Bengali Grammar Summary - jaspell.ukjaspell.uk/bengalicourse2007/grammar_summary_20140321.pdfMar 21, 2014 · Title: Bengali Grammar Summary Author: Burford Subject: Bengali Grammar

copy 1994 - 2014 B J Burford amp E J Burford 21 March 2014

Bengali Grammar Summary and Review

Declension of Nouns Pronouns and Verbs

Numbers and Time

Study Questions and Answers


copy 1994 - 2014 B J Burford amp E J Burford 2 21 March 2014



Numbers and Time


copy 1994 - 2014 B J Burford and E J Burford

Jaspell 2 Pilcox Hall Lane Tendring Clacton-on-Sea Essex CO16 0DL

(44) (0) 1255 830825

(44) (0) 7949 250403

burfordjaspellcouk

wwwjaspellcouk



CONTENTS

Page Subject

4 Introduction

4 Styles

4 Scripts

4 Pronunciation Hints

5 The Bengali Alphabet

5 Sound Chart

6 Pronunciation of Vowels

7 Pronunciation of Consonants

9 Writing of Syllables

9 Leading Vowel Forms

10 Trailing Vowel Forms

12 Hints on Special Pronunciation

13 Declension of Singular Pronouns

14 Declension of Plural Pronouns

15 Notes on Declension of Pronouns and Nouns

17 Verbs like ldquokaraardquo ldquoকরাrdquo [Grammar 533]

19 Verbs like ldquokhaaoyaardquo ldquoকরাrdquo [Grammar 534]


24 Verb families declined for ldquotuirdquo ldquoতইrdquo and ldquotoraardquo ldquoততারাrdquo

25 Cardinal Numbers Zero One Two Three hellip

26 Fractions

27 Ordinal Numbers First Second Third [Grammar 573]

28 Approximation [Grammar 574]

29 Months and Seasons

30 Dates

31 Times and Seasons

33-

63

Study Review Questions and Answers



INTRODUCTION

Bengali Styles The common or ldquoChalitordquo style of Bengali is given first

( ) Where the Bengali word in literary or classical (ldquoSadhu Bhaasaardquo)

style is different from the chalito form this is given after it in round

brackets

Two Bengali Scripts - Bengali Script and Romanized

Bengali meanings are given both in Bengali script and in a Romanized

form

Romanized Form This helps beginners to use the language until they have mastered the

script The romanized form differs from systems used by other writers

but has the advantage of providing a consistent system of phonetic

conversion from Bengali script that represents each Bengali character

element precisely and uniquely Its appearance reflects the

pronunciation closelymdashafter accepting a few simple transcription

rules

Pronunciation Hints [ ] Hints are sometimes given in square brackets where words have ceased

being pronounced truly phoneticallymdashmainly in cases where two

consonants are joined into ldquoconjunctsrdquo and the initial consonant is

emphasized while the trailing consonant is effectively lost See

sections below on ldquoBengali Alphabetrdquo and ldquoHints on Special

Pronunciationrdquo



THE BENGALI ALPHABET

CLASSIFICATION OF BENGALI SOUNDS

C O N S O N A N T S V O W E L S

Family Hard Soft Soft Soft Hard

Held

Huffed

Held

Huffed

Nasals Semi-

vowels

Spirants Short Long Diphthongs

Guttural ka | kha ga | gha nsup1a ha hha a aa e | ei ee oy

ক খ গ ঘ ঙ হ ঃ অ আ এ ঐ Palatal ca | cha ja | jha nsup2a ya sha i ii

চ ছ জ ঝ ঞ য় শ ই ঈ Cerebral ta | tha da | dha na Ra sa rri

ট ঠ ড ঢ ণ র ষ ঋ ra | rha ya

ড ঢ য Dental ta | tha da | dha na La sa

ত থ দধ ন ল স Labial pa | pha ba | bha ma ba hha u uu o | oo au

প ফ ব ভ ম ব ঃ উ ঊ ও ঔ Others ndeg n^

ঃ ঃ



PRONUNCIATION OF VOWELS

VOWELS

INDEPENDENT OR INITIAL VOWELS SHAPE BEHIND A

CONSONANT (SUCH

AS ldquoপrdquo ldquopardquo)

Character Roman Sounds

like hellip

hellip as in

the

English

word

(no

vowel)

(no

sound) প p (ldquop rdquo)

অ a

short ldquoardquo

short ldquoordquo

(inherent

a)

ldquowanderrdquo

ldquooffrdquo

প pa

আ aa long ldquoardquo ldquofarrdquo পা paa

অযা a flat ldquoardquo ldquoapplerdquo পযা pa pyaa

ই i short ldquoirdquo ldquofillrdquo পপ pi

ঈ ii long ldquoirdquo ldquofeelrdquo পী pii

উ u short ldquourdquo ldquopullrdquo প pu

ঊ uu long ldquooordquo ldquopoolrdquo প puu

ঋ rri short ldquorirdquo ldquotriplerdquo প prri

এ e short ldquoerdquo ldquoeggrdquo পপ pe

ঐ ee long ldquooirdquo ldquoboilrdquo পপ pee (ldquopoirdquo)

ও o short ldquoordquo ldquoonrdquo পপা po

ঔ oo long ldquoordquo ldquoownerrdquo

ldquonowrdquo পপৌ poo

(ldquopaupowrdquo)

ঃ nordm nasal ldquongrdquo ldquosingerrdquo প pandeg

(ldquopangrdquo)

ঃ hh abrupt ldquohrdquo ldquoJudahrdquo প pahh

ঃ ^ nasal

faintly as

in French

ldquononrdquo

প pâ (ldquopanrdquo)



PRONUNCIATION OF CONSONANTS

CONSONANTS

Group Char-

acter Roman

Form

Sounds

like hellip

hellip as in the

English word

Guttural ক k ldquokrdquo in ldquokeenrdquo

- in the

throat খ kh ldquokhrdquo in ldquorockheadrdquo

গ g ldquogrdquo in ldquogetrdquo

ঘ gh ldquoghrdquo in ldquoslagheaprdquo

ঙ nsup1 ldquonrdquo in ldquodonkeyrdquo

Palatal চ c ldquochrdquo in ldquochairrdquo

- on the

palate ছ ch chhrdquo in

ldquomatchheadrdquo

জ j ldquojrdquo in ldquoenjoyrdquo

ঝ jh ldquodgehrdquo in ldquohedgehogrdquo

ঞ nsup2 ldquonrdquo in ldquopinchrdquo

Cerebral ট t ldquotrdquo in ldquoalterrdquo

- on the

roof ঠ th ldquothrdquo in

ldquomalthouserdquo

of the

mouth ড d ldquodrdquo in ldquoDadrdquo

ড r ldquorrrdquo in ldquobarredrdquo

ঢ dh ldquodhrdquo in

ldquogoldhammerrdquo

ঢ rh ldquorrhrdquo in ldquomyrrh

lumprdquo

ণ n ldquonrdquo in ldquoinlaidrdquo

Dental ত (ৎ) t ldquotrdquo in ldquoantrdquo

- on the

teeth থ th ldquothrdquo in ldquowarthogrdquo

দ d ldquodrdquo in ldquobedsrdquo

ধ dh ldquodhrdquo in ldquoredheadsrdquo

ন n ldquonrdquo in ldquobendingrdquo

Labial প p ldquoprdquo in ldquopeacerdquo

- on the

lips ফ ph ldquophrdquo in ldquoupholdrdquo

ব bvw ldquobrdquo in

ldquobobrdquo(ldquoswim

twinrdquo)

ভ bh ldquobhrdquo in ldquonibholderrdquo

ম m ldquomrdquo in ldquomeetrdquo

য y ldquojrdquo in ldquojogrdquo

Forward য় y ldquoyrdquo in ldquoyesrdquo

semi-

vowels র r ldquorrdquo in ldquorightrdquo

ল l ldquolrdquo in ldquoloverdquo



Sibillants শ sh ldquoshrdquo in ldquoshiprdquo

ষ s ldquoshrdquo in ldquowashtubrdquo

স s ldquoshrdquo in ldquoensurerdquo

Guttural

semi-

vowel

হ h ldquohrdquo in ldquoheartrdquo



WRITING OF SYLLABLES

Vowel Leading Form Independent or as Initial Followed by a Non-Vowel

LEADING VOWEL FORMS

+ndeg +hha +^ +p` +pa

etc

+rpa

etc

a+ অ অ অ অপ অপ অপপ

aa+ আ আ আ আপ আপ আপপ

a+ অযা অযা অযা অযাপ অযাপ অযাপপ

i+ ই ই ই ইপ ইপ ইপপ

ii+ ঈ ঈ ঈ ঈপ ঈপ ঈপপ

u+ উ উ উ উপ উপ উপপ

uu+ ঊ ঊ ঊ ঊপ ঊপ ঊপপ

rri+ ঋ ঋ ঋ ঋপ ঋপ ঋপপ

e+ এ এ এ এপ এপ এপপ

ee+ ঐ ঐ ঐ ঐপ ঐপ ঐপপ

o+ ও ও ও ওপ ওপ ওপপ

oo+ ঔ ঔ ঔ ঔপ ঔপ ঔপপ

ndeg+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -

hh+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -

^+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -



Vowel Trailing (Also referred to as ldquoVowel Form Following a Consonantrdquo)

TRAILING VOWEL FORMS

+

`

+

a

+

aa

+

i

+

ii

+

u

+

u

+

rri

+

e

+

ee

+

o

+

oo

+

ndeg k ক ক কা পক কী ক ক ক পক পক পকা পকৌ ক kh খ খ খা পখ খী খ খ খ পখ পখ পখা পখৌ খ g গ গ গা পগ গী গ গ গ পগ পগ পগা পগৌ গ gh ঘ ঘ ঘা পঘ ঘী ঘ ঘ ঘ পঘ পঘ পঘা পঘৌ ঘ nsup1 ঙ ঙ ঙা পঙ ঙী ঙ ঙ ঙ পঙ পঙ পঙা পঙৌ ঙ c চ চ চা পচ চী চ চ চ পচ পচ পচা পচৌ চ ch ছ ছ ছা পছ পছ ছ ছ ছ পছ পছ পছা পছৌ ছ j জ জ জা পজ জী জ জ জ পজ পজ পজা পজৌ জ jh ঝ ঝ ঝা পঝ ঝী ঝ ঝ ঝ পঝ পঝ পঝা পঝৌ ঝ nsup2 ঞ ঞ ঞা পঞ ঞী ঞ ঞ ঞ পঞ পঞ পঞা পঞৌ ঞ t ট ট টা টি টী ট ট ট পট পট পটা পটৌ ট th ঠ ঠ ঠা ঠি ঠী ঠ ঠ ঠ পঠ পঠ পঠা পঠৌ ঠ d ড ড ডা পড ডী ড ড ড পড পড পডা পডৌ ড dh ঢ ঢ ঢা পঢ ঢী ঢ ঢ ঢ পঢ পঢ পঢা পঢৌ ঢ r ড ড ডা পড ডী ড ড ড পড পড পডা পডৌ ড rh ঢ ঢ ঢা পঢ ঢী ঢ ঢ ঢ পঢ পঢ পঢা পঢৌ ঢ n ণ ণ ণা পণ ণী ণ ণ ণ পণ পণ পণা পণৌ ণ t ত=ৎ ত তা পত তী ত ত ত পত পত পতা পতৌ ত th থ থ থা পথ থী থ থ থ পথ পথ পথা পথৌ থ d দ দ দা পদ দী দ দ দ পদ পদ পদা পদৌ দ dh ধ ধ ধা পধ ধী ধ ধ ধ পধ পধ পধা পধৌ ধ n ন ন না পন নী ন ন ন পন পন পনা পনৌ ন p প প পা পপ পী প প প পপ পপ পপা পপৌ প ph ফ ফ ফা পফ ফী ফ ফ ফ পফ পফ পফা পফৌ ফ b ব ব বা পব বী ব ব ব পব পব পবা পবৌ ব bh ভ ভ ভা পভ ভী ভ ভ ভ পভ পভ পভা পভৌ ভ m ম ম মা পম মী ম ম ম পম পম পমা পমৌ ম y য য যা পয যী য য য পয পয পযা পযৌ য y য় য় য়া পয় য়ী য় য় য় পয় পয় পয়া পয়ৌ য় r র র রা পর রী র র পর পর পরা পরৌ র l ল ল লা পল লী ল ল ল পল পল পলা পলৌ ল sh শ শ শা পশ শী শ শ শ পশ পশ পশা পশৌ শ s ষ ষ ষা পষ ষী ষ ষ ষ পষ পষ পষা পষৌ ষ s স স সা পস সী স স স পস পস পসা পসৌ স h হ হ হা পহ হী হ হ হ পহ পহ পহা পহৌ হ



Similar use applies with ldquo+অযা +ঃ +ঃ rdquo forming কযা ক ক খযা খ খ and so on

Note the special forms- গ=গ+ঃ ৎ=ত+ঃ র=র+ঃ র=র+ঃ শ=শ+ঃ হ=হ+ঃ হ=হ+ঃ



HINTS ON SPECIAL PRONUNCIATION

Bengali script is no longer pronounced truly phonetically The pronunciation is often modified when certain

consonants are joined in ldquoconjunctsrdquo In these cases the first consonant is emphasized and the second is

effectively neglected The main instances are-

কষ = ক + ষ sounds like কক ক+ক

ksa = k + sa kka kka

তম = ত + ম sounds like তত ত+ত

tma = t + ma tta tta

Trailing য (ya) or য় (ya) are written as a ldquoyaflardquo which is a bit like ldquoSrdquo The effect on pronunciation is as

shown above for example-

দয = দ + য (য়) sounds like দদ দ+দ

dya = d + ya (ya) dda dda

The pronunciation of some conjuncts is changed more drastically-

জঞ = জ + ঞ sounds like গয গ+য়

jn2a = j + n2a gya gya

হয = হ + য (য়) sounds like জজ জ+জ

hya = h + ya (ya) jja jja

Where appropriate assistance is given in the dictionary after the romanized version of particularly

problematical words



DECLENSION OF SINGULAR PRONOUNS

(See Notes hellipbelow these two tables)

1 1 24 4 13 34 Nom I you you he she it you he she

Aasb yrsaquoS yrsaquosb Ecirc yAacute Aazsp sysp aami tui tumi se taa aapani tini

Acc me you you him her it you him her 5 Aabajplusmn Ecircyajplusmn Ecircyabajplusmn yajplusmn yAacute Aazpajplusmn yIumlajplusmn aamaake toke tomaake taake taa aapanaake tâake

Gen my your your his her its your his her of me of you of you of him her of it of you of him her Aabam Ecircyam Ecircyabam yam yam Aazpam yIumlam aamaar tor tomaar taar taar aapanaar tâar

Dat me you you him her it you him her to me to you to you to him her to it to you to him her 6 Aabajplusmn Ecircyajplusmn Ecircyabajplusmn yajplusmn yajplusmn Aazpajplusmn yIumlajplusmn aamaake toke tomaake taake taake aapanaake tâake

Instr1 by me by you by you by him her by it by you byhimher Aabam Ecircyam Ecircyabam yam yam Aazpam yIumlam 7 iAtildeamAacute iAtildeamAacute iAtildeamAacute iAtildeamAacute iAtildeamAacute iAtildeamAacute iAtildeamAacute aamaar tor tomaar taar taar aapanaar tâar dvaaraa dvaaraa dvaaraa dvaaraa dvaaraa dvaaraa dvaaraa

Instr2 via me via you via you via him her via it via you via him her Aabam Ecircyam Ecircyabam yam yam Aazpam yIumlam 8 sijfrac12 sijfrac12 sijfrac12 sijfrac12 sijfrac12 sijfrac12 sijfrac12 aamaar tor tomaar taar taar aapanaar tâar diye diye diye diye diye diye diye

Abl from from from from from from from me you you him her it you him her Aabam Ecircyam Ecircyabam yam yam Aazpam yIumlam 9 Ecircujplusmn Ecircujplusmn Ecircujplusmn Ecircujplusmn Ecircujplusmn Ecircujplusmn Ecircujplusmn aamaar tor tomaar taar taar aapanaar tâar theke theke theke theke theke theke theke

Loc in me in you in you in him her in it in you in him her Aabajy Ecircyajy Ecircyabajy yajy yajy Aazpajy yIumlajy 10 Aabafrac12 Ecircyabafrac12 aamaate tote tomaate taate taate aapanaate tâate aamaay tomaay



DECLENSION OF PLURAL PRONOUNS

(See Notes below these two tables)

1 1 24 4 13 34 Nom we you you they they YOU they AabmAacute EcircyamAacute EcircyabmAacute yamAacute yamAacute AazpamAacute yIumlamAacute aami tui tumi se taa aapani tini aamaraa toraa tomaraa taaraa taaraa aapanaaraa tâaraa

Acc us you you them them YOU them 11 Aabajim Ecircyajim Ecircyabajim yajim yajim Aazpajim yIumlajim [-jplusmn] [-jplusmn] [-jplusmn] [-jplusmn] [-jplusmn] [-jplusmn] aamaader toder tomaader taader taader aapanaader tâader [-ke] [-ke] [-ke] [-ke] [-ke] [-ke]

Gen our YOUR YOUR their their YOU THEIR

of us of YOU of YOU of them of them of YOU of them Aabajim Ecircyajim Ecircyabajim yajim yajim Aazpajim yIumlajim aamaader toder tomaader taader taader aapanaader tâader

Dat us YOU YOU them them YOU THEM to us to YOU to YOU to them to them to YOU to THEM 12 Aabajim Ecircyajim Ecircyabajim yajim yajim Aazpajim yIumlajim [-jplusmn] [-jplusmn] [-jplusmn] [-jplusmn] [-jplusmn] [-jplusmn] [-jplusmn] aamaader toder tomaader taader taader aapanaader tâader [-ke] [-ke] [-ke] [-ke] [-ke] [-ke] [-ke]

Instr1 by me by YOU by YOU by them by them by YOU THEM Aabajim Ecircyajim Ecircyabajim yajim yajim Aazpajim yIumlajim 13 iAtildeamAacute iAtildeamAacute iAtildeamAacute iAtildeamAacute iAtildeamAacute iAtildeamAacute iAtildeamAacute aamaader toder tomaader taader taader aapanaader tâader dvaaraa dvaaraa dvaaraa dvaaraa dvaaraa dvaaraa dvaaraa

Instr2 via me via you via you via him her via it via you via him her Aabajim Ecircyajim Ecircyabajim yajim yajim Aazpajim yIumlajim 14 sijfrac12 sijfrac12 sijfrac12 sijfrac12 sijfrac12 sijfrac12 sijfrac12 aamaader toder tomaader taader taader aapanaader tâader diye diye diye diye diye diye diye

Abl from from from from from from from me you you him her it you him her Aabajim Ecircyajim Ecircyabajim yajim yajim Aazpajim yIumlajim 15 Ecircujplusmn Ecircujplusmn Ecircujplusmn Ecircujplusmn Ecircujplusmn Ecircujplusmn Ecircujplusmn aamaader toder tomaader taader taader aapanaader tâader theke theke theke theke theke theke theke

Loc in me in you in you in him her in it in you in him her 16 Aabajim Ecircyajim Ecircyabajim yajim yajim Aazpajim yIumlajim aamaader toder tomaader taader taader aapanaader tâader madhye madhye madhye madhye madhye madhye madhye



Notes on Declension of Pronouns (and Nouns)

1 The three forms of you listed from left to right are-

familiar common and honorific

2 For he or she there is no distinction for gender in the Bengali pronouns

The forms Ecirc se and yAacute- taa- are often replaced throughout by this one - either SatildeAacute- ihaa- or J- e-

3 Underlining of you he she YOU and they indicate the honorific form

4 The forms listed for -

yAacute- taa- and yIumlAacute- tâa

are in modern Common Bengali (chalito language)

In classical (saadhu) literary style longer forms are used-

yaatildeAacute- taahaa- and yIumlaatildeAacute- tâahaa-

5 Alternative forms are Aabafrac12 aamaay and Ecircyabafrac12 tomaay

6 See Note 5

When the sense involves respectful approach into someones presence the preferred form is- Aabam Ecircyam Ecircyabam yam yam Aazpam yIumlam plusmnajmiddot plusmnajmiddot plusmnajmiddot plusmnajmiddot plusmnajmiddot plusmnajmiddot plusmnajmiddot aamaar tor tomaar taar taar aapanaar tâar kaache kaache kaache kaache kaache kaache kaache 7 Instrumental 1 Case by the action of can also use plusmnyŸiacuteplusmn kartrrik sijfrac12 diye

or sifrac12Aacute diyaa

8 Instrumental 2 Case meaning by way of can also use sifrac12Aacute diyaa

9 Sometimes the possessive (Genetive Case) ending -m -r is omitted mdash AabAacute Ecircujplusmn aamaa theke etc

An alternative word for from is atildeSjy haite (atildejy hate)

10 See Note 5

For the sense of within me (inside of me) etc use- Aabam Ecircyam Ecircyabam yam yam Aazpam yIumlam bjoordm bjoordm bjoordm bjoordm bjoordm bjoordm bjoordm aamaar tor tomaar taar taar aapanaar tâar madhye madhye madhye madhye madhye madhye madhye 11 The common forms are shortened to Aabajim aamaader etc similar to the Genetive Case

possessive form

The full literary form is Aabajimjplusmn aamaader-ke etc An alternative form of this is Aabasisup3jplusmn aamaadigake Ecircyasisup3jplusmn todigake Ecircyabasisup3jplusmn tomaadigake yaatildeasisup3jplusmn taahaadigake Aazpasisup3jplusmn aapanaadigake yIumlaatildeasisup3jplusmn tâahaadigake

12 See Note 11

When the sense involves respectful approach into some persons presence it is clearer to use- Aabajim Ecircyajim Ecircyabajim yajim yajim Aazpajim yIumlajim plusmnajmiddot plusmnajmiddot plusmnajmiddot plusmnajmiddot plusmnajmiddot plusmnajmiddot plusmnajmiddot aamaader toder tomaader taader taader aapanaader tâader kaache kaache kaache kaache kaache kaache kaache 13 See Note 7

14 See Note 8 Also the group sense is emphasized by inserting bjoordm madhye mdash Aabajim bjoordm sijfrac12 aamaader madhye diye

15 When the sense involves respectful departure from a persons presence it is preferable to insert

plusmnamiddot kaach Aabajim Ecircyajim Ecircyabajim yajim yajim Aazpajim yIumlajim plusmnamiddot Ecircujplusmn plusmnamiddot Ecircujplusmn plusmnamiddot Ecircujplusmn plusmnamiddot Ecircujplusmn plusmnamiddot Ecircujplusmn plusmnamiddot Ecircujplusmn plusmnamiddotEcircujplusmn aamaader toder tomaader taader taader aapanaader tâader kaach theke kaach theke kaach theke kaach theke kaach theke kaach theke kaach theke 16 Alternative (older) forms are Aabasisup3jy aamaadigate Ecircyasisup3jy todigate Ecircyabasisup3jy tomaadigate

yaatildeasisup3jy taahaadigate Aazpasisup3jy aapanaadigate yIumlaatildeasisup3jy tâahaadigate

General Note About Nouns

The above declensions generally apply to nouns also except that-



i) Personal nouns are made plural in the Nom Case by adding -JmAacute -eraa -mAacute -raa or -sup3t -gan

ii) Impersonal nouns in the plural in all cases take the ending -OacutejnotAacute -gulo (or -Oacutesnot -guli or -sup3t -gan)

Impersonal nouns take postposition words as listed under it and they above



GRAMMAR 533 Verb Family- Like ldquoplusmnmAacuterdquo karaa See Grammar 102

4

Identifying Verbal

Noun

plusmnmAacute karaa

27

Infinitive Noun

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

27

Present Participle

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

45

Past Participle

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnsmfrac12Aacute kariyaa)

49

Conditional Participle

plusmnmjnot kar-le

(plusmnsmjnot karile)

TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style

Ecirc yAacute se taa

(longSadhu Style

Ecirc yAacuteatildeAacute se taahaa)

shortChalito Style

Aazsp sysp aapani tini

(longSadhu Style

Aazsp sysp aapani tini)

61

Present Indicative

I do plusmnsm kari

(plusmnsm kari)

plusmnmplusmnjmAacute karakaro

(plusmnm kara)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Present Imperative

Let me dohellip

plusmnsm kari (plusmnsm kari)

plusmnm kara (plusmnmL karao)

plusmnmAEligplusmn karuk (plusmnmAEligplusmn karuk)

plusmnmAEligp karun (plusmnmAEligp karun)

2829

Present

Continuous

I am doing

plusmnmsmiddot kar-chi

(plusmnsmjysmiddot

karitechi)

plusmnmmiddotplusmnmjmiddotAacute kar-chakar-cho

(plusmnsmjymiddot karitecha)

plusmnmjmiddot kar-che

(plusmnsmjyjmiddot

kariteche)

plusmnmjmiddotp kar-chen

(plusmnsmjyjmiddotp karitechen)

462

Present Perfect

I have done plusmnjmsmiddot karechi

(plusmnsmfrac12asmiddot

kariyaachi)

plusmnjmmiddotplusmnjmjmiddotAacute karechakarecho (plusmnsmfrac12amiddot

kariyaacha)

plusmnjmjmiddot kareche

(plusmnsmfrac12ajmiddot

kariyaache)

plusmnjmjmiddotp karechen

(plusmnsmfrac12ajmiddotp kariyaachen)

26

Future Indefinite

I will do plusmnmcplusmnmjcAacute

kar-bakar-bo (plusmnsmc kariba)

plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)

plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)

plusmnmjcp kar-ben (plusmnsmjcp

kariben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) do

- - plusmnEcirccAacute karo

(plusmnsmL kario)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Future Imperative

(You will) do

plusmnmIcircc karba (plusmnsmcplusmnsmcL

karibakarba-o)

plusmnmIcircjc karbe

(plusmnsmjc karibe)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)

plusmnmIcircjcp karben (plusmnsmjcp

kariben) 533

Future Continuous

I will be doing

plusmnmjy uaplusmnc plusmnmjy uaplusmnjcAacute kar-te thaak-ba

kar-te thaak-bo (plusmnsmjy uasplusmnc karite thaakiba)

plusmnmjy uaplusmnjc kar-te thaak-be

(plusmnsmjy uasplusmnjc

karite thaakibe)


(plusmnsmjy uasplusmnjc karite thaakibe)

plusmnmjy uaplusmnjcp kar-te thaak-ben

(plusmnsmjy uasplusmnjcp karite thaakiben)



Future Perfect

I will have done

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34

Past Simple Narrative

Past Historic

I did

plusmnmnotab kar-laam (plusmnsmnotab

karilaam)

plusmnmjnot kar-le (plusmnsmjnot karile)

plusmnmnotplusmnmjnotAacute kar-lakar-lo

(plusmnsmnot karila)

plusmnmjnotp kar-len (plusmnsmjnotp

karilen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had done I did

plusmnjmsmiddotnotab karechilaam

(plusmnsmfrac12asmiddotnotab kariyaachilaam)

plusmnjmsmiddotjnot karechile

(plusmnsmfrac12asmiddotjnot kariyaachile)

plusmnjmsmiddotnot plusmnjmsmiddotjnotAacute

karechila

karechilo (plusmnsmfrac12asmiddotnot

kariyaachila)

plusmnjmsmiddotjnotp karechilen

(plusmnsmfrac12asmiddotjnotp kariyaachilen)

5012

Past Frequentative

I should do

plusmnmyab kar-taam

(plusmnsmyab karitaam)

plusmnmjy kar-te (plusmnsmjy karite)

plusmnmyplusmnmjyAacute kar-takar-to

(plusmnsmy karita)

plusmnmjyp kar-ten (plusmnsmjyp

kariten)

504

Past Continuous

I was doing

plusmnmsmiddotnotab kar-chilaam

(plusmnsmjysmiddotnotab karitechilaam)

plusmnmsmiddotjnot kar-chile

(plusmnsmjysmiddotjnot karitechile)

plusmnmsmiddotnot plusmnmsmiddotjnotAacute

kar-chila

kar-chilo (plusmnsmjysmiddotnot

karitechila)

plusmnmsmiddotjnotp kar-chilen

(plusmnsmjysmiddotjnotp karitechilen)

Note also other forms of expression

Irsquove been doing hellip hellip plusmnjm Aasmiddot (hellip plusmnsmfrac12Aacute Aasjysmiddot)

hellip kare aas-chi

(hellip kariyaa aasitechi)

I go on doing hellip hellip plusmnjm parasnot (hellip plusmnsmfrac12Aacute parasnot)

hellip kare cali

(hellip kariyaa cali)



GRAMMAR 534 Verb Family- Like ldquosup2aLfrac12Aacuterdquo khaaoyaa See Grammar 111

4

Identifying Verbal

Noun

sup2aLfrac12Aacute khaaoyaa

27

Infinitive Noun

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

27

Present Participle

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

45

Past Participle

Ecircsup2jfrac12 kheye

(sup2aSfrac12Aacute khaaiyaa)

49


Ecircsup2jnot khele

(sup2aSjnot khaaile)

TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I eat

sup2aS khaai (sup2aS khaai)

sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)

sup2afrac12 khaay (sup2afrac12 khaay)

sup2ap khaan (sup2ap khaan)

431

Present Imperative

Let me eathellip


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)

sup2aplusmn khaay (sup2aFplusmnhellip khaauk)

sup2ap khaan (sup2aFp khaaun)

2829

Present

Continuous

I am eating

sup2asoacutemiddot khaacchi (sup2aSjysmiddot

khaaitechi)

sup2aoacutemiddotsup2ajoacutemiddotAacute khaaccha

khaaccho (sup2aSjymiddot

khaaitecha)

sup2ajoacutemiddot khaacche

(sup2aSjyjmiddot khaaiteche)

sup2ajoacutemiddotp khaacchen

(sup2aSjyjmiddotp khaaitechen)

462

Present Perfect

I have eaten Ecircsup2jfrac12smiddot

kheyechi (sup2aSfrac12asmiddot

khaaiyaachi)

Ecircsup2jfrac12middot Ecircsup2jfrac12jmiddotAacute

kheyecha

kheyecho (sup2aSfrac12amiddot

khaaiyaacha)

Ecircsup2jfrac12jmiddot kheyeche

(sup2aSfrac12ajmiddot khaaiyaache)

Ecircsup2jfrac12jmiddotp kheyechen

(sup2aSfrac12ajmiddotp khaaiyaachen)

26

Future Indefinite

I will eat sup2acsup2ajcAacute

khaabakhaabo (sup2aSc khaaiba)

sup2ajc khaabe (sup2aSjc khaaibe)


sup2ajcp khaaben (sup2aSjcp

khaaiben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) eat

- -

Ecircsup2L kheo (sup2aSjfrac12Aacute

khaaiyo)



431

Future Imperative

(You will) eat

sup2ac khaaba (sup2aScsup2aScL

khaaiba

khaaiba-o)




khaaiben)



Future Perfect

I will have eaten

(Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase 534

Future Continuous

I will be eating

Ecircsup2jy uaplusmnc Ecircsup2jy uaplusmnjcAacute

khete thaak-ba

khete thaak-bo (sup2aSjy uasplusmnc

khaaitehellip

thaakiba)

Ecircsup2jy uaplusmnjc khete thaak-be

(sup2aSjy uasplusmnjc

khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)

Ecircsup2jy uaplusmnjcp khete thaak-ben

(sup2aSjy uasplusmnjcp khaaitehellip

thaakiben)

34


Past Historic

I ate

Ecircsup2notab khelaam (sup2aSnotab

khaailaam)

Ecircsup2jnot khele


Ecircsup2notEcircsup2jnotAacute khelakhelo

(sup2aSnot khaaila)

Ecircsup2jnotp khelen (sup2aSjnotp

khaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had eaten I ate

Ecircsup2jfrac12smiddotnotab kheyechilaam

(sup2aSfrac12asmiddotnotab

khaaiyaa-

chilaam)

Ecircsup2jfrac12smiddotjnot kheyechile

(sup2aSfrac12asmiddotjnot khaaiyaachile)

Ecircsup2jfrac12smiddotnot Ecircsup2jfrac12smiddotjnotAacute

kheyechila

kheyechilo (sup2aSfrac12asmiddotnot

khaaiyaachila)

Ecircsup2jfrac12smiddotjnotp kheyechilen

(sup2aSfrac12asmiddotjnotp

khaaiyaachilen) 5012

Past Frequentative

I should eat

Ecircsup2yab khetaam (sup2aSyab

khaaitaam)

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

Ecircsup2yEcircsup2jyAacute khetakheto

(sup2aSy khaaita)

Ecircsup2jyp kheten (sup2aSjyp

khaaiten) 504

Past Continuous

I was eating

sup2asoacutemiddotnotab khaacchilaam

(sup2aSjysmiddotnotab khaaitechilaam)

sup2asoacutemiddotjnot khaacchile

(sup2aSjysmiddotjnot

khaaitechile)

sup2asoacutemiddotnot sup2asoacutemiddotjnotAacute

khaacchila

khaacchilo (sup2aSjysmiddotnot

khaaitechila)

sup2asoacutemiddotjnotp khaacchilen

(sup2aSjysmiddotjnotp

khaaitechilen)


Irsquove been eating hellip hellip Ecircsup2jfrac12 Aasmiddot (hellip sup2aSfrac12Aacute Aasjysmiddot)

hellip kheye aas-chi

(hellip khaaiyaa aasitechi)

I go on eating hellip hellip Ecircsup2jfrac12 parasnot (hellip sup2aSfrac12Aacute parasnot)

hellip kheye cali

(hellip khaaiyaa cali)



GRAMMAR 535 Verbs Like ldquosup3 iacuteajpAacuterdquo (sup3 iacuteaprdquo) ldquogarjaanordquo (ldquogarjaanardquo) See Grammar 12 13

4

Identifying Verbal

Noun

sup3cediliacuteajpAacute garjaano

(sup3cediliacuteap garjaana)

27

Infinitive Noun

sup3cediliacuteajy garjaate

(sup3cediliacuteaSjy garjaaite)

27

Present Participle


(sup3cediliacuteaSjy khaaite)

45

Past Participle

sup3scediliacutejfrac12 garjiye

(sup3cediliacuteaSfrac12Aacute garjaaiyaa)

49


sup3cediliacuteajnot garjaale

(sup3cediliacuteaSjnot garjaaile)

TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I roar sup3cediliacuteaS garjaai

(sup3cediliacuteaS garjaai)

sup3cediliacuteaL garjaao

(sup3cediliacuteaL garjaao)

sup3cediliacuteafrac12 garjaay

(sup3cediliacuteafrac12 garjaay)

sup3cediliacuteap garjaan

(sup3cediliacuteap garjaan) 431

Present Imperative

Let me roarhellip sup3cediliacuteaS garjaai




sup3cediliacuteaplusmn garjaay (sup3cediliacuteaFplusmnhellip

garjaauk)

sup3cediliacuteap garjaan (sup3cediliacuteaFp

garjaaun) 2829

Present

Continuous

I am roaring

sup3cediliacuteasoacutemiddot garjaacchi

(sup3cediliacuteaSjysmiddot garjaaitechi)

sup3cediliacuteaoacutemiddot sup3cediliacuteajoacutemiddotAacute

garjaaccha

garjaaccho (sup3cediliacuteaSjymiddot

garjaaitecha)

sup3cediliacuteajoacutemiddot garjaacche

(sup3cediliacuteaSjyjmiddot

garjaaiteche)

sup3cediliacuteajoacutemiddotp garjaacchen

(sup3cediliacuteaSjyjmiddotp

garjaaitechen) 462

Present Perfect

I have roared sup3scediliacutejfrac12smiddot

garjiyechi

(sup3cediliacuteaSfrac12asmiddot

garjaaiyaachi)

sup3scediliacutejfrac12middot sup3scediliacutejfrac12jmiddotAacute

garjiyecha

garjiyecho (sup3cediliacuteaSfrac12amiddot

garjaaiyaacha)

sup3scediliacutejfrac12jmiddot garjiyeche

(sup3cediliacuteaSfrac12ajmiddot

garjaaiyaache)

sup3scediliacutejfrac12jmiddotp garjiyechen

(sup3cediliacuteaSfrac12ajmiddotp garjaaiyaachen)

26

Future Indefinite

I will roar sup3cediliacuteacsup3cediliacuteajcAacute

garjaaba

garjaabo (sup3cediliacuteaSc

garjaaiba)

sup3cediliacuteajc garjaabe

(sup3cediliacuteaSjc

garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)

sup3cediliacuteajcp garjaaben

(sup3cediliacuteaSjcp

garjaaiben)



431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) roar

- - sup3jcediliacuteL garjeo

sup3cediliacuteaSjfrac12Aacute garjaaiyo

(sup3cediliacuteaSjfrac12Aacute garjaaiyo)




(sup3cediliacuteap garjaan)

431

Future Imperative

(You will) roar

sup3cediliacuteac garjaaba

sup3cediliacuteacL garjaaba-o

(sup3cediliacuteac garjaaba

sup3cediliacuteacL garjaaba-o)



garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)

535

Future Continuous

I will be roaring

sup3cediliacuteajy uaplusmnc sup3cediliacuteajy uaplusmnjcAacute

garjaatehellip

thaak-ba

garjaatehellip

thaak-bo (sup3cediliacuteaSjy uasplusmnc

garjaaitehellip

thaakiba)

sup3cediliacuteajy uaplusmnjc garjaatehellip

thaak-be

(sup3cediliacuteaSjyhellip uasplusmnjc

garjaaite

thaakibe)


thaak-be


garjaaitehellip

thaakibe)

sup3cediliacuteajy uaplusmnjcp garjaatehellip

thaak-ben

(sup3cediliacuteaSjyhellip uasplusmnjcp

garjaaitehellip

thaakiben)

Future Perfect

I will have roared

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I roared

sup3cediliacuteanotab garjaalaam

(sup3cediliacuteaSnotab

garjaailaam)



sup3cediliacuteanotsup3cediliacuteajnotAacute garjaala

garjaalo

(sup3cediliacuteaSnot garjaaila)

sup3cediliacuteajnotp garjaalen

(sup3cediliacuteaSjnotp

garjaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had roared I roared

sup3scediliacutejfrac12smiddotnotab garjiyechilaam

(sup3cediliacuteaSfrac12asmiddotnotab

garjaaiyaa-

chilaam)

sup3scediliacutejfrac12smiddotjnot garjiyechile

(sup3cediliacuteaSfrac12asmiddotjnot garjaaiyaachile)

sup3scediliacutejfrac12smiddotnot sup3scediliacutejfrac12smiddotjnotAacute

garjiyechila

garjiyechilo (sup3cediliacuteaSfrac12asmiddotnot garjaaiyaachila)

sup3scediliacutejfrac12smiddotjnotp garjiyechilen

(sup3cediliacuteaSfrac12asmiddotjnotp garjaaiyaachilen)

