it is out of 3oer

es3ecially hen in rush -ecause e all >no that the !ain 3ro-le! in 3rinting re3orts during

-ronouts is that they canBt use 3rinters due to 3oer loss5 oreover, this ai!ed significantly

hel3 the residents ho are greatly affected -y -ronouts in a ay that they can finish their




1"

re3orts even -ronouts5 2his ill hel3 3eo3le in their school 3a3ers, office re3orts, and other

needs concerning 3rinting5

B. S'&'!+!,' o5 '0! Pro#)!+

2his 3roject ai!ed to !a>e use the 3rinter during -ronouts hich can -e 3oered -y a

-attery5 2he study suggests a ay to solve ho to use a 3rinter even -ronout5 2hrough using

-attery, it could -e 3ossi-le to !a>e the 3rinter functional even out of electricity5

S3ecifically, this study sought to anser the folloing #uestions:

05 6o long does it ta>e to 3rint the folloing setDu3s in ter!s of the nu!-er of hours the

-attery as usedK

05 FullD3age 3lain -lac> docu!ent

.5 FullD3age colored docu!ent

95 FullD3age -lac> hite 3hoto

15 FullD3age colored 3hoto.5 6o !any 3ages of the folloing setDu3 can -e 3rinted in ter!s of hour range the -attery

as usedK95 6o long does the 0. V -attery can su33ly a 3rinter in ter!s of hoursK

C. S'&'!+!,' o5 '0! H$po'0!*(*

05 2here is no significant difference -eteen the electrical 3rinter and -atteryDo3erated

3rinter in 3rinting the folloing setu3s:05 FullD3age 3lain -lac> docu!ent




1/

.5 FullD3age colored docu!ent95 FullD3age -lac> hite 3hoto15 FullD3age colored 3hoto

in ter!s of the folloing:05 2i!e5

.5 Guality5

D. S(/,(5(&,! o5 '0! S'"$

&urrent loss in rural areas and even in ur-an areas in Phili33ines -eca!e !ore fre#uent

-ecause of so!e 3ro-le!s concerning energy5 So, hen the 3oer got lost, tas>s !ust -e 3aused

or even sto33ed -ecause residents need electricity to acco!3lish their tas>s es3ecially those

3rofessional even students5

;y conducting this study, students, teachers and other 3rofessional can continue 3rinting

their re3orts5 2his study ill hel3 students, teachers and other 3rofessional to fight and disregard

hindrance on 3rinting concerns during -ronout5 2his study ill have a significant i!3act on

students and even to 3rofessionals 3erfor!ances es3ecially ho rush and found difficulty to 3rint

-ecause of electricity loss5

Advantage of this study can -e found in its feature5 ;atteryDo3erated 3rinter can -e used

anyti!e even -ronout since it is -atteryDo3erated5 2hus, it can -e used during -ronouts5

oreover, it can lessen the hindrances on 3rinting due to -ronout5




1

E. Sop! &," L(+('&'(o,*

2his study, BATTERY-OPERATED PRINTER focused on solving 3ro-le!s

concerning 3rinting due to 3oer loss5 2his study focused on the !a>ing use of 3rinter using

-attery hich ill -e used even out of 3oer5 2he study also concentrated on using the -attery as

source of 3oer su33ly of the 3rinter5

2he study as conducted and the 3roduct as tested to deter!ine the s3eed of 3rinting

docu!ents in ter!s of the nu!-er of 3ages that can -e 3rinted, nu!-er of !inutes the -attery

as used and the nu!-er of !inutes 0.DV -attery can su33ly the 3rinter at the researcherBs

residence fro! June .09 and continuously researching u3 to 3resent5

F. D!5(,('(o, o5 T!r+*

2he folloing ter!s are defined for -etter understanding and full a33reciation of the

study5

B&''!r$-op!r&'!" refers to 3oered -y one or !ore -atteries

Bro6,o' refers to reduction or cut-ac> in electric 3oer es3ecially as a result of a

shortage or a !echanical failure5

Cor"* refer to electric ires or ca-lesE 3lugs hich let electricity flo

I,!r'!r a device that changes direct current into alternating current and is

co!!only used on -oats to o3erate devices such as radios fro! -atteries




1

Pr(,'!r a !achine that 3rints -oo>s, nes3a3ers or !againes

G. R!(!6 o5 R!)&'!" L('!r&'r!

A ne a study of the 3roduction of LiDion -atteries shos that this !ay indeed -e the

case5 In the Journal of Power Sources (2013), "al3h ;rodd and &arlos 6elou, ho or> for

to -ig energy consultancies, !odeled the cost of lithiu!Dion +LiDion cells 3roduced -y hand

and -y auto!ated asse!-ly5 2hey found that auto!ation can al!ost e#ualie the 3roduction cost:

!ade in an A!erican 3lant at high volu!e, rechargea-le LiDion cells of the 0@< sort +hich

are used in !any consu!er devices, see 3icture ould cost only M,? !ore than if they are

3roduced in a &hinese 3lant5

2his difference, the authors argue, is s!allNand can #uic>ly disa33ear if e4change rates

!ove or ages go u35 And there are other reasons, for anting to !a>e things at ho!e as the

recent fuss over shoddy &hinese solar 3anels has shon5 ;ut although A!erica has long -een on

the cutting edge of LiDion research, it i!3orts to -illion 0@< cells annually5 2his is nearly a

third of the orld 3roduction5

2he reasons for this are largely don to history5 2he Ja3anese electronics industry, ith

generous su33ort fro! the govern!ent, !ade the first !ove into volu!e !anufacturing of such


http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/29/business/energy-environment/solar-powers-dark-side.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/29/business/energy-environment/solar-powers-dark-side.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0



1

-atteries in the 0==s5 Although everyone >ne that they ould -e a critical 3art of a ne

generation of 3orta-le electronic devices, A!erican !anufacturers decided against volu!e

3roductionN-ecause the ne -atteries offered a lo return on invest!ent co!3ared to their

e4isting -usinesses5 oreover, the A!erican govern!ent as not interested in su33orting the

industry5

Over ti!e, hoever, the ra3id groth of LiDion 3lants in Ja3an, and then orea, created

difficulties for A!erican !anufacturers of consu!er electronics -ecause 3roduct develo3!ent

re#uires close contact -eteen device designers and -attery !a>ers5 And in the 0==s &hinese

investors -eca!e convinced that a do!estic -attery industry as critical to the &hinese

electronics industry, and invested accordingly5 A -ig 3art of LiDion cell 3roduction !oved to

&hina here !uch of it still -ased5

If this study is correct, !a>ing LiDion -atteries in A!erica is econo!ically via-le5 And

the lesson fro! history is that this ould not just -enefit -attery !a>ers, -ut the entire econo!y5

%ven if one considers the recent failures of A!erican electricDvehicle -attery !a>ers, the study

3uts in 3ers3ective the M.51 -illion s3ent so far on esta-lishing a do!estic lithiu!Dion -attery

su33ly chain for electric vehicles5 Atte!3ts to engineer clusters of -attery researchers, !a>ers

and vehicle !anufacturers !a>e a lot of sense5 Foregoing such s3ending no can -e costly

further don the line5

According to C)&r47 P. 89:;9< on her literature Power Growth: Batteries required”,

groth in renea-le 3oer 3lants has increased the need for gridDscale -atteries to store their

electricity5


http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21578679-electric-car-stalls-race-be-green-wheels-future-not


http://www.economist.com/news/business/21567967-will-citys-new-energy-industry-thrive-windy-cluster






2#

2he li#uid !etal -attery is not due to -e ready for co!!ercial testing until the first 3art of

.015 ;ut it is easy to see hy 3eo3le are so interested in this and the other 3otentially

transfor!ative energy storage technologies that have steadily started to !a>e their ay fro!

la-oratory to factory floor5

2he idea of soDcalled gridDscale storage has long -een a holy grail in the orlds of

technology and green energy5 Cind far!s are !arvelous for !a>ing clean electricity, e4ce3t on

still days5 2he sa!e goes for a solar 3anel at night5 2hat !a>es the! ho3elessly unrelia-le

co!3ared ith the coal 3oer stations or gas 3lants that 3u!3 out so !any of the car-on dio4ide

e!issions scientists arn are heating the 3lanet to 3otentially dangerous levels5 ;ut if there as a

ay of storing renea-ly generated 3oer so it could -e used later, that !ight -e a >ey to

sloing cli!ate change, ith the added -enefit of shar3ly -oosting the efficiency of electricity

grids5

(es3ite !any years of effort, hoever, storing energy on such a large scale is still

3roving trou-leso!e5 2he recurring the!e ith storage is difficultyB, says analyst Al-ert

&heung of the ;loo!-erg 'e %nergy Finance research grou35 2his is so!ething of an

understate!ent a-out an industry that has -een dogged -y technical and financial 3ro-le!s5 2he

-attery has failed to !a>e anything li>e the advances seen in other technologies, such as the

tele3hone or 3ersonal co!3uter5 If it had, you could -uy a chea3 electric car that could run for

thousands of !iles on a single charge and a !o-ile 3hone that recharged in an instant and did not

need to -e 3lugged -ac> in for a !onth5

Instead e have relatively inefficient devices that are still 3rohi-itively e43ensive

co!3ared ith other for!s of energy generation5


http://www.ft.com/cms/s/1/554bf662-acf1-11d9-ad92-00000e2511c8.html#axzz2BwjhX2oz

http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7ffab63e-1dd0-11e2-8e1d-00144feabdc0.html

http://www.ft.com/cms/s/1/554bf662-acf1-11d9-ad92-00000e2511c8.html#axzz2BwjhX2oz

http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7ffab63e-1dd0-11e2-8e1d-00144feabdc0.html



