BEYOND THE BEYOND THE 5 SENSES5 SENSES

19 SENSES???

Science formally acknowledges that human have at least 11 senses and some list 19 or more.

• Input receptor which provides information to the brain.

• 12 pairs of cranial nerves branching out from the brain assist in this.

• Dependent on 6 senses, all which directly have direct connections to the brain.

• Others utilize information in a different manner

SENSES OF LIVING THINGSSENSES OF LIVING THINGS

• Senses are the physiological methods of perception.

• A system that consists of a group of sensory cell types that corresponds to a particular group of regions within the brain where the signals are received and interpreted.

• One commonly recognized categorisation for human senses is as follows:

chemoreception; photoreception; mechanoreception; thermoception.

• It is believed that all human senses fit into one of these four categories.

5 PRIMARY SENSESPRIMARY SENSES

• VISION• HEARING• TASTE• TOUCH • SMELL

SIGHT

• Uses visible radiant energy from 380 nm to 750 nm.

• Separate senses for color and brightness

• Connect to the pineal gland for melatonin and circadian rhythm

• 90% of our environmental observations

HEARING

• Senses loudness and pitch, and rhythm

• Mechanical in nature• Infrasound vs ultrasound

= 20 vps to 20,000 vps

TOUCH

• Pressure

• Shape

• Temperature

• Dryness vs wetness

• Movement

TASTE• Dryness• Metallicness• Temperature• Sweet• Salty• Sour• Bitter• Umami (savory)• Fatty acids? Calcium?

SMELL

• Hundreds of different receptors in the nasal cavity of which the sense of taste is dependent.

KINESTHETIC GEOTROPICKINESTHETIC GEOTROPIC (Equilibrioception or

proprioception)• The 6th sense in

science is actually thought to be the sense of balance (not extrasensory).

• Angular momentum• Linear acceleration• Relative position

NOCICEPTION or PAIN SENSATION

Pain receptors in skin, joints, bones, and internal organs.

Nociceptors are silent receptors and do not sense normal stimuli.

Merkel’s receptors.

• Uses separate sense receptors from touch.

• Chemo pain slow vs thermal or mechanical events are faster.

• Sometime hard to determine location i.e. heart attack, sciatica pain

REPETITIOUS MOVEMENTREPETITIOUS MOVEMENT

• Vestibular or repetitous movement are learned motor of a pattern nature are stored in the premotor cortex – a memory bank for skilled motor

activities.

TEMPERATURE or THERMOCEPTION

• Molecular motion – the greater the heat energy, the higher the temperature.

• Skin and hypothalamus (regulated internal body temperature)

• Heat = above body temperature and cold below body temperature

EIDETIC IMAGERYEIDETIC IMAGERY

• Neuroelectrical image retention or photographic memory.

MAGNETIC OR MAGNETIC OR MAGNETOCEPTIONMAGNETOCEPTION

• Ferromagnetic orientation gives someone a good sense of direction.

• Birds, bees, and turtles with humans vary in magnetite deposits in brain

INFRAREDINFRARED

• Long electromagnetic waves or heat waves which are limited in human.

SHORT ELECTORMAGNETIC SHORT ELECTORMAGNETIC WAVESWAVES

• Ultraviolet waves involved in such things as suntan, or sunburns.

IONIC IONIC

• Airborne ionic charges which can affect attitude and accuracy.

VOMERONASAL

• Pheromonic sensing or the influence of phermones.

• Phermones are chemical that triggers a natural behavioral response in another member of the same species. Pheromonic sensing

PROXIMALPROXIMAL

• Physical closeness or your personal space.

ELECTRICALELECTRICAL

• Surface charge such as static electricity.

• Cell phones, microwaves ovens, and nearby high voltage power lines.

BAROMETRIC PRESSUREBAROMETRIC PRESSURE

• Atmospheric pressure and the influence on behavior and pain on joints.

GEOGRAVIMETRICGEOGRAVIMETRIC

• Sensing mass differences or estimating size.

TIMETIME

• Circadian rhythms or a sense of time.

• Jet lag• Medication can

interfere with a sense of time