5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar

sup3cediliacuteayab garjaataam

(sup3cediliacuteaSyab

garjaaitaam)



sup3cediliacuteaysup3cediliacuteajyAacute garjaata

garjaato (sup3cediliacuteaSy

garjaaita)

sup3cediliacuteajyp garjaaten

(sup3cediliacuteaSjyp

garjaaiten)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten) 505

Past Continuous

I was roaring

sup3cediliacuteasoacutemiddotnotab garjaacchilaam

(sup3cediliacuteaSjysmiddotnotab

garjaaite-

chilaam)

sup3cediliacuteasoacutemiddotjnot garjaacchile

(sup3cediliacuteaSjysmiddotjnot garjaaitechile)

sup3cediliacuteasoacutemiddotnot

sup3cediliacuteasoacutemiddotjnotAacute garjaacchila

garjaacchilo (sup3cediliacuteaSjysmiddotnot

garjaaitechila)

sup3cediliacuteasoacutemiddotjnotp garjaacchilen

(sup3cediliacuteaSjysmiddotjnotp

garjaaitechilen)


Irsquove been roaring sup3scediliacutejfrac12 Aasmiddot (sup3cediliacuteaSfrac12Aacute Aasjysmiddot)

garjiye aas-chi

(garjaaiyaa aasitechi)

I go on roaring sup3scediliacutejfrac12 parasnot (sup3cediliacuteaSfrac12Aacute parasnot)

garjiye cali

(garjaaiyaa cali)



GRAMMAR 536 Declension for Second Person Inferior ldquoyrsaquoSrdquo tui See Grammar 532

TENSE

to do

plusmnmAacute karaa

to eat


to roar



61

Present Indicative thou doest

plusmnsmIcirc karis thou eatest

sup2aSIcirc khaais thou roarest

sup3cediliacuteaSIcirc garjaais 431

Present Imperative Let thou dohellip

plusmnmIcirc kar Let thou eathellip

sup2Aacute khaa

Let thou roarhellip

sup3cediliacuteAacute garjaa 2829

Present

Continuous

thou art doing

plusmnmsmiddotIcirc kar-chis thou art eating

sup2asoacutemiddotIcirc khaacchis thou art roaring

sup3cediliacuteasoacutemiddotIcirc garjaacchis

462

Present Perfect

thou hast doing

plusmnjmsmiddotIcirc karechis thou hast eaten

Ecircsup2jfrac12smiddotIcirc kheyechis thou hast roared

sup3scediliacutejfrac12smiddotIcirc garjiyechis

26

Future Indefinite

thou willst do

plusmnmsc kar-bi

thou willst eat

sup2asc khaabi thou willst roar

sup3cediliacuteasc garjaabi 431

Future Imperative

Common

(thou willst) do

plusmnEcirccAacute karo plusmnsmIcirc karis

(thou willst) eat

sup2AacuteIcirc khaas (thou willst) roar

sup3scediliacuteIcirc garjis

431

Future Imperative

(thou willst) do

plusmnmIcircsc karbi (thou willst) eat

sup2asc khaabi (thou willst) roar


Future Continuous

I will be doing

plusmnmjy uaplusmnsc kar-te thaak-bi

Ecircsup2jy uaplusmnsc khete thaak-bi

sup3cediliacuteajy uaplusmnsc garjaate thaak-bi

464

Future Perfect

thou willst have done

Rephrase

thou willst have eaten

Rephrase

thou willst have roared

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

thou didst

plusmnmsnot kar-li thou didst

Ecircsup2jnot kheli thou didst

sup3cediliacuteasnot garjaali

4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

thou hadst donethou didst

plusmnjmsmiddotsnot karechili


Ecircsup2jfrac12smiddotsnot kheyechili


sup3scediliacutejfrac12smiddotsnot garjiyechili

5012

Past Frequentative thou shouldst do

plusmnmsyIcirc kar-tis

thou shouldst eat

Ecircsup2syIcirc khetis thou shouldst roar

sup3cediliacuteasyIcirc garjaatis 504

Past Continuous

thou werst doing

plusmnmsmiddotsnot kar-chili thou werst eating

sup2asoacutemiddotsnot khaacchile

thou werst roaring

sup3cediliacuteasoacutemiddotsnot garjaacchili

The above table states the short form singular There is also a long form such as ldquosup2aSjysmiddotIcircrdquo ldquokhaaitechisrdquo ldquosup2aSfrac12asmiddotIcirc ldquokhaaiyaachisrdquo sup2aSsc ldquokhaaibirdquo ldquosup2aSfrac12asmiddotsnotrdquo ldquokhaaiyaachilirdquo ldquosup2aSjysmiddotsnotrdquo ldquokhaaitechilirdquo

The plural for ldquoyrsaquoSrdquo ldquotuirdquo is ldquoEcircyamAacuterdquo ldquotoraardquo



Cardinal Numbers Zero One Two Three hellip

0 0

shuunya

eumlethicirc

1 1

ek

Jplusmn

2 2

dui

UcircS

3 3

tin

syp

4 4

caar

paraam

5 5

pâac

zIumlapara

6 6

chay

middotfrac12

7 7

saat

ay

8 8

aat

Aaq

9 9

nay

pfrac12

10 10

dash

ireg

11 11

egaara

Jsup3am

12 12

baara

cam

13 13

tera

Ecircym

14 14

coodda

Ecircparaagraveeacute

15 15

panera

zjpm

16 16

sola

Ecirciquestanot

17 17

satera

jym

18 18

aathaara

Aajwm

19 19

unnish

Gspreg

20 20

bish

screg

21 21

ekush

Jplusmnsbquoreg

22 22

baaish

caSreg

23 23

teish

EcircySreg

24 24

cabbish

parasCAtildereg

25 25

pâcish

zIumlsparareg

26 26

chaabbish

middotasCAtildereg

27 27

saataash

ayareg

28 28

aathaash

Aawareg

29 29

uunatrish

Gpsecircreg

30 30

trish

secircreg

31 31

ekatrish

Jplusmnsecircreg

32 32

batrish

csecircreg

33 33

tetrish

Ecircysecircreg

34 34

cootrish

Ecircparaagravesecircreg

35 35

pâyatrish

zIumlfrac12secircreg

36 36

chatrish

middotsecircreg

37 37

sâaitrish

IumlaSsecircreg

38 38

aat-trish

Aaqsecircreg

39 39

uunacallish

Jplusmnparasligravereg

40 40

callish

parasligravereg

41 41

ekacallish


42 42

biyaallish

scfrac12asligravereg

43 43

tetaallish

Ecircyyasligravereg

44 44

cuyaallish

pararsaquofrac12asligravereg

45 45

pâyataallish

zIumlfrac12yasligravereg

46 46

checallish

Ecircmiddotparasligravereg

47 47

saat-challish

aymiddotsligravereg

48 48

aat-callish

Aaqparasligravereg

49 49

uunapansup2caash

GpzTHORNareg

50 50

pansup2caash

zTHORNareg

51 51

ekaanna

JplusmnapETH

52 52

baahaanna

caatildeap ETH

53 53

tippaanna

syzUacuteapETH

54 54

cuyaanna

pararsaquofrac12apETH

55 55

pansup2caanna

zTHORNapETH

56 56

chaappaanna

middotazUacuteapETH

57 57

saataanna

ayapETH

58 58

aataanna

AaqapETH

59 59

uunasaat

Gpiquestaq

60 60

saat

iquestaq

61 61

ek-satti

Jplusmniquestslsaquo

62 62

baasatti

caiquestslsaquo

63 63

tesatti

Ecircyiquestslsaquo

64 64

coosatti

Ecircparaagraveiquestslsaquo

65 65

pâyasatti

zIumlfrac12iquestslsaquo

66 66

chesatti

Ecircmiddotiquestslsaquo

67 67

saat-satti

ayiquestslsaquo

68 68

aat-satti

Aaqiquestslsaquo

69 69

uunasattar

Gpraquom

70 70

sattar

raquom

71 71

ekaattar

Jplusmnaraquom

72 72

baahaattar

caatildearaquom

73 83

tiyaattar

syfrac12araquom

74 74

cuyaattar

pararsaquofrac12araquom

75 75

pâcaattar

zIumlparaaraquom

76 76

chiyaattar

smiddotfrac12araquom

77 77

saataattar

ayaraquom

78 78

aataattar

Aaqaraquom

79 79

uunaashi

Gpasreg

80 80

aashi

Aasreg

81 81

ekaashi

Jplusmnasreg

82 82

biraashi

scmasreg

83 83

tiraashi

symasreg

84 84

curaashi

pararsaquomasreg

85 85

pâcaashi

zIumlparaasreg

86 86

chiyaashi

smiddotfrac12asreg

87 87

saataashi

ayasreg

88 88

aataashi

Aaqasreg

89 89

uunanabbai

GppCAtildeS

90 90

nabbai

pCAtildeS

91 91

ekaanabbai

JplusmnapCAtildeS

92 92 biraanabbai

scmapCAtildeS

93 93

tiraanabbai

symapCAtildeS

94 94

curaanabbai

pararsaquomapCAtildeS

95 95

pâc-aanabbai

zIumlparaapCAtildeS

96 96 chiyaanabbai

smiddotfrac12apCAtildeS

97 97 saataanabbai

ayapCAtildeS

98 98 aataanabbai

AaqapCAtildeS

99 99 niraanabbai

spmapCAtildeS

There are variations in spellings and use of some of these numbers-

plusmnsbquosE kuri may be used for twenty instead of screg bish

sysmreg tirish may be used for thirty instead of secircreg trish

iquestaw saath may be used for sixty instead of iquestaq saat

Aaq aat- may be used for -eight instead ofqaAaw- aath- in 28 38 48 68 Fp- un- may be used for one-less-than instead of Gp- uun- in 19 29 39 49 59 69 79 89 reg EcircregAacute or regy sha sho or shat mean hundred 100 200 is treated as two hundreds UcircS reg dui sha and so on

atildeacedilam or atildeIacute haajaar or sahasra mean thousand 1000 2000 is treated as two thousands UcircS atildeacedilam dui haajaar and so on

notasup2 or notntilde laakh or laksa mean hundred thousand 100000 Ecircplusmnsq or EcircecircMaE koti or kror mean ten million 1000000 chethi brrinda means one thousand million 1000000000 regccedilsup2 shansup1kha is one million million 10000000000000 batildeazIAcirc mahaapadma is a hundred million million

1000000000000000



Fractions 14 14 poyaa Ecirczafrac12Aacute 12 12 aadhaa AaoAacute 34 34 tin poyaa syp Ecirczafrac12Aacute 1 1 ek Jplusmn 114 114 pâac poyaa zIumlapara Ecirczafrac12Aacute 112 112 der EcirciE 134 134 saat poyaa ay Ecirczafrac12Aacute 2 2 dui UcircS 214 214 nay poyaa pfrac12 Ecirczafrac12Aacute 212 212 aaraai AaEaS

For larger fractions use-

+ 14 saoyaa (sawaa) Lfrac12Aacute + 12 saare ajE

- 14 poone Ecirczagravejp

234 234 poone tin Ecirczajp syp 3 3 tin syp 314 314 saoyaa tin Lfrac12Aacute syp 312 312 saare tin ajE syp 334 334 poone caar Ecirczagravejp paraam 4 4 caar paraam

Ajoiacuteplusmn ardhek stands for the quantity of ldquoa halfrdquo of something

Expression of other fractions is by stating ldquoof the total number of parts forming the whole so many parts

are presentrdquo For example-

23 = syp vajsup3m UcircS vasup3

23 = tin bhaager

dui bhaag

23 = out of three parts two

parts (two parts out of three)

Percentages can be expressed in either of two ways ldquoso many per cent in every hundredrdquo or ldquoworking in

a hundred so manyrdquo-

zIumlapara lsquozsy regy pâac prati shat 5 = 5 in every hundred

regyplusmnmAacute zIumlapara shat-karaa pâac 5 = in a hundred 5



Ordinal Numbers First Second Third [GRAMMAR 573]

(See Grammar 582 for dates)

lsquozub (1b) pratham first (1st)

sIAtildeydfrac12 (2frac12) dvitiiya second (2nd)

yŸydfrac12 (3frac12) trritiiya third (3rd)

parayrsaquouiacute (4uiacute) caturtha fourth (4th)

zTHORNb (5b) pansup2cam fifth (5th)

iquestoslash (6oslash) sasta sixth (6th)

zUgraveb (7b) saptam seventh (7th)

Aoslashb (8b) astam eighth (8th)

pcb (9b) nabam ninth (9th)

iregb (10b) dasham tenth (10th)

Jplusmnaireg(yb) 11(b) ekaadash(tam) eleven(th) 11(th)

IAtildeaireg(yb) 12(b) dvaadash(tam) twelf(th) 12(th)

ecircjfrac12aireg(yb) 13(b) trayodash(tam) thirteen(th) 13(th)

parayrsaquoeacuteiacutereg(yb) 14(b) caturddash(tam) fourteen(th) 14(th)

zTHORNireg(yb) 15(b) pansup2cadash(tam) fifteen(th) 15(th)

Ecircamareg(yb) 16(b) sorash(tam) sixteen(th) 16(th)

zUgraveireg(yb) 17(b) saptadash(tam) seventeen(th) 17(th)

Aoslashaireg(yb) 18(b) astaadash(tam) eighteen(th) 18(th)

GpscEgravereg(yb) 19(b) uunibinordmsha(tam) nineteen(th) 19(th)

scEgravereg(yb) 20(b) binordmsha(tam) twenti(eth) 20(th)

secircEgravereg(yb) 30(b) trinordmsha(tam) thirti(eth) 30(th)

paraYAtildeasAringograveEgravereg(yb) 40(b) catvaastrinordmsha(tam) forti(eth) 40(th)

zTHORNareg(raquob) 50(b) pansup2caashat(tam) fifti(eth) 50(th)

regy(yb) 100(b) shat(tam) hundred(th) 100(th)

atildeIacute(yb) 1000(b) sahasra(tam) thousand(th) 1000(th)

The tabulation above shows that ordinal numbers up to ldquotenthrdquo are all special meaning that they bear little

resemblance to the cardinal series given in Grammar 571 The ordinals listed from ldquoeleventhrdquo to

ldquonineteenthrdquo are formed by adding ldquo-ybrdquo ldquo-tamrdquo meaning ldquo-thrdquo to an old cardinal series Ordinals in higher

decades can be formed similarly but changing the ending to suit the tens involved The feminine ending

adds ldquomdashdrdquo ldquo-iirdquo

Pentecost being the 50th day is ldquozTHORNaregraquobdm siprdquo ldquopancaashattamiir dinrdquo

It is common practice to take the simpler approach of forming ordinals by using the Possessive Case of the

cardinal numbers listed in Grammar 571 especially for ordinals above ldquotwentiethrdquo

See also DATES for the use of a different system of ordinal numbers

Hence ldquo69thrdquo becomes ldquoGpraquojmmrdquo ldquouunasattarerrdquo



Approximation [GRAMMAR 574]

ldquo-Jplusmnrdquo ldquo-ekrdquo is appended to a number to say approximately that number-

UcircJplusmn duek about 2

ajyplusmn saatek about 7

ldquosup2ajpplusmnrdquo ldquokhaanekrdquo is placed after a dimension to say approximately that value-

sip sup2ajpplusmn din khaanek approximately a day

ldquolsquozafrac12rdquo ldquopraayrdquo is placed in front of a value to say approximately than amount

lsquozafrac12 syp acuteethqAacute praay tin ghantaa about three hours

ldquolsquozafrac12 swplusmnrdquo ldquopraay thikrdquo means ldquoapproximaterdquo ldquoabout rightrdquo



MONTHS AND SEASONS

There are 12 months in the Bengali calendar They go from mid-month to mid-month on the English

calendar The 6 seasons each relate to a pair of Bengali months

---------- Alsquosup3atildeafrac12t agrahaayan

DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------

---------- Ecirczagraveiquest poos

JANUARY ---------- regdy shiita (winter)

---------- baacute maagh

FEBRUARY ---------- ------------------------------

---------- xanotIcircOacutet phaalgun

MARCH ---------- cPUgrave basanta (spring)

---------- Eumlparaecirc ceetra

APRIL ---------- ------------------------------

---------- Eumlcregasup2 beeshaakh

MAY ---------- lsquosup3dNtildeš griisma (summer)

---------- Eumlcedilordmoslash jyeesta

JUNE ---------- ------------------------------

---------- AaiquestaR aasaarh

JULY ---------- ciquestiacuteAacute barsaa (rainy)

---------- lsquoregact shraaban

AUGUST ---------- ------------------------------

---------- valsquoi bhaadra

SEPTEMBER ---------- regmugrave sharat (autumn)

---------- AaregAtildedp aashviin

OCTOBER ---------- ------------------------------

---------- plusmnajraquoiacuteplusmn kaarttik

NOVEMBER ---------- EcircatildebPUgrave hemanta (dewy)


DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------

The names of months as used in Europe are frequently used these days however but their pronunciation

and related spelling are adapted to reflect the Bengali style

cedilapffrac12asm jaanuyaari

EcircxcIacuteAEligfrac12asm phebruyaari

baparaiacute maarc

Jslsquoznot epril

Ecircb me

cedilrsaquop jun

cedilrsaquonotaS julaai

Aasup3laquoq aagast

EcircjdaggerqBAtildem septembar

AjQacm aktobar

EcircpajvBAtildem nabhembar

sejBAtildem disembar



DATES

Days of the week are listed in Vocabulary 162 Ordinal numbers for days in a month are-

zjatildenotAacute zfrac12notAacute pahelaa payalaa first (1st)

EcirciaIacuteAacute dosraa second (2nd)

EcircyIacuteAacute tesraa third (3rd)

EcircparaagravewAacute coothaa fourth (4th)

Add ldquo-Srdquo ldquo-irdquo to the cardinal numbers between 5 and 18 (see Grammar 571) for example-

zIumlaparaS pâanc-i fifth (5th)

Add ldquo-Jrdquo ldquo-erdquo to the cardinal numbers between 19 and 31 (see Grammar 571) for example-

FspETHjreg uunishe nineteenth (19th)



TIME ON THE CLOCK

Fractions of an Hour

The numerical fractions given in Grammar 572 are combined with the particle ldquoqAacuterdquo ldquo-taardquo to define the

time on the clock to the nearest quarter of an hour

zajp JplusmnqAacute poone ek-taa a quarter to one

JplusmnqAacute ek-taa one oclock

Lfrac12Aacute JplusmnqAacute saoyaa ek-taa a quarter past one

EcirciEqAacute der-taa half past one

Ecirczagravejp UcircIcircqAacute poone dutaa a quarter to two

UcircqAacute dutaa two

Lfrac12Aacute UcircqAacute saoyaa dutaa a quarter past two

AaEaqAacute aaraaitaa half past two

Ecirczagravejp sypqAacute poone tin-taa a quarter to three

sypqAacute tin-taa three oclock

Lfrac12Aacute sypqAacute saoyaa tin-taa a quarter past three

ajE sypqAacute saare tin-taa half past three

Ecirczagravejp paraamqAacute poone caar-taa a quarter to four

paraamqAacute caar-taa four oclock

Oclock

ldquocacedilAacuterdquo baajaa meaning to strike is used for telling what the time is what time has last struck or what

time is striking next

To state the time that has struck as a whole hour or fraction of an hour use ldquo-qAacute Ecirccjcediljmiddot (cascedilfrac12ajmiddot)rdquo -taa bejeche (baajiyaache) For example-

If the time has just struck on the hour of one oclock

It is one oclock = It has struck one or One has struck

JplusmnqAacute Ecirccjcediljmiddot (cascedilfrac12ajmiddot) ek-taa bejeche (baajiyaache)

Minutes After the Hour

To state the time as a number of minutes past the last hour that has struck append the number of minutes

to the time for the hour

It is seven minutes past one = It is [has been] seven minutes after having struck one

JplusmnqAacute Ecirccjcedil ay sbspq Aajmiddot [or atildejfrac12jmiddot] ek-taa beje saat minit aache [or hayeche]

(JplusmnqAacute cascedilfrac12Aacute ay sbspq Aajmiddot [or atildeSfrac12ajmiddot]

ek-taa baajiyaa saat minit aache [or haiyaache])

On a digital clock system this would be one seven-

JplusmnqAacute ay ek-taa saat



Minutes Before the Hour

State the time as the number of minutes in which the next hour is [will be] striking-

It is twenty three minutes to two = Striking two will be twenty three minutes

UcircqAacute cacediljy EcircySreg sbspq Aajmiddot [atildejc] dutaa baaj-te teish minit aache [habe]

(UcircqAacute cascediljy EcircySreg sbspq Aajmiddot [atildeSjc] dutaa baajite teish minit aache [haibe])

On a digital clock system this would be one thirty seven-

JplusmnqAacute Iumlasecircreg ek-taa sâaitrish

Asking the Time

To ask what the time is you ask How many times has it struck Accordingly how many is combined

with the particle This is usually shortened and the apostrophe inserted to indicate this

What is the time = ldquoHow many have struck [or strike]rdquo

ldquoHow many have struckrdquo

plusmnqAacute [plusmnyqAacute] Ecirccjcediljmiddot kataa [katataa] bejeche

(plusmnqAacute [plusmnyqAacute] cascedilfrac12ajmiddot

kataa [katataa] baajiyaache

ldquoHow many strikerdquo

plusmnqAacute [plusmnyqAacute] cajcedil kataa [katataa] baaje



STUDY REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Notes 1 Words enclosed in round brackets ( ) are in saadhu baandeglaa Calita baandeglaa is used generally

2 Words enclosed in square brackets are optional or alternatives

Study 1 1 I you he you he Aasb yrsaquosb Ecirc Aazsp sysp aami tumi se aapani tini

2 It is yAacute (yaatildeAacute) Aajmiddot taa (taahaa) aache

3 He is well Ecirc vajnotAacute (vanot) Aajmiddot sebhaalo (bhaala) aache

4 How are you Aazsp Ecircplusmnbp Aajmiddotp aapani keman aachen

5 I am ill Aasb AfAringOtilde Aasmiddot aami asustha aachi

6 It is good yAacute vajnotAacute Aajmiddot (yAacuteatildeAacute vanot Aajmiddot) taa bhaalo aache (taahaa bhaala aache)

7 Verb endings used when the stem ends in a consonant 1st 2nd 3rd

or Honorific

[2nd or 3rd]

After a stem ending in a

Consonant

1

Aasb aami

-s- -i

2

yrsaquosb tumi

-Ecirc-Aacute (- [=A]) -o (-a)

3

Ecirc se

yAacute (yaatildeAacute) taa (taahaa)

-Ecirc- -e

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-Ecirc-p -en

Study 2 1 He is there Ecirc Lsup2ajp Aajmiddot se okhaane aache

2 I am here Aasb Jsup2ajp Aasmiddot aami ekhaane aachi

3 Where are you yrsaquosb Ecircplusmnauafrac12 AajmiddotAacute (Aamiddot) tumi kothaay (aacha)

4 Thank you oethicirccai dhanyabaad

5 The friend is here ciumlsbquo Jsup2ajp Aajmiddot bandhu ekhaane aache

6 The little sister is there Ecircmiddotaq Ecirccap Lsup2ajp Aajmiddot chota bon okhaane aache

7 How is the little sister Ecircmiddotaq Ecirccap Ecircplusmnbp Aajmiddot chota bon keman aache

8 The big brother is here cE vaS Jsup2ajp Aajmiddot bara bhaai ekhaane aache

9 The big brother is a friend cE vaS ciumlsbquo Aajmiddot bara bhaai bandhu aache

10 Who is there Ecircplusmn Lsup2ajp Aajmiddot ke okhaane aache

11 Who is sick Ecircplusmn AfAringOtilde Aajmiddot ke asustha aache

12 Here is the big brother cE vaS Jsup2ajp Aajmiddot bara bhaai ekhaane aache

13 Where is the little friend Ecircmiddotaq ciumlsbquo Ecircplusmnauafrac12 Aajmiddot chota bandhu kothaay aache

Study 3 1 English friend SEgravejmcedil ciumlsbquo indegrej bandhu Bengali brother caaringanotd vaS baansup1gaalii bhaai

2 English language SEgravejmcedild vaiquestAacute indegrejii bhaasaa

3 Bengali language caEgravenotAacute vaiquestAacute baandeglaa bhaasaa

4 This message [is] good J Egravecai vanot e sandegbaad bhaala

5 This is Bengali language J vaiquestAacute caEgravenotAacute e bhaasaa baandeglaa

6 Little English brother Ecircmiddotaq SEgravejmcedil vaS chota indegrej bhaai

7 Big Bengali sister cE caaringanotd Ecirccap bara baansup1gaalii bon

8 The unwell Bengali sister is here AfAringOtilde caaringanotd Ecirccap Jsup2ajp Aajmiddot asustha baansup1gaalii bon ekhaane

aache



9 The good Bengali brother is there vanot caaringanotd vaS Lsup2ajp Aajmiddot bhaala baansup1gaalii bhaai okhaane

aache

10 This work [is] good J plusmnacedil vajnotAacute (vanot) e kaaj bhaalo (bhaala)

11 I indeed am that brother AasbS K vaS aami-i ee bhaai

12 This particularly [is] good work JS vajnotAacute (vanot) plusmnacedil ei bhaalo (bhaala) kaaj

13 He indeed [is] good syspS vajnotAacute (vanot)| tini-i bhaalo (bhaala)

Study 4 1 Give the book cS sip bai din

2 Take this message JS Egravecai spp ei sandegbaad nin

3 I do you do Aasb plusmnsm yrsaquosb plusmnjmAacute (plusmnm) aami kari tumi kara (karo)

he does you do Ecirc plusmnjm Aazsp plusmnjmp se kare aapani karen

4 I speak you are Aasb csnot yrsaquosb AajmiddotAacute (Aamiddot) aami bali tumi aacha (aacho)

he reads it does Ecirc zjE yAacute (yaatildeAacute) plusmnjm se pare taa (taahaa) kare

5 He speaks you do sysp cjnotp Aazsp plusmnjmp tini balen aapani karen

6 The Bengali daughter is there caaringanotd Ecircbjfrac12 Lsup2ajp Aajmiddot| baansup1gaalii meye okhaane aache

7 The little woman reads Ecircmiddotaq Aringograved zjE chota strii pare

8 The big man does work cE bapfiquest plusmnacedil plusmnjm bara maanus kaaj kare

9 Read this little English book J Ecircmiddotaq SEgravejmcedild cS zEfp e chota indegrejii bai parun

10 The English man reads Bengali SEgravejmcedil bapfiquest caEgravenotAacute zjE indegrej maanus baandeglaa pare

11 The little son is well Ecircmiddotaq Ecircmiddotjnot vajnotAacute (vanot) Aajmiddot chota chele bhaalo (bhaala) aache

Study 5 1 See you again Aacam Ecircisup2Aacute atildejc (atildeSjc) aabaar dekhaa habe (haibe)

2 He [is] a good son Ecirc vajnotAacute (vanot) Ecircmiddotjnot se bhaalo (bhaala) chele

NB To form questions using splusmn ki or plusmnd kii

what Place plusmnd (splusmn) kii (ki) where you would have put what it is replacing in the

sentence

whether splusmn ki mdash Place this key in front of the door you want to open in the sentence so

to speak

is it so Place splusmn ki at the end of the sentence

3 Gods name [is] what DregAtildejmm pab plusmnd (splusmn) iishbarer naam kii (ki) 4 What [is] your name Aazpam pab plusmnd (splusmn) aapanaar naam kii (ki)

5 Gods book [is] what DregAtildejmm cS plusmnd (splusmn) iishbarer bai kii (ki)

6 Gods book [is] good DregAtildejmm cS vajnotAacute| iishbarer bai bhaalo (bhaala)

7 What [is] this book J cS plusmnd (splusmn) e bai kii (ki)

8 The parents are here szyabayAacute Jsup2ajp Aajmiddot pitaamaataa ekhaane aache

9 The father and son are there szyAacute JcEgrave Ecircmiddotjnot Lplusmnajp Aajmiddot pitaa ebandeg chele okhaane aache

10 Are your parents here Aazpam cacabAacute splusmn Jsup2ajp Aajmiddot aapanaar baabaamaa ki ekhaane

aache

[ or szyabayAacute pitaamaataa]

11 Are you well yrsaquosb splusmn vajnotAacute (Aamiddot) tumi ki bhaalo (bhaala) aacha

12 Is the little man well Ecircmiddotaq bapfiquest splusmn vajnotAacute (vanot) Aajmiddot chota maanus ki bhaalo (bhaala) aache

13 My your her its your his Aabam Ecircyabam yam (yaatildeam) yam (yaatildeam) Aazpam yIumlam (yIumlaatildeam) aamaar tomaar taar (taahaar) taar (taahaar) aapanaar tâar (tâahaar)

14 Your good friend Ecircyabam vajnotAacute (vanot) ciumlsbquo tomaar bhaalo (bhaala) bandhu

15 Your Bengali book Aazpam caEgravenotAacute cS aapanaar baandeglaa bai

16 His unwell daughter is where yam (yaatildeam) AfAringOtilde Ecircbjfrac12 Ecircplusmnauafrac12 Aajmiddot taar (taahaar) asustha

meye kothaay aache

17 Gods DregAtildejmm Ecircsup2aiam iishvarer khodaar

18 Of the sister Ecirccajpm boner

19 Of the little man Ecircmiddotaq bapfjiquestm chota maanuser

20 Of the big book cE cSJm bara baier

21 The name of the big book cE cSJm pab bara baier naam



22 The work of the Bengali sister caaringanotd Ecirccajpm plusmnacedil baansup1gaalii boner kaaj

23 The English brothers mothers name SEgravejmcedil vaSjfrac12m bayam pab indegrej bhaaiyer maataar naam

24 The name of the book of the Bengali sister caaringanotd Ecirccajpm cSJm pab baansup1gaalii boner baier

naam

25 Your friends Bengali work Ecircyabam ciumlsbquom caEgravenotAacute plusmnacedil tomaar bandhur baandeglaa kaaj

Study 6 1 Witness question answer yes no antilded lsquozregETH Fraquom atildeIumlAacute (atildeIumlordmAacute) pAacute saaksii prashna uttar hyâa

(hâa) naa

2 Many not many holy understand Ajpplusmn AlUacute zscecirc cfsup1Aacute anek alpa pabitra bujhaa

Study 7 1 Witnesses do preaching antildedmAacute lsquozparaam plusmnjm saaksiiraa pracaar kare

2 Gods commandment [is] good DregAtildejmm AaiexclAacute vajnotAacute (vanot) iishbarer aajnaa [aagyaa] bhaalo

(bhaala)

3 Jesus [is] king DAacute macedilAacute iisaa raajaa

4 God does good sysp vajnotAacute (vanot) plusmnjmp tini bhaalo (bhaala) karen

5 We YOU they YOU they AabmAacute EcircyabmAacute yamAacute (yaatildeamAacute) AazpamAacute yIumlamAacute (yIumlaatildeamAacute) aamaraa

tomaraa taaraa (taahaaraa) aapanaaraa tâaraa (tâahaaraa)

6 We do work AabmAacute plusmnacedil plusmnsm aamaraa kaaj kari

7 We understand Gods will AabmAacute DregAtildejmm SoacutemiddotAacute cfssup1 aamaraa iishbarer icchaa bujhi

[ or Ecircsup2aiAacutem khodaar]

8 The parents do more work cacabajfrac12mAacute AamL plusmnacedil plusmnjm baabaamaayeraa aar-o kaaj kare

[ or szyabayamAacute pitaamaataaraa]

9 The little children do less work Ecircmiddotaq Ecircmiddotjnotjbjfrac12 plusmnb plusmnacedil plusmnjm chota chelemeye kam kaaj kare

10 Our YOUR their YOUR their Aabajim Ecircyabajim yajim (yaatildeajim) Aazpajim yIumlajim (yIumlaatildeajim) aamaader tomaader taader (taahaader) aapanaader tâader (tâahaader)

11 Our friend is here Aabajim ciumlsbquo Jsup2ajp Aajmiddot aamaader bandhu ekhaane aache

12 Where is YOUR little sister Aazpajim Ecircmiddotaq Ecirccap Ecircplusmnauafrac12 aapanaader chota bon kothaay

13 Their word is our commandment yIumlajim (yIumlaatildeajim) plusmnuAacute Aabajim AaiexclAacute| tâader (tâahaader)

kathaa aamaader aajnaa [aagyaa]

Study 8 1 Two women [generally] UcircScedilp Aringograved duijan strii

two women [by number] UcircS Aringograved dui strii

2 Three Bengali sisters sypcedilp caaringanotd Ecirccap tin-jan baansup1gaalii bon

3 One elder Jplusmncedilp lsquozaparadp vaS ek-jan praaciin bhaai

4 Sinners zazdmAacute zazdsup3t paapiiraa paapiigan

5 Idols lsquozsybasup3t lsquozsybaOacutejnotAacute pratimaagan pratimaagulo

6 Books cSOacutejnotAacute cSOacutesnot cSplusmnnot cSsup3t baigulo baiguli baisaksal baigan

7 Friends ciumlsbquomAacute bandhuraa

8 Little daughters Ecircmiddotaq Ecircmiddotaq Ecircbjfrac12 [or Ecircmiddotaq Ecircbjfrac12mAacute] chota chota meye [or chota meyeraa]

9 Many faithful ones scregAtildeadmAacute scregAtildeadsup3t bishbaasiiraa bishbaasiigan

Study 9 [Vocabulary 91] and Study 10

1 I bring the message Aasb Egravecai Aasp aami sandegbaad aani

2 I call Gods name Aasb DregAtildejmm pab easplusmn aami iishbarer naam daaki

3 Sinners die zazdmAacute [or zazdsup3t] permiljm paapiiraa [or paapiigan] mare

4 I read the book Aasb cS zsE aami bai pari

5 He sits here Ecirc Jsup2ajp cj se ekhaane base

6 The faithful survive scregAtildeadmAacute cIumlajpara bishbaasiraa bâace

Study 11 1 Insert the verb endings [used when the stem ends in a vowel]



1st 2nd 3rd or

Honorific [2nd or

3rd]

After a stem ending

in a Vowel

1 Aasb aami -S -i

2 yrsaquosb tumi -L -o 3

Ecirc se yAacute (yaatildeAacute) taa (taahaa)

-frac12 -y

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-p -n

2 I want Aasb paraaS aami caai

you go yrsaquosb naL tumi yaao

he gets Ecirc zafrac12 se paay

3 You eat Aazsp sup2ap aapani khaan

he desires sysp paraap tini caan

4 We prove to be AabmAacute atildeS aamaraa hai

YOU do not prove to be EcircyabmAacute atildeL pAacute tomaraa hao naa

5 I take Aasb spS aami ni-i [nei]

you take yrsaquosb EcircpL tumi neo

he takes Ecirc Ecircpfrac12Icirc se ney 6 They take yIumlamAacute spp tâaraa nin

(yIumlaatildeamAacute Ecircpp tâahaaraa nen)

YOU take AazpamAacute spp aapanaaraa nin

AazpamAacute Ecircpp aapanaaraa nen

we take AabmAacute spS aamaraa ni-i

AabmAacute EcircpS aamaraa nei

7 They dont sing [sing not] yamAacute (yaatildeamAacute) sup3afrac12 pAacute taaraa (taahaaraa) gaay naa

8 We dont get peace AabmAacute regasPUgrave zaS pAacute aamaraa shaanti paai naa

9 My book gives a good answer Aabam cS vajnotAacute (vanot) Fraquom Ecircifrac12 aamaar bai bhaalo (bhaala) uttar

dey

10 Many children do not eat Ajpplusmn Ecircmiddotjnotjbjfrac12 sup2afrac12 pAacute anek chelemeye khaay naa

11 We go there AabmAacute Lsup2ajp naS aamaraa okhaane yaai

Study 12 1 Their faith [is] dead yajim (yaatildeajim) scregAtildea bhy taahaader (taader) bishbaas mrrita

2 Is our faith alive Aabajim scregAtildea splusmn cedildscy aamaader bishbaas ki jiibita

3 Much violence happens Ajpplusmn satildeEgraveAacute acutejq anek hindegsaa ghate

4 We see a little [not much] rain there AabmAacute Lsup2ajp AlUacute chsoslash Ecircissup2 aamaraa okhaane alpa brristi

dekhi

5 I run you run he runs Aasb EcirciagraveEaS yrsaquosb EcirciagraveEaL Ecirc EcirciagraveEafrac12 aami dooraai tumi dooraao se

dooraay

6 You run she runs Aazsp EcirciagraveEap sysp EcirciagraveEap aapani dooraan tini dooraan

7 We flee AabmAacute zanotaS aamaraa paalaai

you sleep yrsaquosb acutefbaL tumi ghumaao

they hide yamAacute (yaatildeamAacute) notfplusmnafrac12 taahaaraa lukaay 8 We want peace AabmAacute regasPUgrave paraaS aamaraa shaanti caai

Study 13



1 I become awake [myself] Aasb cedilassup3 [= I awake] aami jaagi

2 I cause [someone] to wake up Aasb cedilasup3aS [=I arouse] aami jaagaai

3 I move around [myself] Aasb parasnot

[= I go] aami cali

4 I cause [someone] to move Aasb paraanotaS

[= I drive] aami caalaai

5 I see Aasb Ecircissup2 aami dekhi

I cause [someone] to see Aasb Ecircisup2aS

[= I show] aami dekhaai

6 You learn yrsaquosb Ecircregjsup2Aacute (sregsup2) tumi shekho (shikha)

You cause [someone] to learn yrsaquosb sregplusmnaL

[= you teach] tumi shikhaao

7 He returns Ecirc sxjm se phire

He causes [someonething] to return Ecirc sxmafrac12 [= he turns or returns] se phiraay

He causes the mind to turn round Ecirc [bp] sxmafrac12

[=he repents] se [man] phiraay

Study 14 1 Event sign creator earth acuteqpAacute sparaatildeM hsoslashplusmnyiacuteAacute (hsoslashplusmnraquoiacuteAacute) zhsucd ghatanaa cihna srristikartaa

(srristikarttaa) prrithibii

2 I believe Aasb scregAtildea plusmnsm aami bishbaas kari

you believe yrsaquosb scregAtildea plusmnjmAacute (plusmnm) tumi bishbaas karo (kara)

he believes Ecirc scregAtildea plusmnjm se bishbaas kare

3 You believe Aazsp scregAtildea plusmnjmp aapani bishbaas karen

he believes sysp scregAtildea plusmnjmp tini bishbaas karen

4 He creates sysp hsoslash plusmnjmp tini srristi karen

5 Jehovah delivers snjatildeacAacute mntildeAacute plusmnjmp yihobaa raksaa karen

6 He destroys this world sysp J cedilsup3ugrave OcentEgrave plusmnjmp tini e jaagat dhvandegsa karen

7 They make many prayers yamAacute (yaatildeamAacute) Ajpplusmn lsquozauiacutepAacute plusmnjm taahaaraa (taaraa) anek praarthanaa kare