21

2he cost of -uilding a gasDfired 3oer 3lant, for e4a!3le, is around Q a >iloatt, less

than a #uarter of so!e -attery storage syste!s, according to the Frontier %cono!ics consultancy5

2hat is one reason the gridDscale -attery storage !ar>et is still very s!all5 &u!ulative glo-al

sales have gone fro! around M1! in . to around M0-n this year, according to ;ostonD

head#uartered Lu4 "esearch5

2his is largely than>s to the !ar>et leader, Ja3anBs '$ Insulators, hose sodiu! sulfur

-atteries have -een in co!!ercial use for nearly a decade5 ;ut in Se3te!-er last year, one of

'$Bs -atteries caught fire, forcing the co!3any to as> custo!ers to te!3orarily sus3end use of

its 3roduct5 2hey see! to have found a fi4 for that and are co!ing -ac>, says Anissa (eha!na

of Pi>e "esearch5 ;ut several others have not -een so luc>y5 At least three advanced -attery

technology co!3anies have declared -an>ru3tcy in the 3ast 0. !onths, !ost recently the high

3rofile A0.9 Syste!s 5

It ent under last !onth des3ite having develo3ed technology judged so 3ro!ising for

the electric vehicle and energy storage !ar>ets that it as aarded a M.1=! *S de3art!ent of

energy grant5

Chen you loo> at the entire leader -oard of technology su33liers for this !ar>et, every

single one has encountered very significant financial distress or very significant safety and

technology hurdles, says Steve innihan of Lu4 "esearch5 any of the! are having -oth of

these 3ro-le!s5 It really is staggering5 r innihan 3redicts it is going to -e another five to 0

years -efore -atteries are 3roviding anything !ore than highly s3ecialied or niche grid services5

2he oes of the electric car !ar>et have -een one reason for the industryBs oes5

any -attery co!3anies had ho3ed their technology ould -e used in a fast groing

electric car !ar>et that ould drive !ore efficient su33ly chains and eventually loer 3rices5


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22

;ut the electric vehicle !ar>et has not gron nearly as fast as !any had ho3ed5 2his is one

reason hy 3eo3le li>e Professor Sadoay of I2 re3eatedly insist their -atteries are going to

-e afforda-le5

In this literature, it just 3roved that the -atteries are of great use even there is a 3oer

flo and thus, it also 3roved that -atteries can -e a 3oer source of a gadget or a33liances5

According to Br&(,7 M.7 Br$&,'7 C. &," P+p0r!$ C. 89:;9< on their article “How

Batteries Work”, let us i!agine a orld here everything that used electricity had to -e 3lugged

in5 Flashlights, hearing aids, cell 3hones and other 3orta-le devices ould -e tethered to

electrical outlets, rendering the! a>ard and cu!-erso!e5 &ars couldnRt -e started ith the

si!3le turn of a >eyE a strenuous cran>ing ould -e re#uired to get the 3istons !oving5 Cires

ould -e strung everyhere, creating a safety haard and an unsightly !ess5 2han>fully,

-atteries 3rovide us ith a !o-ile source of 3oer that !a>es !any !odern conveniences

3ossi-le5

Chile there are !any different ty3es of -atteries, the -asic conce3t -y hich they

function re!ains the sa!e5 Chen a device is connected to a -attery, a reaction occurs that

3roduces electrical energy5 2his is >non as an electroche!ical reaction5 Italian 3hysicist &ount

Alessandro Volta first discovered this 3rocess in 0?== hen he created a si!3le -attery fro!

!etal 3lates and -rineDsoa>ed card-oard or 3a3er5 Since then, scientists have greatly i!3roved

u3on VoltaRs original design to create -atteries !ade fro! a variety of !aterials that co!e in a

!ultitude of sies5


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http://science.howstuffworks.com/electricity.htm



23

2oday, -atteries are all around us5 2he 3oer is our rist atches for !onths at a ti!e5

2hey >ee3 our alar! cloc>s and tele3hones or>ing, even if the electricity goes out5 2hey run

our s!o>e detectors, electric raors, 3oer drills, !39 3layers, ther!ostats DD and the list goes

on5 If youRre reading this article on your la3to3 or s!art3hone, you !ay even -e using -atteries

right no 6oever, -ecause these 3orta-le 3oer 3ac>s are so 3revalent, itRs very easy to ta>e

the! for granted5 2his article ill give you a greater a33reciation for -atteries -y e43loring their

history, as ell as the -asic 3arts, reactions and 3rocesses that !a>e the! or>5 So cut that cord

and clic> through our infor!ative guide to charge u3 your >noledge of -atteries5 2his is related

-ecause these articles discussed the ay the -atteries or> hich is one of the focus of the

researcherBs study5

According to an article =B&''!r(!* &* Sor! o5 E,!r/$> retrieved fro!

6669.!,/.&+.&.4 , -atteries can -e a source of electrical 3oer5 %very year over 0 -illion

-atteries for household use are 3roduced and sold orldide5 any are al>aline or incDcar-on

-atteries hich are discarded after a single use, at considera-le cost -oth econo!ically and to the

environ!ent5

Ongoing advances in -oth rechargea-le -atteries and -attery chargers, !ean that singleD

use -atteries can largely -e re3laced ith environ!entally friendly, rechargea-le 'ic>elDetal

6ydride +'i6 or Lithiu!Dion +LiDion -atteries that last far longer in high drain devices D

each ti!e they are charged D and can -e used !any hundreds of ti!es555saving a great deal of

!oney5


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24

2here are a nu!-er of different ty3es of household -atteries, used for a variety of

3ur3oses5 2he three !ain ty3es are et cell hich is used -y industry and lead acid to 3oer

vehiclesE dry cell non Trechargea-le hich is used as household -atteries and dryDcell

rechargea-le -atteries used in 3oer tools, cordless a33liances, !o-ile 3hones, etc5

$eneral 3ur3ose dis3osa-le household -atteries include:

• Uinc car-on used in lo drainage a33liances such as torches, cloc>s, shavers and radios5

• Uinc chloride used in si!ilar a33lications5

• Al>aline !anganese used in 3ersonal stereos, radioDcassette 3layers5 Less 3rone to

lea>ing than the a-ove to ty3es and longer lasting5

• Pri!ary -utton cells:

•

ercuric o4ide used in -atteries for hearing aids, 3ace!a>ers, 3hotogra3hic e#ui3!ent5

• Uinc air D an alternative to !ercuric o4ide -utton cells D used for hearing aids and radio

3agers5

• Silver o4ide used for electronic atches and calculators5

• Lithiu! used for atches and 3hotogra3hic e#ui3!ent5

(ryDcell rechargea-le -atteries for household use include:




2"

• 'ic>el cad!iu! +'i&d -atteries D one of the earliest technologies, -ut one of the fastest

groing sectors in the -attery !ar>et5

• 'ic>el !etal hydride +'i6 -atteries D a less environ!entally har!ful alternative to

'i&d and tend to have a longer life5

• Lithiu! ion +LiDIon -atteries D greater energy storage ca3acity than 'i&d and 'i6

-atteries5

*sed for cordless 3oer tools, 3ersonal stereos, 3orta-le tele3hones, la3Dto3 co!3uters,

shavers, !otoried toys etc, ith a life of 1D years5 *sing rechargea-le -atteries reduces the

nu!-er of -atteries re#uiring dis3osal, -ut @ of the! contain nic>el cad!iu!, a >non

hu!an carcinogen, and therefore need to -e dis3osed of safely5 2his is a related literature since it

3roves that a -attery can -e 3oer source5 2hus, this can !a>e a 3rinter function hich is the

researcherBs study5

According to an article on How Rechargeable Batteries Work” retrieved fro!

6669.!,/.&+.&.4 a -attery is !ade u3 of one or !ore se3arate cells5 6oever, the

ter! battery is idely used for -oth -atteries and single cells5 All -atteries convert stored

che!ical energy into electrical energy5 2his is achieved through causing electrons to flo

henever there is an e4ternal conductive 3ath -eteen the cellRs electrodes5 %lectrons flo as a

result of an electroDche!ical reaction -eteen the cellRs to electrodes that are se3arated -y an

electrolyte5 2he cell -eco!es discharged hen the active !aterials inside the cell are de3leted

and the che!ical reactions slo5 2he voltage 3rovided -y a cell de3ends on the electrode




2/

!aterial, their surface area and !aterial -eteen the electrodes +electrolyte5 &urrent flo sto3s

hen the connection -eteen the electrodes is re!oved5 "echargea-le cells o3erate on the sa!e

3rinci3le, e4ce3t that the che!ical reaction that occurs can -e reversed if the cell is charged 5

2his involves causing a current to flo through the -attery in the reverse direction, -y a33lying

an e4ternal voltage -eteen the ter!inals5 Chen connected to an a33ro3riate charger, cells

convert electrical energy -ac> into 3otential che!ical energy5 2he 3rocess is re3eated every ti!e

the cell is discharged and recharged5

(ifferent cells use different electrode !aterials and have different voltage out3uts +05.,

