Beginning of The Cold War

Through The Korean War

United States Policy

• Containment• February 1946

proposed by George Kennan, American diplomat to Russia

• Keep Communism from spreading to other countries

Soviet Policy

• Satellite nations• Albania• Bulgaria• Czechoslovakia• Hungary• Romania• Poland• East Germany

Iron Curtain

• The term Iron Curtain had historically been used before this time period

• Sir Winston Churchill popularized it in a speech given at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri on March 15, 1946

Iron Curtain Speech Excerpt

•    From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia; all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow.

Cold War Overseas

• Truman Doctrine• Marshall Plan• Berlin Airlift• North Atlantic Treaty

Organization (NATO)

• Communist China• Nationalist China• Korean War

Truman Doctrine

•

• March 12, 1947 President Truman asked for $400M in military and Economic Aid for Greece and Turkey

Address to Congress

• I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way. I believe that our help should be primarily through economic stability and orderly political process." -- President Harry S. Truman, March 12, 1947 in an Address Recommending aid to Greece and Turkey.

Cold War in Europe

• Marshall Plan• Proposed by Secretary

of State George Marshall

• June 1947• U.S. provided aid for all

European nations who need it

Divided Berlin

Berlin Airlift

• June 1948 Soviets closed all land routes into Berlin

• June 26, 1948 airlift of material needed to maintain a reasonable lifestyle began

Soviets Quit

• Midnight May 12, 1949, Soviets reopened land and water routes into Berlin.

• Airlift continued until September 30 to build a backlog of supplies.

NATO

• Terms of North Atlantic Pact - Attack on one, attack on all Saturday March 9, 1949

NATO

• President Truman signs and puts into effect the North Atlantic Treaty

• August 24, 1949

NATO

• Memorandum, dated July 22, 1949, by Secretary of State Dean Acheson to President Harry S. Truman  about the signing of the treaty

Communist Takeover

• Members of People’s Liberation Army entering Beijing

• June 1949

Communist China

• Mao declared the People’s Republic of China (PRC)

• October 1, 1949

Nationalist China

• Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek

• Moved to island of Taiwan

Taiwan

• Nationalist China was recognized as China in the United Nations and the Security Council

Communist China

Korea

• Korea ruled by Japan 1910 – 1945

• According to WWII agreements Soviets entered Korea from north and U.S. entered from the south

Korea

• Korea ruled by Japan 1910 – 1945

• According to WWII agreements Soviets entered Korea from north and U.S. entered from the south

• August 10, 1945 United States and Soviets agreed to divide Korea at 38th parallel

Korea

• Northern Japanese forces would surrender to the Soviet Union

• Southern Japanese forces would surrender to the United States

• Not to be a permanent solution or settlement – according to United States

Korea

• United Nations elections were to be held to unify the country

• They did not occur

• Syngman Rhee elected President in South Korea

• North Korean General Secretary Kim ll-sung elected in North Korea

Korea

• United States withdrew forces from the Pacific area after the war

• Seen by North Korea as a sign of disinterest in South Korea

Invasion Begins

• June 25, 1950 North Korea attacks South Korea using Soviet weapons and tanks.

• United Nation Security Council met

• Soviet Union boycotting over Nationalist China

United Nations Action

• The United Nations Security Council asked UN members to send troops to the region under a UN flag

• Most of the troops sent were American (15 nations sent troops) and command of them was given to Gen. Douglas MacArthur.

Interactive Maps

• This is the time to view this sight• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/

macarthur/maps/koreatxt.html

MacArthur Is Fired

• MacArthur believed we could win a war against China

• Truman disagreed and ordered it dropped

• MacArthur went over his head to news media and Congress

• He was relieved of command April 1, 1951

New General

• Ridgway took over• Korea ended in a

stalemate -

MacArthur Before Congress

• “Old Soldiers never die, they just fade away”

Lessons From Korea

• What is the news from North and South Korea as you view this presentation?

• What have we learned as a country?

• What have we learned as a world?

Web Sites

• http://www.trumanlibrary.org/teacher/doctrine.htm

• http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/korea.htm

• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/macarthur/maps/koreatxt.html

• http://www.historycentral.com/korea/macarthur_fired.html