8 People of false religion make war vrsaquonot [sbuordmAacute] ojbiacutem Ecircnotaplusmn nfAuml plusmnjm bhul [mithyaa] dharmer lok

yuddha kare

Study 15 [See also idioms in Study 54]

1 We are pleased AabmAacute Pszligoslash atildeS aamaraa santusta hai

2 (It) feels cold regdy notajsup3 shiit laage

3 (It) takes time bfrac12 notajsup3 samay laage

We spend time there aamaraa okhaane samay laagaai

AabmAacute Lsup2ajp bfrac12 notasup3aS 4 He comes back Ecirc sxjm (sxsmfrac12Aacute) Aaj se phire (phiriyaa) aase

5 He goes away Ecirc parajnot (parasnotfrac12Aacute) nafrac12 se cale (caliyaa) yaay

6 That builds up our faith

yAacute (yaatildeAacute) Aabajim scregAtildea sup3jE (sup3sEfrac12Aacute) Ecircyajnot taa (taahaa) aamaader bishbaas gare (gariyaa) tole



NB The Verb Endings in the Present Tense-

Person

1st 2nd 3rd

2nd Honorific or

3rd Honorific

After a Stem

Ending in a

Consonant

After a Stem

ending in a

Vowel

1 I we Aasb aami

AabmAacute aamaraa

-S -i -S -i

2 you YOU yrsaquosb tumi EcircyabmAacute tomaraa

-Ecirc-Aacute -o

(- [=A] -a)

-Ecirc-Aacute -o

3 he

she they

it they

Ecirc se

yamAacute taaraa

(yaatildeamAacute taahaaraa)

yAacute (yaatildeAacute) taa

(taahaa) yamAacute taaraa


-Ecirc- -e -frac12 -y

N you YOU

he

she they

Aazsp aapani

AazpamAacute aapanaaraa

sysp tini

yIumlamAacute tâaraa

(yIumlaatildeamAacute tâahaaraa)

-Ecirc-p -en -p -n

Study 16 1 When do we see you AabmAacute plusmnsup2p Ecircyabajplusmn Ecircissup2 aamaraa kakhan tomaake dekhi

2 When they come then we study the Bible

yamAacute (yaatildeamAacute) nsup2p Aaj AabmAacute ysup2p naS| taaraa (taahaaraa) yakhan aase aamaraa takhan yaai

3 This time period is bad J plusmnanot bethi e kaal manda

4 Come this week on Wednesday in the morning

J zUgraveaatilde Aafp cfAumlcam plusmnajnot e saptaah aasun buddhabaar sakaale

5 Yesterday today tomorrow sup3y plusmnanot Aacediljplusmn Aasup3abd plusmnanot gata kaal aaj-ke aagaamii kaal

6 What is the address of our Hall Aabajim atildejnotm swplusmnapAacute splusmn aamaader haler thikaanaa ki

Study 17 1 Do you know that we do not make war

yrsaquosb splusmn cedilajpAacute (cedilap) Ecircn AabmAacute nfAuml plusmnsm pAacute tumi ki jaana (jaano) ye aamaraa yuddha kari naa

Study 18 1 Are we perfect or sinful AabmAacute splusmn sAuml pAacute AsAuml aamaraa ki siddha naa asiddha

2 Is this world good - or not J cedilsup3ugrave splusmn vajnotAacute (vanot) - pAacute splusmn e jagat ki bhaalo (bhaala) - naa ki

Study 19



1 The books of various religions are many scsvpETH ojbiacutem cSOacutejnotAacute Ajpplusmn Aajmiddot bibhinna dharmer

baigulo anek aache

2 The childrens parents are here Ecircmiddotjnotjbjfrac12jim szyabayAacute Jsup2ajp Aajmiddot chelemeyeder pitaamaataa

ekhaane aache

3 Are these religions fruits good or bad J obiacuteOacutejnotam xnot splusmn vajnotAacute (vanot) pAacute bethi e dharmagulor

phal ki bhaala naa manda

4 We want the deliverance of the righteous AabmAacute oasbiacuteplusmnjim bfsraquoM paraaS aamaraa dhaarmik-der

mukti caai

Study 20 1 What is this J plusmnd e kii

2 Violence is the result of what satildeEgraveAacute splusmnjm xnotIcirc hindegsaa kiser phal

3 In what do you hope yrsaquosb splusmnj scregAtildea plusmnjmAacute (plusmnm) tumi kise bishbaas karo (kara)

4 How do you know Ecircplusmnbp plusmnjm cedilajpp keman kare jaanen

5 Which sayings are true plusmnd plusmnd (splusmn splusmn) plusmnuAacute yordm atildefrac12 kii kii (ki ki) kathaa satya hay

6 Why do you say that Aazsp Ecircplusmnp yAacute (yaatildeAacute) cjnotp

aapani kena taa (taahaa) balen

Study 21 1 In the picture there is a woman and three daughters

sparajecirc [pplusmnregafrac12 middotscjy] Jplusmn Aringograved JcEgrave syp Ecircbjfrac12 Aajmiddot| citre [nakashaay chabite] ek strii ebandeg tin meye aache

2 In our book there is a chapter on this very subject Aabajim cSjy JS sciquestjfrac12 Jplusmnsq Aoordmafrac12 Aajmiddot| aamaader baite ei bisaye ek-ti adhyaay aache

3 We do a chapter on Friday AabmAacute eumlecircMcajm Jplusmnsq Aoordmafrac12 plusmnsm| aamaraa shukrabaare ek-ti adhyaay kari

4 We see many religions Is one alone right Ajpplusmn obiacute Ecircissup2| JplusmnqAacuteS splusmn suplusmn atildefrac12

anek dharma dekhi ek-taa-i ki thik hay

5 What is the effect of these prayers

J lsquozauiacutepaOacutejnotam lsquozvac plusmnd e praarthanaagulor prabhaab kii

Study 22 and 23 1 We want peace and security AabmAacute regasPUgrave L spmazraquoAacute paraaS

aamaraa shaanti o niraapattaa caai

2 They get trouble and hardship yamAacute (yaatildeamAacute) plusmnoslash L AfscoAacute zafrac12| taahaaraa (taaraa) kasta o

asubidhaa paay

3 Many leaders oppress the people Ajpplusmn ojbiacutem EcircpyamAacute Ecircnotaplusmnjplusmn Ayordmaparaam plusmnjm| anek dharmer netaaraa lok-ke atyaacaar kare

4 Those leaders works are bad K Ecircpyajim plusmnacedil bethi

ee netaader kaaj manda

5 Their result is peoples trouble yajim (yaatildeajim) xnot Ecircnotaplusmnjim plusmnoslash atildefrac12 taader (taahaader) phal

lok-der kasta hay

6 Does a propiatory sacrifice give us a ransom Jplusmnsq lsquozafrac12socircpararaquo csnotiap splusmn Aabajimjplusmn bfsraquoMm bgnotordm Ecircifrac12

ek-ti praayashcitta balidaan ki aamaader-ke muktir muulya dey

7 His love comes to the faithful [See Declension on Pronouns Note 6 in the dictionary] yIumlam (yIumlaatildeam) Ecirclsquozb scregAtildeadjim plusmnajmiddot Aaj|



tâar (tâahaar) prem bishbaasiider kaache aase

8 Through him we learn the truth (Case I1)

AabmAacute yIumlam (yIumlaatildeam) plusmnyŸiacuteplusmn yordm sregssup2| aamaraa tâar (tâahaar) kartrrik satya shikhi

([or] AabmAacute yIumlam (yIumlaatildeam) IAtildeamAacute yordm sregssup2|

aamaraa tâar (tâahaar) dvaaraa satya shikhi)

9 Through his love we gain forgiveness (Case I2) yIumlam (yIumlaatildeam) Ecirclsquozb IAtildeamAacute AabmAacute ntildebAacute zaS|

tâar (tâahaar) prem dvaaraa aamaraa ksamaa paai

([or] yIumlam (yIumlaatildeam) Ecirclsquozb sijfrac12sifrac12Aacute AabmAacute ntildebAacute zaS|

tâar (tâahaar) prem diyediyaa aamaraa ksamaa paai)

10 We desire freedom from our sins

AabmAacute Aabajim zazOacutejnotAacute Ecircujplusmnatildejy bfsraquoM paraaS| aamaraa aamaader paap-gulo thekehate mukti caai

([or] AabmAacute Aabajim zazplusmnnot atildeSjy bfsraquoM paraaS aamaraa aamaader paap-sakal haite mukti caai)

11 Our message comes from God

Aabajim Egravecai DregAtildem atildejyEcircujplusmn Aaj| aamaader sandegbaad iishbar hatetheke aase

( Aabajim Egravecai DregAtildem atildeSjy Aaj|

aamaader sandegbaad iishbar haite aase)

[ or Ecircsup2aiAacute khodaa]

12 We see love in our meetings among our brothers and sisters

AabmAacute Aabajim vaOacutejnotajy Aabajim vaSjcapEcircim bjoordm Ecirclsquozb Ecircissup2| aamaraa aamaader sabhaagulote aamaader bhaaibon-der madhye prem dekhi

Study 24 1 Love is indeed among us Ecirclsquozb Aabajim bjoordmS Aajmiddot| prem aamaader madhyei aache

2 This indeed [is] our life JS (SatildeaS) Aabajim cedildcp| ei (ihaai) aamaader jiiban

3 They believe in this one

yamAacute JIumljy scregAtildea plusmnjm| taaraa e^te bishbaas kare

(yaatildeamAacute SIumlatildeajy scregAtildea plusmnjm| taahaaraa i^haate bishbaas kare) 4 In this one do we not see sin JIumljy (SIumlatildeajy) AabmAacute splusmn

zaz Ecircissup2 pAacute e^te (i^haate) aamaraa ki paap dekhi naa

5 Among those ones people do not learn peace Ljim (Fatildeajim) bjoordm Ecircnotajplusmn regasPUgrave sregjsup2 pAacute| oder (uhaader) madhye loke shaanti shikhe naa

Study 25 1 This message is for you J Egravecai Ecircyabam cedilethicirc

Aajmiddot| e sandegbaad tomaar janya aache

2 Below the picture what do you read

Aazsp middotscm [pplusmnregamsparajecircm] pdjpara plusmnd Ecircijsup2p aapani chabir [nakashaarcitrer] niice kii dekhen

3 We keep our faith until the end of this world AabmAacute J cedilsup3jym Ecircregiquest zniacuteordmPUgrave Aabajim scregAtildea massup2| aamaraa e jagater shes paryyanta aamaader bishbaas raakhi

4 In front of us are many troubles Aabajim Bšfjsup2 Ajpplusmn plusmnoslash Aajmiddot| aamaader sammukhe anek kasta aache



5 We speak about love AabmAacute Ecirclsquozb BAtildejiuml csnot| aamaraa prem sambandhe bali

6 These wars occur because of hatred J nfAumljnotAacute acutehtam plusmnamjt acutejq| e yuddhagulo ghrrinaar kaarane ghate

7 Despite their religion they fight yajim obiacute jraquocentL yamAacute nfAuml plusmnjm| taader dharma sattbeo taaraa yuddha kare

(yaatildeajim obiacute jraquocentL yaatildeamAacute nfAuml plusmnjm| taahaader dharma sattbeo taahaaraa yuddha kare)

8 Apart from this we do not know another reason J cordmsyjmjplusmn AabmAacute Aam Ecircplusmnap plusmnamt cedilasp pAacute| e byatireke aamaraa aar kona kaaran jaani naa

Study 26 Short Form 1 What will he do sysp plusmnd plusmnmjcp tini kii kar-ben

2 We will go now AabmAacute Jsup2p nac| aamaraa ekhan yaaba

3 Will you be there Aazsp splusmn Lsup2ajp atildejcp aapani ki okhaane haben

4 This name will stand forever J pab ApPUgrave plusmnanot iIumlamajc| e naam ananta kaal dâaraabe

5 Will you speak to him next week yrsaquosb splusmn Aasup3abd zUgraveaatilde yajplusmn cnotjc tumi ki aagaamii saptaah

taake bal-be

6 The faithful will gain salvation scregAtildeadmAacute zsmecircat zajc| bishbaasiiraa paritraan paabe

Study 26 Long Form 1 What will he do sysp plusmnd plusmnsmjcp tini kii kariben

2 We will go now AabmAacute Jsup2p naSc aamaraa ekhan yaaiba

3 Will you be there Aazsp splusmn Lsup2ajp atildeSjcp aapani ki okhaane haiben

4 This name will stand forever J pab ApPUgrave plusmnanot iIumlamaSjc| e naam ananta kaal dâaraaibe

5 Will you speak to him next week

yrsaquosb splusmn Aasup3abd zUgraveaatilde yaatildeajplusmn csnotjc tumi ki aagaamii saptaah taahaake balibe

6 The faithful will gain salvation scregAtildeadmAacute zsmecircat zaSjc| bishbaasiiraa paritraan paaibe

Study 27 and 28 Long Form 1 We are speaking about this work

AabmAacute J plusmnacedil BAtildeŒjo csnotjysmiddot| aamaraa e kaaj sambandhe balitechi

2 My father is sleeping Aabam szyAacute (cacAacute) acutefbaSjyjmiddotp| aamaar pitaa [baabaa] ghumaaitechen

3 My mother is cooking

Aabam bIumlAacute [bayAacute] mapETHAacute plusmnsmjyjmiddotp| aamaar mâa [maataa] raannaa karitechen

4 I am just now going out

Aasb Jsup2pS casatildejm [caSjmEcirccm] naSjysmiddot| aami ekhan-i baahire [baaireber] yaaitechi

5 This message is giving hope J Egravecai AaregAacute sijyjmiddot| e sandegbaad aashaa diteche

6 What are you eating yrsaquosb plusmnd sup2aSjymiddot



tumi kii khaaitecha

Study 29 Short Form 1 We are speaking about this work AabmAacute J plusmnacedil BAtildejiuml cnotsmiddot| aamaraa e kaaj sambandhe bal-chi

2 My father is sleeping Aabam szyAacute [cacAacute] acutefbajoacutemiddotp| aamaar pitaa [baabaa] ghumaacchen

3 My mother is cooking Aabam bAacute mapETHAacute plusmnmjmiddotp| aamaar maa raannaa kar-chen

4 I am just now going out Aasb Jsup2pS caSjm [Ecirccm] nasoacutemiddot| aami ekhan-i baaire [ber] yaacchi

5 This message is giving hope J Egravecai AaregAacute sijoacutemiddot| e sandegbaad aashaa dicche

6 What are you eating yrsaquosb plusmnd sup2ajoacutemiddotAacute tumi kii khaaccho

Study 30 1 Can you read Bengali Aazsp splusmn caEgravenotAacute zEjy (zsEjy)| aapani ki baandeglaa parite (par-te) paaren

2 Do you want to speak English yrsaquosb splusmn SEgravejmcedild cnotjy (csnotjy) paraaL tumi ki indegrejii bal-te (balite) caao

3 We can give proof that our message is good AabmAacute lsquozbat sijy zasm Ecircn Aabajim Egravecai vajnotAacute (vanot)| aamaraa pramaan dite paari ye aamaader sandegbaad bhaalo (bhaala)

4 I try to speak Bengali

Aasb caEgravenotAacute cnotjy (csnotjy) EcircparaoslashAacute plusmnsm| aami baandeglaa bal-te (balite) cestaa kari

Study 31 1 Normally they do not want to listen

aoamty yamAacute Ecircregapjy [eumlpjyfpjy] paraafrac12 pAacute| saadhaaranatahh taaraa shon-te [shun-tesun-te] caay naa (aoamty yaatildeamAacute Ecircregaspjy [eumlspjyfspjy] paraafrac12 pAacute) saadhaaranatahh taahaaraa shonite [shunitesunite] caay naa)

2 Perhaps a few will listen today atildefrac12 EcircyAacute AlUacute Ecircnotaplusmn [plusmnjfrac12plusmn cedilp] Aacediljplusmn Ecircregapjc| hay to alpa lok [kayek jan] aaj-ke shon-be

(atildefrac12 y AlUacute Ecircnotaplusmn [plusmnjfrac12plusmn cedilp] Aacediljplusmn Ecircregaspjc

hay ta alpa lok [kayek jan] aaj-ke shonibe)

3 As we come regularly we will know the people spfrac12sby vajc Aajy Aajy AabmAacute Ecircnotaplusmnjplusmn cedilapc [sparapc]| niyamita bhaabe aas-te aas-te aamaraa lok-ke jaan-ba [cin-ba]

(spfrac12sby vajc Aasjy Aasjy AabmAacute Ecircnotaplusmnjplusmn cedilaspc [sparaspc]

niyamita bhaabe aasite aasite aamaraa lok-ke jaaniba [ciniba])

4 Possibly some will want to be our brothers BOumlcy splusmnmiddotrsaquo Ecircnotaplusmn Aabajim vaS atildejy paraaSjc| sambhabata kichu lok aamaader bhaai hate caaibe (BOumlcy splusmnmiddotrsaquo Ecircnotaplusmn Aabajim vaS atildeSjy paraaSjc

sambhabatahh kichu lok aamaader bhaai haite caaibe)

Study 32 1 We want peace but we get disturbance AabmAacute regasPUgrave paraaS splusmnPszlig AregasPUgrave zaS| aamaraa shaanti caai

kintu ashaanti paai



2 The righteous and the unrighteous become unwell

oasbiacutejplusmnmAacute JcEgrave AoasbiacutejplusmnmAacute AfAringOtilde atildefrac12 [or atildejfrac12 zjE]| dhaarmikeraa ebandeg adhaarmikeraa asustha hay [or haye pare]

3 For an imperfect man everlasting life is impossible AsAuml bapfjiquestm cedilethicirc ApPUgrave cedildcp ABOumlc atildefrac12| asiddha maanuser janya ananta jiiban asambhab hay

4 He was not without sin Ecirc zazatildedp smiddotnot pAacute| se paap-hiin chila naa

5 A person without spirit is dead and faith without works is dead

AaYšascatildedp cordmsraquoM bhy JcEgrave plusmnbiacutescatildedp [plusmnacedilscatildedp] scregAtildea bhy| aatmaabihiin byakti mrrita ebandeg karmabihiin [kaaj-bihiin] bishbaas mrrita

Study 33 1 [Option 1] I am not a perfect man Aasb sAuml bapfiquest pS (psatilde)|

aami siddha maans nai (nahi) 2 [Option 1] He is not my father he is my big brother

Ecirc Aabam szyAacute pfrac12 (pjatilde) Ecirc Aabam vaS| se aamaar pitaa nay (nahe) se aamaar bhaai

3 [Option 1] They think that we are not your neighbours

yamAacute (yaatildeamAacute) bjp plusmnjm Ecircn AabmAacute Ecircyabajim lsquozsyjcregdmAacute pS (psatilde)| taaraa (taahaaraa) mane kare ye aamaraa tomaader pratibeshiiraa nai (nahi)

4 [Option 1] Is that not so yaS pfrac12 splusmn (yaatildeaS pjatilde splusmn) taai nay ki (taahaai nahe ki)

5 [Option 1] He is not of this world Ecirc J cedilsup3jym pfrac12 (pjatilde)|

se e jagater nay (nahe)

6 [Option 2] In this world there is no peace J cedilsup3jy regasPUgrave EcircpS (paS)| e jagate shaanti nei (naai)

7 [Option 2] His mother is not [= He has no mother]

yam bAacute EcircpS| (yaatildeam bAacute paS|) taar maa nei (taahaar maa naai)

8 [Option 2] In him there is no bad work

yIumlajy bethi plusmnacedil EcircpS| (yIumlaatildeajy bethi plusmnacedil paS|) tâate manda kaaj nei (tâahaate manda kaaj naai)

9 [Option 2] There is no man like this Jbp EcircplusmnajpAacute bapfiquest EcircpS| (Jbp Ecircplusmnap bapfiquest paS|) eman kono maanus nei (eman kona maanus naai)

10 [Option 3] That work is absolutely not good J plusmnacedil vajnotAacute (vanot) pAacute| e kaaj bhaalo (bhaala) naa

11 I do not understand Aasb cfssup1 pAacute| aami bujhi naa

12 He will not go Ecirc najc (naSjc) pAacute| se yaabe (yaaibe) naa

13 YOU are not listening

EcircyabmAacute eumlpjmiddotAacute pAacute| (EcircyabmAacute eumlpjymiddot pAacute|) tomaraa shun-cho naa (tomaraa shun-techa naa)

Study 34 1 We prayed AabmAacute lsquozauiacutepAacute plusmnmnotab (plusmnsmnotab)|

aamaraa praarthanaa kar-laam (karilaam)

We studied AabmAacute Aoordmfrac12p plusmnmnotab (plusmnsmnotab)|

aamaraa adhyayan kar-laam (karilaam)

2 She was ill Ecirc AfAringOtilde smiddotjnotAacute (smiddotnot)|

se asustha chilo (chila)

She was not in the meeting Ecirc vajy [vafrac12] smiddotjnotAacute (smiddotnot) pAacute| se sabhaate [sabhaay] chilo (chila) naa

3 My father went away today



Aabam szyAacute [cacAacute] Aacediljplusmn parajnot Ecircsup3jnotp| aamaar pitaa [baabaa] aaj-ke cale gelen

(Aabam szyAacute Aacediljplusmn parasnotfrac12Aacute Ecircsup3jnotp| aamaar pitaa aaj-ke caliyaa gelen)

He went into work Ecirc plusmnajcedil Ecircsup3jnotAacute (Ecircsup3not) se kaaje gelo (gela)

4 You ate a little but you got a lot yrsaquosb AlUacute Ecircsup2jfrac12jmiddotAacute splusmnPszlig Ajpplusmn Ecirczjfrac12jmiddotAacute| tumi alpa kheyecho kintu anek peyecho

(yrsaquosb AlUacute sup2aSfrac12amiddot splusmnPszlig Ajpplusmn zaSfrac12amiddot|) tumi alpa khaaiyaacha kintu anek paaiyaacha

5 They stood there yIumlamAacute Lsup2ajp iIumlamajnotAacute| tâaraa okhaane dâaraalo (yIumlaatildeamAacute Lplusmnajp iIumlamaSnot tâahaaraa okhaane dâaraaila)

They showed that book

yIumlamAacute K cS Ecircisup2ajnotAacute| tâaraa ee bai dekhaalo

(yIumlaatildeamAacute K cS Ecircisup2aSnot| tâahaaraa ee bai dekhaaila)

6 Our brother gave the message Aabajim vaS Egravecaisq sijnotp|

aamaader bhaai sandegbaad-ti dilen

The man took a book

bapfiquestsq Jplusmnsq cS spjnotAacute (spnot)| [or Ecirc bapfiquest Jplusmnsq hellip] maanus-ti ekti bai nilo (nila) [or se maanus ek-ti hellip]

Study 35 1 They did this yamAacute J plusmnmjnotAacute| taaraa e kar-lo

(yaatildeamAacute J plusmnsmnot taahaaraa e karila)

They did not do that yamAacute K plusmnjm sp| taaraa ee kare ni (yaatildeamAacute K plusmnjm paS| taahaaraa ee kare naai)

2 He went into work Ecirc plusmnajcedil Ecircsup3jnotAacute (Ecircsup3not)| se kaaje gela (gelo)

He did not go to the meeting Ecirc vafrac12 nafrac12 sp (paS) se sabhaay yaay ni (naai)

3 The son wanted a study but his parents did not want our message Ecircmiddotjnotsq Jplusmnsq Aoordmfrac12p paraaSjnotAacute splusmnPszlig yam cacabIumlAacute Aabajim Egravecai paraafrac12 sp| cheleti ek-ti adhyayan caailo kintu taar baabaamâa aamaader sandegbaad caay ni (Ecircmiddotjnotsq Jplusmnsq Aoordmfrac12p paraaSnot splusmnPszlig yaatildeam szyabayAacute Aabajim Egravecai paraafrac12 paS| cheleti ek-ti adhyayan caaila kintu taahaar pitaamaataa aamaader sandegbaad caay naai)

Study 36 1 If you come then I will show you

yrsaquosb nsi AajAacute [Aajc] yjc Aasb Ecircyabajplusmn Ecircisup2ajcAacute| tumi yadi aaso [aas-be] tabe aami tomaake dekhaabo

(yrsaquosb nsi Aa [Aasjc] yjc Aasb Ecircyabajplusmn Ecircisup2aSc|

tumi yadi aasa [aasibe] tabe aami tomaake dekhaaiba)

2 If they kill their fellow-believers how will God be pleased yamAacute nsi yajim atildescregAtildeadjim atildeyordmAacute plusmnjm yjc Ecircsup2aiAacute Ecircplusmnbp plusmnjm Pszligoslash atildejcp taaraa yadi taader sahabishbaasiider hatyaa kare tabe khodaa keman kare santusta haben

(yaatildeamAacute nsi yaatildeajim atildescregAtildeadjim atildeyordmAacute plusmnjm yjc Ecircsup2aiAacute Ecircplusmnbp plusmnsmfrac12Aacute Pszligoslash atildeSjcp

taahaaraa yadi taahaader sahabishbaasiider hatyaa kare tabe khodaa keman kariyaa santusta

haiben)

3 If we do not clean our lives then who will listen to our prayers

AabmAacute nsi Aabajim cedildcp[Ecircplusmn] eumlspara pAacute plusmnsm yjc Ecircplusmn Aabajim lsquozauiacutepaOacutejnotAacute eumlpjcp (eumlspjcp)| [ or plusmnmjcAacute (plusmnsmc)] aamaraa yadi aamaader jiiban[ke] shuci naa kari tabe ke aamaader praarthanaagulo shuniben

(shun-ben)

[ or kariba (kar-bo)]



4 If all these ones do not say just one thing among them there are liars

JmAacute nsi plusmnjnot JplusmnS plusmnuAacute pAacute cjnot yjc yajim (yaatildeajim) bjoordm sbuordmacaid Aajmiddot eraa yadi sakale ek-i kathaa naa bale tabe taader (taahaader) madhye mithyaabaadii aache

5 If we love him then we will obey his commandments

AabmAacute nsi yIumlajplusmn Ecirclsquozb plusmnsm yjc AabmAacute yIumlam AaiexclaOacutejnotAacute zanotp plusmnmjcAacute| aamaraa yadi tâake prem kari tabe aamaraa tâar aajnaagulo [aagyaagulo] paalan kar-bo

(AabmAacute nsi yIumlaatildeajplusmn Ecirclsquozb plusmnsm yjc AabmAacute yIumlaatildeam AaiexclaOacutejnotAacute zanotp plusmnsmc| aamaraa yadi tâahaake prem kari tabe aamaraa tâahaar aajnaagulo [aagyaagulo] paalan kariba)

Study 37 1 With this all will know that we are his disciples

Jjy caS cedilapjc Ecircn AabmAacute yIumlam sregiquestordm | ete sabaai jaan-be ye aamaraa tâar shisya

(Satildeajy plusmnjnot cedilaspjc Ecircn AabmAacute yIumlaatildeam sregiquestordm | ihaate sakale jaanibe ye aamaraa tâahaar shisya )

[ no need to say sregjiquestordmmAacute shisyeraa

2 Many say that the time of this world is reduced

Ajpjplusmn cjnot Ecircn J cedilsup3jym bfrac12 EgravesntildezUgrave| aneke balee ye e jagater samay sandegksipta

3 People say that their religion is right Ecircnotajplusmn cjnot Ecircn yajim (yaatildeajim) obiacute swplusmn| loke bale ye taader (taahaader) dharma thik

4 The worlds situation shows that people do not love one another

cedilsup3jym AcAringOtildeAacute Ecircisup2afrac12 Ecircn Ecircnotajplusmn zmAringUacutem Ecirclsquozb plusmnjm pAacute| jagater abasthaa dekhaay ye loke paraspar prem kare naa

[ or Jjplusmn Aethicircjplusmn eke anyake

or Jjplusmn Azmjplusmn eke apar-ke]

5 Everyone will get a nice place of residence and work

plusmnjnot vajnotAacute caAringOtildeap L plusmnacedil zajc| sakale bhaalo baasasthaan o kaaj paabe

(plusmnjnot vanot caAringOtildeap L plusmnacedil zaSjc|

sakale bhaala baasasthaan o kaaj paaibe)

Study 38 1 What do you want plusmnd paraaL kii caao

2 What [=That which] you showed [that indeed] I want

yrsaquosb nAacute Ecircisup2ajnot yaS paraaS tumi yaa dekhaale taai caai

(yrsaquosb naatildeAacute Ecircisup2aSjnot yaatildeaS paraaS tumi yaahaa dekhaaile taahaai caai)

3 Where were you yrsaquosb Ecircplusmnauafrac12 smiddotjnot tumi kothaay chile

4 Where [= into which place] you sent me there [into that place indeed] I went

yrsaquosb Ecircnsup2ajp Aabajplusmn zawajnot (zawaSjnot) Ecircsup2ajpS Aasb Ecircsup3notab| tumi yekhaane aamaake paathaale (paathaaile) sekhaane-i aami gelaam

5 When did you come yrsaquosb plusmnjc Aajnot tumi kabe aas-le

(yrsaquosb plusmnsup2p Aasjnot tumi kakhan aasile)

[ or Jjnot ele]

6 When [=At which time] you called then [at that time] I came

tumi yakhan daak-le takhan-i aami aas-laam

(tumi yakhan daakile takhan-i aami aasilaam)

[ or Ecircn bjfrac12 ye samaye]

[ or AaSnotabJnotab aailaamelaam]

7 WHO will get Jehovahs blessings



Ecircplusmn snjatildeacam AaregdciacuteaiOacutejnotAacute zajc (zaSjc)| ke yihobaar aashiirbaad-gulo paabe (paaibe)

8 Those who [=Which ones] follow his will [these ones] make him happy

namAacute yIumlam SoacutemiddotAacute zanotp plusmnjm JmAacute yIumlajplusmn Aapsethiy plusmnjm| yaaraa tâar icchaa paalan kare eraa tâake aanandita kare

(naatildeamAacute yIumlaatildeam SoacutemiddotAacute zanotp plusmnjm SatildeamAacute yIumlaatildeajplusmn Aapsethiy plusmnjm| yaahaaraa tâahaar icchaa paalan kare

ihaaraa tâahaake aanandita kare)

Study 39 1 We will wait until that time

AabmAacute Ecirc bfrac12 zniacutePUgrave AjzntildeAacute plusmnmjcAacute| aamaraa se samay paryanta apeksaa kar-bo

(AabmAacute Ecirc bfrac12 zniacuteordmPUgrave AjzntildeAacute plusmnsmc|

aamaraa se samay paryyanta apeksaa kariba)

2 He will be with us until that time comes [while that time does not come]

sysp Aabajim jaring atildejcp Ecircn zniacutePUgrave Ecirc bfrac12 pAacute Aj| tini aamaader sansup1ge haben ye paryanta se samay naa aase

(sysp Aabajim jaring atildeSjcp nsup2p zniacuteordmPUgrave Ecirc bfrac12 pAacute Aaj|

tini aamaader sansup1ge haiben yakhan paryyanta se samay naa aase)

3 How long have you been in this country

yrsaquosb plusmny sip J Ecircijreg AajmiddotAacute tumi kata din e deshe aacho

(yrsaquosb plusmny sip J Ecircijreg AajmiddotAacute tumi kata din e deshe aacha )

[ or ba maas or cugravem batsar]

[ or uajplusmnAacute thaako (uaplusmn thaaka)]

Study 40 1 I came to give [giving] you good news

Aasb Aazpajplusmn fbaparaam sijy Jjsmiddot (Aasfrac12asmiddot)| aami aapanaake susamaacaar dite esechi (aasiyaachi)

2 We are coming to give [for the sake of giving so as to give] hope

AabmAacute AaregAacute sicam cedilethicirc Aasmiddot (Aasjysmiddot)| aamaraa aashaa dibaar janya aas-chi (aasitechi)

3 We will come again next Friday [for the purpose] that you gain more knowledge

AabmAacute Aasup3abd eumlecircMcam AajcAacute (Aasc) Ecircnp yrsaquosb AamL iexclap zajc (zaSjc)| aamaraa aagaamii shukrabaar aas-bo (aasiba) yena tumi aar-o jnaan [gyaan] paabe (paaibe)

4 Our brother asks more questions at the end [for the purpose] that we do not forget

Aabajim vaS Ecircregjiquest AamL lsquozregETH scediliexclaAacute plusmnjmp Ecircnp AabmAacute pAacute vrsaquosnot| aamaader bhaai shese aar-o prashna jijnaasaa [jigyaasaa] karen yena aamaraa naa bhuli

5 He asks again lest we forget

sysp Aacam scediliexclaAacute plusmnjmp zajmiddot AabmAacute Ecircvasnot| tini aabaar jijnaasaa [jigyaasaa] karen paache aamaraa bholi

6 I will call again before Saturday lest [so as to prevent that] you do not remember

Aasb regspcajmm Aajsup3 Aacam eaplusmnjcAacute (easplusmnc) zajmiddot yrsaquosb Aringšmt pAacute plusmnjmAacute (plusmnm)| aami shanibaarer aage aabaar daak-bo (daakiba) paache tumi smaran naa karo (kara)

Study 41 1 Many die because people make war Ajpplusmn bjm plusmnamt Ecircnotajplusmn nfAuml plusmnjm| aneke mare kaaran loke yuddha kare

2 Our brothers and sisters keep peace because we love one another

Aabajim vaSjcajpmAacute regasPUgrave majsup2 EcircplusmnppAacute AabmAacute zmAringUacutem Ecirclsquozb plusmnsm| aamaader bhaaiboneraa shaanti raakhe kenanaa aamaraa paraspar prem kari



3 Given that YOUR word is true YOU will always love one another

Ecircyabam plusmnuAacute swplusmn atildefrac12 cjnot EcircyabmAacute c bfrac12 zmAringUacutem Ecirclsquozb plusmnmjc (plusmnsmjc)| tomaar kathaa thik hay bale tomaraa sab samay paraspar prem kar-be (karibe)

4 [In the situation of] God being almighty his name will stand forever

Ecircsup2aiAacute ciacuteregsraquoMbap atildeLfrac12ajy yIumlam pab ApPUgrave plusmnanot iIumlaEajc| khodaa sarbashaktimaan haoyaate tâar naam ananta kaal dâaraabe

(Ecircsup2aiAacute CAtildeiacuteregsraquoMbap atildeLfrac12ajy yIumlaatildeam pab ApPUgrave plusmnanot iIumlamaSjc|

khodaa sarbbashaktimaan haoyaate tâahaar naam ananta kaal dâaraaibe)

[ or atildeLfrac12afrac12 haoyaay]

Study 42 1 You did not answer so I went away

yrsaquosb Fraquom EcirciL sp yaS Aasb parajnot Ecircsup3notab| tumi uttar deo ni taai aami cale gelaam

(yrsaquosb Fraquom siL paS yaS Aasb parasnotfrac12Aacute Ecircsup3notab|

tumi uttar dio naai taai aami caliyaa gelaam)

2 I was ill consequently I could not come

Aasb AfAringOtilde smiddotnotab fymaEgrave Aajy zasm sp| aami asustha chilaam

sutaraandeg aas-te paari ni

(Aasb AfAringOtilde smiddotnotab fymaEgrave Aasjy zasm paS|

aami asustha chilaam sutaraandeg aasite paari naai)

3 They do not read this book so they dont rely on it

yamAacute J cS zjE pAacute Ecirccedilethicirc yamAacute yam Fzjm spviacutem plusmnjm pAacute| taaraa e bai pare naa sejanya taaraa taar upare nirbhar kare naa

(yaatildeamAacute J cS zjE pAacute Ecirccedilethicirc yaatildeamAacute yaatildeam Fzjm spvm plusmnjm pAacute| taahaaraa e bai pare naa sejanya taahaaraa taahaar upare nirbhar kare naa)

[ or yajy taate (yaatildeajy taahaate)] 4 You do not believe in anything at all therefore you have no hope

yrsaquosb splusmnmiddotrsaquoSjy scregAtildea plusmnjmAacute pAacute AyJc Ecircyabam AaregAacute EcircpS| tumi kichuite bishbaas karo naa ataeb tomaar aashaa nei

(yrsaquosb splusmnmiddotrsaquoSjy scregAtildea plusmnm pAacute AyJc Ecircyabam AaregAacute paS|

tumi kichuite bishbaas kara naa ataeb tomaar aashaa naai)

5 Each person is involved in the issue of Jehovahs sovereignty

lsquozjyordmplusmn cordmsraquoM snjatildeacam aCAtildeiacutejvagravebjYAtildem sciquestjfrac12 cedilsEy Aajmiddot| pratyek byakti yihobaar sarbbabhoomatber bisaye jarita aache

Study 43 1 Come [wont you]

AaL pAacute JL pAacute aas-o naa es-o naa

(AaSL pAacute aais-o naa)

2 You must come

AaL JjAacute aa-so eso (AasL aasio)

3 You will come

AaEcircc Aajc aasbe aas-be (Aasjc aasibe)

4 Do not come AaEcircc pAacute Aajc pAacute aasbe naa aas-be naa

(Aasjc pAacute aasibe naa

5 Lets come Aas aasi

6 Let him come

Aafplusmn Jfplusmn aasuk esuk (AaSfplusmn aaisuk)

7 Be it that you come to Jehovah

yrsaquosb Ecircnp snjatildeacam plusmnajmiddot AajAacute (Aa) tumi yena yihobaar

kaache aaso (aasa)

[ or JjAacute eso]



Study 44 1 bull Did she see you

Ecirc splusmn Ecircyabajplusmn Ecircisup2jnotAacute (Ecircissup2not) se ki tomaake dekh-lo (dekhila) bull No she didnt

pAacute Ecirc Aabajplusmn Ecircijsup2 sp (paS) naa se aamaake dekhe ni (naai)

2 bull Can you come tomorrow

yrsaquosb splusmn Aasup3abd plusmnanot Aajy zajmAacute tumi ki aagaamii kaal aas-te paaro

(yrsaquosb splusmn Aasup3abd plusmnanot Aasjy zam tumi ki aagaamii kaal aasite paara)

bull No I cant

pAacute Aasb Aajy (Aasjy) zasm pAacute| naa aami aas-te (aasite) paari naa

[or omit ldquoAasb Aajy (Aasjy)rdquo ldquoaami aas-te (aasite)rdquo ]

Study 45 1 [Short form]

Done

plusmnjm kare

come

Aaj Jj aase ese

eaten


slept

acutefsbjfrac12 ghumiye

been

atildejfrac12 haye

taken

spjfrac12 niye

gone

ssup3jfrac12 giye

2 (Long form

Done

plusmnsmfrac12Aacute kariyaa

come

AasSfrac12Aacute aasiyaa

eaten

sup2aSfrac12Aacute khaaiyaa

slept

acutefbaSfrac12Aacute ghumaaiyaa

been

atildeIcircSfrac12Aacute haiyaa

taken

spfrac12Aacute niyaa

gone

ssup3frac12Aacute giyaa

Study 46 1 He has done much work se anek kaaj kareche

(kariyaache)