05, . and 95< volts for the ty3es discussed here5 6igher voltages are 3ossi-le -y connecting

cells in series5

2he ca3acity of cells is deter!ined -y the !aterials used in its construction, and is

e43ressed in a!3Dhours +Ah or !illia!3Dhours +!Ah5 2he a33ro4i!ate ti!e that a -attery ill

last 3er charge can -e found -y dividing the -attery ca3acity +often 3rinted on the -attery itself

-y the average current consu!3tion of the device5

2hus a < !Ah -attery can -e e43ected to 3oer a receiver that ta>es <!A for 0

hours5

;atteries can -e visualied as consisting of one or !ore ideal cells ith a resistor in series

D the internal resistance5 )ou onRt find an actual resistor should you s3lit o3en a -attery 3ac>,

-ut the effect is the sa!e5 &ertain -attery ty3es have higher values of internal resistance than

others5 6igh internal resistance doesnRt !atter if 3oering ite!s that dra fairly lo currents +eg

a cloc> or s!all receiver5 6oever, if you are running so!ething li>e a 3oerful torch or audio




2

a!3lifier, oing to Oh!Rs La a -attery ith a high internal resistance !ay not deliver the

current as>ed of it5 2his is related since it tac>led a-out ho rechargea-le -atteries or>5 2his

ill -e a great hel3 for the further study of this hen desired to use a rechargea-le -attery5

According to Br&(,7 M. 89:;:< on his article How ithiu!"#o$ Battery Works, lithiu!D

ion -atteries are incredi-ly 3o3ular these days5 )ou can find the! in la3to3s, P(As, cell

3hones and iPods5 2heyRre so co!!on -ecause, 3ound for 3ound, theyRre so!e of the !ost

energetic rechargea-le -atteries availa-le5

Lithiu!Dion -atteries have also -een in the nes lately5 2hatBs -ecause these -atteries

have the a-ility to -urst into fla!es occasionally5 ItRs not very co!!on DD just to or three

-attery 3ac>s 3er !illion have a 3ro-le! DD -ut hen it ha33ens, itRs e4tre!e5 In so!e situations,

the failure rate can rise, and hen ha33ens, you end u3 ith a orldide -attery recall that can

cost !anufacturers !illions of dollars5

Lithiu!Dion -atteries are 3o3ular -ecause they have a nu!-er of i!3ortant advantages

over co!3eting technologies:

2heyRre generally !uch lighter than other ty3es of rechargea-le -atteries of the sa!e sie5

2he electrodes of a lithiu!Dion -attery are !ade of lighteight lithiu! and car-on5 Lithiu! is

also a highly reactive ele!ent, !eaning that a lot of energy can -e stored in its ato!ic -onds5

2his translates into a very high energy density for lithiu!Dion -atteries5 6ere is a ay to get a

3ers3ective on the energy density5 A ty3ical lithiu!Dion -attery can store 0 attDhours of

electricity in 0 >ilogra! of -attery5 A 'i6 +nic>elD!etal hydride -attery 3ac> can store

3erha3s 0 attDhours 3er >ilogra!, although < to ? attDhours !ight -e !ore ty3ical5


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2

A leadDacid -attery can store only . attDhours 3er >ilogra!5 *sing leadDacid technology, it

ta>es < >ilogra!s to store the sa!e a!ount of energy that a 0 >ilogra! lithiu!Dion -attery can

handle5 2hatRs a huge difference5

2hey hold their charge5 A lithiu!Dion -attery 3ac> loses only a-out 3ercent of its charge

3er !onth, co!3ared to a . 3ercent loss 3er !onth for 'i6 -atteries5 2hey have no !e!ory

effect, hich !eans that you do not have to co!3letely discharge the! -efore recharging, as

ith so!e other -attery che!istries5

Lithiu!Dion -atteries can handle hundreds of charge/discharge cycles5 2hat is not to say

that lithiu!Dion -atteries are flaless5 2hey have a fe disadvantages as ell: 2hey start

degrading as soon as they leave the factory5 2hey ill only last to or three years fro! the date

of !anufacture hether you use the! or not5

2hey are e4tre!ely sensitive to high te!3eratures5 6eat causes lithiu!Dion -attery 3ac>s

to degrade !uch faster than they nor!ally ould5 If you co!3letely discharge a lithiu!Dion

-attery, it is ruined5 A lithiu!Dion -attery 3ac> !ust have an onD-oard co!3uter to !anage the

-attery5 2his !a>es the! even !ore e43ensive than they already are5 2here is a s!all chance

that, if a lithiu!Dion -attery 3ac> fails, it ill -urst into fla!e5 any of these characteristics can

-e understood -y loo>ing at the che!istry inside a lithiu!Dion cell5 2his e43lains ho the

-atteries of la3to3s and cell3hones or> that gave idea to the researcher in converting the

electric 3rinter to a -atteryDo3erated one5

According to E1p)oro? T!&+ 89:;:< on their article, Inverters, an inverter is an

electronic device that converts one voltage to a higher voltage5 2ravellers usually ant to convert

0. volts (& +(irect &urrent to .1 volts A& +Alternating &urrent5


http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/everyday-tech/battery.htm





2

Chy ta>e an Inverter travellingK ;ecause e have .1 volts at ho!e, e already have

!any a33liances that run off .1 volts, hether itRs a very lo 3oer charger for a ca!era, or a

very high 3oered !icroave oven5 An Inverter allos you to use the a33liances you already

have hen you are aay fro! ains 3oer D 3rovided you have an Inverter that 3uts out enough

3oer to suit the loads and that it 3uts out a avefor! good enough for the load5

Bene5ts of (sing an $nverter+ Appliances+ ,sing an $nverter saves yo(

the cost of replacing 24# volt appliances with 12 volt e0(ivalents - 12 volt

versions are (s(ally !(ch !ore e6pensive or possibly not available for the

appliance yo( wish to (se+

Operation. ,sing an $nverter is !(ch 0(ieter than (sing a 7enerator to

pro)(ce 24# volts an) while r(nning o* batteries there are no concerns

abo(t f(!es or heat fro! the e6ha(st an) no 8a!!able f(el to han)le+

Versatility. 9n $nverter can be (se) whilst the vehicle is r(nning an)

therefore not ta'ing a )rain o* the a(6iliary battery+ his has !any practical

applications: ie arrive at ca!psite with f(lly charge) battery lanterns

ca!era batteries laptop an) so on+ ;n a safety note - an $nverter can<t be

switche) on when yo( go to start the vehicle+ his is )(e to the s(rge of

c(rrent re0(ire) to start a vehicle can )rop the voltage )own below 1#=.+

9fter the vehicle has starte) it will s(rge bac' (p to 12-13+=. an) the

co!bination of these 2 s(rges can )a!age the $nverter an)>or appliance+




3#

?i@e of $nverter Nee)e)+ he following table is only a g(i)e - there is a

lot of variation in start(p s(rge loa) an) contin(o(s loa) for si!ilar

appliances between !a'es>!o)els+

he following are si@es of $nverter Ae0(ire) ype of 9ppliance

• 0 atts D &harger for ca!eras, la3to3s, and s!all 3oer toolsE (V( 3layerE coffee

grinderE >itchen !i4erE 3rinterE very s!all television +non L&( 2Vs have degaussing

coils hich can dra atts on startu3

• . atts D S!all 2V, slo coo>er, des>to3 co!3uter, electric -lan>et

• atts D S!all fridge, freeer, s!all angle grinder, drill, large 2V, ashing !achine

+no heat

• 0 atts D ;read!a>er, !icroave +< atts D >ee3 in !ind that the in3ut 3oer for a

!icroave oven is around tice its s3ecified coo>ing 3oer level, due to inefficiencies

in converting to the very high fre#uencies needed for coo>ing D . thousand !illion hert

• 0 atts D 2oaster, s!all airconditioner, chainsa, vacuu! cleaner, iron

• . atts D icroave +0. atts, hair dryer, fan heater, iron

2his literature gave the researcher an idea on hat sie ill -e used for the 3rinter as the

3roduct of this study5




31

According to Gr&#(&,o6*4(7 E. 89:;:< on his article, How %&'(& Power #$verters

Work, everyone uses so!e >ind of electronic gadget hile in their !otorDho!e, S*V or car5 )ou

!ight listen to your P9 3layer, chec> for directions on your glo-al 3ositioning syste! +$PS or

3lay a 3orta-le video ga!e5 2hese ty3es of electronic devices can -e recharged or 3oered -y

3lugging the! into the cigarette lighter +or 3oer 3ort in your vehicle5

;ut hat if you ant to use so!ething a little !ore ela-orate hile youRre on the o3en

roadK ay-e you ant to !a>e toast, atch an L&( 2V, or 3erha3s even rite an article on your

la3to3 co!3uter5 2hese devices 3lug into regular all outlets, not cigarette lighters5 a>ing sure

your electronic gear gets the juice it needs hile on the road isnRt a si!3le !atter of finding the

right ada3ter5 )ou need a 3oer inverter5

Po6!r (,!r'!r* convert direct current +(&, the 3oer that co!es fro! a car -attery,

into alternating current +A&, the >ind of 3oer su33lied to your ho!e and the 3oer larger

electronics need to function5 Chat >ind of 3oer inverter is the right one for the jo-K 6o do

you install oneK And ho e4actly does an inverter change the current fro! one for! to anotherK

In this article, eRll e43lore all the 3ositives and negatives of (& to A& 3oer inverters5

