Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects€¦ · Best practice example based on EON‘s ... (BfS) 14 Best Practice in E ... Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas

Best Practice

in E.ON Decommissioning

Projects

Andreas Ehlert, E.ON New Build

& Technology GmbH

Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas Ehlert, November 20122

Agenda

Introduction

E.ON‘s

view on nuclear decommissioning

Licensing in Germany & case study “EON‘s

approach at Stade

NPP”

Best practice example based on EON‘s

decommissioning experience

Würgassen

Nuclear Power Plant

Stade

Nuclear Power Plant

Barsebäck


E.ON’s

decommissioning experience and technology deployment needs

Many decommissioning technologies are already in use today, however, a number of areas still need further development and support.

Heat exchanger dismantling, Stade

NPP, Germany

20302000

Experience

Market

Decommissioning market is emerging and may reach up to EUR 20-30 bn

cumulated until 2030 in Europe

E.ON gained substantial experience in the direct dismantling of Stade

NPP (640 MWe) and Würgassen

NPP (640 MWe) over the past 15 years; more E.ON plants to follow in the coming years

Technology

Surface decontamination, Stade

NPP, Germany


Nuclear

Power Plants

in Germany: Status Quo

E.ON minority

interest

NPP

E.ON operated

NPP

KrümmelBrokdorf

Unterweser

EmslandHannover

(E.ON Generation Headquater)

Grohnde

Neckarwestheim 1+2

Grafenrheinfeld

Gundremmingen B +C

Brunsbüttel

NPP shut

down after

Fukushima

Competitor

operated

NPP(no E.ON share)

Philippsburg 1+2

Biblis 1+2

Isar 1 + 2

Installed capacity ≈

7,8 GW

Employees ≈

3.500

Power generation ≈

60 TWh

E.ON:

17 units in operation(7* units operated by E.ON, 10** with minority stakes)

9

units shut down / under decommissioning and dismantling

Source: E.ON (2012)

* 4 units

in Germany + 3 units

in Sweden

** 3 units

in Germany + 7 units

in Sweden


2030202520202015201020052000

Decommissioning market is emerging and may reach up to EUR 20-30 bn

cumulated until 2030 in Europe

Category

E.ON plants

External plants (Europe excl. Russia)

Market development (€

millions)

201020052000 2030202520202015

Conservative Case2

Expected Case1

BrokdorfGrohnde

Isar

IUnterweser

StadeGrafenrhein-

feld

Isar

II

Barsebaeck

II

Würgassen

‘95Barsebaeck

I ‘99

6.6

Cum. decom. volume(2012-2030 in €

billions)

20-30

1 Incl. other plants in Germany and 2-3 out of 10 plants that go after shut down into immed. dismantling in Belgium, Switzerland, Finland, France, Bulgaria, Czech Rep., Lithuania, Slovakia, UK2 Incl. other plants in Germany and 1 out of 10 plants that go after shut down into immediate dismantling in Belgium, Finland, France and Switzerland


A nuclear decommissioning project is structured along six phases

6

Service operations

Dismantling

Waste handling

3

4

5

Demo- lition

6

Steering (planning / management)1

End of commercial operations

Removal of fuel elements

Release from nuclear legislation

1

Planned shut down (3 years post operations)

3 years1

10 years 2 years

„Green field“

Post operations

2


However, we see four major areas for further technological development and improvements

Allow disposal of entire components

Improve disposal capacity for med /low active waste

Adjust release limits

Develop recycling options

Improve standardization

Improve automation in currently personal intensive work

Improve techniques for decontamination

Leverage based on total amount of surface

Improve automation of tools

More flexible remote controlled tools

“Intelligent tools to measure decontamination success”

*) RPV = Reactor pressure vessel

Improve standardization

Reuse equipment

Simplify tools

Improve automation

RPV* and RPV internals Waste treatment and recycling

Decontamination & release measurement of surface Disposal requirements

1

3

2

4

Licensing in Germany & case study “EON‘s approach at Stade

NPP”


General Overview: Licensing in Germany

9 reactors in operations (PWR and BWR). The licensing of nuclear

installations is regulated in the Atomic Energy Act (Atomgesetz)

New build is not allowed by law

Phase out policy in place (closure of all plants by 2022)

Environment ministries of the 5 Länder where NPPs

are located

Federal ministers of environment (BMU)

Technical support:

For Länder authorities: mainly TÜV (3rd party experts)

For BMU: RSK (Reaktorsicherheitskommission), GRS (Gesellschaft

für

Anlagen-

und Reaktorsicherheit), SSK (Strahlenschutz

Kommission), ESK (Entsorgungskommission)