2 You have asked a good question

tumi ek-ti bhaalo prashna jijnaasaa [jigyaasaa] karecho

(tumi ek-ti bhaala prashna jijnaasaa [jigyaasaa] kariyaacha)

3 I have eaten a little but slept much

Aasb AlUacute Ecircsup2jfrac12smiddot splusmnPszlig Ajpplusmn acutefsbjfrac12smiddot| aami alpa kheyechi kintu anek ghumiyechi

(Aasb AlUacute sup2aSfrac12asmiddot splusmnPszlig Ajpplusmn acutefbaSfrac12asmiddot| aami alpa khaaiyaachi kintu anek ghumaaiyaachi )

4 They had given me this book

yamAacute Aabajplusmn J cS sijfrac12jmiddot| taaraa aamaake e bai diyeche (yaatildeamAacute Aabajplusmn J cS

sifrac12ajmiddot| taahaaraa aamaake e bai diyaache)

5 We had all gone

AabmAacute plusmnjnot ssup3jfrac12smiddotnotab (ssup3frac12asmiddotnotab)| aamaraa sakale giyechilaam (giyaachilaam)

Study 47 1 Crying he remembered he war



kêde se yuddha smaran kar-lo (kâadiyaa se yuddha

smaran karila)

2 By doing good you show your faith

bhaalo kare tumi tomaar bishbaas dekhaao

(bhaala kariyaa tumi tomaar bishbaas dekhaao)

3 This world is passing away

J cedilsup3ugrave cjatilde najoacutemiddot| e jagat bahe yaacche

[ or Ecircregiquest atildejfrac12 shes haye]

(J cedilsup3ugrave csatildefrac12Aacute naSjyjmiddot|

e jagat bahiyaa yaaiteche)

[ or Ecircregiquest atildeSfrac12Aacute shes haiyaa]

4 Todays study has finished

Aacediljplusmnm Aoordmfrac12p [Ecircregiquest] atildejfrac12jsup3jmiddot| aaj-ker adhyayan [shes] hayegeche

(Aacediljplusmnm Aoordmfrac12p [Ecircregiquest] atildeSfrac12assup3frac12ajmiddot|

aaj-ker adhyayan [shes] haiyaagiyaache)

5 He got up and left

Ecirc Fjw parajnot Ecircsup3jnotAacute| se uthe cale gelo

(Ecirc Fswfrac12Aacute parasnotfrac12Aacute sup3jnot| se uthiyaa caliyaa gela)

6 They hit her and ran away

yamAacute yajplusmn Ecircbjm EcirciagravejE parajnot Ecircsup3jnotAacute| taaraa taake mere doore cale gelo

(yaatildeamAacute yaatildeajplusmn basmfrac12Aacute EcirciagravesEfrac12Aacute parasnotfrac12Aacute taahaaraa taahaake maariyaa dooraaiyaa caliyaa gela)

Study 48 1 Will the meek ones will live in peace forever

bhUcircregdjnotmAacute splusmn ApPUgrave plusmnanot regasPUgravejy cIumlaparajc (cIumlasparajc) mrridushiileraa ki ananta kaal shaantite bâac-be (bâacibe)

[ or pmb EcircnotajplusmnmAacute naram lokeraa]

2 Being imperfect does not help a clear conscience

AsAuml atildeLfrac12Aacute ugraveEgravejcijplusmn aatildeanordm plusmnjm pAacute| asiddha haoyaa satsandegbed-ke saahaayya kare naa

[ or eumlAuml scjcplusmnjplusmn shuddha bibek-ke]

3 He sent this message here - for what purpose

sysp J Egravecai zawajnotp (zawaSjnotp) - EcircplusmnapIcirc Fjeacutejregordm tini e sandegvaad paathaalen (paathaailen) - kon uddeshye

4 He was here in the flesh

sysp baEgravej Jsup2ajp smiddotjnotp| tini maandegse ekhaane chilen

5 This indeed is a vital work

JqaS Ayordmacocircicircplusmn plusmnacedil atildefrac12| etaa-i atyaabashyak kaaj hay

6 In order to get this knowledge we go to our meetings

J iexclap zacam (zaScam) cedilethicirc AabmAacute vajy naS| e jnaan [gyaan] paaibaar (paabaar) janya aamaraa sabhaate yaai

[ or zaLfrac12am paaoyaar]

[ or vafrac12 sabhaay]

Study 49 1 If you do work then you will eat

tumi yadi kaaj karo tabe khaabe

(tumi yadi kaaj kara tabe khaaibe)



2 [In the case with =] With you doing work you will eat

yrsaquosb plusmnacedil plusmnmjnot sup2ajc| tumi kaaj kar-le khaabe

(yrsaquosb plusmnacedil plusmnsmjnot sup2aSjc| tumi kaaj karile khaaibe)

3 If you do not do work then you will not eat

yrsaquosb nsi plusmnacedil pAacute plusmnjmAacute yjc yrsaquosb sup2ajc pAacute| tumi yadi kaaj naa karo tabe tumi khaabe naa

(yrsaquosb nsi plusmnacedil pAacute plusmnm yjc yrsaquosb sup2aSjc pAacute| tumi yadi kaaj naa kara tabe tumi khaaibe naa)

4 [In the case with =] With you not doing work you will not eat

[yrsaquosb] plusmnacedil pAacute plusmnmjnot [yrsaquosb] sup2ajc pAacute| [tumi] kaaj naa kar-le [tumi] khaabe naa ([yrsaquosb] plusmnacedil pAacute plusmnsmjnot [yrsaquosb] sup2aSjc pAacute| [tumi] kaaj naa karile [tumi] khaaibe naa) 5 Even if you do work even then you will not eat

yrsaquosb nsiL plusmnacedil plusmnjmAacute (plusmnm) ycfL plusmnajc (sup2aSjc) pAacute| tumi yadi-o kaaj karo (kara) tabu-o khaabe (khaaibe) naa

6 Even [in the case with =] with you working you will not eat

yrsaquosb plusmnacedil plusmnmjnotL sup2ajc pAacute| tumi kaaj kar-le-o khaabe naa

(yrsaquosb plusmnacedil plusmnsmjnotL sup2aSjc pAacute| tumi kaaj karile-o khaaibe naa)

7 If you do good work you will get benefit

yrsaquosb nsi vajnotAacute plusmnacedil plusmnjmAacute notav zajc| tumi yadi bhaalo kaaj karo laabh paabe

(yrsaquosb nsi vanot plusmnacedil plusmnm notav zaSjc|

tumi yadi bhaala kaaj kara laabh paaibe)

[ or yjc yrsaquosb tabe tumi]

8 If you pray to Him in the right manner you will gain strength

yrsaquosb nsi swplusmn vajc yIumlam plusmnajmiddot lsquozauiacutepAacute plusmnjmAacute regsraquoM zajc| tumi yadi thik bhaabe tâar kaache praarthanaa karo shakti paabe

(yrsaquosb nsi swplusmn vajc yIumlaatildeam plusmnajmiddot lsquozauiacutepAacute plusmnm regsraquoM zaSjc|

tumi yadi thik bhaabe tâahaar kaache praarthanaa kara shakti paaibe)


or

swplusmn vajc yIumlam plusmnajmiddot lsquozauiacutepAacute plusmnmjnot regsraquoM zajc| thik bhaabe tâar kaache praarthanaa kar-le shakti paabe

(swplusmn vajc yIumlaatildeam plusmnajmiddot lsquozauiacutepAacute plusmnsmjnot regsraquoM zaSjc|

thik bhaabe tâahaar kaache praarthanaa karile shakti paaibe)

9 If he comes then he will see the message

Ecirc nsi Aaj Egravecai Ecircisup2jc| se yadi aase sandegbaad dekh-be

(Ecirc nsi Aaj Egravecai Ecircissup2jc| se yadi aase sandegbaad dekhibe)

or

Aajnot Ecirc Egravecai Ecircisup2jc| aas-le se sandegbaad dekh-be

(Aasjnot Ecirc Egravecai Ecircissup2jc|

aasile se sandegbaad dekhibe)

10 If he does not look then he will not get the book

Ecirc nsi pAacute Ecircijsup2 yajc cS zajc (zaSjc) pAacute| se yadi naa dekhe tabe bai paa-be (paaibe) naa

or



pAacute Ecircisup2jnot (Ecircissup2jnot) Ecirc cS zajc (zaSjc) pAacute| naa dekh-le (dekhile) se bai paabe (paaibe) naa

11 Even if you read these words can you understand their meaning

yrsaquosb nsiL J plusmnuaOacutejnotAacute zjEAacute yjc yrsaquosb splusmn yajim AuiacuteAacute cfsup1jy zamjc tumi yadi-o e kathaagulo paro tabe tumi ki taader artha bujh-te paar-be

(yrsaquosb nsiL J plusmnuaOacutejnotAacute zE yjc yrsaquosb splusmn yaatildeajim Auiacute cfssup1jy zasmjc tumi yadi-o e kathaagulo para tabe tumi ki taahaader artha bujhite paaribe)

or

J plusmnuaOacutejnotAacute zamjnotL yrsaquosb splusmn cfsup1jy zamjc e kathaagulo par-le-o tumi ki bujh-te paar-be

(J plusmnuaOacutejnotAacute zsEjnotL yrsaquosb splusmn cfssup1jy zasmjc

e kathaagulo parile-o tumi ki bujhite paaribe)

Study 50 1 He used to [= would] work here

Ecirc Jsup2ajp plusmnacedil plusmnsmjyAacute (plusmnsmy)| se ekhaane kaaj karito (karita)

2 If I used to work then I would eat

Ecirc nsi plusmnacedil plusmnmyab yjc Ecircsup2yab| aami yadi kaaj kar-taam tabe khetaam

(Aasb nsi plusmnacedil plusmnsmyab yjc sup2aSyab|

aami yadi kaaj karitaam tabe khaaitaam)

or

Aasb plusmnacedil plusmnmjnot Ecircsup2yab| aami kaaj kar-le khetaam

(AAacutesb plusmnacedil plusmnsmjnot sup2aSyab| aami kaaj karile khaaitaam)

3 If you would work then you would eat

yrsaquosb nsi plusmnacedil plusmnsmjyAacute yjc Ecircsup2jy| tumi yadi kaaj karito tabe khete

(yrsaquosb nsi plusmnacedil plusmnsmy yjc sup2aSjy|

tumi yadi kaaj karita tabe khaaite)

or

plusmnacedil plusmnmjnot Ecircsup2jyAacute| kaaj kar-le kheto

(plusmnacedil plusmnsmjnot sup2aSy| kaaj karile khaaita)

4 When they used to work then they would eat

yamAacute nsup2p plusmnacedil plusmnmy ysup2p Ecircsup2jyAacute| taaraa yakhan kaaj kar-ta takhan kheto

(yaatildeamAacute nsup2p plusmnacedil plusmnsmy ysup2p sup2aSy|

taahaaraa yakhan kaaj karita takhan khaaita)

5 If Adam would stay perfect then he would not die

Aaib nsi sAuml uaplusmnjyAacute bmjyAacute pAacute| aadam yadi siddha thaak-to mar-to naa

(Aaib nsi sAuml uasplusmny bsmy pAacute| aadam yadi siddha thaakita marita naa )

or

Aaib sAuml uaplusmnjnot bmjyAacute pAacute| aadam siddha thaak-le mar-to naa

(Aaib sAuml uasplusmnjnot bsmy pAacute|

aadam siddha thaakile marita naa)

6 If YOU stayed perfect then YOU would not die

Aazsp nsi sAuml uaplusmnjyp yjc bmjyp pAacute| aapani yadi siddha thaak-ten tabe mar-ten naa

(Aazsp nsi sAuml uasplusmnjyp yjc bsmjyp pAacute|

aapani yadi siddha thaakiten tabe mariten naa)

or



Aazsp sAuml uaplusmnjnot bmjyp pAacute| aapani siddha thaak-le mar-ten naa

(Aazsp sAuml uasplusmnjnot bsmjyp pAacute|

aapani siddha thaakile mariten naa)

7 [In the case with =] With Adam not staying faithful then he would die

Aaib scregAtildead pAacute uaplusmnjnot bmjyAacute| aadam bishbaasii naa thaak-le mar-to

(Aaib scregAtildead pAacute uasplusmnjnot bsmy| aadam bishbaasii naa thaakile marita)

8 They would stay in that little house

yamAacute K Ecircmiddotaq casEjy uaplusmnjyAacute| taaraa ee chota baarite thaak-to

(yaatildeamAacute K Ecircmiddotaq casEjy uasplusmny|

taahaaraa ee chota baarite thaakita)

9 Even if he were visible again on the earth even then would every one accept him

sysp nsiL Aacam zhsucdjy ihocircicircy atildejyp ycfL plusmnjnot splusmn yIumlajplusmn lsquosup3atildet plusmnmjyAacute tini yadi-o aabaar prrithibiite drrishyata haten tabu-o sakale ki tâake grahan kar-to (sysp nsiL Aacam zhsucdjy ihocircicircy atildeSjyp ycfL plusmnjnot splusmn yIumlaatildeajplusmn lsquosup3atildet plusmnsmy

tini yadi-o aabaar prrithibiite drrishyatahh haiten tabu-o sakale ki tâahaake grahan karita )

10 In the case of Adam not sinning would he die or not die

Aaib zaz pAacute plusmnmjnot bmjyAacute cAacute bmjyAacute pAacute aadam paap naa kar-le mar-to baa mar-to naa

(Aaib zaz pAacute plusmnsmjnot bsmy cAacute bsmy pAacute

aadam paap naa karile marita baa marita naa)

11 Would there be [= remain] disturbance violence liars

AregasPUgrave satildeEgraveAacute sbuordmacaid splusmn uaplusmnjyAacute (uasplusmny) ashaanti hindegsaa mithyaabaadii ki thaak-to (thaakita)

12 What is your feeling about this

J BAtildejiuml Ecircyabam bjpavac splusmn e sambandhe tomaar manobhaab ki

[ or Apfvœsy anubhuuti]

13 God is looking at you and at me

Ecircsup2aiAacute Ecircyabajplusmn L Aabajplusmn Ecircisup2jmiddotp (Ecircissup2jyjmiddotp)| khodaa tomaake o aamaake dekh-chen (dekhitechen)

[ or DregAtildejmm iishbar]

14 Were you receiving love and peace

yrsaquosb splusmn Ecirclsquozb L regasPUgrave Ecirczjysmiddotjnot (zaSjysmiddotjnot)| tumi ki prem o shaanti paaitechile (petechile)

15 I was learning about Gods purposes

Aasb Ecircsup2aiamAacute FjeacuteocircicircOacutejnotAacute BAtildejiuml sregsup2smiddotnotab| aami khodaar uddeshyagulo sambandhe shikh-chilaam

(Aasb Ecircsup2aiam FjeacuteocircicircOacutejnotAacute BAtildejiuml sregssup2jysmiddotnotab|

aami khodaar uddeshyagulo sambandhe shikhitechilaam)


16 Where were you living

Aazsp Ecircplusmnauafrac12 ca plusmnmsmiddotjnotp (plusmnsmjysmiddotjnotp)| aapani kothaay baas kar-chilen (karitechilen)

Study 51 1 [Use nije] I wrote it myself

Aasb spjcedil yAacute snotsup2notab| aami nije taa likh-laam

(Aasb spjcedil yaatildeAacute snotssup2notab|

aami nije taahaa likhilaam)



2 [Use svayandeg] They learned Bengali themselves

yamAacute Atildefrac12Egrave caEgravenotAacute sregsup2jnotAacute| taaraa svayandeg baandeglaa shikh-lo

(yaatildeamAacute Atildefrac12Egrave caEgravenotAacute sregssup2not|

taahaaraa svayandeg baandeglaa shikhila)

3 [Use aapani] He himself gave [made] this promise

sysp Aazsp J lsquozsyiexclAacute plusmnmjnotp| tini aapani e pratijnaa [pratigyaa] kar-len (karilen)

4 [Decline nije] This person changed himself into Satan

J cordmsraquoM spjcediljplusmn regfrac12yajp zsmty plusmnmjnotAacute (plusmnsmnot)| e byakti nijeke shayataane parinata kar-lo (karila)

5 [Decline aapani] He gave himself in sacrifice for us

sysp Aabajim cedilethicirc Aazpajplusmn csnotiajp sijnotp| tini aamaader janya aapanaake balidaane dilen

6 [Decline nije] I wanted from myself to do this

Aasb scediljcedilm atildejy J plusmnmjy Ecircparanotab| aami nijer hate e kar-te celaam

(Aasb spjcedilm atildeSjy J plusmnsmjy Ecircparanotab|

aami nijer haite e karite caailaam)

7 [Decline aapani] He did not speak from himself

sysp AazpAacute atildejy cjnotp sp| tini aapanaa hate balen ni

(tini aapanaa haite balen naai)

8 [Decline nije] Bring your own work

spjcedilm plusmnacedil AapL (Aap) nijer kaaj aan-o (aana)

9 [Decline nije] They take their own books

yamAacute (yaatildeamAacute) spjcediljim cSOacutejnotAacute Ecircpfrac12| taaraa (taahaaraa) nijeder baigulo ney

[ or cS bai]

10 [Another form of nije] We examine our own lives

AabmAacute spcedil spcedil cedildcp zmdntildeAacute plusmnsm| aamaraa nij nij jiiban pariiksaa kari

11 [Decline aapan] They hate their own brothers

yamAacute (yaatildeamAacute) Aazp vaSjimjplusmn acutehtAacute plusmnjm| taaraa (taahaaraa) aapan bhaaider-ke ghrrinaa kare

[ or Aazpajim aapanaader]

12 [Decline aapan] We do not hate our own brothers

AabmAacute Aazp vaSjimjplusmn acutehtAacute plusmnsm pAacute| aamaraa aapan bhaaider-ke ghrrinaa kari naa


13 [Decline aapan] YOU will know that your [=own] deliverance is near

EcircyabmAacute cedilapjc (cedilaspjc) Ecircn Ecircyabajim bfsraquoM spETHplusmnq| tomaraa jaan-be (jaanibe) ye tomaader mukti sannikat

[ or Aazp aapan]

14 Are they selfless or selfish

yamAacute (yaatildeamAacute) splusmn AtildeauiacuteatildeIcircdp pAacute Atildeauiacutezm taaraa (taahaaraa) ki svaarthahiin naa svaarthapar

15 In his words there is self-contradiction

yam (yaatildeam) plusmnuaOacutejnotam bjoordm AaYšscjmao Aajmiddot| taar (taahaar) kathaagulor madhye aatmabirodh aache

[ or plusmnuaOacutejnotam kathaagulor]

16 With there being (conditional participle of thaakaa) no doing of self-examination they deceive

themselves

AaYšzmdntildeAacute pAacute plusmnmjnot yamAacute spcediljplusmn xIumlasplusmn Ecircifrac12|



aatmapariiksaa naa kar-le taaraa nij-ke phâaki dey

(AaYšazmdntildeAacute pAacute plusmnsmjnot yaatildeamAacute spcediljplusmn xIumlasplusmn Ecircifrac12|

aatmapariiksaa naa karile taahaaraa nij-ke phâaki dey)

17 In these days people seek their own interests

J plusmnajnot Ecircnotajplusmn Atildeauiacute EcircparaoslashAacute plusmnjm| e kaale loke svaartha cestaa kare

18 He will not examine us according to the work of others

sysp Aethicircjim plusmnajcedilm Apfajm Aabajimjplusmn zmdntildeAacute plusmnmjcp (plusmnsmjcp) pAacute| tini anyader kaajer anusaare aamaader-ke pariiksaa kar-ben (kariben) naa

19 Will the righteous possess the earth

oasbiacutejplusmnmAacute splusmn Ecircijregm Asoplusmnamd atildejc dhaarmikeraa ki desher adhikaarii habe

(oasBšiacutejplusmnmAacute splusmn Ecircijregm Asoplusmnamd atildeSjc dhaarmikeraa ki desher adhikaarii haibe)

20 Doing personal study is essential

cordmsraquoMsup3y Aoordmfrac12p plusmnmAacute Ayordmacocircicircplusmn| byaktigata adhyayan karaa atyaabashyak

Study 52 1 Work is done plusmnacedil plusmnmAacute atildefrac12| kaaj karaa hay

2 Prayers are said [made] lsquozauiacutepAacute plusmnmAacute nafrac12| praarthanaa karaa yaay

3 The Bible does get read a little caSjcnot AlUacute zEAacute nafrac12|

baaibel alpa paraa yaay

4 The Bible used to be read much more

caSjcnot Ajpplusmn Ecirccsreg zEAacute EcircnjyAacute (naSy)| baaibel anek beshii paraa yeto (yaaita)

5 The loving invitation is made known

Ecirclsquozbbfrac12 spbPogravet cedilapajpAacute (cedilapap) atildefrac12| premamay nimantran jaanaano (jaanaana) hay

6 Women and children get killed AringogravedmAacute L Ecircmiddotjnotjbjfrac12mAacute bamAacute nafrac12|

striiraa o chelemeyeraa maaraa yaay

7 News of the kingdom is getting preached

majcedilordmm baparaam lsquozparaam plusmnmAacute najoacutemiddot (naSjyjmiddot)| raajyer samaacaar pracaar karaa yaacche (yaaiteche)

[ or sup2cm khabar]

8 It will be given to you Ecircyabajplusmn EcirciLfrac12Aacute atildejc (atildeSjc)|

tomaake deoyaa habe (haibe)

9 He will be called [spoken of as] this ones son

yIumlajplusmn JIumlm zfecirc cnotAacute najc| tâake e^r putra balaa yaabe

(yIumlaatildeajplusmn SIumlatildeam zfecirc cnotAacute naSjc|

tâahaake i^haar putra balaa yaaibe)

[ or Ecircmiddotjnot chele]

Study 53 1 The enemy has roared is roaring and will roar for a little more time

regecircAElig sup3scediliacutejfrac12jmiddot sup3 iacuteajoacutemiddot L AamL AlUacute bjfrac12m cedilethicirc sup3cediliacuteajc| shatru garjiyeche garjaacche o aar-o alpa samayer janya garjaabe

(regecircAElig sup3scediliacutefrac12ajmiddot sup3cediliacuteaSjyjmiddot L AamL AlUacute bjfrac12m cedilethicirc sup3cediliacuteaSjc| shatru garjiyaache garjaaiteche o aar-o alpa samayer janya garjaaibe)

2 How art thou yrsaquoS Ecircplusmnbp AasmiddotIcirc tui keman aachis

3 Read thy little book to him yajplusmn (yaatildeajplusmn) Ecircyam Ecircmiddotaq cS zEIcirc|

taake (taahaake) tor chota bai par



4 Thy sister is laughing Ecircyam Ecirccap atildeajmiddot (atildeasjyjmiddot)|

tor bon haas-che (haasiteche)

5 A funny thing came from thee Ecircyam plusmnamiddot Ecircujplusmn atildeasm plusmnuAacute AajnotAacute (Aasnot)| tor kaach theke haasir kathaa aas-lo (aasila)

Study 54 1 How have you got hurt

yrsaquosb Ecircplusmnbp plusmnjm Fjparaaq Ecircsup2jfrac12jmiddotAacute tumi keman kare ucot kheyecho

(yrsaquosb Ecircplusmnbp plusmnsmfrac12Aacute Fjparaaq sup2aSfrac12amiddot tumi keman kariyaa ucot khaaiyaacha)

2 To smoke is bad for us

ofbzap plusmnmAacute Aabajim cedilethicirc sup2amaz| dhum-paan karaa aamaader janya khaaraap

3 Shall I take off my shoes

Aasb splusmn Aabam cedilrsaquoyAacute sup2fnotjcAacute (sup2fsnotc) aami ki aamaar jutaa khul-bo (khuliba)

4 I dont want to let the opportunity slip

Aasb fjnasup3 middotaEjy (middotasEjy) paraaS pAacute| aami suyog chaar-te (chaarite) caai naa

5 What sort of fruit does this path bear

J zu splusmn mplusmnb xnot ojm e path ki rakam phal dhare

[ or lsquozplusmnam mCcedilz prakaar ruup]

6 With paying attention we can learn

bjpajnasup3 sijnot AabmAacute sregsup2jy (sregssup2jy) zasm| manoyog dile aamaraa shikh-te (shikhite) paari

[ This is a conditional participle]

[ or plusmnmjnot kar-le (plusmnsmjnot karile)]

7 My writing has finished

Aabam Ecircnotsup2Aacute Ecircregiquest atildejfrac12jmiddot (atildeSfrac12ajmiddot)| aamaar lekhaa shes hayeche (haiyaache)

8 My daughter gets the giggles Aabam Ecircbjfrac12m atildeas zafrac12|

aamaar meyer haasi paay

9 Please turn on the light

ifrac12Aacute plusmnjm sccedilnotd casy aeligcentajnotAacute dayaa kare bijalii baati jvaalo

(ifrac12Aacute plusmnsmfrac12Aacute sccedilnotd casy aeligcentanotL

dayaa kariyaa bijalii baati jvaal-o )

10 It does not take much time Ajpplusmn bfrac12 notajsup3 pAacute| anek samay laage naa

11 For this book how much does it cost

J cSJm cedilethicirc plusmny qaplusmnAacute notajsup3 e bai-er janya kata taakaa laage

12 With applying a little time and logic we can see the truth

AlUacute bfrac12 L nfsraquoM notasup3ajnot AabmAacute yordm Ecircisup2jy zasm| alpa samay o yukti laagaale aamaraa satya dekh-te paari

(AlUacute bfrac12 L nfsraquoM notasup3aSjnot AabmAacute yordm Ecircissup2jy zasm|

alpa samay o yukti laagaaile aamaraa satya dekhite paari)


13 With not putting the truth to use we do not get benefit

satya kaaje naa laagaaile (laagaale) aamaraa laabh paai naa

14 I have a belief Aabam scregAtildea Aajmiddot| aamaar bishvaas aache



15 They have no hope

yajim AaregAacute EcircpS| taader aashaa nei

(yaatildeajim AaregAacute paS| taahaader aashaa naai)

16 He has your message

Ecircyabam Egravecai yam (yaatildeam) plusmnajmiddot Aajmiddot| tomaar sandegbaad taar (taahaar) kaache aache

17 They do not have our book

Aabajim cS yajim plusmnajmiddot EcircpS| aamaader bai taader kaache nei

(Aabajim cS yaatildeajim plusmnajmiddot paS|

aamaader bai taahaader kaache naai)

18 One must go now

Jsup2p Ecircnjy atildejc| ekhan yete habe

(Jsup2p naSjy atildeSjc| ekhan yaaite haibe)

19 Why must [you] learn Bengali

Ecircplusmnp caEgravenotAacute sregsup2jy atildejc kena baandeglaa shikh-te habe

( Ecircplusmnp caEgravenotAacute sregssup2jy atildeSjc kena baandeglaa shikhite haibe)

[ or Ecircyabam Ecircyabam IAtildeamAacute Ecircyabam plusmnyŸiacuteplusmn

tomaar tomaar dvaaraa tomaar kartrrik]

20 You must pray to him

yIumlam plusmnajmiddot lsquozauiacutepAacute plusmnmjy atildejc| tâar kaache praarthanaa kar-te habe

( yIumlaatildeam plusmnajmiddot lsquozauiacutepAacute plusmnsmjy atildeSjc|

tâahaar kaache praarthanaa karite haibe)

[ or Aazpam Aazpam IAtildeamAacute AazpAacute plusmnyŸiacuteplusmn aapanaar aapanaar dvaaraa aapanaa kartrrik]

21 It [indeed] is so yaS cjq taa-i bate

(yaatildeaS cjq taahaa-i bate)

22 But you certainly want peace splusmnPszlig yrsaquosb EcircyAacute (y) regasPUgrave paraaL| kintu tumi to (ta) shaanti caao

23 Ever-lasting sparamAringOtildeafrac12d cirasthaayii

spirit-lacking AaYšascatildedp aatmaabihiin

self-loving AaYšslsquozfrac12 aatmapriya

world-wide scregAtildecordmazd bishvabyaapii

faith-worthy [fit for] scregAtildeajnasup3ordm bishvaas-yogya

24 There have been wars and famine going on

nfAumlOacutejnotAacute L Ucircsviacutentilde mjfrac12jmiddot| yuddhagulo o durbhiksa rayeche

(nfAumlOacutejnotAacute L Ucircsviacutentilde mjfrac12jmiddot|

yuddhagulo o durbhiksa rahiyaache)

25 Those events have been going on with us for many years

J acuteqpaOacutejnotAacute Ajpplusmn cugravem Aabajim jaring mjfrac12jmiddot (msatildefrac12ajmiddot)| e ghatanaagulo anek batsar aamaader sansup1ge rayeche (rahiyaache)

26 This world is lying in whose hands

J cedilsup3ugrave plusmnam atildejAringUgrave mjfrac12jmiddot e jagat kaar haste rayeche

(J cedilsup3ugrave plusmnaatildeam atildejAringUgrave msatildefrac12ajmiddot e jagat kaahaar haste rahiyaache)

[ or add fSfrac12Aacute suiyaa]

Study 55 1 [Qualifying] big bigger biggest

cE AamL cE cjparajfrac12 cE bara aar-o bara sab-ceye bara



2 [Qualifying] good better best

vajnotAacute AamL vajnotAacute cjparajfrac12 vajnotAacute bhaalo aar-o bhaalo sab-ceye bhaalo

(vanot AamL vanot cjparajfrac12 vanot

bhaala aar-o bhaala sab-ceye bhaala)

3 [Modifying] dear dearer dearest lsquozdfrac12 lsquozdfrac12ym lsquozdfrac12yb priiya priiyatara priiyatama

4 The Greatest Man ciacute batildeap zfmAEligiquest sarbamahaan purus

(CAtildeiacute batildeap zfmAEligiquest sarbbamahaan purus)

5 Almighty ciacuteregsraquoMbap sarbashaktimaan

(CAtildeiacuteregsraquoMbap sarbbashaktimaan)

Universal sovereignty (aciacutejvagravebYAtilde saarbabhoomatba

(aCAtildeiacutejvagravebYAtilde saarbbabhoomatba)

6 The nearest house cjparajfrac12 spplusmnq casE sab-ceye nikat baari

7 This teaching is more loving J sregntildeAacute AamL Ecirclsquozbbfrac12| e shiksaa aar-o premamay

Study 56 1 brother sister vaS Ecirccap bhaai bon

2 gentleman lady batildearegfrac12 batildearegfrac12Aacute mahaashay mahaashayaa

3 male student female student middotaecirc middotaecircd chaatra chaatrii

4 male teacher female teacher sregntildeplusmn sregsntildeplusmnAacute shiksak shiksikaa

5

Dear Mr Rahman slsquozfrac12 cedilpac maatildehellipbap [ cAacute batildearegfrac12]

priya janaab

raahmaan

[ or mahaashay]

I got your cheque Aasb Ecircyabam Ecircparaplusmnhellip Ecirczjfrac12smiddot (zaSfrac12asmiddot)|

aami tomaar cek

peyechi (paaiyaachi)

Thank you oethicirccai| dhanyabaad

Greetings Ssy [ cAacute vipdfrac12]

iti

[ or bhadaniiya]

Mrs A Target lsquoregdbyd J qajsup3iacuteq shriimatii e taarget

6 Dear Prem EcircETHjatildem ldquoEcirclsquozbrdquo sneher prem

See you on Saturday at noon Aasb regspcajm Ucirczfjm Ecircyabajplusmn Ecircisup2jcAacute (Ecircissup2c)|

aami shanibaare dupure tomaake dekh-bo (dekhiba)

Your brother Raaj Ecircyabam vaS macedil tomaar bhaai raaj

7 The son and daughter of my brother Aabam iaiAacute sisi

aamaar daadaa didi

8 Your older sisters husband Ecircyabam iaiacacf tomaar daadaabaabu

9 My younger brothers wife Aabam cFbAacute aamaar baumaa

10 My paternal grandparents Aabam waplusmnsbquom iaiabAacute aamaar thaakur-daadaamaa

11 His maternal uncle yam (yaatildeam) babAacute taar (taahaar) maamaa

12 Our paternal aunt Aabam szsbAacute aamaar pisiimaa

[ or szs pisi]

13 His parents-in-law yam (yaatildeam) regAtildeaeumlm regaeumlmd taar (taahaar) shvaashur shaashurii

14 The wifes sister-in-law Aringogravedm waplusmnsbquomssup1 striir thaakur-jhi

[ or ppi nanad]



15 Our children and grandchildren

Aabajim Ecircmiddotjnotjbjfrac12 L paydpaypd aamaader chelemeye o naatiinaatanii

16 His great-grandchildren yam (yaatildeam) zfsyzfypd taar (taahaar) putiputanii

17 This husbands brother-in-law J Atildeabdm reganotAacute e svaamiir shaalaa

Study 57 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 zero one two three four five

eumlethicirc Jplusmn UcircS syp paraam zIumlapara shunya ek dui tin caar pâac

3 six seven eight nine ten

middotfrac12 ay Aaq pfrac12 ireg chay saat aat nay dash

4 twenty thirty forty fifty

screg secircreg parasligravereg zTHORNareg bish trish callish pancaash

5 sixty seventy eighty ninety

iquestaq raquom Aasreg pCAtildeS saat sattar aashi nabbai

6 twenty-four parasCAtildereg cabbish

sixty-five zIumlfrac12iquestslsaquo pâyasatti

7 sixty-nine Gpraquom uunasattar

ninety-nine spmapCAtildeS niraanabbai

8 a hundred two hundred three hundred

Jplusmn reg UcircS reg syp reg ek sha dui sha tin sha

9 a hundred thousand Jplusmn notntilde ek laksa

ldquothousandsrdquo atildeIacuteasoplusmn sahasraadhik

10 ten million Jplusmn EcircecircMaE ek kror [koti]

ldquomillionsrdquo notntildeasoplusmn laksaadhik

11 one and a half EcirciE der

12 two and a half AaEaS aaraai

13 five and a quarter Lfrac12Aacute zIumlapara saoyaa pâac

14 ten and a half ajE ireg saare dash

15 ten and three quarters Ecirczagravejp Jsup3am poone egaara

16 three fifths zIumlapara vajsup3m syp vasup3 pâac bhaager tin bhaag

17 15 per cent zjpm lsquozsy regy panera prati shat

18 the first day of the week zUgravejatildem lsquozub sip saptaaher pratham din

19 On the fiftieth day they received the spirit

zTHORNaregraquob sijp yamAacute AaYšAacute EcirczjnotAacute| pancaashattama dine taaraa aatmaa pelo

(zTHORNaregraquob sijp yaatildeamAacute AaYšAacute zaSnot|

pancaashattama dine taahaaraa aatmaa paaila)

20 the thirtieth book secircEgraveregyb cS trindegshatam bai

21 about ten days later lsquozafrac12 ireg sip zjm

praay dash din pare

22 approximately an hour acuteethqAacute sup2ajpplusmn ghantaa khaanek

23 about two days UcircJplusmn sip duek din



Study 58 1 What is todays date Aacediljplusmn EcircplusmnapIcirc yasmsup2 aaj-ke kon taarikh

2 The day after tomorrow will be what day

Aasup3abd zmeuml EcircplusmnapIcirc sip atildejc (atildeSjc) aagaamii parashu kon din habe (haibe)

3 What is the season now Jsup2p EcircplusmnapIcirc Hyrsaquo acuteqjmiddot (acutesqjyjmiddot)

ekhan kon rritu ghat-che (ghatiteche)

4 After six months what will the season be

middotfrac12 ba zjm EcircplusmnapIcirc Hyrsaquo atildejc (atildeSjc) chay maas pare kon rritu habe (haibe)

5 Within April May and June there are the months of beeshaakh and jyeesta

Jslsquoznot Ecircb JcEgrave cedilrsaquop baOacutejnotam bjoordm Eumlcregasup2 L Eumlcedilordmoslash ba atildefrac12| epril me ebandeg jun maas-gulor madhye beeshaakh o jyeesta maas hay

6 The summer happens then sup3hAringš ysup2p acutejq| grrisma takhan ghate

7 Thirteenth [daydatetaarikh] of February in the year nineteen hundred and ninety-five

EcircxcIacuteAEligAasm bajm EcircymS yasmsup2 FspETHreg reg zIumlparaapCAtildeS ajnot phebruaari maaser terai taarikh unnish sha pâcaanabbai saale

8 On the first [daydate] my mother will come with me

lsquozub yasmjsup2 Aabam bAacute Aabam jaring Aajcp (Aasjcp)| pratham taarikhe aamaar maa aamaar sansup1ge aas-ben (aasiben)

9 At half past two I will try again

AaEayafrac12 Aasb Aacam EcircparaoslashAacute plusmnmjcAacute (plusmnsmc)| aaraaitaay aami aabaar cestaa kar-bo (kariba)

10 Come at a quarter to four this afternoon

Aacediljplusmn Ecirczagravejp paraamqafrac12 Aafp| aaj-ke poone caar-taay aasun

11 It is three oclock sypqAacute Ecirccjcediljmiddot| tin-taa bejeche

(sypqAacute cascedilfrac12ajmiddot| tin-taa baajiyaache)

12 It is eight minutes past two

UcircSqAacute Ecirccjcedil (cascedilfrac12Aacute) Aaq sbspq Aajmiddot| dui-taa beje (baajiyaa) aat minit aache

13 The train starts off at six ten Ecircqdividep middotfrac12qAacute ijreg mLpAacute atildefrac12|

tren chay-taa dashe raonaa hay

14 The meeting starts at seven twenty five in the evening

vAacute lsquozsy iumlordmajcnotafrac12 ayqafrac12 zIumlsparajreg AamBOuml atildefrac12| sabhaa prati sandhyaabelaay saat-taay pâcishe aarambha hay

15 It is twelve minutes to seven

ayqAacute cacediljy (cascediljy) cam sbspq Aajmiddot| saat-taa baaj-te (baajite) baara minit aache

16 It is now nine fifty-seven Jsup2p pfrac12qAacute ayapETH Aajmiddot|

ekhan nay-taa saataanna aache

17 What is the time [How many have struck]

plusmnqAacute Ecirccjcediljmiddot kataa bejeche

plusmnqAacute cascedilfrac12ajmiddot (kataa baajiyaache)

[ or plusmnyqAacute katataa]

What is the time [How many strike]

plusmnqAacute cajcedil kataa baaje













Numbers and Time


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Jaspell 2 Pilcox Hall Lane Tendring Clacton-on-Sea Essex CO16 0DL

(44) (0) 1255 830825

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CONTENTS

Page Subject

4 Introduction

4 Styles

4 Scripts



5 Sound Chart















26 Fractions




30 Dates


33-

63




INTRODUCTION




brackets



form







rules






Pronunciationrdquo







Held

Huffed

Held

Huffed

Nasals Semi-

vowels









ঃ ঃ




VOWELS


CONSONANT (SUCH



like hellip

hellip as in

the

English

word

(no

vowel)