2his literature gave the researcher an idea, ho the inverter or>s and converts a lo

voltage to a higher one5


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32

VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

;. Pro#)!+% Ho6 )o,/ "o!* (' '&4! 'o pr(,' '0! 5o))o6(,/ *!'-p (, '!r+* o5 '0! ,+#!r

o5 0or* '0! #&''!r$ 6&* *!"@

T&#)! ;.; A FULL-PAGE PLAIN BLAC DOCUMENT

Tr(&)* A5'!r : 0or* A5'!r 9 0or* A5'!r 0or*

0 0.5? s 05< s 0@5. s

. 0.5@ s 05@ s 0@50 s

9 0.5? s 05? s 0@50 s

M!&, ;9. * ;. * ;.; *

Shon in the ta-le 050 is the result of the o-servations done hile 3rinting the first setDu3

DDD A FULL-PAGE PLAIN BLAC DOCUMENT5 On the first trial, it too> 0.5? s to 3rint the

setDu3, 05< s after . hours of using the -attery and 0@5. after 1 hours5 On the second trial, it too>

0.5@ s to 3rint the setDu3, 05@ s after . hours and 0@50 s after 1 hours5 On the third trial, 0.5? s to

3rint the setDu3, 05? s after . hours and 0@50 s after 1 hours5

On the average, it too> 0.5? s to 3rint the setDu3, 05? s after . hours of using the -attery

and 0@50 s after 1 hours5




33

2hus, the ti!e ta>es longer to 3rint the setDu3 as the -attery as used continuously5

F(/r! ;.; A FULL-PAGE PLAIN BLAC DOCUMENT

rial 1 rial 2 rial 3

#

2

4

/

1#

12

14

1/

1

2#

9fter # ho(rs

9fter 2 ho(rs

9fter 4 ho(rs

Trials

Time in Sconds

Shon in the figure 050 is the result of the o-servations done hile 3rinting the first setD

u3DDD A FULL-PAGE PLAIN BLAC DOCUMENT. On the average, it too> 0.5? s to 3rint

the setDu3, 05? s after . hours of using the -attery and 0@50 s after 1 hours5





34

T&#)! ;.9 A FULL-PAGE COLORED DOCUMENT

Tr(&)* A5'!r : 0or* A5'!r 9 0or* A5'!r 0or*

0 0950 s 0<5. s 0@5 s

. 095 s 0<5. s 0@5< s

9 095 s 0<59 s 0@5? s

M!&, ;.: * ;.9 * ;. *

Shon in the ta-le 05. is the result of the o-servations done hile 3rinting the second setD

u3 DDD A FULL-PAGE COLORED DOCUMENT5 On the first trial, it too> 0950 s to 3rint the

setDu3, 0<5. s after . hours of using the -attery and 0@5 after 1 hours5 On the second trial, it too>

095 s to 3rint the setDu3, 0<5. s after . hours and 0@5< s after 1 hours5 On the third trial, 095 s to

3rint the setDu3, 0<59 s after . hours and 0@5? s after 1 hours5

On the average, it too> 095 s to 3rint the setDu3, 0<5. s after . hours of using the -attery

and 0@5< s after 1 hours5





3"

F(/r! ;.9 A FULL-PAGE COLORED DOCUMENT


#

2

4

/

1#

12

14

1/

1

2#

9fter # ho(rs

9fter 2 ho(rs

9fter 4 ho(rs

Trials

Time in Seconds

Shon in the figure 05. is the result of the o-servations done hile 3rinting the second

setDu3DDDFULL-PAGE COLORED DOCUMENT. On the average, it too> 095 s to 3rint the

setDu3, 0<5. s after . hours of using the -attery and 0@5< s after 1 hours5





3/

T&#)! ;. FULL-PAGE BLAC AND 2HITE PHOTO

Tr(&)* A5'!r : 0or* A5'!r 9 0or* A5'!r 0or*0 05. s 0?5. s 0=5 s

. 059 s 0?5. s 0=5< s

9 05. s 0?59 s 0=5 s

M!&, ;.9 * ;.9 * ;. *

Shon in the ta-le 059 is the result of the o-servations done hile 3rinting the third setD

u3 DDD FULL-PAGE BLAC AND 2HITE PHOTO5 On the first trial, it too> 05. s to 3rint

the setDu3, 0?5. s after . hours of using the -attery and 0=5 s after 1 hours5 On the second trial, it

too> 059 s to 3rint the setDu3, 0?5. s after . hours and 0=5< s after 1 hours5 On the third trial,

05. s to 3rint the setDu3, 0?5. s after . hours and 0=5 s after 1 hours5

On the average, it too> 05. s to 3rint the setDu3, 0?5. s after . hours of using the -attery

and 0=5 s after 1 hours5


F(/r! ;. FULL-PAGE BLAC AND 2HITE PHOTO




3


#

2

4

/

1#12

14

1/

1

2#

9fter # ho(rs

9fter 2 ho(rs

9fter 4 ho(rs

Trials

Time in Seconds

Shon in the figure 059 is the result of the o-servations done hile 3rinting the third setD

u3DDDFULL-PAGE BLAC AND 2HITE PHOTO. On the average, it too> 05. s to 3rint the

setDu3, 0?5. s after . hours of using the -attery and 0=5 s after 1 hours5


T&#)! ;. FULL-PAGE COLORED PHOTO

Tr(&)* A5'!r : 0or* A5'!r 9 0or* A5'!r 0or*

0 0@5< s .50 s .95. s

. 0@5< s 0=5= s .950 s

9 0@5 s .5 s .95. s

M!&, ;. * 9:.: * 9.9 *

Shon in the ta-le 051 is the result of the o-servations done hile 3rinting the fourth setD

u3 DDD FULL-PAGE COLORED PHOTO5 On the first trial, it too> 0@5< s to 3rint the setDu3,

.50 s after . hours of using the -attery and .95. s after 1 hours5 On the second trial, it too> 0@5<




3

s to 3rint the setDu3, 0=5= s after . hours and .950 s after 1 hours5 On the third trial, 0@5 s to 3rint

the setDu3, .5 s after . hours and .95. s after 1 hours5

On the average, it too> 0@5< s to 3rint the setDu3, .5 s after . hours of using the -attery

and .95. s after 1 hours5


F(/r! ;. FULL-PAGE COLORED PHOTO

rial 1 rial2 rial 3

#

"

1#

1"

2#

2"

9fter # ho(rs

9fter 2 ho(rs

9fter 4 o(rs

Trials

Time in seconds

Shon in the figure 051 is the result of the o-servations done hile 3rinting the fourth

setDu3DDDFULL-PAGE COLORED PHOTO. On the average, it too> 0@5< s to 3rint the setDu3,

.5 s after . hours of using the -attery and .95. s after 1 hours5




3


9. Pro#)!+% Ho6 +&,$ p&/!* o5 !&0 *!'-p &, #! pr(,'!" (, '!r+* o5 0or* r&,/! '0!

#&''!r$ 6&* *!"@

T&#)! 9.; FULL-PAGE BLAC DOCUMENT

Tr(&)* A5'!r :-9 0or* A5'!r 9- 0or*

0 @ 3ages 1.< 3ages

. ? 3ages 1.1 3ages

9 ? 3ages 1.< 3ages

M!&, : p&/!* 9 p&/!*

Shon in the ta-le .50 is the result of the o-servation done hile testing the nu!-er of

3ages of setDu3 A that can -e 3rinted as the -attery as used continuously5 On the first trial, @

3ages ere 3rinted after . hours hile 1.< 3ages after another . hours5 On the second trial, ?

3ages after . hours and 1.1 3ages after another . hours5 On the third trial, ? 3ages ere

3rinted after . hours hile 1.< 3ages after another . hours5On the average, ? 3ages can -e 3rinted after . hours of using the -attery continuously

hile 1. 3ages after another . hours5

2hus, the nu!-er of 3ages can -e 3rinted decreased after another . hours of using the

-attery5

F(/r! 9.; FULL-PAGE PLAIN BLAC DOCUMENT




4#


3#

4##

42#

44#

4/#

4#

"##

"2#

9fter #-2 o(rs

9fter 2-4 o(rs

Trials

Number of Pages

Shon in the figure .50 is the result of the o-servations done hile 3rinting the first setD

u3DDDFULL-PAGE PLAIN BLAC DOCUMENT. On the average, ? 3ages can -e 3rinted

after . hours of using the -attery continuously hile 1. 3ages after another . hours5


-attery5

T&#)! 9.9 FULL-PAGE COLORED DOCUMENT

Tr(&)* A5'!r :-9 0or* A5'!r 9- 0or*

0 1=0 3ages 101 3ages

. 1=9 3ages 109 3ages

9 1= 3ages 100 3ages

M!&, ; p&/!* ;9 p&/!*




41

Shon in the ta-le .5. is the result of the o-servation done hile testing the nu!-er of

3ages of setDu3 ; that can -e 3rinted as the -attery as used continuously5 On the first trial, 1=0

3ages ere 3rinted after . hours hile 101 3ages after another . hours5 On the second trial, 1=9

3ages after . hours and 109 3ages after another . hours5 On the third trial, 1= 3ages ere

3rinted after . hours hile 100 3ages after another . hours5On the average, 1=0 3ages can -e 3rinted after . hours of using the -attery continuously



-attery5

F(/r! 9.9 FULL-PAGE COLORED DOCUMENT




42


3/#

3#

4##

42#

44#

4/#

4#

"##

9fter #-2 ho(rs

9fter 2-4 o(r)