Decommissioning operator: Four companies (EON, RWE, EnBW, Vattenfall)


Federal System in Germany

Germany is a federal republic (basic law)

Germany comprises 16 federal states („Länder“)

Responsibilities for legislation and execution are assigned to the organs of the Federation and the Länder

Leibniz-Institut für Länderkunde


Licensing: Legal Basis in Germany

§

7 AtG: Licensing of Installations

§§

7 and 29 StrlSchV (Radiation Protection Ordinance)

§

19 AtG: Government Supervision

(2) „A license may only be granted if …no facts giving rise to doubts as to the reliability of the applicant and person responsible …, the necessary precautions have been taken …of the art in science and technology to prevent damage from operation …“

(1) „The handling of and dealing in radioactive material …

shall be subject to Government supervision. The …

authorities shall …

assure compliance with provisions …

ordinances …

license …“

(3) „The decommissioning of an installation …

the dismantling …

shall require a license“

§

7 (1) Who handles …

radioactive material …

shall need a license …

§

29 (1) A licensee …

is allowed to handle …

radioactive material …as non radioactive material …

if the competent authority has granted the clearance …

and …assesses the accordance with the …

requirements


Applicable Decommissioning Strategies in Germany

9.5

Decommissioning

Post-operational Phase

Operation

Transportationof

spent

fuel

elements

Achieving Safe Enclosure Immediate Dismantling

Safe EnclosureDuration about 30 years

Dismantling


Stakeholder involvement in licensing in Germany

Text überschreiben

Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz

(BfS)


First Findings: Licensing in Germany

Regulatory system in Germany is „unique“

Two layers of administration (federal and Länder)

Un-unified status of technical regulations

Import role of external experts (e.g. TÜV)

High requirements: Focus on legal and technical issues

Notice: Waste Backend still open(1) site KONRAD

(2) site GORLEBEN

Leibniz-Institut für Länderkunde


Decommissioned and dismantled nuclear power stations in Germany –

EON plants highlighted

KWW - Würgassen BWR, 640MWelConstruction:

1968Grid connection: 1971Final shut down:

1995Approved licence for decommissioning Part I: 14. April 1997

KKS - Stade PWR, 630MWelConstruction: 1968 Grid connection: 1972Final shut down: 2003Approved licence for decommissioning Part I: 08. September 2005


E.ON gained substantial experience in the direct dismantling of Stade

und Würgassen

NPP

Isar I / Unterweser

Unplanned shut down (Moratorium)

Use of proven dismantling techniques and experience in waste treatment

Implementation based on decom. critical process

Early use of standby systems instead of established systems

Final disposal to Konrad

(2019)

Convoy use of tools (KKG, etc.)

Capacity (MW)TypeStatus

878 / 1.345

BWR / PWR

“Nichtleistungsbetrieb”

-

shut down stage (KKI/KKU)

Examples

NPPs

Start of dism.

Immediate dismantling planned*

Würgassen Stade

Unplanned shut down (start of decom. from revision)

Planned shut down on short-term notice (fuel transports and storage)

Execution based on “small step approach”

(dismantling, regulation)

Dismantling approach based on critical path assessment

Build-up of experience, decom. technology and process know-how

Planning started during operations phase, know-

how transfer ensured

640

BWR

Decom. 2014 completed (exp.) w/o civil demolition

640

PWR

Decom. 2014 completed (exp.) w/o civil demolition

Immediate dismantling ongoing

1997 2005 (2018e / 2018e)*

Shut down 1995 2003 2011 / 2011

Dism. duration 15 yrs. (ongoing) 7 yrs. (ongoing) 10 yrs. (planned)

* Decommissioning strategy and start influenced by ongoing constitutional complaint („Verfassungsbeschwerde“)


Decommissiong

Stade: Project schedule


Decommissiong

of Stade

NPP is

divided

into

4 phases

Text überschreiben


Decommissiong

of Stade

NPP is divided into 4 phases

Licensing of decommissioning Stade

separated into four phases

Owner of the Stade

NPP applies for license for all phases

(addressed to NUM –

“Land Niedersachsen”)

Technical Surveillance Organization proves and evaluates the application and presents his assessment (ordered by NUM)

NUM considers application and advisory opinion and prepares a final draft

Federal supervision by the Federal Ministry of Environment

NUM grants license

Time schedule:Phase 1: 23.07.2001 –

7.09.2005

Duration: 4 a

Phase 2: 27.08.2004 –

15.02.2006

Duration: 1,5 aPhase 3 (Teil A): 21.04.2006 –

14.05.2008

Duration: 2 a

Phase 3 (Teil B -

RDB): 03.07.2008 –

14.05.2009

Duration: 1 aPhase 4:

19.12.2008 –

04.02.2011

Duration: 2 a

Final shut

down in 2003


Decommissioning: Planning is key!