(no


অ a

short ldquoardquo

short ldquoordquo

(inherent

a)

ldquowanderrdquo

ldquooffrdquo

প pa













(ldquopaupowrdquo)


(ldquopangrdquo)


ঃ ^ nasal

faintly as

in French

ldquononrdquo





CONSONANTS

Group Char-

acter Roman

Form

Sounds

like hellip

hellip as in the

English word


- in the






- on the


ldquomatchheadrdquo





- on the


ldquomalthouserdquo

of the






lumprdquo



- on the






- on the




twinrdquo)





semi-








Guttural

semi-

vowel






LEADING VOWEL FORMS


etc

+rpa

etc













ndeg+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -

hh+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -

^+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -





+

`

+

a

+

aa

+

i

+

ii

+

u

+

u

+

rri

+

e

+

ee

+

o

+

oo

+


























problematical words









































6 See Note 5






10 See Note 5


possessive form


12 See Note 11
















4

Identifying Verbal

Noun

plusmnmAacute karaa

27

Infinitive Noun

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

27

Present Participle

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

45

Past Participle

plusmnjm kare


49


plusmnmjnot kar-le


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I do plusmnsm kari

(plusmnsm kari)


(plusmnm kara)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Present Imperative

Let me dohellip





2829

Present

Continuous

I am doing


(plusmnsmjysmiddot

karitechi)




(plusmnsmjyjmiddot

kariteche)



462

Present Perfect



kariyaachi)


kariyaacha)



kariyaache)



26

Future Indefinite



plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)

plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) do


(plusmnsmL kario)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Future Imperative

(You will) do


karibakarba-o)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 533

Future Continuous

I will be doing





karite thaakibe)







Future Perfect

I will have done

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I did


karilaam)





karilen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had done I did






karechila


kariyaachila)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should do

plusmnmyab kar-taam




(plusmnsmy karita)


kariten)

504

Past Continuous

I was doing






kar-chila


karitechila)





hellip kare aas-chi



hellip kare cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun


27

Infinitive Noun

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

27

Present Participle

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

45

Past Participle



49


Ecircsup2jnot khele


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I eat


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



431

Present Imperative

Let me eathellip


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



2829

Present

Continuous

I am eating


khaaitechi)



khaaitecha)





462

Present Perfect



khaaiyaachi)


kheyecha


khaaiyaacha)





26

Future Indefinite






khaaiben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) eat

- -


khaaiyo)



431

Future Imperative

(You will) eat


khaaiba

khaaiba-o)




khaaiben)



Future Perfect

I will have eaten

(Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase 534

Future Continuous

I will be eating


khete thaak-ba


khaaitehellip

thaakiba)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



thaakiben)

34


Past Historic

I ate


khaailaam)

Ecircsup2jnot khele



(sup2aSnot khaaila)


khaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had eaten I ate



khaaiyaa-

chilaam)




kheyechila


khaaiyaachila)




Past Frequentative

I should eat


khaaitaam)

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)


(sup2aSy khaaita)


khaaiten) 504

Past Continuous

I was eating





khaaitechile)


khaacchila


khaaitechila)



khaaitechilen)






hellip kheye cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun



27

Infinitive Noun



27

Present Participle



45

Past Participle



49




TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative









Present Imperative






garjaauk)


garjaaun) 2829

Present

Continuous

I am roaring




garjaaccha


garjaaitecha)



garjaaiteche)



garjaaitechen) 462

Present Perfect


garjiyechi


garjaaiyaachi)


garjiyecha


garjaaiyaacha)



garjaaiyaache)



26

Future Indefinite


garjaaba


garjaaiba)



garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)



431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) roar








431

Future Imperative

(You will) roar







garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)

535

Future Continuous

I will be roaring


garjaatehellip

thaak-ba

garjaatehellip


garjaaitehellip

thaakiba)


thaak-be


garjaaite

thaakibe)


thaak-be


garjaaitehellip

thaakibe)


thaak-ben


garjaaitehellip

thaakiben)

Future Perfect

I will have roared

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I roared



garjaailaam)




garjaalo




garjaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past




garjaaiyaa-

chilaam)




garjiyechila




5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten) 505

Past Continuous

I was roaring



garjaaite-

chilaam)






garjaaitechila)



garjaaitechilen)



garjiye aas-chi



garjiye cali

(garjaaiyaa cali)




TENSE

to do

plusmnmAacute karaa

to eat


to roar



61







sup2Aacute khaa

Let thou roarhellip


Present

Continuous

thou art doing




462

Present Perfect

thou hast doing




26

Future Indefinite

thou willst do

plusmnmsc kar-bi

thou willst eat



Future Imperative

Common

(thou willst) do


(thou willst) eat



431

Future Imperative

(thou willst) do




Future Continuous

I will be doing




464

Future Perfect


Rephrase


Rephrase


Rephrase

34


Past Historic

thou didst




4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past







5012



thou shouldst eat



Past Continuous

thou werst doing



thou werst roaring







0 0

shuunya

eumlethicirc

1 1

ek

Jplusmn

2 2

dui

UcircS

3 3

tin

syp

4 4

caar

paraam

5 5

pâac

zIumlapara

6 6

chay

middotfrac12

7 7

saat

ay

8 8

aat

Aaq

9 9

nay

pfrac12

10 10

dash

ireg

11 11

egaara

Jsup3am

12 12

baara

cam

13 13

tera

Ecircym

14 14

coodda


15 15

panera

zjpm

16 16

sola

Ecirciquestanot

17 17

satera

jym

18 18

aathaara

Aajwm

19 19

unnish

Gspreg

20 20

bish

screg

21 21

ekush

Jplusmnsbquoreg

22 22

baaish

caSreg

23 23

teish

EcircySreg

24 24

cabbish

parasCAtildereg

25 25

pâcish

zIumlsparareg

26 26

chaabbish

middotasCAtildereg

27 27

saataash

ayareg

28 28

aathaash

Aawareg

29 29

uunatrish

Gpsecircreg

30 30

trish

secircreg

31 31

ekatrish

Jplusmnsecircreg

32 32

batrish

csecircreg

33 33

tetrish

Ecircysecircreg

34 34

cootrish


35 35

pâyatrish


36 36

chatrish

middotsecircreg

37 37

sâaitrish

IumlaSsecircreg

38 38

aat-trish

Aaqsecircreg

39 39

uunacallish


40 40

callish

parasligravereg

41 41

ekacallish


42 42

biyaallish


43 43

tetaallish

Ecircyyasligravereg

44 44

cuyaallish


45 45

pâyataallish


46 46

checallish


47 47

saat-challish

aymiddotsligravereg

48 48

aat-callish

Aaqparasligravereg

49 49

uunapansup2caash

GpzTHORNareg

50 50

pansup2caash

zTHORNareg

51 51

ekaanna

JplusmnapETH

52 52

baahaanna

caatildeap ETH

53 53

tippaanna

syzUacuteapETH

54 54

cuyaanna


55 55

pansup2caanna

zTHORNapETH

56 56

chaappaanna

middotazUacuteapETH

57 57

saataanna

ayapETH

58 58

aataanna

AaqapETH

59 59

uunasaat

Gpiquestaq

60 60

saat

iquestaq

61 61

ek-satti


62 62

baasatti

caiquestslsaquo

63 63

tesatti

Ecircyiquestslsaquo

64 64

coosatti


65 65

pâyasatti


66 66

chesatti


67 67

saat-satti

ayiquestslsaquo

68 68

aat-satti

Aaqiquestslsaquo

69 69

uunasattar

Gpraquom

70 70

sattar

raquom

71 71

ekaattar

Jplusmnaraquom

72 72

baahaattar

caatildearaquom

73 83

tiyaattar

syfrac12araquom

74 74

cuyaattar


75 75

pâcaattar

zIumlparaaraquom

76 76

chiyaattar


77 77

saataattar

ayaraquom

78 78

aataattar

Aaqaraquom

79 79

uunaashi

Gpasreg

80 80

aashi

Aasreg

81 81

ekaashi

Jplusmnasreg

82 82

biraashi

scmasreg

83 83

tiraashi

symasreg

84 84

curaashi

pararsaquomasreg

85 85

pâcaashi

zIumlparaasreg

86 86

chiyaashi

smiddotfrac12asreg

87 87

saataashi

ayasreg

88 88

aataashi

Aaqasreg

89 89

uunanabbai

GppCAtildeS

90 90

nabbai

pCAtildeS

91 91

ekaanabbai

JplusmnapCAtildeS

92 92 biraanabbai

scmapCAtildeS

93 93

tiraanabbai

symapCAtildeS

94 94

curaanabbai


95 95

pâc-aanabbai

zIumlparaapCAtildeS

96 96 chiyaanabbai


97 97 saataanabbai

ayapCAtildeS

98 98 aataanabbai

AaqapCAtildeS

99 99 niraanabbai

spmapCAtildeS








1000000000000000












23 = tin bhaager

dui bhaag



























































MONTHS AND SEASONS




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------




FEBRUARY ---------- ------------------------------




APRIL ---------- ------------------------------




JUNE ---------- ------------------------------




AUGUST ---------- ------------------------------




OCTOBER ---------- ------------------------------




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------





baparaiacute maarc

Jslsquoznot epril

Ecircb me

cedilrsaquop jun


Aasup3laquoq aagast


AjQacm aktobar





DATES












TIME ON THE CLOCK


















Oclock

























Asking the Time






















or Honorific

[2nd or 3rd]


Consonant

1

Aasb aami

-s- -i

2

yrsaquosb tumi


3

Ecirc se


-Ecirc- -e

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-Ecirc-p -en






















aache




aache






















sentence


to speak









aache








meye kothaay aache











naam



(hâa) naa




(bhaala)




































1st 2nd 3rd or

Honorific [2nd or

3rd]

After a stem ending

in a Vowel

1 Aasb aami -S -i



-frac12 -y

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-p -n



















dey







dekhi


dooraay





Study 13






[= I go] aami cali

























yuddha kare













Person

1st 2nd 3rd

2nd Honorific or

3rd Honorific

After a Stem

Ending in a

Consonant

After a Stem

ending in a

Vowel

1 I we Aasb aami

AabmAacute aamaraa

-S -i -S -i


-Ecirc-Aacute -o

(- [=A] -a)

-Ecirc-Aacute -o

3 he

she they

it they

Ecirc se

yamAacute taaraa






N you YOU

he

she they

Aazsp aapani


sysp tini



-Ecirc-p -en -p -n













Study 19




baigulo anek aache


ekhaane aache




mukti caai



















asubidhaa paay





lok-der kasta hay


















































taake bal-be




















tumi kii khaaitecha























kintu ashaanti paai

















































The man took a book















haiben)



(shun-ben)

































[ or Jjnot ele]








































































2 You must come


3 You will come





6 Let him come




kaache aaso (aasa)

[ or JjAacute eso]









bull No I cant




Done

plusmnjm kare

come

Aaj Jj aase ese

eaten


slept


been

atildejfrac12 haye

taken

spjfrac12 niye

gone

ssup3jfrac12 giye

2 (Long form

Done


come


eaten


slept


been


taken


gone



(kariyaache)










5 We had all gone






smaran karila)































































or







or






or







or










or







or










or








or
































































[ or cS bai]











[ or Aazp aapan]







themselves




























[ or sup2cm khabar]

































































18 One must go now




















































5


priya janaab

raahmaan

[ or mahaashay]


aami tomaar cek




iti

[ or bhadaniiya]







aamaar daadaa didi






[ or szs pisi]



[ or ppi nanad]







Study 57 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

































praay dash din pare



















































CONTENTS

Page Subject

4 Introduction

4 Styles

4 Scripts



5 Sound Chart















26 Fractions




30 Dates


33-

63




INTRODUCTION




brackets



form







rules






Pronunciationrdquo







Held

Huffed

Held

Huffed

Nasals Semi-

vowels









ঃ ঃ




VOWELS


CONSONANT (SUCH



like hellip

hellip as in

the

English

word

(no

vowel)

(no


অ a

short ldquoardquo

short ldquoordquo

(inherent

a)

ldquowanderrdquo

ldquooffrdquo

প pa













(ldquopaupowrdquo)


(ldquopangrdquo)


ঃ ^ nasal

faintly as

in French

ldquononrdquo





CONSONANTS

Group Char-

acter Roman

Form

Sounds

like hellip

hellip as in the

English word


- in the






- on the


ldquomatchheadrdquo





- on the


ldquomalthouserdquo

of the






lumprdquo



- on the






- on the




twinrdquo)





semi-








Guttural

semi-

vowel






LEADING VOWEL FORMS


etc

+rpa

etc













ndeg+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -

hh+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -

^+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -





+

`

+

a

+

aa

+

i

+

ii

+

u

+

u

+

rri

+

e

+

ee

+

o

+

oo

+


























problematical words









































6 See Note 5






10 See Note 5


possessive form


12 See Note 11
















4

Identifying Verbal

Noun

plusmnmAacute karaa

27

Infinitive Noun

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

27

Present Participle

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

45

Past Participle

plusmnjm kare


49


plusmnmjnot kar-le


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I do plusmnsm kari

(plusmnsm kari)


(plusmnm kara)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Present Imperative

Let me dohellip





2829

Present

Continuous

I am doing


(plusmnsmjysmiddot

karitechi)




(plusmnsmjyjmiddot

kariteche)



462

Present Perfect



kariyaachi)


kariyaacha)



kariyaache)



26

Future Indefinite



plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)

plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) do


(plusmnsmL kario)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Future Imperative

(You will) do


karibakarba-o)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 533

Future Continuous

I will be doing





karite thaakibe)







Future Perfect

I will have done

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I did


karilaam)





karilen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had done I did






karechila


kariyaachila)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should do

plusmnmyab kar-taam




(plusmnsmy karita)


kariten)

504

Past Continuous

I was doing






kar-chila


karitechila)





hellip kare aas-chi



hellip kare cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun


27

Infinitive Noun

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

27

Present Participle

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

45

Past Participle



49


Ecircsup2jnot khele


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I eat


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



431

Present Imperative

Let me eathellip


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



2829

Present

Continuous

I am eating


khaaitechi)



khaaitecha)





462

Present Perfect



khaaiyaachi)


kheyecha


khaaiyaacha)





26

Future Indefinite






khaaiben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) eat

- -


khaaiyo)



431

Future Imperative

(You will) eat


khaaiba

khaaiba-o)




khaaiben)



Future Perfect

I will have eaten

(Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase 534

Future Continuous

I will be eating


khete thaak-ba


khaaitehellip

thaakiba)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



thaakiben)

34


Past Historic

I ate


khaailaam)

Ecircsup2jnot khele



(sup2aSnot khaaila)


khaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had eaten I ate



khaaiyaa-

chilaam)




kheyechila


khaaiyaachila)




Past Frequentative

I should eat


khaaitaam)

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)


(sup2aSy khaaita)


khaaiten) 504

Past Continuous

I was eating





khaaitechile)


khaacchila


khaaitechila)



khaaitechilen)






hellip kheye cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun



27

Infinitive Noun



27

Present Participle



45

Past Participle



49




TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative









Present Imperative






garjaauk)


garjaaun) 2829

Present

Continuous

I am roaring




garjaaccha


garjaaitecha)



garjaaiteche)



garjaaitechen) 462

Present Perfect


garjiyechi


garjaaiyaachi)


garjiyecha


garjaaiyaacha)



garjaaiyaache)



26

Future Indefinite


garjaaba


garjaaiba)



garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)



431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) roar








431

Future Imperative

(You will) roar







garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)

535

Future Continuous

I will be roaring


garjaatehellip

thaak-ba

garjaatehellip


garjaaitehellip

thaakiba)


thaak-be


garjaaite

thaakibe)


thaak-be


garjaaitehellip

thaakibe)


thaak-ben


garjaaitehellip

thaakiben)

Future Perfect

I will have roared

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I roared



garjaailaam)




garjaalo




garjaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past




garjaaiyaa-

chilaam)




garjiyechila




5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten) 505

Past Continuous

I was roaring



garjaaite-

chilaam)






garjaaitechila)



garjaaitechilen)



garjiye aas-chi



garjiye cali

(garjaaiyaa cali)




TENSE

to do

plusmnmAacute karaa

to eat


to roar



61







sup2Aacute khaa

Let thou roarhellip


Present

Continuous

thou art doing




462

Present Perfect

thou hast doing




26

Future Indefinite

thou willst do

plusmnmsc kar-bi

thou willst eat



Future Imperative

Common

(thou willst) do


(thou willst) eat



431

Future Imperative

(thou willst) do




Future Continuous

I will be doing




464

Future Perfect


Rephrase


Rephrase


Rephrase

34


Past Historic

thou didst




4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past







5012



thou shouldst eat



Past Continuous

thou werst doing



thou werst roaring







0 0

shuunya

eumlethicirc

1 1

ek

Jplusmn

2 2

dui

UcircS

3 3

tin

syp

4 4

caar

paraam

5 5

pâac

zIumlapara

6 6

chay

middotfrac12

7 7

saat

ay

8 8

aat

Aaq

9 9

nay

pfrac12

10 10

dash

ireg

11 11

egaara

Jsup3am

12 12

baara

cam

13 13

tera

Ecircym

14 14

coodda


15 15

panera

zjpm

16 16

sola

Ecirciquestanot

17 17

satera

jym

18 18

aathaara

Aajwm

19 19

unnish

Gspreg

20 20

bish

screg

21 21

ekush

Jplusmnsbquoreg

22 22

baaish

caSreg

23 23

teish

EcircySreg

24 24

cabbish

parasCAtildereg

25 25

pâcish

zIumlsparareg

26 26

chaabbish

middotasCAtildereg

27 27

saataash

ayareg

28 28

aathaash

Aawareg

29 29

uunatrish

Gpsecircreg

30 30

trish

secircreg

31 31

ekatrish

Jplusmnsecircreg

32 32

batrish

csecircreg

33 33

tetrish

Ecircysecircreg

34 34

cootrish


35 35

pâyatrish


36 36

chatrish

middotsecircreg

37 37

sâaitrish

IumlaSsecircreg

38 38

aat-trish

Aaqsecircreg

39 39

uunacallish


40 40

callish

parasligravereg

41 41

ekacallish


42 42

biyaallish


43 43

tetaallish

Ecircyyasligravereg

44 44

cuyaallish


45 45

pâyataallish


46 46

checallish


47 47

saat-challish

aymiddotsligravereg

48 48

aat-callish

Aaqparasligravereg

49 49

uunapansup2caash

GpzTHORNareg

50 50

pansup2caash

zTHORNareg

51 51

ekaanna

JplusmnapETH

52 52

baahaanna

caatildeap ETH

53 53

tippaanna

syzUacuteapETH

54 54

cuyaanna


55 55

pansup2caanna

zTHORNapETH

56 56

chaappaanna

middotazUacuteapETH

57 57

saataanna

ayapETH

58 58

aataanna

AaqapETH

59 59

uunasaat

Gpiquestaq

60 60

saat

iquestaq

61 61

ek-satti


62 62

baasatti

caiquestslsaquo

63 63

tesatti

Ecircyiquestslsaquo

64 64

coosatti


65 65

pâyasatti


66 66

chesatti


67 67

saat-satti

ayiquestslsaquo

68 68

aat-satti

Aaqiquestslsaquo

69 69

uunasattar

Gpraquom

70 70

sattar

raquom

71 71

ekaattar

Jplusmnaraquom

72 72

baahaattar

caatildearaquom

73 83

tiyaattar

syfrac12araquom

74 74

cuyaattar


75 75

pâcaattar

zIumlparaaraquom

76 76

chiyaattar


77 77

saataattar

ayaraquom

78 78

aataattar

Aaqaraquom

79 79

uunaashi

Gpasreg

80 80

aashi

Aasreg

81 81

ekaashi

Jplusmnasreg

82 82

biraashi

scmasreg

83 83

tiraashi

symasreg

84 84

curaashi

pararsaquomasreg

85 85

pâcaashi

zIumlparaasreg

86 86

chiyaashi

smiddotfrac12asreg

87 87

saataashi

ayasreg

88 88

aataashi

Aaqasreg

89 89

uunanabbai

GppCAtildeS

90 90

nabbai

pCAtildeS

91 91

ekaanabbai

JplusmnapCAtildeS

92 92 biraanabbai

scmapCAtildeS

93 93

tiraanabbai

symapCAtildeS

94 94

curaanabbai


95 95

pâc-aanabbai

zIumlparaapCAtildeS

96 96 chiyaanabbai


97 97 saataanabbai

ayapCAtildeS

98 98 aataanabbai

AaqapCAtildeS

99 99 niraanabbai

spmapCAtildeS








1000000000000000












23 = tin bhaager

dui bhaag



























































MONTHS AND SEASONS




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------




FEBRUARY ---------- ------------------------------




APRIL ---------- ------------------------------




JUNE ---------- ------------------------------




AUGUST ---------- ------------------------------




OCTOBER ---------- ------------------------------




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------





baparaiacute maarc

Jslsquoznot epril

Ecircb me

cedilrsaquop jun


Aasup3laquoq aagast


AjQacm aktobar





DATES












TIME ON THE CLOCK


















Oclock

























Asking the Time






















or Honorific

[2nd or 3rd]


Consonant

1

Aasb aami

-s- -i

2

yrsaquosb tumi


3

Ecirc se


-Ecirc- -e

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-Ecirc-p -en






















aache




aache






















sentence


to speak









aache








meye kothaay aache











naam



(hâa) naa




(bhaala)




































1st 2nd 3rd or

Honorific [2nd or

3rd]

After a stem ending

in a Vowel

1 Aasb aami -S -i



-frac12 -y

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-p -n



















dey







dekhi


dooraay





Study 13






[= I go] aami cali

























yuddha kare













Person

1st 2nd 3rd

2nd Honorific or

3rd Honorific

After a Stem

Ending in a

Consonant

After a Stem

ending in a

Vowel

1 I we Aasb aami

AabmAacute aamaraa

-S -i -S -i


-Ecirc-Aacute -o

(- [=A] -a)

-Ecirc-Aacute -o

3 he

she they

it they

Ecirc se

yamAacute taaraa






N you YOU

he

she they

Aazsp aapani


sysp tini



-Ecirc-p -en -p -n













Study 19




baigulo anek aache


ekhaane aache




mukti caai



















asubidhaa paay





lok-der kasta hay


















































taake bal-be




















tumi kii khaaitecha























kintu ashaanti paai

















































The man took a book















haiben)



(shun-ben)

































[ or Jjnot ele]








































































2 You must come


3 You will come





6 Let him come




kaache aaso (aasa)

[ or JjAacute eso]









bull No I cant




Done

plusmnjm kare

come

Aaj Jj aase ese

eaten


slept


been

atildejfrac12 haye

taken

spjfrac12 niye

gone

ssup3jfrac12 giye

2 (Long form

Done


come


eaten


slept


been


taken


gone



(kariyaache)










5 We had all gone






smaran karila)































































or







or






or







or










or







or










or








or
































































[ or cS bai]











[ or Aazp aapan]







themselves




























[ or sup2cm khabar]

































































18 One must go now




















































5


priya janaab

raahmaan

[ or mahaashay]


aami tomaar cek




iti

[ or bhadaniiya]







aamaar daadaa didi






[ or szs pisi]



[ or ppi nanad]







Study 57 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

































praay dash din pare



















































INTRODUCTION




brackets



form







rules






Pronunciationrdquo







Held

Huffed

Held

Huffed

Nasals Semi-

vowels









ঃ ঃ




VOWELS


CONSONANT (SUCH



like hellip

hellip as in

the

English

word

(no

vowel)

(no


অ a

short ldquoardquo

short ldquoordquo

(inherent

a)

ldquowanderrdquo

ldquooffrdquo

প pa













(ldquopaupowrdquo)


(ldquopangrdquo)


ঃ ^ nasal

faintly as

in French

ldquononrdquo





CONSONANTS

Group Char-

acter Roman

Form

Sounds

like hellip

hellip as in the

English word


- in the






- on the


ldquomatchheadrdquo





- on the


ldquomalthouserdquo

of the






lumprdquo



- on the






- on the




twinrdquo)





semi-








Guttural

semi-

vowel






LEADING VOWEL FORMS


etc

+rpa

etc













ndeg+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -

hh+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -

^+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -





+

`

+

a

+

aa

+

i

+

ii

+

u

+

u

+

rri

+

e

+

ee

+

o

+

oo

+


























problematical words









































6 See Note 5






10 See Note 5


possessive form


12 See Note 11
















4

Identifying Verbal

Noun

plusmnmAacute karaa

27

Infinitive Noun

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

27

Present Participle

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

45

Past Participle

plusmnjm kare


49


plusmnmjnot kar-le


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I do plusmnsm kari

(plusmnsm kari)


(plusmnm kara)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Present Imperative

Let me dohellip





2829

Present

Continuous

I am doing


(plusmnsmjysmiddot

karitechi)




(plusmnsmjyjmiddot

kariteche)



462

Present Perfect



kariyaachi)


kariyaacha)



kariyaache)



26

Future Indefinite



plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)

plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) do


(plusmnsmL kario)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Future Imperative

(You will) do


karibakarba-o)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 533

Future Continuous

I will be doing





karite thaakibe)







Future Perfect

I will have done

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I did


karilaam)





karilen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had done I did






karechila


kariyaachila)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should do

plusmnmyab kar-taam




(plusmnsmy karita)


kariten)

504

Past Continuous

I was doing






kar-chila


karitechila)





hellip kare aas-chi



hellip kare cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun


27

Infinitive Noun

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

27

Present Participle

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

45

Past Participle



49


Ecircsup2jnot khele


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I eat


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



431

Present Imperative

Let me eathellip


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



2829

Present

Continuous

I am eating


khaaitechi)



khaaitecha)





462

Present Perfect



khaaiyaachi)


kheyecha


khaaiyaacha)





26

Future Indefinite






khaaiben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) eat

- -


khaaiyo)



431

Future Imperative

(You will) eat


khaaiba

khaaiba-o)




khaaiben)



Future Perfect

I will have eaten

(Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase 534

Future Continuous

I will be eating


khete thaak-ba


khaaitehellip

thaakiba)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



thaakiben)

34


Past Historic

I ate


khaailaam)

Ecircsup2jnot khele



(sup2aSnot khaaila)


khaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had eaten I ate



khaaiyaa-

chilaam)




kheyechila


khaaiyaachila)




Past Frequentative

I should eat


khaaitaam)

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)


(sup2aSy khaaita)


khaaiten) 504

Past Continuous

I was eating





khaaitechile)


khaacchila


khaaitechila)



khaaitechilen)






hellip kheye cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun



27

Infinitive Noun



27

Present Participle



45

Past Participle



49




TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative









Present Imperative






garjaauk)


garjaaun) 2829

Present

Continuous

I am roaring




garjaaccha


garjaaitecha)



garjaaiteche)



garjaaitechen) 462

Present Perfect


garjiyechi


garjaaiyaachi)


garjiyecha


garjaaiyaacha)



garjaaiyaache)



26

Future Indefinite


garjaaba


garjaaiba)



garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)



431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) roar








431

Future Imperative

(You will) roar







garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)

535

Future Continuous

I will be roaring


garjaatehellip

thaak-ba

garjaatehellip


garjaaitehellip

thaakiba)


thaak-be


garjaaite

thaakibe)


thaak-be


garjaaitehellip

thaakibe)


thaak-ben


garjaaitehellip

thaakiben)

Future Perfect

I will have roared

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I roared



garjaailaam)




garjaalo




garjaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past




garjaaiyaa-

chilaam)




garjiyechila




5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten) 505

Past Continuous

I was roaring



garjaaite-

chilaam)






garjaaitechila)



garjaaitechilen)



garjiye aas-chi



garjiye cali

(garjaaiyaa cali)




TENSE

to do

plusmnmAacute karaa

to eat


to roar



61







sup2Aacute khaa

Let thou roarhellip


Present

Continuous

thou art doing




462

Present Perfect

thou hast doing




26

Future Indefinite

thou willst do

plusmnmsc kar-bi

thou willst eat



Future Imperative

Common

(thou willst) do


(thou willst) eat



431

Future Imperative

(thou willst) do




Future Continuous

I will be doing




464

Future Perfect


Rephrase


Rephrase


Rephrase

34


Past Historic

thou didst




4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past







5012



thou shouldst eat



Past Continuous

thou werst doing



thou werst roaring







0 0

shuunya

eumlethicirc

1 1

ek

Jplusmn

2 2

dui

UcircS

3 3

tin

syp

4 4

caar

paraam

5 5

pâac

zIumlapara

6 6

chay

middotfrac12

7 7

saat

ay

8 8

aat

Aaq

9 9

nay

pfrac12

10 10

dash

ireg

11 11

egaara

Jsup3am

12 12

baara

cam

13 13

tera

Ecircym

14 14

coodda


15 15

panera

zjpm

16 16

sola

Ecirciquestanot

17 17

satera

jym

18 18

aathaara

Aajwm

19 19

unnish

Gspreg

20 20

bish

screg

21 21

ekush

Jplusmnsbquoreg

22 22

baaish

caSreg

23 23

teish

EcircySreg

24 24

cabbish

parasCAtildereg

25 25

pâcish

zIumlsparareg

26 26

chaabbish

middotasCAtildereg

27 27

saataash

ayareg

28 28

aathaash

Aawareg

29 29

uunatrish

Gpsecircreg

30 30

trish

secircreg

31 31

ekatrish

Jplusmnsecircreg

32 32

batrish

csecircreg

33 33

tetrish

Ecircysecircreg

34 34

cootrish


35 35

pâyatrish


36 36

chatrish

middotsecircreg

37 37

sâaitrish

IumlaSsecircreg

38 38

aat-trish

Aaqsecircreg

39 39

uunacallish


40 40

callish

parasligravereg

41 41

ekacallish


42 42

biyaallish


43 43

tetaallish

Ecircyyasligravereg

44 44

cuyaallish


45 45

pâyataallish


46 46

checallish


47 47

saat-challish

aymiddotsligravereg

48 48

aat-callish

Aaqparasligravereg

49 49

uunapansup2caash

GpzTHORNareg

50 50

pansup2caash

zTHORNareg

51 51

ekaanna

JplusmnapETH

52 52

baahaanna

caatildeap ETH

53 53

tippaanna

syzUacuteapETH

54 54

cuyaanna


55 55

pansup2caanna

zTHORNapETH

56 56

chaappaanna

middotazUacuteapETH

57 57

saataanna

ayapETH

58 58

aataanna

AaqapETH

59 59

uunasaat

Gpiquestaq

60 60

saat

iquestaq

61 61

ek-satti


62 62

baasatti

caiquestslsaquo

63 63

tesatti

Ecircyiquestslsaquo

64 64

coosatti


65 65

pâyasatti


66 66

chesatti


67 67

saat-satti

ayiquestslsaquo

68 68

aat-satti

Aaqiquestslsaquo

69 69

uunasattar

Gpraquom

70 70

sattar

raquom

71 71

ekaattar

Jplusmnaraquom

72 72

baahaattar

caatildearaquom

73 83

tiyaattar

syfrac12araquom

74 74

cuyaattar


75 75

pâcaattar

zIumlparaaraquom

76 76

chiyaattar


77 77

saataattar

ayaraquom

78 78

aataattar

Aaqaraquom

79 79

uunaashi

Gpasreg

80 80

aashi

Aasreg

81 81

ekaashi

Jplusmnasreg

82 82

biraashi

scmasreg

83 83

tiraashi

symasreg

84 84

curaashi

pararsaquomasreg

85 85

pâcaashi

zIumlparaasreg

86 86

chiyaashi

smiddotfrac12asreg

87 87

saataashi

ayasreg

88 88

aataashi

Aaqasreg

89 89

uunanabbai

GppCAtildeS

90 90

nabbai

pCAtildeS

91 91

ekaanabbai

JplusmnapCAtildeS

92 92 biraanabbai

scmapCAtildeS

93 93

tiraanabbai

symapCAtildeS

94 94

curaanabbai


95 95

pâc-aanabbai

zIumlparaapCAtildeS

96 96 chiyaanabbai


97 97 saataanabbai

ayapCAtildeS

98 98 aataanabbai

AaqapCAtildeS

99 99 niraanabbai

spmapCAtildeS








1000000000000000












23 = tin bhaager

dui bhaag



























































MONTHS AND SEASONS




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------




FEBRUARY ---------- ------------------------------




APRIL ---------- ------------------------------




JUNE ---------- ------------------------------




AUGUST ---------- ------------------------------




OCTOBER ---------- ------------------------------




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------





baparaiacute maarc

Jslsquoznot epril

Ecircb me

cedilrsaquop jun


Aasup3laquoq aagast


AjQacm aktobar





DATES












TIME ON THE CLOCK


















Oclock

























Asking the Time






















or Honorific

[2nd or 3rd]


Consonant

1

Aasb aami

-s- -i

2

yrsaquosb tumi


3

Ecirc se


-Ecirc- -e

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-Ecirc-p -en






















aache




aache






















sentence


to speak









aache








meye kothaay aache











naam



(hâa) naa




(bhaala)




































1st 2nd 3rd or

Honorific [2nd or

3rd]

After a stem ending

in a Vowel

1 Aasb aami -S -i



-frac12 -y

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-p -n



















dey







dekhi


dooraay





Study 13






[= I go] aami cali

























yuddha kare













Person

1st 2nd 3rd

2nd Honorific or

3rd Honorific

After a Stem

Ending in a

Consonant

After a Stem

ending in a

Vowel

1 I we Aasb aami

AabmAacute aamaraa

-S -i -S -i


-Ecirc-Aacute -o

(- [=A] -a)

-Ecirc-Aacute -o

3 he

she they

it they

Ecirc se

yamAacute taaraa






N you YOU

he

she they

Aazsp aapani


sysp tini



-Ecirc-p -en -p -n













Study 19




baigulo anek aache


ekhaane aache




mukti caai



















asubidhaa paay





lok-der kasta hay


















































taake bal-be




















tumi kii khaaitecha























kintu ashaanti paai

















































The man took a book















haiben)



(shun-ben)

































[ or Jjnot ele]








































































2 You must come


3 You will come





6 Let him come




kaache aaso (aasa)

[ or JjAacute eso]









bull No I cant




Done

plusmnjm kare

come

Aaj Jj aase ese

eaten


slept


been

atildejfrac12 haye

taken

spjfrac12 niye

gone

ssup3jfrac12 giye

2 (Long form

Done


come


eaten


slept


been


taken


gone



(kariyaache)










5 We had all gone






smaran karila)































































or







or






or







or










or







or










or








or
































































[ or cS bai]











[ or Aazp aapan]







themselves




























[ or sup2cm khabar]

































































18 One must go now




















































5


priya janaab

raahmaan

[ or mahaashay]


aami tomaar cek




iti

[ or bhadaniiya]







aamaar daadaa didi






[ or szs pisi]



[ or ppi nanad]







Study 57 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

































praay dash din pare























































Held

Huffed

Held

Huffed

Nasals Semi-

vowels









ঃ ঃ




VOWELS


CONSONANT (SUCH



like hellip

hellip as in

the

English

word

(no

vowel)

(no


অ a

short ldquoardquo

short ldquoordquo

(inherent

a)

ldquowanderrdquo

ldquooffrdquo

প pa













(ldquopaupowrdquo)


(ldquopangrdquo)


ঃ ^ nasal

faintly as

in French

ldquononrdquo





CONSONANTS

Group Char-

acter Roman

Form

Sounds

like hellip

hellip as in the

English word


- in the






- on the


ldquomatchheadrdquo





- on the


ldquomalthouserdquo

of the






lumprdquo



- on the






- on the




twinrdquo)





semi-








Guttural

semi-

vowel






LEADING VOWEL FORMS


etc

+rpa

etc













ndeg+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -

hh+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -

^+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -





+

`

+

a

+

aa

+

i

+

ii

+

u

+

u

+

rri

+

e

+

ee

+

o

+

oo

+


























problematical words









































6 See Note 5






10 See Note 5


possessive form


12 See Note 11
















4

Identifying Verbal

Noun

plusmnmAacute karaa

27

Infinitive Noun

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

27

Present Participle

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

45

Past Participle

plusmnjm kare


49


plusmnmjnot kar-le


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I do plusmnsm kari

(plusmnsm kari)


(plusmnm kara)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Present Imperative

Let me dohellip





2829

Present

Continuous

I am doing


(plusmnsmjysmiddot

karitechi)




(plusmnsmjyjmiddot

kariteche)



462

Present Perfect



kariyaachi)


kariyaacha)



kariyaache)



26

Future Indefinite



plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)

plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) do


(plusmnsmL kario)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Future Imperative

(You will) do


karibakarba-o)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 533

Future Continuous

I will be doing





karite thaakibe)







Future Perfect

I will have done

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I did


karilaam)





karilen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had done I did






karechila


kariyaachila)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should do

plusmnmyab kar-taam




(plusmnsmy karita)


kariten)

504

Past Continuous

I was doing






kar-chila


karitechila)





hellip kare aas-chi



hellip kare cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun


27

Infinitive Noun

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

27

Present Participle

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

45

Past Participle



49


Ecircsup2jnot khele


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I eat


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



431

Present Imperative

Let me eathellip


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



2829

Present

Continuous

I am eating


khaaitechi)



khaaitecha)





462

Present Perfect



khaaiyaachi)


kheyecha


khaaiyaacha)





26

Future Indefinite






khaaiben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) eat

- -


khaaiyo)



431

Future Imperative

(You will) eat


khaaiba

khaaiba-o)




khaaiben)



Future Perfect

I will have eaten

(Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase 534

Future Continuous

I will be eating


khete thaak-ba


khaaitehellip

thaakiba)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



thaakiben)

34


Past Historic

I ate


khaailaam)

Ecircsup2jnot khele



(sup2aSnot khaaila)


khaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had eaten I ate



khaaiyaa-

chilaam)




kheyechila


khaaiyaachila)




Past Frequentative

I should eat


khaaitaam)

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)


(sup2aSy khaaita)


khaaiten) 504

Past Continuous

I was eating





khaaitechile)


khaacchila


khaaitechila)



khaaitechilen)






hellip kheye cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun



27

Infinitive Noun



27

Present Participle



45

Past Participle



49




TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative









Present Imperative






garjaauk)


garjaaun) 2829

Present

Continuous

I am roaring




garjaaccha


garjaaitecha)



garjaaiteche)



garjaaitechen) 462

Present Perfect


garjiyechi


garjaaiyaachi)


garjiyecha


garjaaiyaacha)



garjaaiyaache)



26

Future Indefinite


garjaaba


garjaaiba)



garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)



431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) roar








431

Future Imperative

(You will) roar







garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)

535

Future Continuous

I will be roaring


garjaatehellip

thaak-ba

garjaatehellip


garjaaitehellip

thaakiba)


thaak-be


garjaaite

thaakibe)


thaak-be


garjaaitehellip

thaakibe)


thaak-ben


garjaaitehellip

thaakiben)