Trials

Number of Pages

Shon in the figure .5. is the result of the o-servations done hile 3rinting the second

setDu3DDDFULL-PAGE COLORED DOCUMENT. On the average, 1=0 3ages can -e 3rinted

after . hours of using the -attery continuously hile 10. 3ages after another . hours5


-attery5

T&#)! 9. FULL-PAGE BLAC AND 2HITE PHOTO




43

Tr(&)* A5'!r :-9 0or* A5'!r 9- 0or*

0 111 3ages 9=. 3ages

. 119 3ages 9=0 3ages

9 119 3ages 9=0 3ages

M!&, p&/!* ; p&/!*

Shon in the ta-le .5. is the result of the o-servation done hile testing the nu!-er of

3ages of setDu3 ; that can -e 3rinted as the -attery as used continuously5 On the first trial, 1=0



3rinted after . hours hile 100 3ages after another . hours5On the average, 1=0 3ages can -e 3rinted after . hours of using the -attery continuously



-attery5

F(/r! 9. FULL-PAGE BLAC AND 2HITE PHOTO




44


3/#

3#

3#

3#

4##

41#

42#

43#

44#

4"#

9fter #-2 ho(rs

9fter 2-4 o(r)

Trials

Number of Pages

Shon in the figure .59 is the result of the o-servations done hile 3rinting the third setD

u3DDDFULL-PAGE BLAC AND 2HITE PHOTO. On the average, 119 3ages can -e 3rinted

after . hours of using the -attery continuously hile 9=03ages after another . hours5


-attery5

T&#)! 9. FULL-PAGE COLORED PHOTO

Tr(&)* A5'!r :-9 0or* A5'!r 9- 0or*

0 9?. 3ages 99. 3ages




4"

. 9?1 3ages 991 3ages

9 9?1 3ages 999 3ages

M!&, p&/!* p&/!*

Shon in the ta-le .51 is the result of the o-servation done hile testing the nu!-er of

3ages of setDu3 ( that can -e 3rinted as the -attery as used continuously5 On the first trial, 1=0



3rinted after . hours hile 100 3ages after another . hours5

On the average, 1=0 3ages can -e 3rinted after . hours of using the -attery continuously



-attery5

F(/r! 9. FULL-PAGE COLORED PHOTO




4/


31#

32#

33#

34#

3"#

3/#

3#

3#

9fter #-2 ho(rs

9fter 2-4 o(r)

Trials

Number of Pages

Shon in the figure .51 is the result of the o-servations done hile 3rinting the fourth

setDu3DDDFULL-PAGE COLORED PHOTO. On the average, 9?9 3ages can -e 3rinted after .

hours of using the -attery continuously hile 999 3ages after another . hours5


-attery5

. Pro#)!+% Ho6 )o,/ &, & ;9 V #&''!r$ &, *pp)$ '0! pr(,'!r (, '!r+* o5 0or*@




4

T&#)! . N+#!r o5 Hor* '0! ;9 V B&''!r$ *pp)(!" '0! Pr(,'!r

Tr(&)* N+#!r o5 Hor*

0 5 hours

. 5< hours

9 59 hours

M!&, . 0or*

Shon in the ta-le 9 is the result of the o-servation done hile testing the length of ti!e

a 0. V -attery can su33ly the 3rinter5On the first trial, it can su33ly the 3rinter ithin 5 hours5 On the second trial, it can

su33ly the 3rinter ithin 5< hours5 On the third trial, it can su33ly the 3rinter ithin 59 hours52hus, the 3rinter can -e su33lied -y a 0. V -attery for a-out 59 hours or hours and 0@

!inutes5

F(/r! . N+#!r o5 Hor* '0! ;9 V B&''!r$ *pp)(!" '0! Pr(,'!r




4


4+

4+

4+

"

"+1

"+2

"+3

"+4

"+"

"+/

Trials

Number of Hours

Shon in the figure 9 is the result of the o-servation done hile testing the length of ti!e

a 0. V -attery can su33ly the 3rinter52hus, the 3rinter can -e su33lied -y a 0. V -attery for a-out 59 hours or hours and 0@

!inutes5

HYPOTHESIS% I* '0!r! & *(/,(5(&,' "(55!r!,! #!'6!!, '0! !)!'r( pr(,'!r &,"

#&''!r$ op!r&'!" (, pr(,'(,/ '0! 5o))o6(,/ *!'-p*%

T&#)! .;.; Co+p&r(*o, #!'6!!, B&''!r$-Op!r&'!" Pr(,'!r &," E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r (,

pr(,'(,/ & 5))-p&/! #)&4 "o+!,' (, '!r+* o5 '(+!




4

Tr(&)* BOP A5'!r : 0or* E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r

0 0.5? s 0.5 s

. 0.5@ s 0.5< s

9 0.5? s 0.5< s

M!&, ;9. * ;9. *

Shon in the ta-le 15050 is the result of the o-servation done hile co!3aring ;atteryD

o3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in ter!s of ti!e it ta>es to 3rint setDu3 A5*sing ;atteryDo3erated Printer, it too> 0.5? s, 0.5@ s and 0.5? s in three consecutive trials

hile using the %lectrical Printer, it too> 0.5 s, 0.5< s and 0.5< s in the o-servations !ade5 On

the average, it too> 0.5? s using ;atteryDo3erated Printer hile 0.5< s using the %lectrical

Printer52hus, ;atteryDO3erated Printer ta>es longer ti!e to 3rint setDu3 A than %lectrical Printer5

F(/r! .;.;. Co+p&r(*o, #!'6!!, B&''!r$-Op!r&'!" Pr(,'!r &," E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r

(, pr(,'(,/ & 5))-p&/! #)&4 "o+!,' (, '!r+* o5 '(+!




"#


12+3

12+3"

12+4

12+4"

12+"

12+""

12+/

12+/"

12+

12+"

12+

Battery-;perate) Printer

Electrical Printer

Trials

Number of Seconds

Shon in the figure 15050 is the result of the o-servation done hile co!3aring ;atteryD

o3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in ter!s of ti!e it ta>es to 3rint setDu3 A5On the average, it too> 0.5? s using ;atteryDo3erated Printer hile 0.5< s using the

%lectrical Printer52hus, ;atteryDO3erated Printer ta>es longer ti!e to 3rint setDu3 A than %lectrical Printer5

S(/,(5(&,' D(55!r!,! #!'6!!, B&''!r$-Op!r&'!" Pr(,'!r &," E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r (, pr(,'(,/

& 5))-p&/! #)&4 "o+!,' (, '!r+* o5 '(+!




"1

VARIABLES Co+p'!" '-&)!

Cr('(&) '-&)! o5

:.: )!!) o5

*(/,(5(&,!

RESULT

B&''!r$-Op!r&'!"

Pr(,'!r 159 SIGNIFICANT

E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r

Since the co!3uted tDvalue is hich is greater than tDcritical value +.:, it as on the

rejection region hich as significant at level of significance ith 1 degrees of freedo!5

2his !eans that the null hy3othesis as rejected5 "esult shos that there is a significant

difference -eteen ;atteryDo3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in 3rinting setDu3 A in ter!s of

ti!e5

2hus, ;atteryDo3erated Printer can still -e an alternative to an %lectrical Printer es3ecially

during -ronout -ecause of its feature5

T&#)! .;.9 Co+p&r(*o, #!'6!!, B&''!r$-Op!r&'!" Pr(,'!r &," E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r (,

pr(,'(,/ & 5))-p&/! o)or!" "o+!,' (, '!r+* o5 '(+!

Tr(&)* BOP A5'!r : 0or* E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r




"2

0 0950 s 095 s

. 095 s 0950 s

9 095 s 095 s

M!&, ;.: * ;.: *

Shon in the ta-le 1505. is the result of the o-servation done hile co!3aring ;atteryD

o3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in ter!s of ti!e it ta>es to 3rint setDu3 ;5*sing ;atteryDo3erated Printer, it too> 0950 s, 095 s and 095 s in three consecutive trials

hile using the %lectrical Printer, it too> 095 s, 0950 s and 095 s in the o-servations !ade5 On

the average, it too> 095 s using ;atteryDo3erated Printer hile 095 s using the %lectrical

Printer52hus, ;atteryDO3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer ta>es sa!e length of ti!e to 3rint

setDu3 ;5

F(/r! .;.9. Co+p&r(*o, #!'6!!, B&''!r$-Op!r&'!" Pr(,'!r &," E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r

(, pr(,'(,/ & 5))-p&/! o)or!" "o+!,' (, '!r+* o5 '(+!




"3


12+4

12+/

12+

13

13+#2

13+#4

13+#/

13+#

13+1


Electrical Printer

Trials

Number of Seconds

Shon in the figure 1505. is the result of the o-servation done hile co!3aring ;atteryD

o3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in ter!s of ti!e it ta>es to 3rint setDu3 ;5On the average, it too> 095 s using ;atteryDo3erated Printer hile 095 s using the

%lectrical Printer52hus, ;atteryDO3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer ta>es sa!e length of ti!e to 3rint

setDu3 ;5

S(/,(5(&,' D(55!r!,! #!'6!!, B&''!r$-Op!r&'!" Pr(,'!r &," E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r (,

pr(,'(,/ & 5))-p&/! o)or!" "o+!,' (, '!r+* o5 '(+!