Three steps approach for the planning:(1) Feasibility / First ideas (2) Concept (general description)(3) Detailed concept / specification incl

risk assessment, SWOT, etc

Think from the back-end (how to deal with radioactive waste?) !!!

What is the critical path? Where are the bottle necks?

General project management recommendations: time, quality, resources, budget, risks assessment, stakeholder management

Nuclear decommissioning related:

Radiological characteristics of NPP after final shut down

Further use or replacing of existing systems

Modification of existing organisational processes


Nuclear decommissioning in Germany

A large number of decommissioning project’s experience is available

Preferred strategy: Immediate Dismantling (start after spent fuel removal)

Main directions of decommissioning executions in Germany are

“Phase approach”

of licensing, logic of critical path considered

Large component removal (like steam generators) if applicable

Modification of existing structures, processes and systems

Use of remote systems when needed (e.g., near the reactor pressure vessel)

Management of radioactive material has to be considered:

-

back end solution and clear definition of requirements / framework-

clearance level of material

-

interim storage capacities

Best practice example based on EON‘s decommissioning experience


Boiling Water Reactor: Würgassen

NPP

Control

rods

RPV Internals

RPV Top (Cutting via WAIS)

Containment

Reaktor pressure

vessel

(RPV)

Steam

dryer


Dismantling

of steam

dryer, Würgassen NPP (1)

Concreting

Rope

saw

Control

Manual intervention

Segmentation

Water filtering system

5,7 m

3,6 m


Dismantling

of steam

dryer, Würgassen NPP (2)

Pick the

part Lift Turn

Position Horizontal cut Pack


Dismantling

of the

containment, Würgassen NPP (2)

Dismantling of the upper part of the containment using a rope saw and thermal cutting tools


Pressurized Water Reactor: Stade

NPP

1 Reactor

pressure

vessel

2 Steam

generator


Steam generator removal (transport)

Dampferzeugerdaten: Masse: 165 t, Höhe: 16 m, Durchmesser: 3,5 m


Reactor pressure vessel dismantling (preparation)

Ausgangszustand Seilsägearbeiten

Vorbereitung derneuen Abdichtung

Fertigstellung


Reactor

pressure

vessel

dismantling: Stade

NPP (1)

Technical

data

of RPV in Stade

Außendurchmesser: 4700

mm

Höhe:

7942

mm

max. Wandstärke am Flansch:

478

mm

Wanddicke am zylindrischen Teil:

199

mm

Plattierungsdicke:

7

mm

Behältermasse:

~196

Mg

Radiological

Characteristic:Co-60:

RPV-Core

< 6.15E5 Bq/g

RPV-Top/Flange

< 9,12E3 Bq/g


Reactor

pressure

vessel

dismantling: Stade

NPP (2)

01.2020

RPV Flange


Reactor

pressure

vessel

dismantling: Stade

NPP (3)


Reactor

pressure

vessel

dismantling: Stade

NPP (4)

Text überschreiben

Remote oxy-fuel cutting(direction fromoutside to inwards)


15.07.2007

Dimensions:

Lengths: 66,20 mBreadth: 25,00 mHeight: 13,10 m

Storage

facility

for

radioactive

waste

in Stade

NPP

Outside view (during construction)

Storage cask: 1st Mosaik

transport

Inside view (during construction)

Different kind of storage casks in use

Theme Date39

Nuclear Power Plant Barsebäck

(Sweden)

Barsebäck

I und II

BWR, Twin unit with 2 x 640 MWel

Final shut down stage 1999 and 2005 (pol.)Service operation until 2017

Asset owner: E.ON Kärnkraft

Sverige

Theme Date40

Nuclear Power Plant Barsebäck

(Sweden)

EON Nuclear GmbH supports current activities in Barsebäck

NPP

Transport of spent fuel elements completed (Dec 2006)

Start of decommissioning activities planned in 2020, due to availability of radioactive waste disposal (back end solution first)

Current activities in „service operation“:

Service operation of the plant

Characterisation of materials

Planning of decommissioning (taking into account Sweden‘s decommissioning approach –

„rip & ship“)

Stakeholder management / Communication

Financing of decommissioning activities via external fund

End of presentationFurther

Informationhttp://www.youtube.com/user/Eon#g/a

Or

send me

an email: [email protected]

http://www.youtube.com/user/Eon#g/a

Documents

Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects€¦ · Best practice example based on EON‘s ... (BfS) 14 Best Practice in E ... Best Practice in E.ON Decommissioning Projects Andreas