Future Perfect

I will have roared

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I roared



garjaailaam)




garjaalo




garjaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past




garjaaiyaa-

chilaam)




garjiyechila




5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten) 505

Past Continuous

I was roaring



garjaaite-

chilaam)






garjaaitechila)



garjaaitechilen)



garjiye aas-chi



garjiye cali

(garjaaiyaa cali)




TENSE

to do

plusmnmAacute karaa

to eat


to roar



61







sup2Aacute khaa

Let thou roarhellip


Present

Continuous

thou art doing




462

Present Perfect

thou hast doing




26

Future Indefinite

thou willst do

plusmnmsc kar-bi

thou willst eat



Future Imperative

Common

(thou willst) do


(thou willst) eat



431

Future Imperative

(thou willst) do




Future Continuous

I will be doing




464

Future Perfect


Rephrase


Rephrase


Rephrase

34


Past Historic

thou didst




4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past







5012



thou shouldst eat



Past Continuous

thou werst doing



thou werst roaring







0 0

shuunya

eumlethicirc

1 1

ek

Jplusmn

2 2

dui

UcircS

3 3

tin

syp

4 4

caar

paraam

5 5

pâac

zIumlapara

6 6

chay

middotfrac12

7 7

saat

ay

8 8

aat

Aaq

9 9

nay

pfrac12

10 10

dash

ireg

11 11

egaara

Jsup3am

12 12

baara

cam

13 13

tera

Ecircym

14 14

coodda


15 15

panera

zjpm

16 16

sola

Ecirciquestanot

17 17

satera

jym

18 18

aathaara

Aajwm

19 19

unnish

Gspreg

20 20

bish

screg

21 21

ekush

Jplusmnsbquoreg

22 22

baaish

caSreg

23 23

teish

EcircySreg

24 24

cabbish

parasCAtildereg

25 25

pâcish

zIumlsparareg

26 26

chaabbish

middotasCAtildereg

27 27

saataash

ayareg

28 28

aathaash

Aawareg

29 29

uunatrish

Gpsecircreg

30 30

trish

secircreg

31 31

ekatrish

Jplusmnsecircreg

32 32

batrish

csecircreg

33 33

tetrish

Ecircysecircreg

34 34

cootrish


35 35

pâyatrish


36 36

chatrish

middotsecircreg

37 37

sâaitrish

IumlaSsecircreg

38 38

aat-trish

Aaqsecircreg

39 39

uunacallish


40 40

callish

parasligravereg

41 41

ekacallish


42 42

biyaallish


43 43

tetaallish

Ecircyyasligravereg

44 44

cuyaallish


45 45

pâyataallish


46 46

checallish


47 47

saat-challish

aymiddotsligravereg

48 48

aat-callish

Aaqparasligravereg

49 49

uunapansup2caash

GpzTHORNareg

50 50

pansup2caash

zTHORNareg

51 51

ekaanna

JplusmnapETH

52 52

baahaanna

caatildeap ETH

53 53

tippaanna

syzUacuteapETH

54 54

cuyaanna


55 55

pansup2caanna

zTHORNapETH

56 56

chaappaanna

middotazUacuteapETH

57 57

saataanna

ayapETH

58 58

aataanna

AaqapETH

59 59

uunasaat

Gpiquestaq

60 60

saat

iquestaq

61 61

ek-satti


62 62

baasatti

caiquestslsaquo

63 63

tesatti

Ecircyiquestslsaquo

64 64

coosatti


65 65

pâyasatti


66 66

chesatti


67 67

saat-satti

ayiquestslsaquo

68 68

aat-satti

Aaqiquestslsaquo

69 69

uunasattar

Gpraquom

70 70

sattar

raquom

71 71

ekaattar

Jplusmnaraquom

72 72

baahaattar

caatildearaquom

73 83

tiyaattar

syfrac12araquom

74 74

cuyaattar


75 75

pâcaattar

zIumlparaaraquom

76 76

chiyaattar


77 77

saataattar

ayaraquom

78 78

aataattar

Aaqaraquom

79 79

uunaashi

Gpasreg

80 80

aashi

Aasreg

81 81

ekaashi

Jplusmnasreg

82 82

biraashi

scmasreg

83 83

tiraashi

symasreg

84 84

curaashi

pararsaquomasreg

85 85

pâcaashi

zIumlparaasreg

86 86

chiyaashi

smiddotfrac12asreg

87 87

saataashi

ayasreg

88 88

aataashi

Aaqasreg

89 89

uunanabbai

GppCAtildeS

90 90

nabbai

pCAtildeS

91 91

ekaanabbai

JplusmnapCAtildeS

92 92 biraanabbai

scmapCAtildeS

93 93

tiraanabbai

symapCAtildeS

94 94

curaanabbai


95 95

pâc-aanabbai

zIumlparaapCAtildeS

96 96 chiyaanabbai


97 97 saataanabbai

ayapCAtildeS

98 98 aataanabbai

AaqapCAtildeS

99 99 niraanabbai

spmapCAtildeS








1000000000000000












23 = tin bhaager

dui bhaag



























































MONTHS AND SEASONS




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------




FEBRUARY ---------- ------------------------------




APRIL ---------- ------------------------------




JUNE ---------- ------------------------------




AUGUST ---------- ------------------------------




OCTOBER ---------- ------------------------------




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------





baparaiacute maarc

Jslsquoznot epril

Ecircb me

cedilrsaquop jun


Aasup3laquoq aagast


AjQacm aktobar





DATES












TIME ON THE CLOCK


















Oclock

























Asking the Time






















or Honorific

[2nd or 3rd]


Consonant

1

Aasb aami

-s- -i

2

yrsaquosb tumi


3

Ecirc se


-Ecirc- -e

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-Ecirc-p -en






















aache




aache






















sentence


to speak









aache








meye kothaay aache











naam



(hâa) naa




(bhaala)




































1st 2nd 3rd or

Honorific [2nd or

3rd]

After a stem ending

in a Vowel

1 Aasb aami -S -i



-frac12 -y

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-p -n



















dey







dekhi


dooraay





Study 13






[= I go] aami cali

























yuddha kare













Person

1st 2nd 3rd

2nd Honorific or

3rd Honorific

After a Stem

Ending in a

Consonant

After a Stem

ending in a

Vowel

1 I we Aasb aami

AabmAacute aamaraa

-S -i -S -i


-Ecirc-Aacute -o

(- [=A] -a)

-Ecirc-Aacute -o

3 he

she they

it they

Ecirc se

yamAacute taaraa






N you YOU

he

she they

Aazsp aapani


sysp tini



-Ecirc-p -en -p -n













Study 19




baigulo anek aache


ekhaane aache




mukti caai



















asubidhaa paay





lok-der kasta hay


















































taake bal-be




















tumi kii khaaitecha























kintu ashaanti paai

















































The man took a book















haiben)



(shun-ben)

































[ or Jjnot ele]








































































2 You must come


3 You will come





6 Let him come




kaache aaso (aasa)

[ or JjAacute eso]









bull No I cant




Done

plusmnjm kare

come

Aaj Jj aase ese

eaten


slept


been

atildejfrac12 haye

taken

spjfrac12 niye

gone

ssup3jfrac12 giye

2 (Long form

Done


come


eaten


slept


been


taken


gone



(kariyaache)










5 We had all gone






smaran karila)































































or







or






or







or










or







or










or








or
































































[ or cS bai]











[ or Aazp aapan]







themselves




























[ or sup2cm khabar]

































































18 One must go now




















































5


priya janaab

raahmaan

[ or mahaashay]


aami tomaar cek




iti

[ or bhadaniiya]







aamaar daadaa didi






[ or szs pisi]



[ or ppi nanad]







Study 57 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

































praay dash din pare




















































VOWELS


CONSONANT (SUCH



like hellip

hellip as in

the

English

word

(no

vowel)

(no


অ a

short ldquoardquo

short ldquoordquo

(inherent

a)

ldquowanderrdquo

ldquooffrdquo

প pa













(ldquopaupowrdquo)


(ldquopangrdquo)


ঃ ^ nasal

faintly as

in French

ldquononrdquo





CONSONANTS

Group Char-

acter Roman

Form

Sounds

like hellip

hellip as in the

English word


- in the






- on the


ldquomatchheadrdquo





- on the


ldquomalthouserdquo

of the






lumprdquo



- on the






- on the




twinrdquo)





semi-








Guttural

semi-

vowel






LEADING VOWEL FORMS


etc

+rpa

etc













ndeg+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -

hh+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -

^+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -





+

`

+

a

+

aa

+

i

+

ii

+

u

+

u

+

rri

+

e

+

ee

+

o

+

oo

+


























problematical words









































6 See Note 5






10 See Note 5


possessive form


12 See Note 11
















4

Identifying Verbal

Noun

plusmnmAacute karaa

27

Infinitive Noun

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

27

Present Participle

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

45

Past Participle

plusmnjm kare


49


plusmnmjnot kar-le


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I do plusmnsm kari

(plusmnsm kari)


(plusmnm kara)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Present Imperative

Let me dohellip





2829

Present

Continuous

I am doing


(plusmnsmjysmiddot

karitechi)




(plusmnsmjyjmiddot

kariteche)



462

Present Perfect



kariyaachi)


kariyaacha)



kariyaache)



26

Future Indefinite



plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)

plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) do


(plusmnsmL kario)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Future Imperative

(You will) do


karibakarba-o)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 533

Future Continuous

I will be doing





karite thaakibe)







Future Perfect

I will have done

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I did


karilaam)





karilen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had done I did






karechila


kariyaachila)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should do

plusmnmyab kar-taam




(plusmnsmy karita)


kariten)

504

Past Continuous

I was doing






kar-chila


karitechila)





hellip kare aas-chi



hellip kare cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun


27

Infinitive Noun

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

27

Present Participle

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

45

Past Participle



49


Ecircsup2jnot khele


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I eat


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



431

Present Imperative

Let me eathellip


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



2829

Present

Continuous

I am eating


khaaitechi)



khaaitecha)





462

Present Perfect



khaaiyaachi)


kheyecha


khaaiyaacha)





26

Future Indefinite






khaaiben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) eat

- -


khaaiyo)



431

Future Imperative

(You will) eat


khaaiba

khaaiba-o)




khaaiben)



Future Perfect

I will have eaten

(Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase 534

Future Continuous

I will be eating


khete thaak-ba


khaaitehellip

thaakiba)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



thaakiben)

34


Past Historic

I ate


khaailaam)

Ecircsup2jnot khele



(sup2aSnot khaaila)


khaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had eaten I ate



khaaiyaa-

chilaam)




kheyechila


khaaiyaachila)




Past Frequentative

I should eat


khaaitaam)

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)


(sup2aSy khaaita)


khaaiten) 504

Past Continuous

I was eating





khaaitechile)


khaacchila


khaaitechila)



khaaitechilen)






hellip kheye cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun



27

Infinitive Noun



27

Present Participle



45

Past Participle



49




TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative









Present Imperative






garjaauk)


garjaaun) 2829

Present

Continuous

I am roaring




garjaaccha


garjaaitecha)



garjaaiteche)



garjaaitechen) 462

Present Perfect


garjiyechi


garjaaiyaachi)


garjiyecha


garjaaiyaacha)



garjaaiyaache)



26

Future Indefinite


garjaaba


garjaaiba)



garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)



431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) roar








431

Future Imperative

(You will) roar







garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)

535

Future Continuous

I will be roaring


garjaatehellip

thaak-ba

garjaatehellip


garjaaitehellip

thaakiba)


thaak-be


garjaaite

thaakibe)


thaak-be


garjaaitehellip

thaakibe)


thaak-ben


garjaaitehellip

thaakiben)

Future Perfect

I will have roared

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I roared



garjaailaam)




garjaalo




garjaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past




garjaaiyaa-

chilaam)




garjiyechila




5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten) 505

Past Continuous

I was roaring



garjaaite-

chilaam)






garjaaitechila)



garjaaitechilen)



garjiye aas-chi



garjiye cali

(garjaaiyaa cali)




TENSE

to do

plusmnmAacute karaa

to eat


to roar



61







sup2Aacute khaa

Let thou roarhellip


Present

Continuous

thou art doing




462

Present Perfect

thou hast doing




26

Future Indefinite

thou willst do

plusmnmsc kar-bi

thou willst eat



Future Imperative

Common

(thou willst) do


(thou willst) eat



431

Future Imperative

(thou willst) do




Future Continuous

I will be doing




464

Future Perfect


Rephrase


Rephrase


Rephrase

34


Past Historic

thou didst




4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past







5012



thou shouldst eat



Past Continuous

thou werst doing



thou werst roaring







0 0

shuunya

eumlethicirc

1 1

ek

Jplusmn

2 2

dui

UcircS

3 3

tin

syp

4 4

caar

paraam

5 5

pâac

zIumlapara

6 6

chay

middotfrac12

7 7

saat

ay

8 8

aat

Aaq

9 9

nay

pfrac12

10 10

dash

ireg

11 11

egaara

Jsup3am

12 12

baara

cam

13 13

tera

Ecircym

14 14

coodda


15 15

panera

zjpm

16 16

sola

Ecirciquestanot

17 17

satera

jym

18 18

aathaara

Aajwm

19 19

unnish

Gspreg

20 20

bish

screg

21 21

ekush

Jplusmnsbquoreg

22 22

baaish

caSreg

23 23

teish

EcircySreg

24 24

cabbish

parasCAtildereg

25 25

pâcish

zIumlsparareg

26 26

chaabbish

middotasCAtildereg

27 27

saataash

ayareg

28 28

aathaash

Aawareg

29 29

uunatrish

Gpsecircreg

30 30

trish

secircreg

31 31

ekatrish

Jplusmnsecircreg

32 32

batrish

csecircreg

33 33

tetrish

Ecircysecircreg

34 34

cootrish


35 35

pâyatrish


36 36

chatrish

middotsecircreg

37 37

sâaitrish

IumlaSsecircreg

38 38

aat-trish

Aaqsecircreg

39 39

uunacallish


40 40

callish

parasligravereg

41 41

ekacallish


42 42

biyaallish


43 43

tetaallish

Ecircyyasligravereg

44 44

cuyaallish


45 45

pâyataallish


46 46

checallish


47 47

saat-challish

aymiddotsligravereg

48 48

aat-callish

Aaqparasligravereg

49 49

uunapansup2caash

GpzTHORNareg

50 50

pansup2caash

zTHORNareg

51 51

ekaanna

JplusmnapETH

52 52

baahaanna

caatildeap ETH

53 53

tippaanna

syzUacuteapETH

54 54

cuyaanna


55 55

pansup2caanna

zTHORNapETH

56 56

chaappaanna

middotazUacuteapETH

57 57

saataanna

ayapETH

58 58

aataanna

AaqapETH

59 59

uunasaat

Gpiquestaq

60 60

saat

iquestaq

61 61

ek-satti


62 62

baasatti

caiquestslsaquo

63 63

tesatti

Ecircyiquestslsaquo

64 64

coosatti


65 65

pâyasatti


66 66

chesatti


67 67

saat-satti

ayiquestslsaquo

68 68

aat-satti

Aaqiquestslsaquo

69 69

uunasattar

Gpraquom

70 70

sattar

raquom

71 71

ekaattar

Jplusmnaraquom

72 72

baahaattar

caatildearaquom

73 83

tiyaattar

syfrac12araquom

74 74

cuyaattar


75 75

pâcaattar

zIumlparaaraquom

76 76

chiyaattar


77 77

saataattar

ayaraquom

78 78

aataattar

Aaqaraquom

79 79

uunaashi

Gpasreg

80 80

aashi

Aasreg

81 81

ekaashi

Jplusmnasreg

82 82

biraashi

scmasreg

83 83

tiraashi

symasreg

84 84

curaashi

pararsaquomasreg

85 85

pâcaashi

zIumlparaasreg

86 86

chiyaashi

smiddotfrac12asreg

87 87

saataashi

ayasreg

88 88

aataashi

Aaqasreg

89 89

uunanabbai

GppCAtildeS

90 90

nabbai

pCAtildeS

91 91

ekaanabbai

JplusmnapCAtildeS

92 92 biraanabbai

scmapCAtildeS

93 93

tiraanabbai

symapCAtildeS

94 94

curaanabbai


95 95

pâc-aanabbai

zIumlparaapCAtildeS

96 96 chiyaanabbai


97 97 saataanabbai

ayapCAtildeS

98 98 aataanabbai

AaqapCAtildeS

99 99 niraanabbai

spmapCAtildeS








1000000000000000












23 = tin bhaager

dui bhaag



























































MONTHS AND SEASONS




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------




FEBRUARY ---------- ------------------------------




APRIL ---------- ------------------------------




JUNE ---------- ------------------------------




AUGUST ---------- ------------------------------




OCTOBER ---------- ------------------------------




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------





baparaiacute maarc

Jslsquoznot epril

Ecircb me

cedilrsaquop jun


Aasup3laquoq aagast


AjQacm aktobar





DATES












TIME ON THE CLOCK


















Oclock

























Asking the Time






















or Honorific

[2nd or 3rd]


Consonant

1

Aasb aami

-s- -i

2

yrsaquosb tumi


3

Ecirc se


-Ecirc- -e

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-Ecirc-p -en






















aache




aache






















sentence


to speak









aache








meye kothaay aache











naam



(hâa) naa




(bhaala)




































1st 2nd 3rd or

Honorific [2nd or

3rd]

After a stem ending

in a Vowel

1 Aasb aami -S -i



-frac12 -y

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-p -n



















dey







dekhi


dooraay





Study 13






[= I go] aami cali

























yuddha kare













Person

1st 2nd 3rd

2nd Honorific or

3rd Honorific

After a Stem

Ending in a

Consonant

After a Stem

ending in a

Vowel

1 I we Aasb aami

AabmAacute aamaraa

-S -i -S -i


-Ecirc-Aacute -o

(- [=A] -a)

-Ecirc-Aacute -o

3 he

she they

it they

Ecirc se

yamAacute taaraa






N you YOU

he

she they

Aazsp aapani


sysp tini



-Ecirc-p -en -p -n













Study 19




baigulo anek aache


ekhaane aache




mukti caai



















asubidhaa paay





lok-der kasta hay


















































taake bal-be




















tumi kii khaaitecha























kintu ashaanti paai

















































The man took a book















haiben)



(shun-ben)

































[ or Jjnot ele]








































































2 You must come


3 You will come





6 Let him come




kaache aaso (aasa)

[ or JjAacute eso]









bull No I cant




Done

plusmnjm kare

come

Aaj Jj aase ese

eaten


slept


been

atildejfrac12 haye

taken

spjfrac12 niye

gone

ssup3jfrac12 giye

2 (Long form

Done


come


eaten


slept


been


taken


gone



(kariyaache)










5 We had all gone






smaran karila)































































or







or






or







or










or







or










or








or
































































[ or cS bai]











[ or Aazp aapan]







themselves




























[ or sup2cm khabar]

































































18 One must go now




















































5


priya janaab

raahmaan

[ or mahaashay]


aami tomaar cek




iti

[ or bhadaniiya]







aamaar daadaa didi






[ or szs pisi]



[ or ppi nanad]







Study 57 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

































praay dash din pare




















































CONSONANTS

Group Char-

acter Roman

Form

Sounds

like hellip

hellip as in the

English word


- in the






- on the


ldquomatchheadrdquo





- on the


ldquomalthouserdquo

of the






lumprdquo



- on the






- on the




twinrdquo)





semi-








Guttural

semi-

vowel






LEADING VOWEL FORMS


etc

+rpa

etc













ndeg+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -

hh+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -

^+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -





+

`

+

a

+

aa

+

i

+

ii

+

u

+

u

+

rri

+

e

+

ee

+

o

+

oo

+


























problematical words









































6 See Note 5






10 See Note 5


possessive form


12 See Note 11
















4

Identifying Verbal

Noun

plusmnmAacute karaa

27

Infinitive Noun

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

27

Present Participle

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

45

Past Participle

plusmnjm kare


49


plusmnmjnot kar-le


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I do plusmnsm kari

(plusmnsm kari)


(plusmnm kara)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Present Imperative

Let me dohellip





2829

Present

Continuous

I am doing


(plusmnsmjysmiddot

karitechi)




(plusmnsmjyjmiddot

kariteche)



462

Present Perfect



kariyaachi)


kariyaacha)



kariyaache)



26

Future Indefinite



plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)

plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) do


(plusmnsmL kario)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Future Imperative

(You will) do


karibakarba-o)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 533

Future Continuous

I will be doing





karite thaakibe)







Future Perfect

I will have done

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I did


karilaam)





karilen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had done I did






karechila


kariyaachila)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should do

plusmnmyab kar-taam




(plusmnsmy karita)


kariten)

504

Past Continuous

I was doing






kar-chila


karitechila)





hellip kare aas-chi



hellip kare cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun


27

Infinitive Noun

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

27

Present Participle

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

45

Past Participle



49


Ecircsup2jnot khele


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I eat


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



431

Present Imperative

Let me eathellip


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



2829

Present

Continuous

I am eating


khaaitechi)



khaaitecha)





462

Present Perfect



khaaiyaachi)


kheyecha


khaaiyaacha)





26

Future Indefinite






khaaiben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) eat

- -


khaaiyo)



431

Future Imperative

(You will) eat


khaaiba

khaaiba-o)




khaaiben)



Future Perfect

I will have eaten

(Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase 534

Future Continuous

I will be eating


khete thaak-ba


khaaitehellip

thaakiba)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



thaakiben)

34


Past Historic

I ate


khaailaam)

Ecircsup2jnot khele



(sup2aSnot khaaila)


khaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had eaten I ate



khaaiyaa-

chilaam)




kheyechila


khaaiyaachila)




Past Frequentative

I should eat


khaaitaam)

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)


(sup2aSy khaaita)


khaaiten) 504

Past Continuous

I was eating





khaaitechile)


khaacchila


khaaitechila)



khaaitechilen)






hellip kheye cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun



27

Infinitive Noun



27

Present Participle



45

Past Participle



49




TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative









Present Imperative






garjaauk)


garjaaun) 2829

Present

Continuous

I am roaring




garjaaccha


garjaaitecha)



garjaaiteche)



garjaaitechen) 462

Present Perfect


garjiyechi


garjaaiyaachi)


garjiyecha


garjaaiyaacha)



garjaaiyaache)



26

Future Indefinite


garjaaba


garjaaiba)



garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)



431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) roar








431

Future Imperative

(You will) roar







garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)

535

Future Continuous

I will be roaring


garjaatehellip

thaak-ba

garjaatehellip


garjaaitehellip

thaakiba)


thaak-be


garjaaite

thaakibe)


thaak-be


garjaaitehellip

thaakibe)


thaak-ben


garjaaitehellip

thaakiben)

Future Perfect

I will have roared

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I roared



garjaailaam)




garjaalo




garjaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past




garjaaiyaa-

chilaam)




garjiyechila




5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten) 505

Past Continuous

I was roaring



garjaaite-

chilaam)






garjaaitechila)



garjaaitechilen)



garjiye aas-chi



garjiye cali

(garjaaiyaa cali)




TENSE

to do

plusmnmAacute karaa

to eat


to roar



61







sup2Aacute khaa

Let thou roarhellip


Present

Continuous

thou art doing




462

Present Perfect

thou hast doing




26

Future Indefinite

thou willst do

plusmnmsc kar-bi

thou willst eat



Future Imperative

Common

(thou willst) do


(thou willst) eat



431

Future Imperative

(thou willst) do




Future Continuous

I will be doing




464

Future Perfect


Rephrase


Rephrase


Rephrase

34


Past Historic

thou didst




4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past







5012



thou shouldst eat



Past Continuous

thou werst doing



thou werst roaring







0 0

shuunya

eumlethicirc

1 1

ek

Jplusmn

2 2

dui

UcircS

3 3

tin

syp

4 4

caar

paraam

5 5

pâac

zIumlapara

6 6

chay

middotfrac12

7 7

saat

ay

8 8

aat

Aaq

9 9

nay

pfrac12

10 10

dash

ireg

11 11

egaara

Jsup3am

12 12

baara

cam

13 13

tera

Ecircym

14 14

coodda


15 15

panera

zjpm

16 16

sola

Ecirciquestanot

17 17

satera

jym

18 18

aathaara

Aajwm

19 19

unnish

Gspreg

20 20

bish

screg

21 21

ekush

Jplusmnsbquoreg

22 22

baaish

caSreg

23 23

teish

EcircySreg

24 24

cabbish

parasCAtildereg

25 25

pâcish

zIumlsparareg

26 26

chaabbish

middotasCAtildereg

27 27

saataash

ayareg

28 28

aathaash

Aawareg

29 29

uunatrish

Gpsecircreg

30 30

trish

secircreg

31 31

ekatrish

Jplusmnsecircreg

32 32

batrish

csecircreg

33 33

tetrish

Ecircysecircreg

34 34

cootrish


35 35

pâyatrish


36 36

chatrish

middotsecircreg

37 37

sâaitrish

IumlaSsecircreg

38 38

aat-trish

Aaqsecircreg

39 39

uunacallish


40 40

callish

parasligravereg

41 41

ekacallish


42 42

biyaallish


43 43

tetaallish

Ecircyyasligravereg

44 44

cuyaallish


45 45

pâyataallish


46 46

checallish


47 47

saat-challish

aymiddotsligravereg

48 48

aat-callish

Aaqparasligravereg

49 49

uunapansup2caash

GpzTHORNareg

50 50

pansup2caash

zTHORNareg

51 51

ekaanna

JplusmnapETH

52 52

baahaanna

caatildeap ETH

53 53

tippaanna

syzUacuteapETH

54 54

cuyaanna


55 55

pansup2caanna

zTHORNapETH

56 56

chaappaanna

middotazUacuteapETH

57 57

saataanna

ayapETH

58 58

aataanna

AaqapETH

59 59

uunasaat

Gpiquestaq

60 60

saat

iquestaq

61 61

ek-satti


62 62

baasatti

caiquestslsaquo

63 63

tesatti

Ecircyiquestslsaquo

64 64

coosatti


65 65

pâyasatti


66 66

chesatti


67 67

saat-satti

ayiquestslsaquo

68 68

aat-satti

Aaqiquestslsaquo

69 69

uunasattar

Gpraquom

70 70

sattar

raquom

71 71

ekaattar

Jplusmnaraquom

72 72

baahaattar

caatildearaquom

73 83

tiyaattar

syfrac12araquom

74 74

cuyaattar


75 75

pâcaattar

zIumlparaaraquom

76 76

chiyaattar


77 77

saataattar

ayaraquom

78 78

aataattar

Aaqaraquom

79 79

uunaashi

Gpasreg

80 80

aashi

Aasreg

81 81

ekaashi

Jplusmnasreg

82 82

biraashi

scmasreg

83 83

tiraashi

symasreg

84 84

curaashi

pararsaquomasreg

85 85

pâcaashi

zIumlparaasreg

86 86

chiyaashi

smiddotfrac12asreg

87 87

saataashi

ayasreg

88 88

aataashi

Aaqasreg

89 89

uunanabbai

GppCAtildeS

90 90

nabbai

pCAtildeS

91 91

ekaanabbai

JplusmnapCAtildeS

92 92 biraanabbai

scmapCAtildeS

93 93

tiraanabbai

symapCAtildeS

94 94

curaanabbai


95 95

pâc-aanabbai

zIumlparaapCAtildeS

96 96 chiyaanabbai


97 97 saataanabbai

ayapCAtildeS

98 98 aataanabbai

AaqapCAtildeS

99 99 niraanabbai

spmapCAtildeS








1000000000000000












23 = tin bhaager

dui bhaag



























































MONTHS AND SEASONS




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------




FEBRUARY ---------- ------------------------------




APRIL ---------- ------------------------------




JUNE ---------- ------------------------------




AUGUST ---------- ------------------------------




OCTOBER ---------- ------------------------------




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------





baparaiacute maarc

Jslsquoznot epril

Ecircb me

cedilrsaquop jun


Aasup3laquoq aagast


AjQacm aktobar





DATES












TIME ON THE CLOCK


















Oclock

























Asking the Time






















or Honorific

[2nd or 3rd]


Consonant

1

Aasb aami

-s- -i

2

yrsaquosb tumi


3

Ecirc se


-Ecirc- -e

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-Ecirc-p -en






















aache




aache






















sentence


to speak









aache








meye kothaay aache











naam



(hâa) naa




(bhaala)




































1st 2nd 3rd or

Honorific [2nd or

3rd]

After a stem ending

in a Vowel

1 Aasb aami -S -i



-frac12 -y

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-p -n



















dey







dekhi


dooraay





Study 13






[= I go] aami cali

























yuddha kare













Person

1st 2nd 3rd

2nd Honorific or

3rd Honorific

After a Stem

Ending in a

Consonant

After a Stem

ending in a

Vowel

1 I we Aasb aami

AabmAacute aamaraa

-S -i -S -i


-Ecirc-Aacute -o

(- [=A] -a)

-Ecirc-Aacute -o

3 he

she they

it they

Ecirc se

yamAacute taaraa






N you YOU

he

she they

Aazsp aapani


sysp tini



-Ecirc-p -en -p -n













Study 19




baigulo anek aache


ekhaane aache




mukti caai



















asubidhaa paay





lok-der kasta hay


















































taake bal-be




















tumi kii khaaitecha























kintu ashaanti paai

















































The man took a book















haiben)



(shun-ben)

































[ or Jjnot ele]








































































2 You must come


3 You will come





6 Let him come




kaache aaso (aasa)

[ or JjAacute eso]









bull No I cant




Done

plusmnjm kare

come

Aaj Jj aase ese

eaten


slept


been

atildejfrac12 haye

taken

spjfrac12 niye

gone

ssup3jfrac12 giye

2 (Long form

Done


come


eaten


slept


been


taken


gone



(kariyaache)










5 We had all gone






smaran karila)































































or







or






or







or










or







or










or








or
































































[ or cS bai]











[ or Aazp aapan]







themselves




























[ or sup2cm khabar]

































































18 One must go now




















































5


priya janaab

raahmaan

[ or mahaashay]


aami tomaar cek




iti

[ or bhadaniiya]







aamaar daadaa didi






[ or szs pisi]



[ or ppi nanad]







Study 57 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

































praay dash din pare






















































Guttural

semi-

vowel






LEADING VOWEL FORMS


etc

+rpa

etc













ndeg+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -

hh+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -

^+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -





+

`

+

a

+

aa

+

i

+

ii

+

u

+

u

+

rri

+

e

+

ee

+

o

+

oo

+


























problematical words









































6 See Note 5






10 See Note 5


possessive form


12 See Note 11
















4

Identifying Verbal

Noun

plusmnmAacute karaa

27

Infinitive Noun

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

27

Present Participle

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

45

Past Participle

plusmnjm kare


49


plusmnmjnot kar-le


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I do plusmnsm kari

(plusmnsm kari)


(plusmnm kara)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Present Imperative

Let me dohellip





2829

Present

Continuous

I am doing


(plusmnsmjysmiddot

karitechi)




(plusmnsmjyjmiddot

kariteche)



462

Present Perfect



kariyaachi)


kariyaacha)



kariyaache)



26

Future Indefinite



plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)

plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) do


(plusmnsmL kario)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Future Imperative

(You will) do


karibakarba-o)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 533

Future Continuous

I will be doing





karite thaakibe)







Future Perfect

I will have done

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I did


karilaam)





karilen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had done I did






karechila


kariyaachila)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should do

plusmnmyab kar-taam




(plusmnsmy karita)


kariten)

504

Past Continuous

I was doing






kar-chila


karitechila)





hellip kare aas-chi



hellip kare cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun


27

Infinitive Noun

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

27

Present Participle

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

45

Past Participle



49


Ecircsup2jnot khele


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I eat


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



431

Present Imperative

Let me eathellip


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



2829

Present

Continuous

I am eating


khaaitechi)



khaaitecha)





462

Present Perfect



khaaiyaachi)


kheyecha


khaaiyaacha)





26

Future Indefinite






khaaiben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) eat

- -


khaaiyo)



431

Future Imperative

(You will) eat


khaaiba

khaaiba-o)




khaaiben)



Future Perfect

I will have eaten

(Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase 534

Future Continuous

I will be eating


khete thaak-ba


khaaitehellip

thaakiba)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



thaakiben)

34


Past Historic

I ate


khaailaam)

Ecircsup2jnot khele



(sup2aSnot khaaila)


khaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had eaten I ate



khaaiyaa-

chilaam)




kheyechila


khaaiyaachila)




Past Frequentative

I should eat


khaaitaam)

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)


(sup2aSy khaaita)


khaaiten) 504

Past Continuous

I was eating





khaaitechile)


khaacchila


khaaitechila)



khaaitechilen)






hellip kheye cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun



27

Infinitive Noun



27

Present Participle



45

Past Participle



49




TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative









Present Imperative






garjaauk)


garjaaun) 2829

Present

Continuous

I am roaring




garjaaccha


garjaaitecha)



garjaaiteche)



garjaaitechen) 462

Present Perfect


garjiyechi


garjaaiyaachi)


garjiyecha


garjaaiyaacha)



garjaaiyaache)



26

Future Indefinite


garjaaba


garjaaiba)



garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)



431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) roar








431

Future Imperative

(You will) roar







garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)

535

Future Continuous

I will be roaring


garjaatehellip

thaak-ba

garjaatehellip


garjaaitehellip

thaakiba)


thaak-be


garjaaite

thaakibe)


thaak-be


garjaaitehellip

thaakibe)


thaak-ben


garjaaitehellip

thaakiben)

Future Perfect

I will have roared

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I roared



garjaailaam)




garjaalo




garjaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past




garjaaiyaa-

chilaam)




garjiyechila




5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten) 505

Past Continuous

I was roaring



garjaaite-

chilaam)






garjaaitechila)



garjaaitechilen)



garjiye aas-chi



garjiye cali

(garjaaiyaa cali)




TENSE

to do

plusmnmAacute karaa

to eat


to roar



61







sup2Aacute khaa

Let thou roarhellip


Present

Continuous

thou art doing




462

Present Perfect

thou hast doing




26

Future Indefinite

thou willst do

plusmnmsc kar-bi

thou willst eat



Future Imperative

Common

(thou willst) do


(thou willst) eat



431

Future Imperative

(thou willst) do




Future Continuous

I will be doing




464

Future Perfect


Rephrase


Rephrase


Rephrase

34


Past Historic

thou didst




4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past







5012



thou shouldst eat



Past Continuous

thou werst doing



thou werst roaring







0 0

shuunya

eumlethicirc

1 1

ek

Jplusmn

2 2

dui

UcircS

3 3

tin

syp

4 4

caar

paraam

5 5

pâac

zIumlapara

6 6

chay

middotfrac12

7 7

saat

ay

8 8

aat

Aaq

9 9

nay

pfrac12

10 10

dash

ireg

11 11

egaara

Jsup3am

12 12

baara

cam

13 13

tera

Ecircym

14 14

coodda


15 15

panera

zjpm

16 16

sola

Ecirciquestanot

17 17

satera

jym

18 18

aathaara

Aajwm

19 19

unnish

Gspreg

20 20

bish

screg

21 21

ekush

Jplusmnsbquoreg

22 22

baaish

caSreg

23 23

teish

EcircySreg

24 24

cabbish

parasCAtildereg

25 25

pâcish

zIumlsparareg

26 26

chaabbish

middotasCAtildereg

27 27

saataash

ayareg

28 28

aathaash

Aawareg

29 29

uunatrish

Gpsecircreg

30 30

trish

secircreg

31 31

ekatrish

Jplusmnsecircreg

32 32

batrish

csecircreg

33 33

tetrish

Ecircysecircreg

34 34

cootrish


35 35

pâyatrish


36 36

chatrish

middotsecircreg

37 37

sâaitrish

IumlaSsecircreg

38 38

aat-trish

Aaqsecircreg

39 39

uunacallish


40 40

callish

parasligravereg

41 41

ekacallish


42 42

biyaallish


43 43

tetaallish

Ecircyyasligravereg

44 44

cuyaallish


45 45

pâyataallish


46 46

checallish


47 47

saat-challish

aymiddotsligravereg

48 48

aat-callish

Aaqparasligravereg

49 49

uunapansup2caash

GpzTHORNareg

50 50

pansup2caash

zTHORNareg

51 51

ekaanna

JplusmnapETH

52 52

baahaanna

caatildeap ETH

53 53

tippaanna

syzUacuteapETH

54 54

cuyaanna


55 55

pansup2caanna

zTHORNapETH

56 56

chaappaanna

middotazUacuteapETH

57 57

saataanna

ayapETH

58 58

aataanna

AaqapETH

59 59

uunasaat

Gpiquestaq

60 60

saat

iquestaq

61 61

ek-satti


62 62

baasatti

caiquestslsaquo

63 63

tesatti

Ecircyiquestslsaquo

64 64

coosatti


65 65

pâyasatti


66 66

chesatti


67 67

saat-satti

ayiquestslsaquo

68 68

aat-satti

Aaqiquestslsaquo

69 69

uunasattar

Gpraquom

70 70

sattar

raquom

71 71

ekaattar

Jplusmnaraquom

72 72

baahaattar

caatildearaquom

73 83

tiyaattar

syfrac12araquom

74 74

cuyaattar


75 75

pâcaattar

zIumlparaaraquom

76 76

chiyaattar


77 77

saataattar

ayaraquom

78 78

aataattar

Aaqaraquom

79 79

uunaashi

Gpasreg

80 80

aashi

Aasreg

81 81

ekaashi

Jplusmnasreg

82 82

biraashi

scmasreg

83 83

tiraashi

symasreg

84 84

curaashi

pararsaquomasreg

85 85

pâcaashi

zIumlparaasreg

86 86

chiyaashi

smiddotfrac12asreg

87 87

saataashi

ayasreg

88 88

aataashi

Aaqasreg

89 89

uunanabbai

GppCAtildeS

90 90

nabbai

pCAtildeS

91 91

ekaanabbai

JplusmnapCAtildeS

92 92 biraanabbai

scmapCAtildeS

93 93

tiraanabbai

symapCAtildeS

94 94

curaanabbai


95 95

pâc-aanabbai

zIumlparaapCAtildeS

96 96 chiyaanabbai


97 97 saataanabbai

ayapCAtildeS

98 98 aataanabbai

AaqapCAtildeS

99 99 niraanabbai

spmapCAtildeS








1000000000000000












23 = tin bhaager

dui bhaag



























































MONTHS AND SEASONS




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------




FEBRUARY ---------- ------------------------------




APRIL ---------- ------------------------------




JUNE ---------- ------------------------------




AUGUST ---------- ------------------------------




OCTOBER ---------- ------------------------------




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------





baparaiacute maarc

Jslsquoznot epril

Ecircb me

cedilrsaquop jun


Aasup3laquoq aagast


AjQacm aktobar





DATES












TIME ON THE CLOCK


















Oclock

























Asking the Time






















or Honorific

[2nd or 3rd]