Cr('(&) '-&)! o5

:.: )!!) o5

*(/,(5(&,!

RESULT




"4

B&''!r$-Op!r&'!"

Pr(,'!r 159

NOT

SIGNIFICANT

E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r

Since the co!3uted tDvalue is : hich is less than tDcritical value +.:, it as on the

critical region hich as significant at level of significance ith 1 degrees of freedo!5 2his

!eans that the null hy3othesis as acce3ted5 "esult shos that there is no significant difference

-eteen ;atteryDo3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in 3rinting setDu3 ; in ter!s of ti!e5

2hus, ;atteryDo3erated Printer can -e an alternative to an %lectrical Printer es3ecially


T&#)! .;. Co+p&r(*o, #!'6!!, B&''!r$-Op!r&'!" Pr(,'!r &," E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r (,

pr(,'(,/ & 5))-p&/! #)&4 &," 60('! p0o'o (, '!r+* o5 '(+!

Tr(&)* BOP A5'!r : 0or* E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r

0 05. s 059 s

. 059 s 05. s

9 05. s 050 s

M!&, ;.9 * ;.9 *


o3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in ter!s of ti!e it ta>es to 3rint setDu3 &5

*sing ;atteryDo3erated Printer, it too> 05. s, 059 s and 05. s in three consecutive trials

hile using the %lectrical Printer, it too> 059 s, 05. s and 050 s in the o-servations !ade5 On




""

the average, it too> 05. s using ;atteryDo3erated Printer hile 05. s using the %lectrical

Printer52hus, ;atteryDO3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer ta>e the sa!e length of ti!e to 3rint

setDu3 &5

F(/r! .;. Co+p&r(*o, #!'6!!, B&''!r$-Op!r&'!" Pr(,'!r &," E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r

(, pr(,'(,/ & 5))-p&/! #)&4 &," 60('! p0o'o (, '!r+* o5 '(+!

rial 1 rial 2 rial 31"

1"+#"

1"+1

1"+1"

1"+2

1"+2"

1"+3


Electrical Printer

Trials

Number of Seconds


o3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in ter!s of ti!e it ta>es to 3rint setDu3 &5On the average, it too> 05. s using ;atteryDo3erated Printer hile 05. s using the

%lectrical Printer52hus, ;atteryDO3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer ta>e the sa!e length of ti!e to 3rint

setDu3 &5




"/


pr(,'(,/ & 5))-p&/! #)&4 &," 60('! p0o'o (, '!r+* o5 '(+!


Cr('(&) '-&)! o5

:.: )!!) o5

*(/,(5(&,!

RESULT

B&''!r$-Op!r&'!"

Pr(,'!r5 159

NOT

SIGNIFICANT

E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r

Since the co!3uted tDvalue is :. hich is less than tDcritical value +.:, it as on the

critical region hich as significant at level of significance ith 1 degrees of freedo!5 2his


-eteen ;atteryDo3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in 3rinting setDu3 & in ter!s of ti!e5




pr(,'(,/ & 5))-p&/! o)or!" p0o'o (, '!r+* o5 '(+!

Tr(&)* BOP A5'!r : 0or* E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r

0 0@5< s 0@59 s




"

. 0@5< s 0@5. s

9 0@5 s 0@59 s

M!&, ;. * ;. *


o3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in ter!s of ti!e it ta>es to 3rint setDu3 (5*sing ;atteryDo3erated Printer, it too> 0@5< s, 0@5< s and 0@5 s in three consecutive trials

hile using the %lectrical Printer, it too> 0@59 s, 0@5. s and 0@59 s in the o-servations !ade5 On

the average, it too> 0@5< s using ;atteryDo3erated Printer hile 0@59 s using the %lectrical

Printer52hus, ;atteryDO3erated Printer ta>es longer ti!e to 3rint setDu3 ( than %lectrical Printer5

F(/r! .;.. Co+p&r(*o, #!'6!!, B&''!r$-Op!r&'!" Pr(,'!r &," E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r

(, pr(,'(,/ & 5))-p&/! o)or!" p0o'o (, '!r+* o5 '(+!




"


1

1+1

1+2

1+3

1+4

1+"

1+/


Electrical Printer

Trials

Number of Seconds


o3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in ter!s of ti!e it ta>es to 3rint setDu3 (5On the average, it too> 0@5< s using ;atteryDo3erated Printer hile 0@59 s using the

%lectrical Printer52hus, ;atteryDO3erated Printer ta>es longer ti!e to 3rint setDu3 ( than %lectrical Printer5


pr(,'(,/ & 5))-p&/! o)or!" p0o'o (, '!r+* o5 '(+!


Cr('(&) '-&)! o5

:.: )!!) o5

*(/,(5(&,!

RESULT




"

B&''!r$-Op!r&'!"

Pr(,'!r5. 159 SIGNIFICANT

E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r

Since the co!3uted tDvalue is .9 hich is greater than tDcritical value +.:, it as on

the rejection region hich as significant at level of significance ith 1 degrees of freedo!5

2his !eans that the null hy3othesis as rejected5 "esult shos that there is a significant

difference -eteen ;atteryDo3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in 3rinting setDu3 ( in ter!s of

ti!e5

2hus, ;atteryDo3erated Printer can still -e an alternative to an %lectrical Printer es3ecially



pr(,'(,/ (, '!r+* o5 '(+!

Tr(&)* BOP A5'!r : 0or* E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r

FullD3age ;lac> docu!ent 0.5? s 0.5< s




/#

FullD3age &olored docu!ent 095 s 095 s

FullD3age ;lac> and Chite

3hoto

05. s 05. s

FullD3age &olored Photo 0@5< s 0@59 s

Shon in the ta-le 1505 is the su!!ary of the results of the o-servation done hile

co!3aring ;atteryDo3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in ter!s of ti!e it ta>es to 3rint5

*sing the ;atteryDo3erated Printer, it too> 0.5? s, 095 s, 05. s and 0@5< s to 3rint the

folloing setDu3s res3ectively5 On the other hand, %lectrical Printer too> 0.5< s, 095 s, 05. s

and 0@59 s to 3rint the sa!e setDu3s52hus, in setDu3 A and (, ;atteryDO3erated Printer ta>es longer ti!e to 3rint hile in setD

u3 ; and &, it ta>e the sa!e length of ti!e5

F(/r! .;.. Co+p&r(*o, #!'6!!, B&''!r$-Op!r&'!" Pr(,'!r &," E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r (,

pr(,'(,/ (, '!r+* o5 '(+!




/1

%(ll-page Blac' )oc(!ent

#

2

4

/

1#

12

14

1/

1

2#


Electrical PrinterNumber of Seconds

Shon in the figure 1505 is the su!!ary of the results of the o-servation done hile

co!3aring ;atteryDo3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in ter!s of ti!e it ta>es to 3rint5

*sing the ;atteryDo3erated Printer, it too> 0.5? s, 095 s, 05. s and 0@5< s to 3rint the

folloing setDu3s res3ectively5 On the other hand, %lectrical Printer too> 0.5< s, 095 s, 05. s

and 0@59 s to 3rint the sa!e setDu3s5

VARIABLES Co+p'!" '-&)! Cr('(&) '-&)! o5

:.: )!!) o5

RESULT




/2

*(/,(5(&,!

B&''!r$-Op!r&'!"

Pr(,'!r0510 950@

NOT

SIGNIFICANT

E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r

S(/,(5(&,' D(55!r!,! #!'6!!, B&''!r$-Op!r&'!" Pr(,'!r &," E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r (, pr(,'(,/

(, '!r+* o5 '(+!

Since the co!3uted tDvalue is ;.; hich is less than tDcritical value +.;, it as on the

critical region5 2his !eans that the null hy3othesis as acce3ted5 "esult shos that there is no

significant difference -eteen ;atteryDo3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in ter!s of ti!e5

2hus, the ;atteryDo3erated 3rinter can -e used as an alternative 3rinter es3ecially during

-ronouts hen it co!es to the ti!e it ta>es to 3rint a docu!ent or a 3hoto5

T&#)! .9.; Co+p&r(*o, #!'6!!, B&''!r$-Op!r&'!" Pr(,'!r &," E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r (,

pr(,'(,/ & 5))-p&/! #)&4 "o+!,' (, '!r+* o5 &)('$

Tr(&)* BOP A5'!r : 0or* E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r

0 1

.




/3

9

1 1

M!&, . 8EXCELLENT< 8EXCELLENT<

Shon in the ta-le 15.50 is the result of the o-servation done hile co!3aring ;atteryD

o3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in ter!s of the #uality of the 3rinted setDu35

*sing ;atteryDo3erated Printer, res3ondents rated it 15< hich corres3onds to

%W&%LL%'2 G*ALI2) hile using the %lectrical Printer, res3ondents rated it hich also

corres3onds to %W&%LL%'2 G*ALI2)52hus, hen it co!es to #uality, -oth setDu3 have the sa!e #uality5

F(/r! .9.; Co+p&r(*o, #!'6!!, B&''!r$-Op!r&'!" Pr(,'!r &," E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r (,

pr(,'(,/ & 5))-p&/! #)&4 "o+!,' (, '!r+* o5 '(+!




