Beginning of the Cold WarReview Book: Unit 6, Section 2

Situation after World War II◦ Allies:

U.S. Great Britain France Soviet Union China

◦ Axis: Germany Italy Japan

United Nations◦ General Assembly: all members◦ Security Council: 15 members

10 rotate 5 permanent: U.S., Britain, France, U.S.S.R. (Russia),

China◦ Universal Declaration of Human Rights

1946 Eleanor Roosevelt

Containment◦ goal to stop the spread of communism and

“contain” it

◦ distrust of Soviet Union & communism

◦ “Iron Curtain” Speech Winston Churchill – warned of the threat of

communist expansion

◦ Truman Doctrine, 1947 aid to Greece & Turkey to resist communism

◦ Marshall Plan, 1947 aid to nations to stop the spread of communism

Division of Germany◦ 4 zones of

occupation: Britain, France, U.S., Soviet Union

◦ Berlin Blockade Soviets blocked

access to West Berlin

◦ Berlin Airlift Western powers sent

supplies by planes Soviets ended

blockade

Containment (continued)◦ Point Four Program,1950

aid for technical development in Latin America, Asia, & Africa

◦ North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) collective security agreement stop communism

◦ Warsaw Pact Soviet Union & 7 Eastern European nations

◦ European Economic Community (EEC) Common Market, 1957 ended trade barriers led to European Union (today)

Containment in Asia

◦ Chinese Communist Revolution, 1949 Civil War 1930s – Mao Zedong vs. Chiang Kai-shek 1949 People’s Republic of China – communist Taiwan independent

◦ The Korean War 1945 Korea divided at 38th parallel

North – Communist South – anti Communist

1950 North Korea invaded South Korea President Truman sent

General MacArthur to stop invasion – conflicts between the 2 men

War ended July 1953 – Korea remained divided

The Cold War at Home◦ House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

◦ The Smith Act, 1940 – illegal to promote idea of overthrowing government

◦ Loyalty Review Board, 1947 – security checks on federal employees

◦ Alger Hiss case Hiss – former advisor to FDR charged with ties to communism

The Cold War at Home (continued)◦ McCarthyism

Senator Joseph McCarthy Made charges against those

accused of connections to communism

The Rosenberg Case, 1950 Ethel & Julius Rosenberg Convicted of spying for

Soviet Union Executed in 1953

◦ McCarthyism (continued)

McCarran Internal Security Act, 1952 limited actions of those seen as threat

McCarran-Walter Act, 1952 restricted immigration from nations under communist

influence

◦ McCarthy’s fall televised accusations targeted military lost support