Consonant

1

Aasb aami

-s- -i

2

yrsaquosb tumi


3

Ecirc se


-Ecirc- -e

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-Ecirc-p -en






















aache




aache






















sentence


to speak









aache








meye kothaay aache











naam



(hâa) naa




(bhaala)




































1st 2nd 3rd or

Honorific [2nd or

3rd]

After a stem ending

in a Vowel

1 Aasb aami -S -i



-frac12 -y

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-p -n



















dey







dekhi


dooraay





Study 13






[= I go] aami cali

























yuddha kare













Person

1st 2nd 3rd

2nd Honorific or

3rd Honorific

After a Stem

Ending in a

Consonant

After a Stem

ending in a

Vowel

1 I we Aasb aami

AabmAacute aamaraa

-S -i -S -i


-Ecirc-Aacute -o

(- [=A] -a)

-Ecirc-Aacute -o

3 he

she they

it they

Ecirc se

yamAacute taaraa






N you YOU

he

she they

Aazsp aapani


sysp tini



-Ecirc-p -en -p -n













Study 19




baigulo anek aache


ekhaane aache




mukti caai



















asubidhaa paay





lok-der kasta hay


















































taake bal-be




















tumi kii khaaitecha























kintu ashaanti paai

















































The man took a book















haiben)



(shun-ben)

































[ or Jjnot ele]








































































2 You must come


3 You will come





6 Let him come




kaache aaso (aasa)

[ or JjAacute eso]









bull No I cant




Done

plusmnjm kare

come

Aaj Jj aase ese

eaten


slept


been

atildejfrac12 haye

taken

spjfrac12 niye

gone

ssup3jfrac12 giye

2 (Long form

Done


come


eaten


slept


been


taken


gone



(kariyaache)










5 We had all gone






smaran karila)































































or







or






or







or










or







or










or








or
































































[ or cS bai]











[ or Aazp aapan]







themselves




























[ or sup2cm khabar]

































































18 One must go now




















































5


priya janaab

raahmaan

[ or mahaashay]


aami tomaar cek




iti

[ or bhadaniiya]







aamaar daadaa didi






[ or szs pisi]



[ or ppi nanad]







Study 57 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

































praay dash din pare





















































LEADING VOWEL FORMS


etc

+rpa

etc













ndeg+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -

hh+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -

^+ - - - ঃ প ঃ প -





+

`

+

a

+

aa

+

i

+

ii

+

u

+

u

+

rri

+

e

+

ee

+

o

+

oo

+


























problematical words









































6 See Note 5






10 See Note 5


possessive form


12 See Note 11
















4

Identifying Verbal

Noun

plusmnmAacute karaa

27

Infinitive Noun

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

27

Present Participle

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

45

Past Participle

plusmnjm kare


49


plusmnmjnot kar-le


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I do plusmnsm kari

(plusmnsm kari)


(plusmnm kara)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Present Imperative

Let me dohellip





2829

Present

Continuous

I am doing


(plusmnsmjysmiddot

karitechi)




(plusmnsmjyjmiddot

kariteche)



462

Present Perfect



kariyaachi)


kariyaacha)



kariyaache)



26

Future Indefinite



plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)

plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) do


(plusmnsmL kario)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Future Imperative

(You will) do


karibakarba-o)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 533

Future Continuous

I will be doing





karite thaakibe)







Future Perfect

I will have done

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I did


karilaam)





karilen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had done I did






karechila


kariyaachila)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should do

plusmnmyab kar-taam




(plusmnsmy karita)


kariten)

504

Past Continuous

I was doing






kar-chila


karitechila)





hellip kare aas-chi



hellip kare cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun


27

Infinitive Noun

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

27

Present Participle

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

45

Past Participle



49


Ecircsup2jnot khele


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I eat


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



431

Present Imperative

Let me eathellip


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



2829

Present

Continuous

I am eating


khaaitechi)



khaaitecha)





462

Present Perfect



khaaiyaachi)


kheyecha


khaaiyaacha)





26

Future Indefinite






khaaiben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) eat

- -


khaaiyo)



431

Future Imperative

(You will) eat


khaaiba

khaaiba-o)




khaaiben)



Future Perfect

I will have eaten

(Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase 534

Future Continuous

I will be eating


khete thaak-ba


khaaitehellip

thaakiba)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



thaakiben)

34


Past Historic

I ate


khaailaam)

Ecircsup2jnot khele



(sup2aSnot khaaila)


khaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had eaten I ate



khaaiyaa-

chilaam)




kheyechila


khaaiyaachila)




Past Frequentative

I should eat


khaaitaam)

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)


(sup2aSy khaaita)


khaaiten) 504

Past Continuous

I was eating





khaaitechile)


khaacchila


khaaitechila)



khaaitechilen)






hellip kheye cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun



27

Infinitive Noun



27

Present Participle



45

Past Participle



49




TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative









Present Imperative






garjaauk)


garjaaun) 2829

Present

Continuous

I am roaring




garjaaccha


garjaaitecha)



garjaaiteche)



garjaaitechen) 462

Present Perfect


garjiyechi


garjaaiyaachi)


garjiyecha


garjaaiyaacha)



garjaaiyaache)



26

Future Indefinite


garjaaba


garjaaiba)



garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)



431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) roar








431

Future Imperative

(You will) roar







garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)

535

Future Continuous

I will be roaring


garjaatehellip

thaak-ba

garjaatehellip


garjaaitehellip

thaakiba)


thaak-be


garjaaite

thaakibe)


thaak-be


garjaaitehellip

thaakibe)


thaak-ben


garjaaitehellip

thaakiben)

Future Perfect

I will have roared

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I roared



garjaailaam)




garjaalo




garjaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past




garjaaiyaa-

chilaam)




garjiyechila




5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten) 505

Past Continuous

I was roaring



garjaaite-

chilaam)






garjaaitechila)



garjaaitechilen)



garjiye aas-chi



garjiye cali

(garjaaiyaa cali)




TENSE

to do

plusmnmAacute karaa

to eat


to roar



61







sup2Aacute khaa

Let thou roarhellip


Present

Continuous

thou art doing




462

Present Perfect

thou hast doing




26

Future Indefinite

thou willst do

plusmnmsc kar-bi

thou willst eat



Future Imperative

Common

(thou willst) do


(thou willst) eat



431

Future Imperative

(thou willst) do




Future Continuous

I will be doing




464

Future Perfect


Rephrase


Rephrase


Rephrase

34


Past Historic

thou didst




4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past







5012



thou shouldst eat



Past Continuous

thou werst doing



thou werst roaring







0 0

shuunya

eumlethicirc

1 1

ek

Jplusmn

2 2

dui

UcircS

3 3

tin

syp

4 4

caar

paraam

5 5

pâac

zIumlapara

6 6

chay

middotfrac12

7 7

saat

ay

8 8

aat

Aaq

9 9

nay

pfrac12

10 10

dash

ireg

11 11

egaara

Jsup3am

12 12

baara

cam

13 13

tera

Ecircym

14 14

coodda


15 15

panera

zjpm

16 16

sola

Ecirciquestanot

17 17

satera

jym

18 18

aathaara

Aajwm

19 19

unnish

Gspreg

20 20

bish

screg

21 21

ekush

Jplusmnsbquoreg

22 22

baaish

caSreg

23 23

teish

EcircySreg

24 24

cabbish

parasCAtildereg

25 25

pâcish

zIumlsparareg

26 26

chaabbish

middotasCAtildereg

27 27

saataash

ayareg

28 28

aathaash

Aawareg

29 29

uunatrish

Gpsecircreg

30 30

trish

secircreg

31 31

ekatrish

Jplusmnsecircreg

32 32

batrish

csecircreg

33 33

tetrish

Ecircysecircreg

34 34

cootrish


35 35

pâyatrish


36 36

chatrish

middotsecircreg

37 37

sâaitrish

IumlaSsecircreg

38 38

aat-trish

Aaqsecircreg

39 39

uunacallish


40 40

callish

parasligravereg

41 41

ekacallish


42 42

biyaallish


43 43

tetaallish

Ecircyyasligravereg

44 44

cuyaallish


45 45

pâyataallish


46 46

checallish


47 47

saat-challish

aymiddotsligravereg

48 48

aat-callish

Aaqparasligravereg

49 49

uunapansup2caash

GpzTHORNareg

50 50

pansup2caash

zTHORNareg

51 51

ekaanna

JplusmnapETH

52 52

baahaanna

caatildeap ETH

53 53

tippaanna

syzUacuteapETH

54 54

cuyaanna


55 55

pansup2caanna

zTHORNapETH

56 56

chaappaanna

middotazUacuteapETH

57 57

saataanna

ayapETH

58 58

aataanna

AaqapETH

59 59

uunasaat

Gpiquestaq

60 60

saat

iquestaq

61 61

ek-satti


62 62

baasatti

caiquestslsaquo

63 63

tesatti

Ecircyiquestslsaquo

64 64

coosatti


65 65

pâyasatti


66 66

chesatti


67 67

saat-satti

ayiquestslsaquo

68 68

aat-satti

Aaqiquestslsaquo

69 69

uunasattar

Gpraquom

70 70

sattar

raquom

71 71

ekaattar

Jplusmnaraquom

72 72

baahaattar

caatildearaquom

73 83

tiyaattar

syfrac12araquom

74 74

cuyaattar


75 75

pâcaattar

zIumlparaaraquom

76 76

chiyaattar


77 77

saataattar

ayaraquom

78 78

aataattar

Aaqaraquom

79 79

uunaashi

Gpasreg

80 80

aashi

Aasreg

81 81

ekaashi

Jplusmnasreg

82 82

biraashi

scmasreg

83 83

tiraashi

symasreg

84 84

curaashi

pararsaquomasreg

85 85

pâcaashi

zIumlparaasreg

86 86

chiyaashi

smiddotfrac12asreg

87 87

saataashi

ayasreg

88 88

aataashi

Aaqasreg

89 89

uunanabbai

GppCAtildeS

90 90

nabbai

pCAtildeS

91 91

ekaanabbai

JplusmnapCAtildeS

92 92 biraanabbai

scmapCAtildeS

93 93

tiraanabbai

symapCAtildeS

94 94

curaanabbai


95 95

pâc-aanabbai

zIumlparaapCAtildeS

96 96 chiyaanabbai


97 97 saataanabbai

ayapCAtildeS

98 98 aataanabbai

AaqapCAtildeS

99 99 niraanabbai

spmapCAtildeS








1000000000000000












23 = tin bhaager

dui bhaag



























































MONTHS AND SEASONS




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------




FEBRUARY ---------- ------------------------------




APRIL ---------- ------------------------------




JUNE ---------- ------------------------------




AUGUST ---------- ------------------------------




OCTOBER ---------- ------------------------------




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------





baparaiacute maarc

Jslsquoznot epril

Ecircb me

cedilrsaquop jun


Aasup3laquoq aagast


AjQacm aktobar





DATES












TIME ON THE CLOCK


















Oclock

























Asking the Time






















or Honorific

[2nd or 3rd]


Consonant

1

Aasb aami

-s- -i

2

yrsaquosb tumi


3

Ecirc se


-Ecirc- -e

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-Ecirc-p -en






















aache




aache






















sentence


to speak









aache








meye kothaay aache











naam



(hâa) naa




(bhaala)




































1st 2nd 3rd or

Honorific [2nd or

3rd]

After a stem ending

in a Vowel

1 Aasb aami -S -i



-frac12 -y

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-p -n



















dey







dekhi


dooraay





Study 13






[= I go] aami cali

























yuddha kare













Person

1st 2nd 3rd

2nd Honorific or

3rd Honorific

After a Stem

Ending in a

Consonant

After a Stem

ending in a

Vowel

1 I we Aasb aami

AabmAacute aamaraa

-S -i -S -i


-Ecirc-Aacute -o

(- [=A] -a)

-Ecirc-Aacute -o

3 he

she they

it they

Ecirc se

yamAacute taaraa






N you YOU

he

she they

Aazsp aapani


sysp tini



-Ecirc-p -en -p -n













Study 19




baigulo anek aache


ekhaane aache




mukti caai



















asubidhaa paay





lok-der kasta hay


















































taake bal-be




















tumi kii khaaitecha























kintu ashaanti paai

















































The man took a book















haiben)



(shun-ben)

































[ or Jjnot ele]








































































2 You must come


3 You will come





6 Let him come




kaache aaso (aasa)

[ or JjAacute eso]









bull No I cant




Done

plusmnjm kare

come

Aaj Jj aase ese

eaten


slept


been

atildejfrac12 haye

taken

spjfrac12 niye

gone

ssup3jfrac12 giye

2 (Long form

Done


come


eaten


slept


been


taken


gone



(kariyaache)










5 We had all gone






smaran karila)































































or







or






or







or










or







or










or








or
































































[ or cS bai]











[ or Aazp aapan]







themselves




























[ or sup2cm khabar]

































































18 One must go now




















































5


priya janaab

raahmaan

[ or mahaashay]


aami tomaar cek




iti

[ or bhadaniiya]







aamaar daadaa didi






[ or szs pisi]



[ or ppi nanad]







Study 57 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

































praay dash din pare





















































+

`

+

a

+

aa

+

i

+

ii

+

u

+

u

+

rri

+

e

+

ee

+

o

+

oo

+


























problematical words









































6 See Note 5






10 See Note 5


possessive form


12 See Note 11
















4

Identifying Verbal

Noun

plusmnmAacute karaa

27

Infinitive Noun

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

27

Present Participle

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

45

Past Participle

plusmnjm kare


49


plusmnmjnot kar-le


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I do plusmnsm kari

(plusmnsm kari)


(plusmnm kara)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Present Imperative

Let me dohellip





2829

Present

Continuous

I am doing


(plusmnsmjysmiddot

karitechi)




(plusmnsmjyjmiddot

kariteche)



462

Present Perfect



kariyaachi)


kariyaacha)



kariyaache)



26

Future Indefinite



plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)

plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) do


(plusmnsmL kario)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Future Imperative

(You will) do


karibakarba-o)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 533

Future Continuous

I will be doing





karite thaakibe)







Future Perfect

I will have done

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I did


karilaam)





karilen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had done I did






karechila


kariyaachila)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should do

plusmnmyab kar-taam




(plusmnsmy karita)


kariten)

504

Past Continuous

I was doing






kar-chila


karitechila)





hellip kare aas-chi



hellip kare cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun


27

Infinitive Noun

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

27

Present Participle

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

45

Past Participle



49


Ecircsup2jnot khele


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I eat


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



431

Present Imperative

Let me eathellip


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



2829

Present

Continuous

I am eating


khaaitechi)



khaaitecha)





462

Present Perfect



khaaiyaachi)


kheyecha


khaaiyaacha)





26

Future Indefinite






khaaiben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) eat

- -


khaaiyo)



431

Future Imperative

(You will) eat


khaaiba

khaaiba-o)




khaaiben)



Future Perfect

I will have eaten

(Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase 534

Future Continuous

I will be eating


khete thaak-ba


khaaitehellip

thaakiba)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



thaakiben)

34


Past Historic

I ate


khaailaam)

Ecircsup2jnot khele



(sup2aSnot khaaila)


khaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had eaten I ate



khaaiyaa-

chilaam)




kheyechila


khaaiyaachila)




Past Frequentative

I should eat


khaaitaam)

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)


(sup2aSy khaaita)


khaaiten) 504

Past Continuous

I was eating





khaaitechile)


khaacchila


khaaitechila)



khaaitechilen)






hellip kheye cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun



27

Infinitive Noun



27

Present Participle



45

Past Participle



49




TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative









Present Imperative






garjaauk)


garjaaun) 2829

Present

Continuous

I am roaring




garjaaccha


garjaaitecha)



garjaaiteche)



garjaaitechen) 462

Present Perfect


garjiyechi


garjaaiyaachi)


garjiyecha


garjaaiyaacha)



garjaaiyaache)



26

Future Indefinite


garjaaba


garjaaiba)



garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)



431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) roar








431

Future Imperative

(You will) roar







garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)

535

Future Continuous

I will be roaring


garjaatehellip

thaak-ba

garjaatehellip


garjaaitehellip

thaakiba)


thaak-be


garjaaite

thaakibe)


thaak-be


garjaaitehellip

thaakibe)


thaak-ben


garjaaitehellip

thaakiben)

Future Perfect

I will have roared

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I roared



garjaailaam)




garjaalo




garjaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past




garjaaiyaa-

chilaam)




garjiyechila




5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten) 505

Past Continuous

I was roaring



garjaaite-

chilaam)






garjaaitechila)



garjaaitechilen)



garjiye aas-chi



garjiye cali

(garjaaiyaa cali)




TENSE

to do

plusmnmAacute karaa

to eat


to roar



61







sup2Aacute khaa

Let thou roarhellip


Present

Continuous

thou art doing




462

Present Perfect

thou hast doing




26

Future Indefinite

thou willst do

plusmnmsc kar-bi

thou willst eat



Future Imperative

Common

(thou willst) do


(thou willst) eat



431

Future Imperative

(thou willst) do




Future Continuous

I will be doing




464

Future Perfect


Rephrase


Rephrase


Rephrase

34


Past Historic

thou didst




4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past







5012



thou shouldst eat



Past Continuous

thou werst doing



thou werst roaring







0 0

shuunya

eumlethicirc

1 1

ek

Jplusmn

2 2

dui

UcircS

3 3

tin

syp

4 4

caar

paraam

5 5

pâac

zIumlapara

6 6

chay

middotfrac12

7 7

saat

ay

8 8

aat

Aaq

9 9

nay

pfrac12

10 10

dash

ireg

11 11

egaara

Jsup3am

12 12

baara

cam

13 13

tera

Ecircym

14 14

coodda


15 15

panera

zjpm

16 16

sola

Ecirciquestanot

17 17

satera

jym

18 18

aathaara

Aajwm

19 19

unnish

Gspreg

20 20

bish

screg

21 21

ekush

Jplusmnsbquoreg

22 22

baaish

caSreg

23 23

teish

EcircySreg

24 24

cabbish

parasCAtildereg

25 25

pâcish

zIumlsparareg

26 26

chaabbish

middotasCAtildereg

27 27

saataash

ayareg

28 28

aathaash

Aawareg

29 29

uunatrish

Gpsecircreg

30 30

trish

secircreg

31 31

ekatrish

Jplusmnsecircreg

32 32

batrish

csecircreg

33 33

tetrish

Ecircysecircreg

34 34

cootrish


35 35

pâyatrish


36 36

chatrish

middotsecircreg

37 37

sâaitrish

IumlaSsecircreg

38 38

aat-trish

Aaqsecircreg

39 39

uunacallish


40 40

callish

parasligravereg

41 41

ekacallish


42 42

biyaallish


43 43

tetaallish

Ecircyyasligravereg

44 44

cuyaallish


45 45

pâyataallish


46 46

checallish


47 47

saat-challish

aymiddotsligravereg

48 48

aat-callish

Aaqparasligravereg

49 49

uunapansup2caash

GpzTHORNareg

50 50

pansup2caash

zTHORNareg

51 51

ekaanna

JplusmnapETH

52 52

baahaanna

caatildeap ETH

53 53

tippaanna

syzUacuteapETH

54 54

cuyaanna


55 55

pansup2caanna

zTHORNapETH

56 56

chaappaanna

middotazUacuteapETH

57 57

saataanna

ayapETH

58 58

aataanna

AaqapETH

59 59

uunasaat

Gpiquestaq

60 60

saat

iquestaq

61 61

ek-satti


62 62

baasatti

caiquestslsaquo

63 63

tesatti

Ecircyiquestslsaquo

64 64

coosatti


65 65

pâyasatti


66 66

chesatti


67 67

saat-satti

ayiquestslsaquo

68 68

aat-satti

Aaqiquestslsaquo

69 69

uunasattar

Gpraquom

70 70

sattar

raquom

71 71

ekaattar

Jplusmnaraquom

72 72

baahaattar

caatildearaquom

73 83

tiyaattar

syfrac12araquom

74 74

cuyaattar


75 75

pâcaattar

zIumlparaaraquom

76 76

chiyaattar


77 77

saataattar

ayaraquom

78 78

aataattar

Aaqaraquom

79 79

uunaashi

Gpasreg

80 80

aashi

Aasreg

81 81

ekaashi

Jplusmnasreg

82 82

biraashi

scmasreg

83 83

tiraashi

symasreg

84 84

curaashi

pararsaquomasreg

85 85

pâcaashi

zIumlparaasreg

86 86

chiyaashi

smiddotfrac12asreg

87 87

saataashi

ayasreg

88 88

aataashi

Aaqasreg

89 89

uunanabbai

GppCAtildeS

90 90

nabbai

pCAtildeS

91 91

ekaanabbai

JplusmnapCAtildeS

92 92 biraanabbai

scmapCAtildeS

93 93

tiraanabbai

symapCAtildeS

94 94

curaanabbai


95 95

pâc-aanabbai

zIumlparaapCAtildeS

96 96 chiyaanabbai


97 97 saataanabbai

ayapCAtildeS

98 98 aataanabbai

AaqapCAtildeS

99 99 niraanabbai

spmapCAtildeS








1000000000000000












23 = tin bhaager

dui bhaag



























































MONTHS AND SEASONS




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------




FEBRUARY ---------- ------------------------------




APRIL ---------- ------------------------------




JUNE ---------- ------------------------------




AUGUST ---------- ------------------------------




OCTOBER ---------- ------------------------------




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------





baparaiacute maarc

Jslsquoznot epril

Ecircb me

cedilrsaquop jun


Aasup3laquoq aagast


AjQacm aktobar





DATES












TIME ON THE CLOCK


















Oclock

























Asking the Time






















or Honorific

[2nd or 3rd]


Consonant

1

Aasb aami

-s- -i

2

yrsaquosb tumi


3

Ecirc se


-Ecirc- -e

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-Ecirc-p -en






















aache




aache






















sentence


to speak









aache








meye kothaay aache











naam



(hâa) naa




(bhaala)




































1st 2nd 3rd or

Honorific [2nd or

3rd]

After a stem ending

in a Vowel

1 Aasb aami -S -i



-frac12 -y

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-p -n



















dey







dekhi


dooraay





Study 13






[= I go] aami cali

























yuddha kare













Person

1st 2nd 3rd

2nd Honorific or

3rd Honorific

After a Stem

Ending in a

Consonant

After a Stem

ending in a

Vowel

1 I we Aasb aami

AabmAacute aamaraa

-S -i -S -i


-Ecirc-Aacute -o

(- [=A] -a)

-Ecirc-Aacute -o

3 he

she they

it they

Ecirc se

yamAacute taaraa






N you YOU

he

she they

Aazsp aapani


sysp tini



-Ecirc-p -en -p -n













Study 19




baigulo anek aache


ekhaane aache




mukti caai



















asubidhaa paay





lok-der kasta hay


















































taake bal-be




















tumi kii khaaitecha























kintu ashaanti paai

















































The man took a book















haiben)



(shun-ben)

































[ or Jjnot ele]








































































2 You must come


3 You will come





6 Let him come




kaache aaso (aasa)

[ or JjAacute eso]









bull No I cant




Done

plusmnjm kare

come

Aaj Jj aase ese

eaten


slept


been

atildejfrac12 haye

taken

spjfrac12 niye

gone

ssup3jfrac12 giye

2 (Long form

Done


come


eaten


slept


been


taken


gone



(kariyaache)










5 We had all gone






smaran karila)































































or







or






or







or










or







or










or








or
































































[ or cS bai]











[ or Aazp aapan]







themselves




























[ or sup2cm khabar]

































































18 One must go now




















































5


priya janaab

raahmaan

[ or mahaashay]


aami tomaar cek




iti

[ or bhadaniiya]







aamaar daadaa didi






[ or szs pisi]



[ or ppi nanad]







Study 57 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

































praay dash din pare









































































problematical words









































6 See Note 5






10 See Note 5


possessive form


12 See Note 11
















4

Identifying Verbal

Noun

plusmnmAacute karaa

27

Infinitive Noun

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

27

Present Participle

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

45

Past Participle

plusmnjm kare


49


plusmnmjnot kar-le


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I do plusmnsm kari

(plusmnsm kari)


(plusmnm kara)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Present Imperative

Let me dohellip





2829

Present

Continuous

I am doing


(plusmnsmjysmiddot

karitechi)




(plusmnsmjyjmiddot

kariteche)



462

Present Perfect



kariyaachi)


kariyaacha)



kariyaache)



26

Future Indefinite



plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)

plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) do


(plusmnsmL kario)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Future Imperative

(You will) do


karibakarba-o)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 533

Future Continuous

I will be doing





karite thaakibe)







Future Perfect

I will have done

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I did


karilaam)





karilen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had done I did






karechila


kariyaachila)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should do

plusmnmyab kar-taam




(plusmnsmy karita)


kariten)

504

Past Continuous

I was doing






kar-chila


karitechila)





hellip kare aas-chi



hellip kare cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun


27

Infinitive Noun

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

27

Present Participle

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

45

Past Participle



49


Ecircsup2jnot khele


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I eat


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



431

Present Imperative

Let me eathellip


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



2829

Present

Continuous

I am eating


khaaitechi)



khaaitecha)





462

Present Perfect



khaaiyaachi)


kheyecha


khaaiyaacha)





26

Future Indefinite






khaaiben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) eat

- -


khaaiyo)



431

Future Imperative

(You will) eat


khaaiba

khaaiba-o)




khaaiben)



Future Perfect

I will have eaten

(Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase 534

Future Continuous

I will be eating


khete thaak-ba


khaaitehellip

thaakiba)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



thaakiben)

34


Past Historic

I ate


khaailaam)

Ecircsup2jnot khele



(sup2aSnot khaaila)


khaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had eaten I ate



khaaiyaa-

chilaam)




kheyechila


khaaiyaachila)




Past Frequentative

I should eat


khaaitaam)

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)


(sup2aSy khaaita)


khaaiten) 504

Past Continuous

I was eating





khaaitechile)


khaacchila


khaaitechila)



khaaitechilen)






hellip kheye cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun



27

Infinitive Noun



27

Present Participle



45

Past Participle



49




TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative









Present Imperative






garjaauk)


garjaaun) 2829

Present

Continuous

I am roaring




garjaaccha


garjaaitecha)



garjaaiteche)



garjaaitechen) 462

Present Perfect


garjiyechi


garjaaiyaachi)


garjiyecha


garjaaiyaacha)



garjaaiyaache)



26

Future Indefinite


garjaaba


garjaaiba)



garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)



431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) roar








431

Future Imperative

(You will) roar







garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)

535

Future Continuous

I will be roaring


garjaatehellip

thaak-ba

garjaatehellip


garjaaitehellip

thaakiba)


thaak-be


garjaaite

thaakibe)


thaak-be


garjaaitehellip

thaakibe)


thaak-ben


garjaaitehellip

thaakiben)

Future Perfect

I will have roared

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I roared



garjaailaam)




garjaalo




garjaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past




garjaaiyaa-

chilaam)




garjiyechila




5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten) 505

Past Continuous

I was roaring



garjaaite-

chilaam)






garjaaitechila)



garjaaitechilen)



garjiye aas-chi



garjiye cali

(garjaaiyaa cali)




TENSE

to do

plusmnmAacute karaa

to eat


to roar



61







sup2Aacute khaa

Let thou roarhellip


Present

Continuous

thou art doing




462

Present Perfect

thou hast doing




26

Future Indefinite

thou willst do

plusmnmsc kar-bi

thou willst eat



Future Imperative

Common

(thou willst) do


(thou willst) eat



431

Future Imperative

(thou willst) do




Future Continuous

I will be doing




464

Future Perfect


Rephrase


Rephrase


Rephrase

34


Past Historic

thou didst




4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past







5012



thou shouldst eat



Past Continuous

thou werst doing



thou werst roaring







0 0

shuunya

eumlethicirc

1 1

ek

Jplusmn

2 2

dui

UcircS

3 3

tin

syp

4 4

caar

paraam

5 5

pâac

zIumlapara

6 6

chay

middotfrac12

7 7

saat

ay

8 8

aat

Aaq

9 9

nay

pfrac12

10 10

dash

ireg

11 11

egaara

Jsup3am

12 12

baara

cam

13 13

tera

Ecircym

14 14

coodda


15 15

panera

zjpm

16 16

sola

Ecirciquestanot

17 17

satera

jym

18 18

aathaara

Aajwm

19 19

unnish

Gspreg

20 20

bish

screg

21 21

ekush

Jplusmnsbquoreg

22 22

baaish

caSreg

23 23

teish

EcircySreg

24 24

cabbish

parasCAtildereg

25 25

pâcish

zIumlsparareg

26 26

chaabbish

middotasCAtildereg

27 27

saataash

ayareg

28 28

aathaash

Aawareg

29 29

uunatrish

Gpsecircreg

30 30

trish

secircreg

31 31

ekatrish

Jplusmnsecircreg

32 32

batrish

csecircreg

33 33

tetrish

Ecircysecircreg

34 34

cootrish


35 35

pâyatrish


36 36

chatrish

middotsecircreg

37 37

sâaitrish

IumlaSsecircreg

38 38

aat-trish

Aaqsecircreg

39 39

uunacallish


40 40

callish

parasligravereg

41 41

ekacallish


42 42

biyaallish


43 43

tetaallish

Ecircyyasligravereg

44 44

cuyaallish


45 45

pâyataallish


46 46

checallish


47 47

saat-challish

aymiddotsligravereg

48 48

aat-callish

Aaqparasligravereg

49 49

uunapansup2caash

GpzTHORNareg

50 50

pansup2caash

zTHORNareg

51 51

ekaanna

JplusmnapETH

52 52

baahaanna

caatildeap ETH

53 53

tippaanna

syzUacuteapETH

54 54

cuyaanna


55 55

pansup2caanna

zTHORNapETH

56 56

chaappaanna

middotazUacuteapETH

57 57

saataanna

ayapETH

58 58

aataanna

AaqapETH

59 59

uunasaat

Gpiquestaq

60 60

saat

iquestaq

61 61

ek-satti


62 62

baasatti

caiquestslsaquo

63 63

tesatti

Ecircyiquestslsaquo

64 64

coosatti


65 65

pâyasatti


66 66

chesatti


67 67

saat-satti

ayiquestslsaquo

68 68

aat-satti

Aaqiquestslsaquo

69 69

uunasattar

Gpraquom

70 70

sattar

raquom

71 71

ekaattar

Jplusmnaraquom

72 72

baahaattar

caatildearaquom

73 83

tiyaattar

syfrac12araquom

74 74

cuyaattar


75 75

pâcaattar

zIumlparaaraquom

76 76

chiyaattar


77 77

saataattar

ayaraquom

78 78

aataattar

Aaqaraquom

79 79

uunaashi

Gpasreg

80 80

aashi

Aasreg

81 81

ekaashi

Jplusmnasreg

82 82

biraashi

scmasreg

83 83

tiraashi

symasreg

84 84

curaashi

pararsaquomasreg

85 85

pâcaashi

zIumlparaasreg

86 86

chiyaashi

smiddotfrac12asreg

87 87

saataashi

ayasreg

88 88

aataashi

Aaqasreg

89 89

uunanabbai

GppCAtildeS

90 90

nabbai

pCAtildeS

91 91

ekaanabbai

JplusmnapCAtildeS

92 92 biraanabbai

scmapCAtildeS

93 93

tiraanabbai

symapCAtildeS

94 94

curaanabbai


95 95

pâc-aanabbai

zIumlparaapCAtildeS

96 96 chiyaanabbai


97 97 saataanabbai

ayapCAtildeS

98 98 aataanabbai

AaqapCAtildeS

99 99 niraanabbai

spmapCAtildeS








1000000000000000












23 = tin bhaager

dui bhaag



























































MONTHS AND SEASONS




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------




FEBRUARY ---------- ------------------------------




APRIL ---------- ------------------------------




JUNE ---------- ------------------------------




AUGUST ---------- ------------------------------




OCTOBER ---------- ------------------------------




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------





baparaiacute maarc

Jslsquoznot epril

Ecircb me

cedilrsaquop jun


Aasup3laquoq aagast


AjQacm aktobar





DATES












TIME ON THE CLOCK


















Oclock

























Asking the Time






















or Honorific

[2nd or 3rd]


Consonant

1

Aasb aami

-s- -i

2

yrsaquosb tumi


3

Ecirc se


-Ecirc- -e

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-Ecirc-p -en






















aache




aache






















sentence


to speak









aache








meye kothaay aache











naam



(hâa) naa




(bhaala)




































1st 2nd 3rd or

Honorific [2nd or

3rd]

After a stem ending

in a Vowel

1 Aasb aami -S -i



-frac12 -y

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-p -n



















dey







dekhi


dooraay





Study 13






[= I go] aami cali

























yuddha kare













Person

1st 2nd 3rd

2nd Honorific or

3rd Honorific

After a Stem

Ending in a

Consonant

After a Stem

ending in a

Vowel

1 I we Aasb aami

AabmAacute aamaraa

-S -i -S -i


-Ecirc-Aacute -o

(- [=A] -a)

-Ecirc-Aacute -o

3 he

she they

it they

Ecirc se

yamAacute taaraa






N you YOU

he

she they

Aazsp aapani


sysp tini



-Ecirc-p -en -p -n













Study 19




baigulo anek aache


ekhaane aache




mukti caai



















asubidhaa paay





lok-der kasta hay


















































taake bal-be




















tumi kii khaaitecha























kintu ashaanti paai

















































The man took a book















haiben)



(shun-ben)

































[ or Jjnot ele]








































































2 You must come


3 You will come





6 Let him come




kaache aaso (aasa)

[ or JjAacute eso]









bull No I cant




Done

plusmnjm kare

come

Aaj Jj aase ese

eaten


slept


been

atildejfrac12 haye

taken

spjfrac12 niye

gone

ssup3jfrac12 giye

2 (Long form

Done


come


eaten


slept


been


taken


gone



(kariyaache)










5 We had all gone






smaran karila)































































or







or






or







or










or







or










or








or
































































[ or cS bai]











[ or Aazp aapan]







themselves




























[ or sup2cm khabar]

































































18 One must go now




















































5


priya janaab

raahmaan

[ or mahaashay]


aami tomaar cek




iti

[ or bhadaniiya]







aamaar daadaa didi






[ or szs pisi]



[ or ppi nanad]







Study 57 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

































praay dash din pare





































































problematical words









































6 See Note 5






10 See Note 5


possessive form


12 See Note 11
















4

Identifying Verbal

Noun

plusmnmAacute karaa

27

Infinitive Noun

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

27

Present Participle

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

45

Past Participle

plusmnjm kare


49


plusmnmjnot kar-le


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I do plusmnsm kari

(plusmnsm kari)


(plusmnm kara)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Present Imperative

Let me dohellip





2829

Present

Continuous

I am doing


(plusmnsmjysmiddot

karitechi)




(plusmnsmjyjmiddot

kariteche)



462

Present Perfect



kariyaachi)


kariyaacha)



kariyaache)



26

Future Indefinite



plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)

plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) do


(plusmnsmL kario)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Future Imperative

(You will) do


karibakarba-o)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 533

Future Continuous

I will be doing





karite thaakibe)







Future Perfect

I will have done

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I did


karilaam)





karilen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had done I did






karechila


kariyaachila)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should do

plusmnmyab kar-taam




(plusmnsmy karita)


kariten)

504

Past Continuous

I was doing






kar-chila


karitechila)





hellip kare aas-chi



hellip kare cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun


27

Infinitive Noun

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

27

Present Participle

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

45

Past Participle



49


Ecircsup2jnot khele


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I eat


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



431

Present Imperative

Let me eathellip


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



2829

Present

Continuous

I am eating


khaaitechi)



khaaitecha)





462

Present Perfect



khaaiyaachi)


kheyecha


khaaiyaacha)





26

Future Indefinite






khaaiben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) eat

- -


khaaiyo)



431

Future Imperative

(You will) eat


khaaiba

khaaiba-o)




khaaiben)



Future Perfect

I will have eaten

(Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase 534

Future Continuous

I will be eating


khete thaak-ba


khaaitehellip

thaakiba)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



thaakiben)

34


Past Historic

I ate


khaailaam)

Ecircsup2jnot khele



(sup2aSnot khaaila)


khaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had eaten I ate



khaaiyaa-

chilaam)




kheyechila


khaaiyaachila)




Past Frequentative

I should eat


khaaitaam)

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)


(sup2aSy khaaita)


khaaiten) 504

Past Continuous

I was eating





khaaitechile)


khaacchila


khaaitechila)



khaaitechilen)






hellip kheye cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun



27

Infinitive Noun



27

Present Participle



45

Past Participle



49




TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative









Present Imperative






garjaauk)


garjaaun) 2829

Present

Continuous

I am roaring




garjaaccha


garjaaitecha)



garjaaiteche)



garjaaitechen) 462

Present Perfect


garjiyechi


garjaaiyaachi)


garjiyecha


garjaaiyaacha)



garjaaiyaache)



26

Future Indefinite


garjaaba


garjaaiba)



garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)



431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) roar








431

Future Imperative

(You will) roar







garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)

535

Future Continuous

I will be roaring


garjaatehellip

thaak-ba

garjaatehellip


garjaaitehellip

thaakiba)


thaak-be


garjaaite

thaakibe)


thaak-be


garjaaitehellip

thaakibe)


thaak-ben


garjaaitehellip

thaakiben)

Future Perfect

I will have roared

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I roared



garjaailaam)




garjaalo




garjaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past




garjaaiyaa-

chilaam)




garjiyechila




5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten) 505

Past Continuous

I was roaring



garjaaite-

chilaam)






garjaaitechila)



garjaaitechilen)



garjiye aas-chi



garjiye cali

(garjaaiyaa cali)