/4

Aespon)ent 1

Aepon)ent 2

Aespon)ent 3

Aespon)ent 4

Aespon)ent "

# 1 2 3 4 " /


Electrical Printer

Rate

Shon in the figure 15.50 is the result of the o-servation done hile co!3aring ;atteryD

o3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in ter!s of the #uality of the 3rinted setDu35*sing ;atteryDo3erated Printer, res3ondents rated it 15< hich corres3onds to




pr(,'(,/ & 5))-p&/! #)&4 "o+!,' (, '!r+* o5 &)('$


Cr('(&) '-&)! o5

:.: )!!) o5

*(/,(5(&,!

RESULT




/"

B&''!r$-Op!r&'!"

Pr(,'!rD05<9 .5?@

NOT

SIGNIFICANT

E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r

Since the co!3uted tDvalue is -;. hich is less than tDcritical value +9., it as on the

critical region hich as significant at level of significance ith @ degrees of freedo!5 2his


-eteen ;atteryDo3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in 3rinting setDu3 A in ter!s of #uality5



T&#)! .9.9 Co+p&r(*o, #!'6!!, B&''!r$-Op!r&'!" Pr(,'!r &," E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r (,

pr(,'(,/ & 5))-p&/! o)or!" "o+!,' (, '!r+* o5 &)('$

Tr(&)* BOP A5'!r : 0or* E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r

0

.

9 1

1 1




//


Shon in the ta-le 15.5. is the result of the o-servation done hile co!3aring ;atteryD

o3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in ter!s of the #uality of the 3rinted setDu35

*sing ;atteryDo3erated Printer, res3ondents rated it 15< hich corres3onds to


corres3onds to %W&%LL%'2 G*ALI2)5

2hus, hen it co!es to #uality, -oth setDu3 have the sa!e #uality5

F(/r! .9.9. Co+p&r(*o, #!'6!!, B&''!r$-Op!r&'!" Pr(,'!r &," E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r (,

pr(,'(,/ & 5))-p&/! o)or!" "o+!,' (, '!r+* o5 &)('$




/

Aespon)ent 1

Aepon)ent 2

Aespon)ent 3

Aespon)ent 4

Aespon)ent "

# 1 2 3 4 " /


Electrical Printer

Rate

Shon in the figure 15.5. is the result of the o-servation done hile co!3aring ;atteryD

o3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in ter!s of the #uality of the 3rinted setDu35*sing ;atteryDo3erated Printer, res3ondents rated it 15< hich corres3onds to




pr(,'(,/ & 5))-p&/! o)or!" "o+!,' (, '!r+* o5 &)('$


Cr('(&) '-&)! o5

:.: )!!) o5

*(/,(5(&,!

RESULT




/

B&''!r$-Op!r&'!"

Pr(,'!rD05<9 .5?@

NOT

SIGNIFICANT

E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r

Since the co!3uted tDvalue is -;. hich is less than tDcritical value +9., it as on the



-eteen ;atteryDo3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in 3rinting setDu3 ; in ter!s of #uality5



T&#)! .9. Co+p&r(*o, #!'6!!, B&''!r$-Op!r&'!" Pr(,'!r &," E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r (,

pr(,'(,/ & 5))-p&/! #)&4 &," 60('! p0o'o (, '!r+* o5 &)('$

Tr(&)* BOP A5'!r : 0or* E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r

0




/

. 1

9

1



o3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in ter!s of the #uality of the 3rinted setDu35*sing ;atteryDo3erated Printer, res3ondents rated it 15@ hich corres3onds to



F(/r! .9. Co+p&r(*o, #!'6!!, B&''!r$-Op!r&'!" Pr(,'!r &," E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r

(, pr(,'(,/ & 5))-p&/! #)&4 &," 60('! (, '!r+* o5 &)('$




#

Aespon)ent 1

Aepon)ent 2

Aespon)ent 3

Aespon)ent 4

Aespon)ent "

# 1 2 3 4 " /


Electrical Printer

Rate






Cr('(&) '-&)! o5

:.: )!!) o5

*(/,(5(&,!

RESULT

B&''!r$-Op!r&'!"

Pr(,'!rD0 .5?@

NOT

SIGNIFICANT




1

E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r


pr(,'(,/ & 5))-p&/! #)&4 &," 60('! p0o'o (, '!r+* o5 &)('$

Since the co!3uted tDvalue is -; hich is less than tDcritical value +9., it as on the


!eans that the null hy3othesis as acce3ted5 "esult shos that there is a significant difference

-eteen ;atteryDo3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in 3rinting setDu3 & in ter!s of #uality5




pr(,'(,/ & 5))-p&/! o)or!" p0o'o (, '!r+* o5 &)('$

Tr(&)* BOP A5'!r : 0or* E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r




2

0

. 1

9

1






F(/r! .9. Co+p&r(*o, #!'6!!, B&''!r$-Op!r&'!" Pr(,'!r &," E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r

(, pr(,'(,/ & 5))-p&/! o)or!" p0o'o (, '!r+* o5 &)('$




3

Aespon)ent 1

Aepon)ent 2

Aespon)ent 3

Aespon)ent 4

Aespon)ent "

# 1 2 3 4 " /


Electrical Printer

Rate






pr(,'(,/ & 5))-p&/! o)or!" p0o'o (, '!r+* o5 &)('$


Cr('(&) '-&)! o5

:.: )!!) o5

*(/,(5(&,!

RESULT




4

B&''!r$-Op!r&'!"

Pr(,'!rD0 .5?@

NOT

SIGNIFICANT

E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r

Since the co!3uted tDvalue is -; hich is less than tDcritical value +9., it as on the


!eans that the null hy3othesis as acce3ted5 "esult shos that there is a significant difference

-eteen ;atteryDo3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in 3rinting setDu3 & in ter!s of #uality5

2hus, hen it co!es to #uality, -oth setDu3 have the sa!e #uality5


pr(,'(,/ (, '!r+* o5 &)('$




"

Tr(&)* BOP A5'!r : 0or* E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r

FullD3age ;lac> docu!ent 15<

FullD3age &olored docu!ent 15<

FullD3age ;lac> and Chite

3hoto

15@

FullD3age &olored Photo 15@

Shon in the ta-le 15.5 is the su!!ary of the results of the o-servation done hile

co!3aring ;atteryDo3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in ter!s of the #uality of the 3rinted

setDu35*sing the ;atteryDo3erated Printer, res3ondents rated 15<, 15<, 15@ and 15@ the folloing

3rinted setDu35 On the other hand, res3ondents rated all the 3rinted setDu3s52hus, in the four setDu3, -oth 3rinters have the sa!e #uality5

F(/r! .9.. Co+p&r(*o, #!'6!!, B&''!r$-Op!r&'!" Pr(,'!r &," E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r (,

pr(,'(,/ (, '!r+* &)('$




/

%(ll-page Blac' )oc(!ent

%(ll-page .olore) oc(!ent

%(ll-page Blac' an) White Photo

%(ll-page .olore) Photo

4+3 4+4 4+" 4+/ 4+ 4+ 4+ " "+1

Battery-;perate) Printer Electrical Printer

Rate

Shon in the figure 15.5 is the su!!ary of the results of the o-servation done hile

co!3aring ;atteryDo3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in ter!s of the #uality of the 3rinted

setDu35*sing the ;atteryDo3erated Printer, res3ondents rated 15<, 15<, 15@ and 15@ the folloing

3rinted setDu35 On the other hand, res3ondents rated all the 3rinted setDu3s52hus, in the four setDu3, -oth 3rinters have the sa!e #uality5


pr(,'(,/ & 5))-p&/! #)&4 "o+!,' (, '!r+* o5 &)('$


Cr('(&) '-&)! o5

:.: )!!) o5

*(/,(5(&,!

RESULT




B&''!r$-Op!r&'!"

Pr(,'!r5. 950@

NOT

SIGNICFICANT

E)!'r(&) Pr(,'!r

Since the co!3uted tDvalue is .9 hich is greater than tDcritical value +.;, it as on

the rejection region5 2his !eans that the null hy3othesis as acce3ted5 "esult shos that there is

a significant difference -eteen ;atteryDo3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer in ter!s of

#uality5



SUMMARY OF FINDINGS;atteryDO3erated Printer as co!3ared to %lectrical Printer5 2i!e, Guality and nu!-er

of 3ages ere recorded in each setDu35 ;ased on the o-servation using ;atteryDo3erated and

%lectrical Printer, the folloing ere dran:05

a5 It too> 0.5? s to 3rint a fullD3age 3lain -lac> docu!ent, 05? s after . hours

and 0@50 s after 1 hours of using the -attery5 -5 It too> 095 s to 3rint a fullD3age colored docu!ent, 0<5. s after . hours and

0@5< after 1 hours of using the -attery5




c5 It too> 05. s to 3rint a fullD3age -lac> and hite 3hoto, 0?5. s after . hours

and 0=5 s after 1 hours of using the -attery5d5 It too> 0@5< s to 3rint a fullD3age colored 3hoto, .5s after . hours and .95. s

after 1 hours of using the -attery5.5a5 ;atteryDO3erated 3rinter can 3rint ? 3ages of fullD3age -lac> docu!ent

after D. hours of using the -attery hile 1. 3ages after .D1 hours5 -5 ;atteryDO3erated 3rinter can 3rint 1=0 3ages of fullD3age colored docu!ent

after D. hours of using the -attery hile 10. 3ages after .D1 hours5c5 ;atteryDO3erated 3rinter can 3rint 119 3ages of fullD3age -lac> and hite