TENSE

to do

plusmnmAacute karaa

to eat


to roar



61







sup2Aacute khaa

Let thou roarhellip


Present

Continuous

thou art doing




462

Present Perfect

thou hast doing




26

Future Indefinite

thou willst do

plusmnmsc kar-bi

thou willst eat



Future Imperative

Common

(thou willst) do


(thou willst) eat



431

Future Imperative

(thou willst) do




Future Continuous

I will be doing




464

Future Perfect


Rephrase


Rephrase


Rephrase

34


Past Historic

thou didst




4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past







5012



thou shouldst eat



Past Continuous

thou werst doing



thou werst roaring







0 0

shuunya

eumlethicirc

1 1

ek

Jplusmn

2 2

dui

UcircS

3 3

tin

syp

4 4

caar

paraam

5 5

pâac

zIumlapara

6 6

chay

middotfrac12

7 7

saat

ay

8 8

aat

Aaq

9 9

nay

pfrac12

10 10

dash

ireg

11 11

egaara

Jsup3am

12 12

baara

cam

13 13

tera

Ecircym

14 14

coodda


15 15

panera

zjpm

16 16

sola

Ecirciquestanot

17 17

satera

jym

18 18

aathaara

Aajwm

19 19

unnish

Gspreg

20 20

bish

screg

21 21

ekush

Jplusmnsbquoreg

22 22

baaish

caSreg

23 23

teish

EcircySreg

24 24

cabbish

parasCAtildereg

25 25

pâcish

zIumlsparareg

26 26

chaabbish

middotasCAtildereg

27 27

saataash

ayareg

28 28

aathaash

Aawareg

29 29

uunatrish

Gpsecircreg

30 30

trish

secircreg

31 31

ekatrish

Jplusmnsecircreg

32 32

batrish

csecircreg

33 33

tetrish

Ecircysecircreg

34 34

cootrish


35 35

pâyatrish


36 36

chatrish

middotsecircreg

37 37

sâaitrish

IumlaSsecircreg

38 38

aat-trish

Aaqsecircreg

39 39

uunacallish


40 40

callish

parasligravereg

41 41

ekacallish


42 42

biyaallish


43 43

tetaallish

Ecircyyasligravereg

44 44

cuyaallish


45 45

pâyataallish


46 46

checallish


47 47

saat-challish

aymiddotsligravereg

48 48

aat-callish

Aaqparasligravereg

49 49

uunapansup2caash

GpzTHORNareg

50 50

pansup2caash

zTHORNareg

51 51

ekaanna

JplusmnapETH

52 52

baahaanna

caatildeap ETH

53 53

tippaanna

syzUacuteapETH

54 54

cuyaanna


55 55

pansup2caanna

zTHORNapETH

56 56

chaappaanna

middotazUacuteapETH

57 57

saataanna

ayapETH

58 58

aataanna

AaqapETH

59 59

uunasaat

Gpiquestaq

60 60

saat

iquestaq

61 61

ek-satti


62 62

baasatti

caiquestslsaquo

63 63

tesatti

Ecircyiquestslsaquo

64 64

coosatti


65 65

pâyasatti


66 66

chesatti


67 67

saat-satti

ayiquestslsaquo

68 68

aat-satti

Aaqiquestslsaquo

69 69

uunasattar

Gpraquom

70 70

sattar

raquom

71 71

ekaattar

Jplusmnaraquom

72 72

baahaattar

caatildearaquom

73 83

tiyaattar

syfrac12araquom

74 74

cuyaattar


75 75

pâcaattar

zIumlparaaraquom

76 76

chiyaattar


77 77

saataattar

ayaraquom

78 78

aataattar

Aaqaraquom

79 79

uunaashi

Gpasreg

80 80

aashi

Aasreg

81 81

ekaashi

Jplusmnasreg

82 82

biraashi

scmasreg

83 83

tiraashi

symasreg

84 84

curaashi

pararsaquomasreg

85 85

pâcaashi

zIumlparaasreg

86 86

chiyaashi

smiddotfrac12asreg

87 87

saataashi

ayasreg

88 88

aataashi

Aaqasreg

89 89

uunanabbai

GppCAtildeS

90 90

nabbai

pCAtildeS

91 91

ekaanabbai

JplusmnapCAtildeS

92 92 biraanabbai

scmapCAtildeS

93 93

tiraanabbai

symapCAtildeS

94 94

curaanabbai


95 95

pâc-aanabbai

zIumlparaapCAtildeS

96 96 chiyaanabbai


97 97 saataanabbai

ayapCAtildeS

98 98 aataanabbai

AaqapCAtildeS

99 99 niraanabbai

spmapCAtildeS








1000000000000000












23 = tin bhaager

dui bhaag



























































MONTHS AND SEASONS




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------




FEBRUARY ---------- ------------------------------




APRIL ---------- ------------------------------




JUNE ---------- ------------------------------




AUGUST ---------- ------------------------------




OCTOBER ---------- ------------------------------




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------





baparaiacute maarc

Jslsquoznot epril

Ecircb me

cedilrsaquop jun


Aasup3laquoq aagast


AjQacm aktobar





DATES












TIME ON THE CLOCK


















Oclock

























Asking the Time






















or Honorific

[2nd or 3rd]


Consonant

1

Aasb aami

-s- -i

2

yrsaquosb tumi


3

Ecirc se


-Ecirc- -e

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-Ecirc-p -en






















aache




aache






















sentence


to speak









aache








meye kothaay aache











naam



(hâa) naa




(bhaala)




































1st 2nd 3rd or

Honorific [2nd or

3rd]

After a stem ending

in a Vowel

1 Aasb aami -S -i



-frac12 -y

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-p -n



















dey







dekhi


dooraay





Study 13






[= I go] aami cali

























yuddha kare













Person

1st 2nd 3rd

2nd Honorific or

3rd Honorific

After a Stem

Ending in a

Consonant

After a Stem

ending in a

Vowel

1 I we Aasb aami

AabmAacute aamaraa

-S -i -S -i


-Ecirc-Aacute -o

(- [=A] -a)

-Ecirc-Aacute -o

3 he

she they

it they

Ecirc se

yamAacute taaraa






N you YOU

he

she they

Aazsp aapani


sysp tini



-Ecirc-p -en -p -n













Study 19




baigulo anek aache


ekhaane aache




mukti caai



















asubidhaa paay





lok-der kasta hay


















































taake bal-be




















tumi kii khaaitecha























kintu ashaanti paai

















































The man took a book















haiben)



(shun-ben)

































[ or Jjnot ele]








































































2 You must come


3 You will come





6 Let him come




kaache aaso (aasa)

[ or JjAacute eso]









bull No I cant




Done

plusmnjm kare

come

Aaj Jj aase ese

eaten


slept


been

atildejfrac12 haye

taken

spjfrac12 niye

gone

ssup3jfrac12 giye

2 (Long form

Done


come


eaten


slept


been


taken


gone



(kariyaache)










5 We had all gone






smaran karila)































































or







or






or







or










or







or










or








or
































































[ or cS bai]











[ or Aazp aapan]







themselves




























[ or sup2cm khabar]

































































18 One must go now




















































5


priya janaab

raahmaan

[ or mahaashay]


aami tomaar cek




iti

[ or bhadaniiya]







aamaar daadaa didi






[ or szs pisi]



[ or ppi nanad]







Study 57 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

































praay dash din pare

























































































6 See Note 5






10 See Note 5


possessive form


12 See Note 11
















4

Identifying Verbal

Noun

plusmnmAacute karaa

27

Infinitive Noun

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

27

Present Participle

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

45

Past Participle

plusmnjm kare


49


plusmnmjnot kar-le


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I do plusmnsm kari

(plusmnsm kari)


(plusmnm kara)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Present Imperative

Let me dohellip





2829

Present

Continuous

I am doing


(plusmnsmjysmiddot

karitechi)




(plusmnsmjyjmiddot

kariteche)



462

Present Perfect



kariyaachi)


kariyaacha)



kariyaache)



26

Future Indefinite



plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)

plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) do


(plusmnsmL kario)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Future Imperative

(You will) do


karibakarba-o)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 533

Future Continuous

I will be doing





karite thaakibe)







Future Perfect

I will have done

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I did


karilaam)





karilen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had done I did






karechila


kariyaachila)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should do

plusmnmyab kar-taam




(plusmnsmy karita)


kariten)

504

Past Continuous

I was doing






kar-chila


karitechila)





hellip kare aas-chi



hellip kare cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun


27

Infinitive Noun

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

27

Present Participle

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

45

Past Participle



49


Ecircsup2jnot khele


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I eat


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



431

Present Imperative

Let me eathellip


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



2829

Present

Continuous

I am eating


khaaitechi)



khaaitecha)





462

Present Perfect



khaaiyaachi)


kheyecha


khaaiyaacha)





26

Future Indefinite






khaaiben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) eat

- -


khaaiyo)



431

Future Imperative

(You will) eat


khaaiba

khaaiba-o)




khaaiben)



Future Perfect

I will have eaten

(Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase 534

Future Continuous

I will be eating


khete thaak-ba


khaaitehellip

thaakiba)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



thaakiben)

34


Past Historic

I ate


khaailaam)

Ecircsup2jnot khele



(sup2aSnot khaaila)


khaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had eaten I ate



khaaiyaa-

chilaam)




kheyechila


khaaiyaachila)




Past Frequentative

I should eat


khaaitaam)

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)


(sup2aSy khaaita)


khaaiten) 504

Past Continuous

I was eating





khaaitechile)


khaacchila


khaaitechila)



khaaitechilen)






hellip kheye cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun



27

Infinitive Noun



27

Present Participle



45

Past Participle



49




TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative









Present Imperative






garjaauk)


garjaaun) 2829

Present

Continuous

I am roaring




garjaaccha


garjaaitecha)



garjaaiteche)



garjaaitechen) 462

Present Perfect


garjiyechi


garjaaiyaachi)


garjiyecha


garjaaiyaacha)



garjaaiyaache)



26

Future Indefinite


garjaaba


garjaaiba)



garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)



431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) roar








431

Future Imperative

(You will) roar







garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)

535

Future Continuous

I will be roaring


garjaatehellip

thaak-ba

garjaatehellip


garjaaitehellip

thaakiba)


thaak-be


garjaaite

thaakibe)


thaak-be


garjaaitehellip

thaakibe)


thaak-ben


garjaaitehellip

thaakiben)

Future Perfect

I will have roared

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I roared



garjaailaam)




garjaalo




garjaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past




garjaaiyaa-

chilaam)




garjiyechila




5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten) 505

Past Continuous

I was roaring



garjaaite-

chilaam)






garjaaitechila)



garjaaitechilen)



garjiye aas-chi



garjiye cali

(garjaaiyaa cali)




TENSE

to do

plusmnmAacute karaa

to eat


to roar



61







sup2Aacute khaa

Let thou roarhellip


Present

Continuous

thou art doing




462

Present Perfect

thou hast doing




26

Future Indefinite

thou willst do

plusmnmsc kar-bi

thou willst eat



Future Imperative

Common

(thou willst) do


(thou willst) eat



431

Future Imperative

(thou willst) do




Future Continuous

I will be doing




464

Future Perfect


Rephrase


Rephrase


Rephrase

34


Past Historic

thou didst




4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past







5012



thou shouldst eat



Past Continuous

thou werst doing



thou werst roaring







0 0

shuunya

eumlethicirc

1 1

ek

Jplusmn

2 2

dui

UcircS

3 3

tin

syp

4 4

caar

paraam

5 5

pâac

zIumlapara

6 6

chay

middotfrac12

7 7

saat

ay

8 8

aat

Aaq

9 9

nay

pfrac12

10 10

dash

ireg

11 11

egaara

Jsup3am

12 12

baara

cam

13 13

tera

Ecircym

14 14

coodda


15 15

panera

zjpm

16 16

sola

Ecirciquestanot

17 17

satera

jym

18 18

aathaara

Aajwm

19 19

unnish

Gspreg

20 20

bish

screg

21 21

ekush

Jplusmnsbquoreg

22 22

baaish

caSreg

23 23

teish

EcircySreg

24 24

cabbish

parasCAtildereg

25 25

pâcish

zIumlsparareg

26 26

chaabbish

middotasCAtildereg

27 27

saataash

ayareg

28 28

aathaash

Aawareg

29 29

uunatrish

Gpsecircreg

30 30

trish

secircreg

31 31

ekatrish

Jplusmnsecircreg

32 32

batrish

csecircreg

33 33

tetrish

Ecircysecircreg

34 34

cootrish


35 35

pâyatrish


36 36

chatrish

middotsecircreg

37 37

sâaitrish

IumlaSsecircreg

38 38

aat-trish

Aaqsecircreg

39 39

uunacallish


40 40

callish

parasligravereg

41 41

ekacallish


42 42

biyaallish


43 43

tetaallish

Ecircyyasligravereg

44 44

cuyaallish


45 45

pâyataallish


46 46

checallish


47 47

saat-challish

aymiddotsligravereg

48 48

aat-callish

Aaqparasligravereg

49 49

uunapansup2caash

GpzTHORNareg

50 50

pansup2caash

zTHORNareg

51 51

ekaanna

JplusmnapETH

52 52

baahaanna

caatildeap ETH

53 53

tippaanna

syzUacuteapETH

54 54

cuyaanna


55 55

pansup2caanna

zTHORNapETH

56 56

chaappaanna

middotazUacuteapETH

57 57

saataanna

ayapETH

58 58

aataanna

AaqapETH

59 59

uunasaat

Gpiquestaq

60 60

saat

iquestaq

61 61

ek-satti


62 62

baasatti

caiquestslsaquo

63 63

tesatti

Ecircyiquestslsaquo

64 64

coosatti


65 65

pâyasatti


66 66

chesatti


67 67

saat-satti

ayiquestslsaquo

68 68

aat-satti

Aaqiquestslsaquo

69 69

uunasattar

Gpraquom

70 70

sattar

raquom

71 71

ekaattar

Jplusmnaraquom

72 72

baahaattar

caatildearaquom

73 83

tiyaattar

syfrac12araquom

74 74

cuyaattar


75 75

pâcaattar

zIumlparaaraquom

76 76

chiyaattar


77 77

saataattar

ayaraquom

78 78

aataattar

Aaqaraquom

79 79

uunaashi

Gpasreg

80 80

aashi

Aasreg

81 81

ekaashi

Jplusmnasreg

82 82

biraashi

scmasreg

83 83

tiraashi

symasreg

84 84

curaashi

pararsaquomasreg

85 85

pâcaashi

zIumlparaasreg

86 86

chiyaashi

smiddotfrac12asreg

87 87

saataashi

ayasreg

88 88

aataashi

Aaqasreg

89 89

uunanabbai

GppCAtildeS

90 90

nabbai

pCAtildeS

91 91

ekaanabbai

JplusmnapCAtildeS

92 92 biraanabbai

scmapCAtildeS

93 93

tiraanabbai

symapCAtildeS

94 94

curaanabbai


95 95

pâc-aanabbai

zIumlparaapCAtildeS

96 96 chiyaanabbai


97 97 saataanabbai

ayapCAtildeS

98 98 aataanabbai

AaqapCAtildeS

99 99 niraanabbai

spmapCAtildeS








1000000000000000












23 = tin bhaager

dui bhaag



























































MONTHS AND SEASONS




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------




FEBRUARY ---------- ------------------------------




APRIL ---------- ------------------------------




JUNE ---------- ------------------------------




AUGUST ---------- ------------------------------




OCTOBER ---------- ------------------------------




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------





baparaiacute maarc

Jslsquoznot epril

Ecircb me

cedilrsaquop jun


Aasup3laquoq aagast


AjQacm aktobar





DATES












TIME ON THE CLOCK


















Oclock

























Asking the Time






















or Honorific

[2nd or 3rd]


Consonant

1

Aasb aami

-s- -i

2

yrsaquosb tumi


3

Ecirc se


-Ecirc- -e

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-Ecirc-p -en






















aache




aache






















sentence


to speak









aache








meye kothaay aache











naam



(hâa) naa




(bhaala)




































1st 2nd 3rd or

Honorific [2nd or

3rd]

After a stem ending

in a Vowel

1 Aasb aami -S -i



-frac12 -y

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-p -n



















dey







dekhi


dooraay





Study 13






[= I go] aami cali

























yuddha kare













Person

1st 2nd 3rd

2nd Honorific or

3rd Honorific

After a Stem

Ending in a

Consonant

After a Stem

ending in a

Vowel

1 I we Aasb aami

AabmAacute aamaraa

-S -i -S -i


-Ecirc-Aacute -o

(- [=A] -a)

-Ecirc-Aacute -o

3 he

she they

it they

Ecirc se

yamAacute taaraa






N you YOU

he

she they

Aazsp aapani


sysp tini



-Ecirc-p -en -p -n













Study 19




baigulo anek aache


ekhaane aache




mukti caai



















asubidhaa paay





lok-der kasta hay


















































taake bal-be




















tumi kii khaaitecha























kintu ashaanti paai

















































The man took a book















haiben)



(shun-ben)

































[ or Jjnot ele]








































































2 You must come


3 You will come





6 Let him come




kaache aaso (aasa)

[ or JjAacute eso]









bull No I cant




Done

plusmnjm kare

come

Aaj Jj aase ese

eaten


slept


been

atildejfrac12 haye

taken

spjfrac12 niye

gone

ssup3jfrac12 giye

2 (Long form

Done


come


eaten


slept


been


taken


gone



(kariyaache)










5 We had all gone






smaran karila)































































or







or






or







or










or







or










or








or
































































[ or cS bai]











[ or Aazp aapan]







themselves




























[ or sup2cm khabar]

































































18 One must go now




















































5


priya janaab

raahmaan

[ or mahaashay]


aami tomaar cek




iti

[ or bhadaniiya]







aamaar daadaa didi






[ or szs pisi]



[ or ppi nanad]







Study 57 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

































praay dash din pare












































































6 See Note 5






10 See Note 5


possessive form


12 See Note 11
















4

Identifying Verbal

Noun

plusmnmAacute karaa

27

Infinitive Noun

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

27

Present Participle

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

45

Past Participle

plusmnjm kare


49


plusmnmjnot kar-le


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I do plusmnsm kari

(plusmnsm kari)


(plusmnm kara)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Present Imperative

Let me dohellip





2829

Present

Continuous

I am doing


(plusmnsmjysmiddot

karitechi)




(plusmnsmjyjmiddot

kariteche)



462

Present Perfect



kariyaachi)


kariyaacha)



kariyaache)



26

Future Indefinite



plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)

plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) do


(plusmnsmL kario)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Future Imperative

(You will) do


karibakarba-o)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 533

Future Continuous

I will be doing





karite thaakibe)







Future Perfect

I will have done

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I did


karilaam)





karilen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had done I did






karechila


kariyaachila)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should do

plusmnmyab kar-taam




(plusmnsmy karita)


kariten)

504

Past Continuous

I was doing






kar-chila


karitechila)





hellip kare aas-chi



hellip kare cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun


27

Infinitive Noun

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

27

Present Participle

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

45

Past Participle



49


Ecircsup2jnot khele


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I eat


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



431

Present Imperative

Let me eathellip


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



2829

Present

Continuous

I am eating


khaaitechi)



khaaitecha)





462

Present Perfect



khaaiyaachi)


kheyecha


khaaiyaacha)





26

Future Indefinite






khaaiben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) eat

- -


khaaiyo)



431

Future Imperative

(You will) eat


khaaiba

khaaiba-o)




khaaiben)



Future Perfect

I will have eaten

(Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase 534

Future Continuous

I will be eating


khete thaak-ba


khaaitehellip

thaakiba)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



thaakiben)

34


Past Historic

I ate


khaailaam)

Ecircsup2jnot khele



(sup2aSnot khaaila)


khaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had eaten I ate



khaaiyaa-

chilaam)




kheyechila


khaaiyaachila)




Past Frequentative

I should eat


khaaitaam)

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)


(sup2aSy khaaita)


khaaiten) 504

Past Continuous

I was eating





khaaitechile)


khaacchila


khaaitechila)



khaaitechilen)






hellip kheye cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun



27

Infinitive Noun



27

Present Participle



45

Past Participle



49




TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative









Present Imperative






garjaauk)


garjaaun) 2829

Present

Continuous

I am roaring




garjaaccha


garjaaitecha)



garjaaiteche)



garjaaitechen) 462

Present Perfect


garjiyechi


garjaaiyaachi)


garjiyecha


garjaaiyaacha)



garjaaiyaache)



26

Future Indefinite


garjaaba


garjaaiba)



garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)



431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) roar








431

Future Imperative

(You will) roar







garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)

535

Future Continuous

I will be roaring


garjaatehellip

thaak-ba

garjaatehellip


garjaaitehellip

thaakiba)


thaak-be


garjaaite

thaakibe)


thaak-be


garjaaitehellip

thaakibe)


thaak-ben


garjaaitehellip

thaakiben)

Future Perfect

I will have roared

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I roared



garjaailaam)




garjaalo




garjaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past




garjaaiyaa-

chilaam)




garjiyechila




5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten) 505

Past Continuous

I was roaring



garjaaite-

chilaam)






garjaaitechila)



garjaaitechilen)



garjiye aas-chi



garjiye cali

(garjaaiyaa cali)




TENSE

to do

plusmnmAacute karaa

to eat


to roar



61







sup2Aacute khaa

Let thou roarhellip


Present

Continuous

thou art doing




462

Present Perfect

thou hast doing




26

Future Indefinite

thou willst do

plusmnmsc kar-bi

thou willst eat



Future Imperative

Common

(thou willst) do


(thou willst) eat



431

Future Imperative

(thou willst) do




Future Continuous

I will be doing




464

Future Perfect


Rephrase


Rephrase


Rephrase

34


Past Historic

thou didst




4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past







5012



thou shouldst eat



Past Continuous

thou werst doing



thou werst roaring







0 0

shuunya

eumlethicirc

1 1

ek

Jplusmn

2 2

dui

UcircS

3 3

tin

syp

4 4

caar

paraam

5 5

pâac

zIumlapara

6 6

chay

middotfrac12

7 7

saat

ay

8 8

aat

Aaq

9 9

nay

pfrac12

10 10

dash

ireg

11 11

egaara

Jsup3am

12 12

baara

cam

13 13

tera

Ecircym

14 14

coodda


15 15

panera

zjpm

16 16

sola

Ecirciquestanot

17 17

satera

jym

18 18

aathaara

Aajwm

19 19

unnish

Gspreg

20 20

bish

screg

21 21

ekush

Jplusmnsbquoreg

22 22

baaish

caSreg

23 23

teish

EcircySreg

24 24

cabbish

parasCAtildereg

25 25

pâcish

zIumlsparareg

26 26

chaabbish

middotasCAtildereg

27 27

saataash

ayareg

28 28

aathaash

Aawareg

29 29

uunatrish

Gpsecircreg

30 30

trish

secircreg

31 31

ekatrish

Jplusmnsecircreg

32 32

batrish

csecircreg

33 33

tetrish

Ecircysecircreg

34 34

cootrish


35 35

pâyatrish


36 36

chatrish

middotsecircreg

37 37

sâaitrish

IumlaSsecircreg

38 38

aat-trish

Aaqsecircreg

39 39

uunacallish


40 40

callish

parasligravereg

41 41

ekacallish


42 42

biyaallish


43 43

tetaallish

Ecircyyasligravereg

44 44

cuyaallish


45 45

pâyataallish


46 46

checallish


47 47

saat-challish

aymiddotsligravereg

48 48

aat-callish

Aaqparasligravereg

49 49

uunapansup2caash

GpzTHORNareg

50 50

pansup2caash

zTHORNareg

51 51

ekaanna

JplusmnapETH

52 52

baahaanna

caatildeap ETH

53 53

tippaanna

syzUacuteapETH

54 54

cuyaanna


55 55

pansup2caanna

zTHORNapETH

56 56

chaappaanna

middotazUacuteapETH

57 57

saataanna

ayapETH

58 58

aataanna

AaqapETH

59 59

uunasaat

Gpiquestaq

60 60

saat

iquestaq

61 61

ek-satti


62 62

baasatti

caiquestslsaquo

63 63

tesatti

Ecircyiquestslsaquo

64 64

coosatti


65 65

pâyasatti


66 66

chesatti


67 67

saat-satti

ayiquestslsaquo

68 68

aat-satti

Aaqiquestslsaquo

69 69

uunasattar

Gpraquom

70 70

sattar

raquom

71 71

ekaattar

Jplusmnaraquom

72 72

baahaattar

caatildearaquom

73 83

tiyaattar

syfrac12araquom

74 74

cuyaattar


75 75

pâcaattar

zIumlparaaraquom

76 76

chiyaattar


77 77

saataattar

ayaraquom

78 78

aataattar

Aaqaraquom

79 79

uunaashi

Gpasreg

80 80

aashi

Aasreg

81 81

ekaashi

Jplusmnasreg

82 82

biraashi

scmasreg

83 83

tiraashi

symasreg

84 84

curaashi

pararsaquomasreg

85 85

pâcaashi

zIumlparaasreg

86 86

chiyaashi

smiddotfrac12asreg

87 87

saataashi

ayasreg

88 88

aataashi

Aaqasreg

89 89

uunanabbai

GppCAtildeS

90 90

nabbai

pCAtildeS

91 91

ekaanabbai

JplusmnapCAtildeS

92 92 biraanabbai

scmapCAtildeS

93 93

tiraanabbai

symapCAtildeS

94 94

curaanabbai


95 95

pâc-aanabbai

zIumlparaapCAtildeS

96 96 chiyaanabbai


97 97 saataanabbai

ayapCAtildeS

98 98 aataanabbai

AaqapCAtildeS

99 99 niraanabbai

spmapCAtildeS








1000000000000000












23 = tin bhaager

dui bhaag



























































MONTHS AND SEASONS




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------




FEBRUARY ---------- ------------------------------




APRIL ---------- ------------------------------




JUNE ---------- ------------------------------




AUGUST ---------- ------------------------------




OCTOBER ---------- ------------------------------




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------





baparaiacute maarc

Jslsquoznot epril

Ecircb me

cedilrsaquop jun


Aasup3laquoq aagast


AjQacm aktobar





DATES












TIME ON THE CLOCK


















Oclock

























Asking the Time






















or Honorific

[2nd or 3rd]


Consonant

1

Aasb aami

-s- -i

2

yrsaquosb tumi


3

Ecirc se


-Ecirc- -e

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-Ecirc-p -en






















aache




aache






















sentence


to speak









aache








meye kothaay aache











naam



(hâa) naa




(bhaala)




































1st 2nd 3rd or

Honorific [2nd or

3rd]

After a stem ending

in a Vowel

1 Aasb aami -S -i



-frac12 -y

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-p -n



















dey







dekhi


dooraay





Study 13






[= I go] aami cali

























yuddha kare













Person

1st 2nd 3rd

2nd Honorific or

3rd Honorific

After a Stem

Ending in a

Consonant

After a Stem

ending in a

Vowel

1 I we Aasb aami

AabmAacute aamaraa

-S -i -S -i


-Ecirc-Aacute -o

(- [=A] -a)

-Ecirc-Aacute -o

3 he

she they

it they

Ecirc se

yamAacute taaraa






N you YOU

he

she they

Aazsp aapani


sysp tini



-Ecirc-p -en -p -n













Study 19




baigulo anek aache


ekhaane aache




mukti caai



















asubidhaa paay





lok-der kasta hay


















































taake bal-be




















tumi kii khaaitecha























kintu ashaanti paai

















































The man took a book















haiben)



(shun-ben)

































[ or Jjnot ele]








































































2 You must come


3 You will come





6 Let him come




kaache aaso (aasa)

[ or JjAacute eso]









bull No I cant




Done

plusmnjm kare

come

Aaj Jj aase ese

eaten


slept


been

atildejfrac12 haye

taken

spjfrac12 niye

gone

ssup3jfrac12 giye

2 (Long form

Done


come


eaten


slept


been


taken


gone



(kariyaache)










5 We had all gone






smaran karila)































































or







or






or







or










or







or










or








or
































































[ or cS bai]











[ or Aazp aapan]







themselves




























[ or sup2cm khabar]

































































18 One must go now




















































5


priya janaab

raahmaan

[ or mahaashay]


aami tomaar cek




iti

[ or bhadaniiya]







aamaar daadaa didi






[ or szs pisi]



[ or ppi nanad]







Study 57 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

































praay dash din pare































































6 See Note 5






10 See Note 5


possessive form


12 See Note 11
















4

Identifying Verbal

Noun

plusmnmAacute karaa

27

Infinitive Noun

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

27

Present Participle

plusmnmjy kar-te

(plusmnsmjy karite)

45

Past Participle

plusmnjm kare


49


plusmnmjnot kar-le


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I do plusmnsm kari

(plusmnsm kari)


(plusmnm kara)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Present Imperative

Let me dohellip





2829

Present

Continuous

I am doing


(plusmnsmjysmiddot

karitechi)




(plusmnsmjyjmiddot

kariteche)



462

Present Perfect



kariyaachi)


kariyaacha)



kariyaache)



26

Future Indefinite



plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)

plusmnmjc kar-be

(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) do


(plusmnsmL kario)

plusmnjm kare

(plusmnjm kare)

plusmnjmp karen

(plusmnjmp karen)

431

Future Imperative

(You will) do


karibakarba-o)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


(plusmnsmjc karibe)


kariben) 533

Future Continuous

I will be doing





karite thaakibe)







Future Perfect

I will have done

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I did


karilaam)





karilen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had done I did






karechila


kariyaachila)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should do

plusmnmyab kar-taam




(plusmnsmy karita)


kariten)

504

Past Continuous

I was doing






kar-chila


karitechila)





hellip kare aas-chi



hellip kare cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun


27

Infinitive Noun

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

27

Present Participle

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)

45

Past Participle



49


Ecircsup2jnot khele


TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative

I eat


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



431

Present Imperative

Let me eathellip


sup2aL khaao

(sup2aL khaao)



2829

Present

Continuous

I am eating


khaaitechi)



khaaitecha)





462

Present Perfect



khaaiyaachi)


kheyecha


khaaiyaacha)





26

Future Indefinite






khaaiben) 431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) eat

- -


khaaiyo)



431

Future Imperative

(You will) eat


khaaiba

khaaiba-o)




khaaiben)



Future Perfect

I will have eaten

(Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase (Gr 464)

Rephrase 534

Future Continuous

I will be eating


khete thaak-ba


khaaitehellip

thaakiba)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



khaaitehellip

thaakibe)



thaakiben)

34


Past Historic

I ate


khaailaam)

Ecircsup2jnot khele



(sup2aSnot khaaila)


khaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past

I had eaten I ate



khaaiyaa-

chilaam)




kheyechila


khaaiyaachila)




Past Frequentative

I should eat


khaaitaam)

Ecircsup2jy khete

(sup2aSjy khaaite)


(sup2aSy khaaita)


khaaiten) 504

Past Continuous

I was eating





khaaitechile)


khaacchila


khaaitechila)



khaaitechilen)






hellip kheye cali





4

Identifying Verbal

Noun



27

Infinitive Noun



27

Present Participle



45

Past Participle



49




TENSE

shortChalito Style

Aasb aami

(longSadhu Style

Aasb aami)

shortChalito Style

yrsaquosb tumi

(longSadhu Style

yrsaquosb tumi)

shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


shortChalito Style


(longSadhu Style


61

Present Indicative









Present Imperative






garjaauk)


garjaaun) 2829

Present

Continuous

I am roaring




garjaaccha


garjaaitecha)



garjaaiteche)



garjaaitechen) 462

Present Perfect


garjiyechi


garjaaiyaachi)


garjiyecha


garjaaiyaacha)



garjaaiyaache)



26

Future Indefinite


garjaaba


garjaaiba)



garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)



431

Future Imperative

Common

(You will) roar








431

Future Imperative

(You will) roar







garjaaibe)



garjaaibe)



garjaaiben)

535

Future Continuous

I will be roaring


garjaatehellip

thaak-ba

garjaatehellip


garjaaitehellip

thaakiba)


thaak-be


garjaaite

thaakibe)


thaak-be


garjaaitehellip

thaakibe)


thaak-ben


garjaaitehellip

thaakiben)

Future Perfect

I will have roared

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

(Gr 464)

Rephrase

34


Past Historic

I roared



garjaailaam)




garjaalo




garjaailen) 4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past




garjaaiyaa-

chilaam)




garjiyechila




5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten)



5012

Past Frequentative

I should roar



garjaaitaam)





garjaaita)



garjaaiten) 505

Past Continuous

I was roaring



garjaaite-

chilaam)






garjaaitechila)



garjaaitechilen)



garjiye aas-chi



garjiye cali

(garjaaiyaa cali)




TENSE

to do

plusmnmAacute karaa

to eat


to roar



61







sup2Aacute khaa

Let thou roarhellip


Present

Continuous

thou art doing




462

Present Perfect

thou hast doing




26

Future Indefinite

thou willst do

plusmnmsc kar-bi

thou willst eat



Future Imperative

Common

(thou willst) do


(thou willst) eat



431

Future Imperative

(thou willst) do




Future Continuous

I will be doing




464

Future Perfect


Rephrase


Rephrase


Rephrase

34


Past Historic

thou didst




4623

Past Perfect

Pluperfect

Common Past







5012



thou shouldst eat



Past Continuous

thou werst doing



thou werst roaring







0 0

shuunya

eumlethicirc

1 1

ek

Jplusmn

2 2

dui

UcircS

3 3

tin

syp

4 4

caar

paraam

5 5

pâac

zIumlapara

6 6

chay

middotfrac12

7 7

saat

ay

8 8

aat

Aaq

9 9

nay

pfrac12

10 10

dash

ireg

11 11

egaara

Jsup3am

12 12

baara

cam

13 13

tera

Ecircym

14 14

coodda


15 15

panera

zjpm

16 16

sola

Ecirciquestanot

17 17

satera

jym

18 18

aathaara

Aajwm

19 19

unnish

Gspreg

20 20

bish

screg

21 21

ekush

Jplusmnsbquoreg

22 22

baaish

caSreg

23 23

teish

EcircySreg

24 24

cabbish

parasCAtildereg

25 25

pâcish

zIumlsparareg

26 26

chaabbish

middotasCAtildereg

27 27

saataash

ayareg

28 28

aathaash

Aawareg

29 29

uunatrish

Gpsecircreg

30 30

trish

secircreg

31 31

ekatrish

Jplusmnsecircreg

32 32

batrish

csecircreg

33 33

tetrish

Ecircysecircreg

34 34

cootrish


35 35

pâyatrish


36 36

chatrish

middotsecircreg

37 37

sâaitrish

IumlaSsecircreg

38 38

aat-trish

Aaqsecircreg

39 39

uunacallish


40 40

callish

parasligravereg

41 41

ekacallish


42 42

biyaallish


43 43

tetaallish

Ecircyyasligravereg

44 44

cuyaallish


45 45

pâyataallish


46 46

checallish


47 47

saat-challish

aymiddotsligravereg

48 48

aat-callish

Aaqparasligravereg

49 49

uunapansup2caash

GpzTHORNareg

50 50

pansup2caash

zTHORNareg

51 51

ekaanna

JplusmnapETH

52 52

baahaanna

caatildeap ETH

53 53

tippaanna

syzUacuteapETH

54 54

cuyaanna


55 55

pansup2caanna

zTHORNapETH

56 56

chaappaanna

middotazUacuteapETH

57 57

saataanna

ayapETH

58 58

aataanna

AaqapETH

59 59

uunasaat

Gpiquestaq

60 60

saat

iquestaq

61 61

ek-satti


62 62

baasatti

caiquestslsaquo

63 63

tesatti

Ecircyiquestslsaquo

64 64

coosatti


65 65

pâyasatti


66 66

chesatti


67 67

saat-satti

ayiquestslsaquo

68 68

aat-satti

Aaqiquestslsaquo

69 69

uunasattar

Gpraquom

70 70

sattar

raquom

71 71

ekaattar

Jplusmnaraquom

72 72

baahaattar

caatildearaquom

73 83

tiyaattar

syfrac12araquom

74 74

cuyaattar


75 75

pâcaattar

zIumlparaaraquom

76 76

chiyaattar


77 77

saataattar

ayaraquom

78 78

aataattar

Aaqaraquom

79 79

uunaashi

Gpasreg

80 80

aashi

Aasreg

81 81

ekaashi

Jplusmnasreg

82 82

biraashi

scmasreg

83 83

tiraashi

symasreg

84 84

curaashi

pararsaquomasreg

85 85

pâcaashi

zIumlparaasreg

86 86

chiyaashi

smiddotfrac12asreg

87 87

saataashi

ayasreg

88 88

aataashi

Aaqasreg

89 89

uunanabbai

GppCAtildeS

90 90

nabbai

pCAtildeS

91 91

ekaanabbai

JplusmnapCAtildeS

92 92 biraanabbai

scmapCAtildeS

93 93

tiraanabbai

symapCAtildeS

94 94

curaanabbai


95 95

pâc-aanabbai

zIumlparaapCAtildeS

96 96 chiyaanabbai


97 97 saataanabbai

ayapCAtildeS

98 98 aataanabbai

AaqapCAtildeS

99 99 niraanabbai

spmapCAtildeS








1000000000000000












23 = tin bhaager

dui bhaag



























































MONTHS AND SEASONS




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------




FEBRUARY ---------- ------------------------------




APRIL ---------- ------------------------------




JUNE ---------- ------------------------------




AUGUST ---------- ------------------------------




OCTOBER ---------- ------------------------------




DECEMBER ---------- ------------------------------





baparaiacute maarc

Jslsquoznot epril

Ecircb me

cedilrsaquop jun


Aasup3laquoq aagast


AjQacm aktobar





DATES












TIME ON THE CLOCK


















Oclock

























Asking the Time






















or Honorific

[2nd or 3rd]


Consonant

1

Aasb aami

-s- -i

2

yrsaquosb tumi


3

Ecirc se


-Ecirc- -e

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-Ecirc-p -en






















aache




aache






















sentence


to speak









aache








meye kothaay aache











naam



(hâa) naa




(bhaala)




































1st 2nd 3rd or

Honorific [2nd or

3rd]

After a stem ending

in a Vowel

1 Aasb aami -S -i



-frac12 -y

N

Aazsp aapani

sysp tini

-p -n



















dey







dekhi


dooraay





Study 13






[= I go] aami cali

























yuddha kare













Person

1st 2nd 3rd

2nd Honorific or

3rd Honorific

After a Stem

Ending in a

Consonant

After a Stem

ending in a

Vowel

1 I we Aasb aami

AabmAacute aamaraa

-S -i -S -i


-Ecirc-Aacute -o

(- [=A] -a)

-Ecirc-Aacute -o

3 he

she they

it they

Ecirc se

yamAacute taaraa






N you YOU

he

she they

Aazsp aapani


sysp tini



-Ecirc-p -en -p -n













Study 19




baigulo anek aache


ekhaane aache




mukti caai



















asubidhaa paay





lok-der kasta hay


















































taake bal-be




















tumi kii khaaitecha























kintu ashaanti paai

















































The man took a book















haiben)



(shun-ben)

































[ or Jjnot ele]








































































2 You must come


3 You will come





6 Let him come




kaache aaso (aasa)

[ or JjAacute eso]









bull No I cant




Done

plusmnjm kare

come

Aaj Jj aase ese

eaten


slept


been

atildejfrac12 haye

taken

spjfrac12 niye

gone

ssup3jfrac12 giye

2 (Long form

Done


come


eaten


slept


been


taken


gone



(kariyaache)










5 We had all gone






smaran karila)































































or







or






or







or










or







or










or








or
































































[ or cS bai]











[ or Aazp aapan]







themselves




























[ or sup2cm khabar]

































































18 One must go now




















































5


priya janaab

raahmaan

[ or mahaashay]


aami tomaar cek




iti

[ or bhadaniiya]







aamaar daadaa didi






[ or szs pisi]



[ or ppi nanad]







Study 57 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

































praay dash din pare

















































Documents

Bengali Grammar Summary - jaspell.ukjaspell.uk/bengalicourse2007/grammar_summary_20140321.pdfMar 21, 2014 · Title: Bengali Grammar Summary Author: Burford Subject: Bengali Grammar