3hoto after D. hours of using the -attery hile 9=0 3ages after .D1 hours5

d5 ;atteryDO3erated 3rinter can 3rint 9?9 3ages of fullD3age colored 3hoto after

D. hours of using the -attery hile 999 3ages after .D1 hours595 0.DV ;attery can su33ly the 3rinter for a-out 59 hours or hours and 0@ !inutes5

6)PO26%SIS:

2I%

a5 2here is a significant difference -eteen ;atteryDo3erated Printer and

%lectrical Printer in 3rinting setDu3 A in ter!s of ti!e5 2hus, ;atteryD

O3erated Printer ta>es longer ti!e to 3rint setDu3 A than %lectrical Printer5 -5 2here is no significant difference -eteen ;atteryDo3erated Printer and

%lectrical Printer in 3rinting setDu3 ; in ter!s of ti!e5 2hus, ;atteryD

O3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer ta>e the sa!e length of ti!e to

3rint setDu3 ;5c5 2here is no significant difference -eteen ;atteryDo3erated Printer and

%lectrical Printer in 3rinting setDu3 & in ter!s of ti!e5 2hus, ;atteryD




O3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer ta>e the sa!e length of ti!e to

3rint setDu3 &5d5 2here is a significant difference -eteen ;atteryDo3erated Printer and

%lectrical Printer in 3rinting setDu3 ( in ter!s of ti!e5 2hus, ;atteryD

O3erated Printer ta>es longer ti!e to 3rint setDu3 ( than %lectrical Printer5e5 2here is no significant difference -eteen ;atteryDo3erated Printer and

%lectrical Printer in ter!s of ti!e it ta>es to 3rint a setDu35 2hus, ;atteryD

O3erated Printer can -e an alternative to an %lectrical Printer es3ecially


G*ALI2)

a5 2here is no significant difference -eteen ;atteryDo3erated Printer and

%lectrical Printer in ter!s of the #uality of the 3rinted setDu3 A5 2hus,

hen it co!es to #uality, -oth setDu3 have the sa!e #uality5

-5 2here is no significant difference -eteen ;atteryDo3erated Printer and

%lectrical Printer in ter!s of the #uality of the 3rinted setDu3 ;5 2hus,

hen it co!es to #uality, -oth setDu3 have the sa!e #uality5c5 2here is no significant difference -eteen ;atteryDo3erated Printer and

%lectrical Printer in ter!s of the #uality of the 3rinted setDu3 &5 2hus,

hen it co!es to #uality, -oth setDu3 have the sa!e #uality5d5 2here is no significant difference -eteen ;atteryDo3erated Printer and

%lectrical Printer in ter!s of the #uality of the 3rinted setDu3 (5 2hus,

hen it co!es to #uality, -oth setDu3 have the sa!e #uality5




#

e5 2here is a significant difference -eteen ;atteryDO3erated Printer and

%lectrical Printer in ter!s of #uality of the 3rinted setDu3s5 2hus, ;atteryD

O3erated Printer can -e an alternative to an %lectrical Printer es3ecially


VII. CONCLUSIONS

O-servations and testing shoed that the ;atteryDO3erated Printer can -e an alternative

to an %lectrical Printer5 2he e43eri!ental design shoed that the ;atteryDO3erated Printer can

hel3 those students and 3rofessionals ho got 3ro-le!s concerning 3rinting es3ecially during

-ronout5 2hus, ;atteryDO3erated Printer ith the use of -attery and inverter is co!3ara-le to

%lectrical Printer hich cannot -e used during -ronout5

;atteryDO3erated Printer using -attery and 3oer inverter is an effective ay to !a>e a

3rinter functions even out of 3oer5 In co!3aring ;atteryDO3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer

in ter!s of ti!e, 2D2est shos that there is no significant difference in 3rinting the setDu3s5

A33arently, hen it co!es to #uality, there is a significant difference -eteen the ;atteryD

O3erated Printer and %lectrical Printer -ut still, since they -oth rated %W&%LL%'2 in #uality in

four setDu3s, it can still -e considered as an alternative 3rinter es3ecially during -ronout5




1

VIII. RECOMMENDATIONS

2he researcher ould li>e to reco!!end this ;atteryDO3erated Printer as a

su-stitute 3rinter hich can -e used even -ronouts5 2he feasi-ility of 3roducing a -atteryD

o3erated 3rinter as su-stitute ould hel3 to reduce the hindrances -eing encountered during

-ronouts in 3rinting5In using the 3roduct, you can use the higher voltage of -attery for longer ti!e of

su33lying the 3rinter5 For the inverter, you can use the higher voltage of it -ut !a>e sure that the

attage of the inverter ill not -e too high for the attage of the 3rinter5 ;e careful in

connecting the -attery into the inverter to eli!inate the 3ossi-ility of fault in the inverter that ill

lead to the !alfunctioning of the inverter5Further line of this study is re#uired for this syste! to hel3 u3grade it5

IX. BIBLIOGRAPHY

;atteries as Source of %nergy5 "etrieved fro!: htt3://.5eng5ca!5ac5u>/Xd!h/3tialcd/-attery/

;rain, 5 +.05 6o Lithiu!Dion ;attery Cor>s "etrieved fro!:htt3://electronics5hostuffor>s5co!/everydayDtech/lithiu!DionD-attery5ht!


http://www2.eng.cam.ac.uk/~dmh/ptialcd/battery/

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/everyday-tech/lithium-ion-battery.htm

http://www2.eng.cam.ac.uk/~dmh/ptialcd/battery/

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/everyday-tech/lithium-ion-battery.htm



2

;rain, 5, ;ryant, &5, Pu!3hrey &5 +.0.5 6o ;atteries Cor> "etrieved fro!:htt3://electronics5hostuffor>s5co!/everydayDtech/-attery5ht!

;rodd, "5, 6elou, &5 +.095 Journal of Poer Sources "etrieved fro!:

htt3://5econo!ist5co!/-logs/schu!3eter/.09/</lithiu!DionD-atteries

&lar>, P5 +.0.5 Poer $roth: ;atteries re#uired "etrieved fro!:htt3://5ft5co!/c!s/s//9f@a<<D.=ccD00e.DacaD011fea-dc5ht!lYa4.gF)vgnrv

%43loro 2ea!, +.05 Inverters "etrieved fro!:htt3://5e43loro5co!/Vehicle/%lectrics/Inverters5as34

$ra-ianos>i, %5 +.05 6o Inverters Cor> "etrieved fro!:htt3://electronics5hostuffor>s5co!/gadgets/auto!otive/dcDacD3oerDinverter5ht!

ahusay J5 +.095 PoerD(eficitE Oriental indoro undergoes rotational -ronouts"etrieved fro!: htt3://islandsentinel5co!/.00//../%.@=@3oerDdeficit%.@==DorientalD!indoroDundergoesD%.@=@rotationalD-ronouts%.@==/

IX. ACNO2LEDGEMENTS

2he researcher ish to e43ress her gratitude to the folloing:rs5 $lecy 5 Al#uia for her assistance in the analysis and inter3retation of the

results of this e43eri!ent and for her valua-le suggestions and encourage!entE2o r5 Virgilio Inciong for the assistance in !a>ing a solution to the 3ro-le!E2he researcherBs class!ates and friends for their constructive criticis!s,

co!!ents and suggestions to further i!3rove this or>E2he researcherBs !other, rs5 2eresita I5 ala3itan and -rother, %rin ala3itan

for encourage!ent, financial and !oral su33ortE



http://www.economist.com/blogs/schumpeter/2013/06/lithium-ion-batteries

http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/53f85a66-29cc-11e2-a5ca-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2gFYvgnrv

http://www.exploroz.com/Vehicle/Electrics/Inverters.aspx

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/gadgets/automotive/dc-ac-power-inverter.htm

http://islandsentinel.com/2011/05/22/%E2%80%98power-deficit%E2%80%99-oriental-mindoro-undergoes-%E2%80%98rotational-brownouts%E2%80%99/



http://www.economist.com/blogs/schumpeter/2013/06/lithium-ion-batteries

http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/53f85a66-29cc-11e2-a5ca-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2gFYvgnrv

http://www.exploroz.com/Vehicle/Electrics/Inverters.aspx

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/gadgets/automotive/dc-ac-power-inverter.htm





3

2hose ho serve as res3ondents that contri-uted a -ig hel3 to the success of the

study andE2hose in one ay or another hel3ed in the conduct of this e43eri!ent -ut the

researcher failed to re!e!-er5




4

Pro!' D&'& Boo4

O#!'(!* D&'! S'&r'!" D&'! E,"!"

05 Select/finalie your research 3roject August 0=, .09 August 9, .09

.5 For!ulate your 3ro-le! and hy3otheses Se3te!-er ., .09 Se3te!-er 09, .09

95 Crite your -ac>ground, significance, sco3e and

li!itation of your studySe3te!-er 0<, .09 Se3te!-er 9, .09

15 $ather your ""L and 3re3are your !ethodology Octo-er 0, .09 Octo-er 0@, .09

5 Pre3are your 3roduct and conduct your

e43eri!entOcto-er .0, .09 'ove!-er .., .09

<5 a>e your statistical analysis 'ove!-er ., .09 (ece!-er <, .09

?5 Su-!ission of your drafts (ece!-er =, .09 (ece!-er ., .09

@5 Finaliation of the !anuscri3t (ece!-er .9, .09 (ece!-er .?, .09

=5 S5I5P su-!itted

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Battery Operated Printer Final Copy.docx